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EFFECTS OF AGEING ON DAMPING CAPACITY
OF TiNi ALLOYS
K. Ito, T. Moroyama, I. Fukumoto
To cite this version:
EFFECTS O F AGEING ON DAMPING CAPACITY OF TiNi ALLOYS
K. ITO, T. MOROYAMA' AND I. FUKUMOTO++
Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
'Engineering Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan
++Shibaura Institute of Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
A b s t r a c t : Young's modulus(E) and damping capacity(SDC) o f b i n a r y T i N i a1 l o y s have been measured between 150K and 375K by a f l e x u r a l v i b r a t i o n method w i t h a frequency o f about 260Hz and s t r a i n amplitude o f 1 x 1 0 - ~ . Ageing o f h i g h e r N i a l l o y s a t lower temperatures increases t r a n s f o r m a t i o n temperatures o f t h e quenched s t a t e and y i e l d s another c r i t i c a l p o i n t a t a h i g h e r temperature where E decreases and SDC increases sharply, w h i l e changes i n b o t h E and SDC o f lower N i a l l o y s aged a t h i g h e r temperatures a r e small. Ageing process i s discussed from these e f f e c t s o f ageing on t h e temperature s p e c t r a o f E and SDC which are c l a s s i f i e d i n d e t a i l i n t o seven cases.
1. I n t r o d u c t i o n Mechanical p r o p e r t i e s which a r e associated w i t h shape memory e f f e c t and p s e u d o - e l a s t i c i t y o f T i N i a l l o y s a r e r e p o r t e d t o be i n f l u e n c e d by ageing /I/ and damping c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e a l l o y s a r e known t o depend on t h e i r pre- treatments and compositions/2/3/4/. These phenomena must be r e l a t e d t o v a r i a t i o n o f t r a n s f o r m a t i o n behaviour according t o . a l l o y compositions and ageing treatments/l/5/.
The present r e p o r t deals w i t h systematical measurement o f temperature dependence o f Young's modulus and damping c a p a c i t y o f b i n a r y T i N i a l l o y s as f u n c t i o n o f N i contents and ageing treatments. The r e s u l t s a r e discussed w i t h r e s p e c t t o e f f e c t s o f ageing process on t r a n s f o r m a t i o n behaviour..
2. Experimental Procedure A l l o y s were prepared from sponge t i t a n i u m and e l e c t r o l y - t i c n i c k e l by arogon-arc m e l t i n g as 100g.buttons. They w i l l be named i n t h e f o l l o - wing paragraphs by t h e i r nominal c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f n i c k e l as atomic percent. They were processed t o sheets 0.75mm i n t h i c k n e s s by h o t and c o l d r o l l i n g and annealing. Specimens 10mm i n w i d t h and lOOmm i n l e n g t h were k e p t f o r 6h a t 1233k i n argon- sealed s i l i c a tubes and quenched by breaking t h e tubes i n water. They were heated t o 375K. and frequency o f f l e x u r a l v i b r a t i o n and i t s f r e e decay were measured on stepwise c o o l i n g ( c o o l i n g run) t o 150K and re-heating t o 375K(heating run) so t h a t t h e measurement was maqe a$ c o n s l a n t temperatures. The damping capacity(=SDC) was obtained as SDC=IOOx(Ah-An ) / A n
,
where A n i s t h e n t h amp1 i t u d e o f v i b r a t i o n and Young's modulus(=E) was c a l c u l a t e d from t h e resonant frequency. The specimens were aged a f t e r t h e f i r s t measurement i n an argon furnace and cooled i n i t s c o o l i n g zone. They were then measured again!,
and measurement and ageing were f u r t h e r repeatedf o r t h e same specimens.
3. Results and Discussion 50.1Ni t o 51.2Ni show i n t h e quenched s t a t e one minimum
C10-646 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE quenched 3 2 0
-
v aged 0.5h-
U-
D o d d m10-
220 300 3 80Temp 1 K
Temp 1 K
Fig.1 Young's modulus(E) and damping Fig.2 E and SDC o f 49.8N1 a l l o y . quenched capacity(SDC) o f 49.6Ni a l l o y , quenched and aged a t 573K.
and aged a t 573K. An example o f b a t t e r n 1. An example o f p a t t e r n 2. i n Young's modulus.(E) and one maximum i n
damping capacity(SDC) (Fig. ' s 3 t o 6).
.
