مساهمة تنمية رأس المال البشري في إدارة المعرفة دراسة حالة مؤسسة اتصالات الجزائر ـ فرع بسكرة ـ الجزائر
Texte intégral
(2) 23 א
(3) אא. . . íʆù]ì…] c»ë†fÖ]Ù^¹]Œ_…íéÛßiíÛâ^ŠÚ †ñ]ˆ¢]{ì†ÓŠeņÊ{†ñ]ˆ¢]l÷^’i]튉öÚíÖ^uí‰]…. . . **êËé×}îŠéÂK *íè… ]çÎívée…K.
(4)
(5) ! "# $% &'
(6) ( )* + ,-( + <
(7) ( )*+ =; "(> ?@A BC =; ,
(8) -#$6 2 7' 8 9%: ; ,−2#3 4#-− #. /0. N$ 2 7O =; #P(; 45 +(
(9) ! ! ,!F , GH%6 @ 2 7IJ
(10) K% D (E% B NA V W X - ,Y. % B NZ%
(11) [ \
(12) K% 40 4CQ = 3; ,K( RST 9' ,N\T ]% Y.% <+ =; ,SPSSb SPSSbV 19 ].^O Y;K_ D(E% (@- K. ,f#P(; #gK
(13) 9C =;
(14) % hT%; DX%+ f(
(15) 6 i
(16) ( )*+ m XJ ,<N$% ,jP(% :9%: j ^ k T% ! ]+ 9 7$ ﺑi m
(17) -#$6 2 7' oT% ; i m ,hT%; oT% ; T+
(18) ( Bp
(19) 6 8 :9%: j ^ k T% ! ]+ 9 7$ ﺑi.
(20) i Y.% #9q XJ ,
(21) -#$6 ?S ,
(22) -#$6 (T ,
(23) -#$6 PFT K ,
(24) -#$6 r %J s B ;$;
(25) , HN t ^ ,
(26) 6
(27) -#$6 2 7' 8 <+ b
(28) -#$6 2 7' 8
(29) N\[ GH% =; %31b6 wx
(30) i b0b562. b
(31) -#$6 2 7' ,jP(% ,<N$% ,
(32) :
(33) ^%x6 XN3
(34) P 7O
(35) P7 % |6 8
(36) T ; G } T S
(37) z T (9 { |6 9-#! ]%
(38) 3;P( k[ % /; ]% TS% F# ;= ﺑiJ ,
(39) -J
(40) CTT3% , ;TN$6 CTT3% "#$P ; ,+K K
(41) 0$
(42) @N$%6
(43) \~ ]@%. KT+#; 6 B@% ; \ * ,-
(44) !|K #J oT
(45) -#$6 ($. m tZ. K #!
(46) "*
(47) !
(48) א א
(49) א
(50) א kouadriarebiha@yahoo.fr. K #!
(51) "? ?!
(52) א א
(53) א
(54) א#%& ** Khelifissa@yahoo.fr. ïÐîÜ(@óîÇ@N…ë@Lò퉅aìÓ@òzîi‰@N…@@@òϊȽa@ñ‰a…g@¿@ðŠ’jÛa@Þb½a@c‰@òîàäm@òàçbß.
(55) 2017 14
(56) 23 א
(57) אא. 342. G m H%6 ( ^IJ
(58) -#$6 #9q (@- *
(59) |%K b1
(60) ! %6 GH% m ; <NI% ! (@ (! ; T+ , GH%N ! (@ #gK 6 @
(61) m
(62) $Pw
(63) |% 3% m. 8 #J 9; 27x%
(64) -#$6 H% A ]%
(65) P([
(66) P 7O <+x6 =; (P($ T9q ! 8 9%K3; , % ] ﺛ%
(67) P([ z T6 = ; ( m $ ] % ,
(68) -#$6 2 7' +F# ;= ﺑ,X! F|K'. b9 -; ! 9NH
(69) |%K # 7 /- , 6 =; (P($ ( ^T B ;$ i 6 , J7 ,
(70) -#$N .# ( 6 < + 7 #- iT3 #gK + ,
(71) P 7 T 6 ] +
(72) -#$6 7 % B q 8
(73) - 2/ ; > #-TP T 8 9@P *. ! T [ "( , 9% 2 ; +%! DX% + 2# 3- F# ,
(74) -#$6 2 7' N! 8 <+ P 2( P(0 3- ( T ( @ 96 " $6. 8 2(! 6 ~ = ; ,
(75) -#$6 2 7' 8 ;+ 7 j $N
(76) %-.
(77) ( )*+ ~ =; Z * ,9@S < 9$PFT +K +(T
(78) -#$6 r %J 2 7' 8 9%: ; >;
(79) % 6 +(%$ ]% j ! "#$%. 4TzT6
(80) ( ,2#3 4#- – #. /0
(81) ;
(82) ^
(83) 7 ! 7X%! ,
(84) -#$6. #S%K ($ ,
(85) (N D$ O #$ <% :
(86) s@K &' #S% < =;
(87) -#$6 2 7'
(88) ! "#$% ~ =;
(89) (N #g . DT @K < , +7$ ﺑN% ~ = ;
(90) -#$6 2 7' 8
(91)
(92) : ;
(93) -#$;. b\T% Y.% #$ DT@K G~ ,9N! T[ < ]% K BNA #$
(94)
(95)
(96) :
(97)
(98) "$; =; 3N%P 6 8
(99) : #gK :
(100) (
(101) N3; − i ,9%K\ _ 96 "$6 )*+
(102) =; ( K- , _~ 9;. 96 "$6- ,9;7@ D(! iX #% +(P( =; ( B ]x3P )(^ +#-T. 9; (x% k % , 9% <% P '
(103) , T # ; ; _
(104) N3 ;
(105) } \ = 3P + = ; b
(106) -#$6 2 7'
(107) N! ! jN # ; T+ , 6
(108) -#$6 2 7' 8
(109) <+ B + :k % #+T 0 8
(110) (.
(111) N = ;
(112) !T ¡ % * + , A ¢( P ?−2#3 4#- – #. /0
(113) :8 B%
(114) !#x
(115) 9C = ; −2#3 4#- – #. /0
(116)
(117) ; − ?f#P(; #gK ïÐîÜ(@óîÇ@N…ë@Lò퉅aìÓ@òzîi‰@N…@@@òϊȽa@ñ‰a…g@¿@ðŠ’jÛa@Þb½a@c‰@òîàäm@òàçbß.
(118) 343. 2017 14
(119) 23 א
(120) אא. . #gK
(121) 9C =; −2#3 4#- – #. /0
(122)
(123) -#$6 2 7' ?S oT% ; ; − ?f#P(;
(124) 9C =; −2#3 4#- – #. /0
(125)
(126) -#$6 2 7' 8 <N$% <+ P B+ −. ?f#P(; #gK.
(127) 9C =; −2#3 4#- – #. /0
(128)
(129) -#$6 2 7' 8 jP(% <+ P B+ − ?f#P(; #gK ,
(130) -#$6 !
(131) .@ 6 8
(132) \~ GJ DX%+
(133) -#$6 RgA :
(134) (
(135) : −K 6 ' R$ ; T+ ,
(136) -% 2/6 ?@A 3% 4 (O ?@A ! (@ #gK. 2 7' =; ( ?@A BC =; , GH% m 2#3 < % m ]%
(137) [ "#g Bq 8
(138) \~. , 6 " (+ ?@A ! (@ #gK
(139) ;> z T6 =;
(140) -#$6 2 7' ($ ' ,
(141) -#$6 )*+
(142) \~ , 6 = ; ( P($ 8 8 3 DX% + R @N ' 9%: = ; <}# ! = 3 ! ,
(143) 6 B~ 7 7T6 DX%+ DX%+ jC * ,
(144) P#. /0 6. b93N%P ]% _ 96 "$6
(145) ~ =; ,
(146) -#$N .# 7T6 £ %! CT
(147)
(148) : ! T @' 8
(149) ( )*+
(150) : #9g k%.
(151) i ,PT =; iT3
(152) P#. /0 6 B =; ' #g. b
(153) -#$6 2 7' 8 <+ P ¤N;$ _~ 9; "$; 27PF ! B$. :8 B% " (+ =;
(154) N¥ ?@A &'
(155) ( )*+ ~ =; R$ K :
(156) ( " (+ − b−2#3 4#- – #. /0
(157)
(158) ! "#$% −. b−2#3 4#- – #. /0
(159)
(160) -#$6 2 7' ?S oT% ; ! "#$% −. 4#- – #. /0
(161)
(162) -#$6 2 7' 8
(163)
(164) : ;
(165) 7 − b−2#3 B $x !
(166) ( Bp
(167) 6 8 #@ *E%; (! ]% ^Q@6 ¦$ z − b9- (+ ?@A BC =;
(168) -#$6 2 7' ?S 8
(169) : N
(170) . :
(171) ( z#- −$ .
(172)
(173) -#$6 2 7' 8
(174) <+ :
(175) .#
(176) z#x − :8 B%
(177) ./0 z#x =;
(178) !T &'
(179) z#x )*+
(180) ./ <. m ( b−2#3 4#- −#. /0 b−2#3 4#-– #. /0
(181)
(182) -#$6 2 7' 8 <N$% <+ P −. b−2#3 4#-– #. /0
(183)
(184) -#$6 2 7' 8 jP(% <+ P − ïÐîÜ(@óîÇ@N…ë@Lò퉅aìÓ@òzîi‰@N…@@@òϊȽa@ñ‰a…g@¿@ðŠ’jÛa@Þb½a@c‰@òîàäm@òàçbß.
(185) 2017 14
(186) 23 א
(187) אא. 344. Y9 6 ! K( %! ( @- 9- ( +
(188) (
(189) $ &' #g :
(190) (
(191) |9; − ;~
(192) J
(193) @P#S ¤$; §(^ 2#+gN
(194) @7
(195) $%; (\ ! Y96 *+ DT@P ' ,]x\T. t ^ = ; §( [ 2#+ g ! "# $% B C =; , Q- 2(!
(196) $;
(197) ;F 2Q- 8
(198) !TK *+ (P ,)#PTS T <9- 8 (! X$ Y.%K &' T\T ,iT6 oT%Z6 ,+G x 9NNA < m =; ;TN$6 K ¥ #x z
(199) N36 (P(Z% Y96. =; _%$P *
(200) [
(201) 7 rTN D (E% <. m ( ,2\T% Y.% &' T\T k%
(202) ( B p
(203) 6 = ! ;TN$6 K ¥ ~ = ; ]x \T Y9 6 j ¤ b\T% Y.% ¢# +G x 9NNA @ 2 7IJ
(204) K% ~ =; K ! T[ < :K ¥ 2 7
(205) @ −7 ]. ^O Y; K_ D (E% < ,
(206) ( ]T Z; ! 9$PFT ,
(207) ( G H%; Likert <N 7X% ! < ( b K )* + B NA D &' K B PTA 8(∗)SPSSb SPSSbV19. D (E% &'
(208) - zO ,?- T; 3 &' ?- T; G} 1 =;
(209) @- T6
(210) C7 @ 7$ ] ﺑ 4TzT6 <!( ®;
(211) m 7 &' T\T "(
(212) 6
(213) .^O j. GH%; ! (\
(214) -#$; "( ¯K#J x ﻟ%~ :8 j )*+ B% $ T^
(215) ( ]TZ; ²
(216) -#$6 $6 " #ZK ³ [ hT%6 ;
(217) K%. "( h ]S (ZK
(218) |%K BNA ;C' )
(219) ( GH%; ´@ ]%. b
(220) ( z#- %~
(221) ; ( ; ¥ = ;
(222) ( % iT 3 :
(223) (
(224) ! % −$
(225) $% #. ( ¥ ! iT !#x%P < + ,#P( ; 131 <+7( ! µ −2#3 4#-− #. /0. _ ! <9 N!