Downward and upward arrows i n t h e f i g u r e s 51.2Ni
-
i n d i c a t e c o o l i n g and heating runs, respec- t i v e l y . A l a r g e maximum(at 240K) and a small maximum(at 330K) a r e observed i n SDC
-
o f 49.611
.
w h i l e t h e maximum of 49.811 w-Bat
shows a hump on i t s higher temperature 5 0 . side(Fig.'s 1 and 2). Temperatures o f minimum E(TEmin) decrease n e a r l y l i n e a r l y w i t h increasing Ni content from 330K(49.6Ni) t o 195K(51.2Ni), w h i l e those o f maximum SDC( (TSDCmax) ( i n t h e case o f 49.6Ni o f a l a r g e r peak) increase fromu
240~(49.k ~ i )
t o 255k(50.1Ni) and thenz ,
-
decrease t o 190K(51.2Ni). Observed ageing e f f e c t s are c l a s s i f i e d i n t o t h e f o l l o w i n g seven patterns(Fig.7).
P a t t e r n 1 (Fig.1): 49.6Ni shows hence
qiO
t h e l a r g e s t d i f f e r e n c e between TEmin and 220 3 00 3 80
Temp1 K
TSDCmax and t h e o t h e r small peak of SDC i s Fig.3
and SDC of 50,iNi alloy, quenched located a t TEmin(330K). A steep decrease
of E on at about 340K is made and aged at 823K, and 51 m Z N i
l a r g e r by ageing a t a lower temperature quenched and aged a t 873K.
50.1 N i a l l o y aged a t 823K and 51.2Ni a1 l o y b u t t h e temperature o f s t e e p l y decreasing
is unchanged, while the larger peak of aged a t 873K present r e s p e c t i v e l y examples SDC i s made smaller. P a t t e r n 2 ( ~ i g . 2 ) : ' ~ patterns and 4'
I n t h e case o f quenched 49.8Ni, a r e l a t i -
- - - T e m p l K
F i g - 4
E
and SDC o f 50.4Ni a l l o y , quenched and aged a t 673K.An example o f p a t t e r n 5.
P a t t e r n 4(Fig.3): I n t h e case o f h i g h e r Ni a1 loys. ageing a t h i g h e r temperatures makes b o t h TEmin and TSDCmax a l i t t l e higher. The temperature s h i f t c o u l d be explained i n terms o f decrease o f N i con- t e n t i n m a t r i x by p r e c i p i t a t i o n o f a second phase. Boundaries between t h e p a t - t e r n s are shown i n Fig.7 superimposed on a p a r t i a l phase diagram o f t h e Ti-Ni system. The phase boundaries a r e t h e r e drawn a f t e r Honma and Takei/5/ and Hirano and Ouchi/6/. ( P r e c i p i t a t i o n o f T i ~ N i 3 and TiqqNil+ a r e proposed by Honma e t a l . i n Meetings o f Japn. I n s t . of Metals.) P a t t e r n 5(Fiq.4): Patterns 5 and 2 a r e t h e same i n t h e sense t h a t ageing makes t h e steep decrease o f E and increase o f SDC on c o o l i n g appear. The changes are, however. more pronounced i n p a t t e r n 5 than i n pat- t e r n 2. Another d i f f e r e n c e i s t h a t E a f t e r s h o r t ageing decreases on c o o l i n g two- stepwise i n p a t t e r n 2 b u t one-stepwise i n p a t t e r n 5. . P a t t e r n 6(Fiq.'s 5
a:
P a t t e r n 6 i s s i m i l a r t o o a t t e r n 5. TSDCmax i s . however. increased' by ageing i n pat- t e r n 6, b u t n o t i n p a t t e r n 5. T h i s d i f f e - rence must be a l s o due t o t h e d i f f e r e n c e-TI
0 quenchedT e m p l K
Fig.5 E and SDC o f 50.8Ni a l l o y . quenched and aged a t 573K. An example o f p a t t e r n 6.
-
0-
140
3
00
380
T e m p l KFig.6 E and SDC o f 50.4Ni a l l o y , quenched and aged a t 823K, and o f 50.8Ni a l l o y . quenched and aged a t 673K.
50.4Ni a l l o y aged a t 823K presents an example o f p a t t e r n 7, w h i l e 50.8Ni a l l o y aged a t 673k another example o f p a t t e r n 6. o f p r e c i p i t a t e d Ni c o n t e n t i n matrix.