(226) K% PFT < b#P( ; 45 = ;
(227) KT3;
(228) P(
(229) ! %~ < ( b
(230) N = ; % 88.88) % K ; , K
(231) N%3;
(232) K% 40 4CQ =3; ,
(233) K (; PF b.^'
(234) T@;
(235) !
(236) K ]+ ,
(237) !FT6 K% k¥O <|[.
(238) K% (\ %~ −; D @ ( ! DX% + j ¶ ] %
(239) 96 V. = ; ( _ %$P :( %~ −1
(240) JTN
(241) @P# ·+ iT3 i ( o#~ 2 7
(242) K% <% t^ D ($- ,
(243) (. &' ; 2#+q BPTZ% DT@K
(244) K% ! t^ 7X%!
(245) ^ 8 ,2 7 )*+ (\ ´@K
(246) $;. ∗. -Statistical Package For Social Sciences. ïÐîÜ(@óîÇ@N…ë@Lò퉅aìÓ@òzîi‰@N…@@@òϊȽa@ñ‰a…g@¿@ðŠ’jÛa@Þb½a@c‰@òîàäm@òàçbß.
(247) 345. 2017 14
(248) 23 א
(249) אא. . m
(250) N!
(251) @P#S (JI m %P ;(! ,9; ﻟI% ! + 9% 7 (P#K ]% 2#+g ´@
(252) K% i ] % " ( +
(253) K% 9- ? @m A ] %
(254) C( = ! ( _$P ¸ t^ ,
(255) 7\
(256) K% _%$. m ,9NC =; ,$z b3 $- ]HP ; ´@ ;(!
(257) 7\ _%$
(258) K% i ¹ º 2 7 ( \ @ ¯ K#J x ﻟ%~ ] $Q * 0 r ^ <
(259) ( )* + 8. = ; ! TJ 2( C
(260) K ] + %92.7
(261) N;J
(262) K% ( B ;$; µN t^ ,@. XJ rTNS6 ($6 =; ! 2(^ ! Tp B3 ( B;$; i XJ % 60 rTNS6 ($6 b01 < (0 8 ¤; T+. m (@P : %~ −2 ! 9$PFT (! ; ' Y.% ´xK ]S$ 2X% i. b4 @
(263) K% #P(@ 8 T+ ?S% "#q ´xK Bq 8 7 #- ´xK. µ N t ^ ,¯ K#J x ﻟB ;$; ¢ #E%
(264) K% @ 2 7 =; ?@Z%N. rTNS6 ($6 =; ! TJ
(265) T@;
(266) K ]+ %86.1
(267) N;J
(268) K% ¯K#J x ﻟB;$;. T+ XJ rTNS6 ($6 =; !
(269) ( p =; Tp B3 ¯K#J x ﻟB;$; i XJ ,%60. :k% (0 8 ¤;. ∗. ( B;$;. ( B;$; :01 < (0 B;$;. $ 7(!.
(270) K% p. 0b806. 0b650. 05. 0b807. <N$%. 0b652. 06. 0b852. jP(%. 0b726. 11. 0b789.
(271) . 0b623. 05. 0b892.
(272) -#$6 r %J. 0b796. 04.
(273) -#$6 (T. 0b859. 0b738. 05. 0b859.
(274) -#$6 PFT K. 0b739. 04. 0b911.
(275) -#$6 ?S. 0b831. 18. 0b927.
(276) -#$6 2 7'. 0b861. 29. k¥O. SPSS Y;K# C#. ! 7X%! ¤^ 7 (!' =; :(6. b B;$; *| ( B;$; r ^ < −∗ ïÐîÜ(@óîÇ@N…ë@Lò퉅aìÓ@òzîi‰@N…@@@òϊȽa@ñ‰a…g@¿@ðŠ’jÛa@Þb½a@c‰@òîàäm@òàçbß.
(277) 2017 14
(278) 23 א
(279) אא. 346.
(280)
(281)
(282)
(283)
(284) KT3; <+ =; _%$P :
(285) −
(286) N^" £I xP#$ =3P ' ,scholtz scholtz holtz5 (P ! % 8 ; (E% 4{ t^ #3x. ^ ~ 7#x T; ,r|% ,<N$% ,]W% §O :8 B% Ä!
(287) $ B!x. Stewart j ^ "#! ,6"N! 96
(288) -#$6 iT3NP =P* 7 #- " £ ! Stewart. T+ 7O
(289) . 6 | QO ¤ =; T6 7@%! _ (@ . ScholtzÈ ; b7"
(290) K#6 4 (O | BC =; N! Çx[ P( S@%. 6 8 ¤ Z%N .# É$ =! _$P i (J (@- 1993 2/6 ?@A 2(P(0 |%6 ¢%K' ! B$ ]% ¤;(E% 6 T\ 8 B%6 jP(% <N$%
(291) ! > ]% N$ ?N$%; i ¤ m
(292) -%. ,
(293) @ , (@ , 96 ,
(294) -#$6 PT% ; 27PF 8 <+ ]% o#~ 76 N% 8b 6 7 - 8 <+
(295) P9 8 7 z# ?@A 8 76 )*+ <+ t^
(296) P#Sx 96 "$6
(297) !T " T+ i %P P$% B ~ =;. ]% _ 9N! iTNÊ ]% P(% N% <N$% ~ =; 7 #- 93N%P ]%
(298) %36 b" N
(299) -% 2/6 ?@A 8 +( <+ ]% <9N! 2(; ~ T %3P. ,Z\ ,8#$6 7% TZK TZ%
(300) \~ hZ6 +(9P ]%
(301) ! %6 TZ% Bq 8 7 #- _~ 9; "$; 27PF 8 <+ TJ , >;
(302) ! 2_ 6 m XJ ,¤N;$ * , _ 96 "$6 )*+ D7@ D(! = 2#% 6
(303) %
(304) N! i m Robertson and HammesleyÈ X$ #; 2#% 6
(305) % i HammesleyÈ 2000 2000 =; BJ GP 7(. D · 7' ! TKT3P i (
(306) % )*+ ~ =- ,
(307) -#$6 <>T@^
(308) ;(@; 8 T@P ]3
(309) -#$6 r S qT &' I|N 6 =; (P($ B$C ; T+ ,
(310) $; m 8 §(A ]% TS% m &' ¤^ jN} GP b9!T|6 =z <9P( ,¤$;0 <%
(311) i
(312) 7$ ﺑ:01 < B3. :k% B3 8 ¤; m T+ XJ jP(% <N$% ~ =;. b¤^ 7 (!' =; :(6 ïÐîÜ(@óîÇ@N…ë@Lò퉅aìÓ@òzîi‰@N…@@@òϊȽa@ñ‰a…g@¿@ðŠ’jÛa@Þb½a@c‰@òîàäm@òàçbß.
(313) 347. 2017 14
(314) 23 א
(315) אא. . 7% §Z ;= ~ ﺑX% )%! <N$%
(316) : #9q (@ :<N$% −1 Schultz∗ ]3P#; ) TJ" ] <3[ B ,∗∗
(317) P#gK 8 Schultz m ,J ' ,2* #}-
(318) hSÓ m ,J '" 7 6 B ! ´; i#@ 8 "/. hSÓ. ;(! , (^ Tp (A Km ,2#|{ 4F- T $ m 2(^ 2* 4/ ;(! £ 10 m b "Tp
(319) .; (A <N$. ,X% )%! N <N$%
(320) : F_P B6 *+ i'. ,
(321) N$ )*+ =;
(322) @@Z6 (. Tx &'
(323) -zO 9' 7$
(324) N$ )*+ ! 6 @x X27PF 3% 4 (O ?@A ,7 #- _~ 9; "$; 27PF ~ =; . #PTS "(9% ]%
(325) N$ " £I m " ! ]S$6 (! B =; "#! ¸ XJ b
(326) C%KO (@$ ]x Nx %~ 2(! ! 7(p m ]@S =z
(327) N! "$;
(328) ;Tg; m ; b11"7(Z6 =- ,
(329) 8
(330) ;(E% 6 X6 <+ =; <N$% im. ( 8 <N$%
(331) : Ô #9g XJ , j}#P * B$ 8 7#- BJ VE%P ~ ]% ,k$ oT% 6
(332) P 7 T6 G-T ! _ 96 "$6 =%. m :128 B% 7$!
(333) ;= ﺑT <N$%
(334) N! =% b ; B3P m ; ]+ m ;4 (O G3x% ! 7 #- 2( 27PF − ; (|% 6
(335) GH%6 ;
(336) N$% Y; _
(337) . ; − ;]P7J B$ G3x%
(338) P#^ G-T −. ;
(339) N$% CTT3% D (E% − bT C%^ hZ6 NS% <N$% Y; # h − m T@ =3P
(340) ;!
(341) x T[ 8 ( Õ KO zT ¤ A ! B$P <N$% i. i KO 9; ( =; (P/P ' ,
(342) 6 7 8 GﺛI%N 9; (E% ,;TN$6 ! b%C%K' 27PF C%^ ( m 8 )(! P. 7% 8 VE%; ]3P#; 7% ,1902 BP#- 30 8 ( Theodore William Schultz /%T{ DNP 7T ∗ |% ´. ¤! ,
(343) P#gK 8 $- B3 <+ ,T}3{
(344) $;| k$ <N$% 8 PT <+ ,#PTS%. D! 7% BTK 2/.C K ,1972 D! walker 2/.C ! |% *+ =; B^ 1960 D! ]3P#; 7% Theodor_Schultzhttp:ØØfrbwikipediaborgØwikiØ :;TN$6 =; (P/N ,1998 #x- 26 8 8T ,1979. ∗∗ 8 ,MuncerÈ MuncerÈ1958 1958 , BeckerÈ BeckerÈ 1964 ,SchultzÈ SchultzÈ 1961 X! ~ =; $m B3
(345) P#g )*+ TS. _ , 96 ,
(346) -#$6 ®; 7 "%J ~ =; 7 #-
(347) : ! /JQ C
(348) P#g )*+. b # "#$P \ ; T+ ,
(349) C%KO 27PF 8. ïÐîÜ(@óîÇ@N…ë@Lò퉅aìÓ@òzîi‰@N…@@@òϊȽa@ñ‰a…g@¿@ðŠ’jÛa@Þb½a@c‰@òîàäm@òàçbß.