P a t t e r n 7(Fig.6): This p a t t e r n i s t r a n s i t i o n a l one between e i t h e r p a t t e r n s
5
and 3 o r p a t t e r n s 6 and 4. I n t h e former case(50.4Ni i n Fig.6). t h e s p e c t r a o fE
and SDC a r e t h e same as those o f s h o r t l y aged specimens i n p a t t e r n2 ,
namely two-step decrease o f on c o o l i n g and no s h i f t o f TSDCmax. I n t h e l a t t e r case. E decreases on c o o l i n g s i m i l a r l y i n two steps b u t TSDCmax a l s o increases as i n p a t t e r n 6.C10-648 JOURNAL
DE
PHYSIQUEaged above c r i t i c a l temperatures which Ageing Temp I K decrease w i t h decreasing Ni contents. The
ageing behaviour of Young,s modulus and Fig.8 Dependence of temperatures of sharp damping c a p a c i t y suggests t h a t t h e ageing $;~~:~;crj~f,
Y~:ng:~ei~~dU1;:mpePrdtu~~~~
y i e l d s beside p r e c i p i t a t i o n some ageingw i t h i n c r e a s i n g ageing t i m e and approach 1000 c e r t a i n values which decrease w i t h increa-
s i n g ageing temperature(Fig.8) b u t unaffe- c t e d by Ni contents. except i n t h e case o f p a t t e r n 1, namely 49.6Ni. and t h a t t h e
*
c r i t i c a l phenomena appear under t h e condi-,
t i o n t h a t t h e temperature o f minimum E as W 0
quenched s t a t e i s low enough r e l a t i v e t o 8 0 0 - t h e s a t u r a t i o n value o f T c r i t . (Fig.7)
'
suggest: Ageing y i e l d s some ageing tempe-r a t u r e s e n s i t i v e s t r u c t u r a l changes also, 7 0 0 - such as atomic ordering. The c i r i t i c a l
temperature s e n s i t i v e s t r u c t u r a l changes, such as atomic ordering.
The authors acknowledge Messrs. K.Takada and K.Kuga f o r t h e i r cooperation. REFERENCES
temperature may i n t h e case o f p a t t e r n 5 and 6 correspond t o t h e incommensurate-
commensurate t r a n s i t i o n temperature as 600 proposed f o r TiNiFe by M e r c i e r e t a1./3/.
A small h y s t e r e s i s o f t h e c r i t i c a l tempe-
/I/ Miyazaki, S. and Otsuka, K., Phil.Mag. m ( 1 9 8 4 ) 393. /2/ Hasiguti. R.R. and Iwasaki, K., J.Appl.Phys. x ( 1 9 6 8 ) 2182.
/3/ Mercier.0. ,Tirbond, 6. and Toeroek, E., J. de Phys. 42(1981) C5-1037.
/4/ Sugimoto. K. e t al., t o be published i n Proc. 1nt.Conf.on Titanium, Munich(l984) /5/ Honma,T. and Takei,H., J. Japn. Inst.Met., 3!3(1975) 175.
/6/ Hiran0.K. and Ouchi,G.. J.Japn. Inst.Met., 32(1968) 613.
-
0 0
V
Ar a t u r e s between c o o l i n g and h e a t i n g 500
runs(50.8Ni aged f o r 32h i n Fig.6) support 49-5 50.0 50.5 51.0 51.5 t h i s p o i n t o f view. But o t h e r p o s s i b i l i - Ni I at%
t i e s should be f u r t h e r s t u d i e d f o r t h e Fig.7 Location of 7 p a t t e r n s o f changes o t h e r p a t t e r n s ( f o r example two-step i n - i n spectra o f Young's modulus and damping crease on h e a t i n g f o r one-step decrease on c a p a c i t y i n Ni- content-ageing-temperature c o o l i n g o f 49.8Ni aged f o r 128h i n Fig.2). diagram.
n,
. 0 , w
,
+,
v
,
A,
and 0 The exception of 49.6Ni may be due t o i t s present examlned Ni contents and ageing incomplete re-transformation a t 375K. temperatures which were found t o belong t o p a t t e r n 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, 4. Summarizinq Conclusions Temperature r e s p e c t i v e l y .spectra o f Young's modulus(E) and damping capacity(SDC) o f quenched and aged T i N i
a l l o y s were measured between 150K and 3 4 0 375K. I n t h e quenched state, t h e a l l o y s w i t h 50.1 t o 51.2 a t % N i show one minimum
i n E and one maximum i n SDC, w h i l e two
';;
3 2 0 maxima i n SDC are observed i n t h e 49.6Ni E a l l o y and one b u t wide maximum i n t h e $! 49.8Ni a1 loy. When aged a t lower tempera-tures, t h e temperature o f maximum SDC
5
300 increases and a sharp decrease o f E t o g e t h e r w i t h a sharp increase o f SDC E appears on c o o l i n g a t a c r i t i c a lo'
2 8 0 temperature. The increase o f t h e9
temperature o f maximum SDC occurs o n l y a when t h a t temperature of t h e quenched 260. s t a t e i s below 250K. namely when N icontents a r e l a r g e r than about 50.5