(350) 2017 14
(351) 23 א
(352) אא. 348. <+ =; )%! 6 B =;
(353) H
(354) :I jP(% 4TzT; ]g^ (@ :jP(% −2 ∗∗∗ m ; T+ ,
(355) Z#6 X% Becker Becker )(J m t^ ,
(356) P#gK ~ =; <+ (^ )_%! ,jP(% ! Z ﺑ/J. (.- #9g X% =; 4T *+ B; ,9- #% i N =3P ]% jK T0. B$ D@N 7#x 7 (!'" £I m xP#$ =3P b
(357) NPT
(358) N@% ; Q- 8 XK' m G@ o(6 8 *J ,B$ D@N #P(C N$ ]% _ 96 )(P/ ~ =; ,¤$; m. B =; "#! XJ b13"
(359) C%KO xJ oT% ; -# @ ]% ;TN$6 "$6 %J. 96
(360) -#$6 ! T[ > ~ =; =3P ]%
(361) N$ " £I Ann Gilley and al -#$- \ áT^#^ ; b14"
(362) $; m
(363) 9; sK *x% 7 #- 9C%Ê ]% (@ . N i@ O <99CT ¤(%6 &' ]J#[ ( S 9N! jNHP 9; B@K" £I m. b15"T@; oT% ; ! 96 m 9 xK
(364) -TﻟI
(365) P(%
(366) ;Tg6 =; ?NSP iJ i' ' 8 jP(% i' Y; _ *x j.@[ 7 (!' ,
(367) P(% Y; _ < ,
(368) P(% C%^ (P(A m ,
(369) !T t^ =; (C â xN% â
(370) x )*+ i iT3P i ]HP £m 'm 9@
(371) P(%. jP(% j B$ ]%
(372) @ <|%
(373) |%K 296 2_
(374) -#$6 N%ã
(375) -(9% 6 b
(376) P( G} jP(% ! 8
(377) NPT ! TN0 Z6 !
(378) .@
(379) P(N@% â iT3P i ]HP
(380) x )*+ jP( i m <> |6
(381) ^ ' ,<9 X- _ 7 ! X.. m *J b TN$P i B%Z6 =; ]% o#~ -@ ! "#$%N ]P( Y;K# im 7 ; B;$% 8
(382) JTN jK T0
(383) @% jK TC BxHP m j¶
(384) x )*>
(385) m &'
(386) -z' b<>
(387) 2(P(0 m G Y;K# i2 ! /J#P B$¶ ,=P#~ä < B@K =; <93P X jP(% 8
(388) x )*+ 9; _~ X% â â 7T; 7T; b16
(389) P 7O
(390) N!x S$ t^ =; \ T%; m %Pm @ )#J <. ,
(391) C%KO -#
(392) .# #S o(^' T+ jP(% i m ; Tz 8. m ,
(393) : µ T^ É! T+ 27PF ¤ Z%
(394) .# Z6 (^ T+ jP(% i
(395) TNS6 D96 7 ! 2( 7 ($% #J P R%^ , 9; (. ,]./0 7% 8 BNZ% 8 Z" ;= ~ ﺑ#! ,]3P#; 7% ! ,GbSbBecker #3 åK% } ∗∗∗ b1993 D! 7% BTK 2/.C ! B^ (
(396) P#gK 8 $- B3 <+. ïÐîÜ(@óîÇ@N…ë@Lò퉅aìÓ@òzîi‰@N…@@@òϊȽa@ñ‰a…g@¿@ðŠ’jÛa@Þb½a@c‰@òîàäm@òàçbß.
(397) 349. 2017 14
(398) 23 א
(399) אא. . b3% 4 (O j6 rTNS6 B3 ; m 2{O (¶ XJ BA m ]% _ 96 "$6 z &' "(f jP(% i. #J jP(% B$¶ ; T+ , B$P * B$ 4S 8 ?S% zT; r(%6 9N! h #P T+ ,
(400) xJ = ^I <9N! iT@%P 7 #- B$C T+ ; "(>- ,<N$% =; Ó m ,7 #- " (+I h #P * <N$% ´3! 6 " (+I N! jNHP jP(% i. ]% X6 <+ =; : ,#g jK0 N! jNHP * <N$% ´3! ]@S% jK0 9; "$; 27PF &' i-(f : 3- ,
(401) 8 6 9;(E%.
(402) P3%
(403) ! (O (@ 27PF 8 (! P ,B$ 8 9@S ¤N;$ _~ b
(404) C%KO ¤ A 7 #-æ 7(p DT9x; <P(@ 8 iT^ N%~ (@-
(405) -#$6 4TzT; 4 #gK :
(406) -#$6 2 7' −. T; 9-#$P ,17"ç <9- ! 2(@ ,<N! ,
(407) P 7" !
(408) H ,-#! t^ ,> ,18"7#x 93N%P ]%
(409) (
(410) g^ 6 ,2_ ,
(411) X6 ~ =; <9x " I 7Tx J ^ S\ ; ,19"
(412) X6 <N$% =; -#$K ;" I Larousse Larousse K#x (|6 9-#$P =; ,@%{ ]% 96 ;TN$N <J Q6 i/E6 " Bã I Burton− Burton−Jones Jones 9-#$20b7 #- ¤@N%6 B =; ;TN$6 X$% 7' jC ,
(413) -#$6 !
(414) .@ 6 8 GJ DX%+
(415) :I RgA
(416) -#$6 i #gK. b
(417) -#$6 2 7' ~ =; ( |%P i =3P ; T+ ,7 #- o( 2(C T%6 "$6 H% 9C%A ]%
(418) -#$6 ! T[ > ~ =; <%P ]%
(419) g%6
(420) N$ "
(421) -#$6 2 7 (@P. X$% ·% <g% ?N " Bã I ∗UNDP o#P ,21"| ?@Z%
(422) 6. hSÓ" !
(423) -#$6 2 7 ]$- Wiig ; ,22"
(424) ¶' Y.%K ! T[ BC
(425) -#$6 N$ ,#3x #
(426) S #6
(427) -#$6 T\
(428) -#$6 (T ?
(429) <g . ³¶O GﺛI% =; =3P ; _J ?@A <%P tZ ,
(430) g%
(431) E K3;O (@ . 23b"
(432) -% 2/6 ?@Z%.
(433) C~
(434) N~ 7 ,KJ T ,
(435) -#$N B; H% 2#3- ! DT@
(436) -#$6 2 7' i' :8 B% ]% DT@ ]% N$ N% ~ =; .
(437) 6 B~ 7
(438) ^%6
(439) -#$6 7 T6 B- (P(A &'
(440) N$ )*+ G :
(441) -#$6 r %J −. b
(442) %N 2(Z%6 <; Y;K# T+ United Nations Development Programme : %~ ∗ ïÐîÜ(@óîÇ@N…ë@Lò퉅aìÓ@òzîi‰@N…@@@òϊȽa@ñ‰a…g@¿@ðŠ’jÛa@Þb½a@c‰@òîàäm@òàçbß.
(443) 2017 14
(444) 23 א
(445) אא. 350. 24;
(446) SSE6 " (+ ?@Z%
(447) ;F 9C~. K = ; 2( P(C
(448) z
(449) ÊÄ
(450) -#$; #PTS =PT3 " I "#$ :
(451) -#$6 (T − 25;"2(P(0
(452) @
(453) -#$6 =;
(454) J# =; 2#- T%6 ;TN$6 . 9g 9%; 7' 9N!
(455) g-Z6
(456) -#$6 Çx%^
(457) N$ )*+ B :
(458) -#$6 i/~ −.
(459) g% 2#J *
(460) ($ t^ ,9!CQ B G 9' T\T tZ B9 26;
(461) N. 8 ¤$6 íE{ &'
(462) ZZ
(463) -#$6 P'" (@P :
(464) -#$6 PFT K −. 27;"
(465) ZCK D9 D@ BC =; j6 B3 ,T.
(466) -#$6 7TC i 2#3- ! DT@ ,+*x N$-
(467) -#$6
(468) &' G :
(469) -#$6 ?S − (^ 8
(470) > ,
(471) -#$6- ,2TC#6 " (+ &' T\TN 9@S j¶ B ]x3P )(^. 28b
(472) @ ?NW * T+ > å$x ?S% XK' . m &' #g :
(473) -#$6 2 7
(474)
(475) ! −
(476) i < N$% = ; B J
(477) ! j NS6 * + ~ = ; % ,jP( % < N$% ~ = ; <% . :
(478) -#$6 2 7' 8 jP(% ,3% 4 (O ! (%$P *
(479) -#$6 7% Bq 8 :
(480) -#$6 2 7 <N$%
(481) ! − m * H ] % " $6 = ; (P/N -( m ' ,X. 7
(482) g@P R@ B T% <N$%
(483) N! i∗ m #J* #P(0 =; ,
(484) N
(485) P#+T0 (@ tZP ,{ <9- =; ?NSP 4(6 i. b29?J ´ ? ¡ % !
(486) CO =! m ~ =; 7 #- o( "$6
(487) 8 (! P <N$% i' #3x CT% JTN <N$.
(488) 7 27 100 =! (P/P ; Bell Laboratories B _% #-T t^ 4 (O 7. ( <g. m ,4 (O 7 (P(0 #3x CT%
(489) <N$ h ! (!
(490) xN% ,TKT7 7 7' B =; #3% ]% , G3x% ; ]!X0 B$ B.
(491) (. G P ,30"
(492) x$ h < # " R P i T < # 8 î 7 Y9 6
(493) 7 27 m ïT }_ ($ !
(494) PG3x% 96 ; B ;$% 8 <3Z% P < 3Ê * ? S6 i. º ]%
(495) @@[ 7 T6 " I 345í ,2005 ,i#~² å! % (! j ^ ,-#! ∗ 2/;
(496) 6 j 3. m ]% ¤N;$ ¤3ã ~ =; 9N3 <%P ]% (@N
(497) |%6 96 CTT3% =; iT3% ,
(498) -. b"
(499) í#- &'
(500) |% GH% ( ïÐîÜ(@óîÇ@N…ë@Lò퉅aìÓ@òzîi‰@N…@@@òϊȽa@ñ‰a…g@¿@ðŠ’jÛa@Þb½a@c‰@òîàäm@òàçbß.
(501) 351. 2017 14
(502) 23 א
(503) אא. . :318 96 )*+ B% ,]N$% m <N$% i (; 8 iTN;$ (Jm t^ :/JQ 9; −1 ;(! B$ ( XK'm /JQ 9; i m %! ! ,Õ$6 ¦$ 8 V@K ,;
(504) ﻟI ; 7TC ,;
(505) N3 7 #- #$P ]+ 36 i m G3x%
(506) N! ; 36 B^ ?S; =; /JQ 29; zT T+ <N$% i-. 8
(507) g^ 6 , m \ t ^ ,
(508) g^ 6 ! / JQ ïI P + : ;TN$6 ¥ 9; −2 ;´ T[ h #6 [ · 7O ! TZN ]N$% Dg. * ,_J )#J* iJ XNJ ,_J ; ð 8 G3x% iJ XNJ £m 9 :#J*% 9; −3. ;#J*% ! (! P <N$%m :<g% 9; −4 ; T+ ,B% j Q jPT%
(509) K@6 T^ (P <N$% i'. ;
(510) N$%6 27 Bã =; B J 7' ã jNS%P. ;X9
(511) .@
(512) $ ;TN$N
(513) KT36 /C VZ- 9; "(> :BNZ% 9; −5 ;T% ,% ,G x% :p 2(! ~ =; <% :(T% 9; −6 j NS%P ; T + :( P(C 8 2( P(0
(514) @ ;TN$6 Y ;7 B ;3% 9; −7. GH
(515) -#$6 7 T6 BC =; ,9; D> G} D> /ã ,;TN$6 VEN ! 2(@ b2(P(0 S$6 ; j%P X (@%$6 J(6 TS%. B3 X ! 7 ! 2( #J 7 #- P ~ =- ;+ 7 j$NP <N$% i'. T+ ; BJ =! tZ 9%9C T; 36 B^ ! 7@ T+ <N$%6 7#x- ,4ñ B- b2(P(C GH § (^' (P(C m :
(516) -#$6 2 7' jP( % − K
(517) N! T +
(518) 6 B ~ 7 jP( i'. m XJ ,¤N;$ 7 #- _~ 9; "$;
(519) 8 <+ TJ ,
(520) 9; jP(%
(521) N! i Nb =; BJ GP 7( * , _ 96 "$6 )*+ D7@ D(! = 2#% 6 m &' Bb Ishak and al , jP(
(522) |%K §( Ê <J # i
(523) !w 7# m = ; <9 3m ã _ ~ " $; 9;
(524) | Qm ² r# H
(525) !X%C
(526) P7 %
(527) |N ,Z z X J b32B $ NS%6
(528) KTN i. m ,7 #- ¤ ;
(529) -#$6 <@ B9 2(0 k[ ,T 8 6 i m jP(% N! ]$P *+ ,
(530) -#$6 )*+ w. â +%!
(531) -#$6 (P(Z% DT@. m jP( hS~ h% < ,> NS;. 9C%A ]%
(532) -#$6 2F^ ¤N;$N % ,
(533) x%; <N$ G ; (P(A
(534) T; =; £m ,
(535) K#;
(536) 9; %~ xK ,T 8 ¤N;$N #-T ,+(P(
(537) -#$6 )*+ K ,
(538) 6 ïÐîÜ(@óîÇ@N…ë@Lò퉅aìÓ@òzîi‰@N…@@@òϊȽa@ñ‰a…g@¿@ðŠ’jÛa@Þb½a@c‰@òîàäm@òàçbß.
(539) 2017 14
(540) 23 א
(541) אא. 352.
(542) -#$6 < @ T ZK Cm T jP( |9; [ , T 8
(543) ;! 6 D(E% j %3 ó Q - <N$% :B; ;TN$6 CTT3 9!( ?. # ! B% ,+K. 6 =; (P($ R% &'
(544) -zO b33+G} ¤(6 jP( @
(545) z Q- :348 B% ¤N;$ jP(%
(546) @N$%6 | QO =; (P($ [ ,T 8. @- iT;T@P "T ]% C T X! D96 ¤N;$ N3%
(547) \
(548) | QO − ;<9x$z s@K
(549) -#$; ¤N;$ 9; #PTS "( ,
(550) 6 8 N$ 7O )7(A ! <9P( <9% X! *x%
(551) Pô 3- "$6 ¤N;$ r J'
(552) | Q' −. ; 6 8 2TS%6 CTT3% 8
(553) N%6
(554) P([ #S D (E% 2(P(C B. D (E% ;$m B3 _ 27PF
(555) | Q' −. ;9- Z% ! 7 #- |
(556) P(% Y; _
(557) \~ z
(558) | Q' −. B3 í~ B;3%; ]P( Y;K# 7 (!' ~ =; jP(% #S
(559) @N$%6
(560) | QO − bõ bbb
(561) [ ,
(562) N$ |6 ,
(563) P7%
(564) ;
(565) P 7' @ @pbãbîjÛa@ÝîÜ¥ë@‹Ç@ZsÛbrÛa@szj¾a < ( 0 # 9gP :
(566) ( ]T Z; C' ? -
(567) ( GH%; Y.%K BNA #! −. b
(568) ( 7$( ;= ﺑ$ B3 ¤TZ6 ö
(569) \
(570) P$6 - #ZK
(571) [ ST%6 02 j Q 2.
(572) CO + $6 " #ZK ³ [ hT%6 :02 < (0.
(573) CO ) (Pp. 1 1. (Pp. 3. (Pp. ?- T; (Pp. 2. ?- T;. 4. (Pp. (Pp. $6 " #ZK. ³ [ hT%6. 0b598. 2b030. 0b452. 2b262. 0b454. 2b156. 0b389. 2b390. 0b649. 2b306. 0b531. 2b355. 0b561. 2b268. 0b384. 2b334. 7$ ﺑ. <N$%. jP(%.
(574) .
(575) -#$6 r %J.
(576) -#$6 (T.
(577) -#$6 PFT K.
(578) -#$6 ?S.
(579) -#$6 2 7'. bSPSS Y;K# C# ! 7X%! ¤^ 7 (!' =; :(6.
(580) %
(581) @N$%6 #@xN k¥O ³ [ hT%6 iI 02 < (0 ~ =; %P b0b454 µN $6 " #ZK i XJ ,
(582) ST%;
(583) K ]+ 2b156 (@ tZ ,
(584) 7$ ﺑ¤ =; &
(585) #6 B%^ jP(% ($ iI Ô %P " # ZK i X J ,2( PZ6 &' ] %
(586) S T%;
(587) K ] + 2b262 ³ [ h T%6 µ N ïÐîÜ(@óîÇ@N…ë@Lò퉅aìÓ@òzîi‰@N…@@@òϊȽa@ñ‰a…g@¿@ðŠ’jÛa@Þb½a@c‰@òîàäm@òàçbß.
(588) 353. 2017 14
(589) 23 א
(590) אא. . µ N ³ [ h T%6 i t ^
(591) K
(592) #6 B %^ < N$% ( $ i X J b0b452 µN $6 b0b598 µN $6 " #ZK i XJ ,2(PZ6 &' ]%
(593) K ]+ 2b030 2b334 (@ ]9-
(594) -#$6 2 7
(595) @N$%6 #@xN k¥O ³ [ hT%6 VW X- ; b0b384 µN $6 " #ZK i XJ ,2(PZ6 &' ]%
(596) ST%;
(597) K ]+
(598) K ] + 2b390 µ N
(599) -#$6 r %J ? N$%6 G H%N ³ [ h T%6 iI Ô %P ( $ * + B %^ ( ,0b389 µ N $6 " # ZK i X J ,
(600) @- T6 &' ] %
(601) $x #; ³ [ S T%; µ N ( @-
(602) -#$6 PFT K ( $ ; b
(603) -#$6 2 7' 7 $ ﺑt ^ = ; &
(604) #6 *+ ,0b531 µN $6 " #ZK i XJ ,
(605) @- T6 &' ]%
(606) $x #;
(607) K ]+ 2b355
(608) K ] + 2b306 ³ [ S T%; µ N ( @-
(609) -#$6 ( T ( $ ; b
(610) K
(611) #6 B %Ê N$C ; B %Ê N$C ; * + ,0b649 µ N $6 " #ZK i XJ ,2(PZ6 &' ]%
(612) ST%; &' ]%
(613) ST%;
(614) K ]+ 2b268 ³ [ ST%; µN (@-
(615) -#$6 ?S ($ ; b
(616)
(617) #6 b2G~
(618) #6 B%Ê N$C ; *+ ,0b561 µN $6 " #ZK i XJ ,2(PZ6 ( ZK B NA %~ z#x %~ B C = ; :
(619) ( z#- %~ −3 b
(620) -#$6 2 7' 8
(621)
(622) : ; %~ simple linear regression h b−2#3 4#- #. /0
(623)
(624) -#$6 2 7' 8 <N$% <+ P :&
(625) z#x Ø1−3
(626) ( oT% ; 0b000. &
(627) z#xN h (ZK
(628) |%K BNA :03 < (0
(629) T Z6 F. R2. R. 23b128. 0b378. 0b615.
(630) P#[
(631) C7 $#6 4T . i. 1. 2b183. (ZK. 38. 3b586. IS. 39. 5b768. k¥O. bSPSS Y;K# C# ! 7X%! ¤^ 7 (!' =; :(6. 2 7' G H%; < N$% B@% 6 G H%6 ¤ s
(632) i 03 < ( 0 = ; %P s T+ k% 0b05 =; B 0b000
(633) ( oT% ; 0b615 ,HN
(634) -#$6 8 27PF 9$%P <N$% 7 F XNJ £ R$ ,0b05 oT% ; (!
(635) .^'
(636) 7 T 7# _J ]+ 23b128 ,HN (
(637) T Z6 F
(638) i (0 ~ =; %P XJ ,
(639) -#$6 2 7'
(640) -#$6 2 7' 8 < N$% <+ P k% ,
(641) z#x )*+ T (JP ; T+
(642) (0 9% =; 2( wxP ; *+ 0b378 (P(Z% B;$; µN ,−2#3 4#-– #. /0
(643) b
(644) -#$6 2 7' % GH%6 =; % 37b8 G x 8 <N$% B@% 6 GH%6 b−2#3 4#- – #. /0
(645)
(646) -#$6 2 7' 8 jP(% <+ P :
(647) K
(648) z#x Ø2−3. ïÐîÜ(@óîÇ@N…ë@Lò퉅aìÓ@òzîi‰@N…@@@òϊȽa@ñ‰a…g@¿@ðŠ’jÛa@Þb½a@c‰@òîàäm@òàçbß.
(649) 2017 14
(650) 23 א
(651) אא.
(652) ( oT% ; 0b023. 354.
(653) K
(654) z#xN h (ZK
(655) |%K BNA :04 < (0
(656) T Z6 F 5b580. R2. R. 0b128. 0b358.
(657) P#[
(658) C7. $#6 4T . i. 1. 0b793. (ZK. 38. 5b030. IS. 39. 5b768. k¥O. bSPSSY;K# C# ! 7X%! ¤^ 7 (!' =; :(6. % G H%6 jP(% B@% 6 GH%6 ¤ s
(659) i 04 < (0 =; %P T + k % 0b05 = ; B 0b000
(660) ( oT% ; 0b358 , HN
(661) -#$6 2 7'
(662) T Z6 F
(663) , HN ,0b05 oT% ; ( !
(664) . ^'
(665) 7 $ z 7# s 2( w xP ; * + 0b128 ( P(Z% B ;$; µN ,
(666) (0 9% =; _J ]+ 5b580 =3P ! ,
(667) -#$6 2 7' % GH%6 =; %12b8 G x 8 <N$% B@% 6 GH%6 b−2#3 4#-– #. /0
(668)
(669) -#$6 2 7' 8 jP(% <+ P :
(670) z#x T
(671)
(672) -#$6 2 7' 8
(673) <+ :
(674) .#
(675) z#x Ø3−3 b−2#3 4#-– #. /0
(676) -#$6 2 7' 8 <+
(677) i ¤
(678) K &
(679) z#x ~ =;
(680) z#x −2#3 4#-– #. /0
(681)
(682) -#$6 2 7' 8 <N$% <+ P :K(C t^
(683) z#x −2#3 4# -– #. /0
(684)
(685) -#$6 2 7' 8 jP(% <+ P ,&
(686)
(687) -#$6 2 7' 8
(688) <+ :
(689) .#
(690) z#x B@K k% ,
(691) K T+ ,0b562 =PGH%6 =P*+ ¤ s
(692) ,HN t^ ,−2#3 4#-– #. /0 . = ; _ J ] + 17b560 F
(693) , HN X J ,0b05
(694) 7 oT% ; ( ! h T%; 7# s =; %31b6 i wxP ; T+ 0b316 µN (@- (P(Z% B;$; VW X- ,
(695) (0 9% b
(696) -#$6 2 7' &' C#
(697) 8
(698) N\[ GH%
(699) ( oT% ; 0b000.
(700) .#
(701) z#xN h (ZK
(702) |%K BNA :10 < (0
(703) T Z6 F. 17b560. R2. R. 0b316. 0b562.
(704) P#[
(705) C7. $#6 4T . i. 1. 1b823. (ZK. 38. 3b945. IS. 39. 5b768. k¥O. bSPSSY;K# C# ! 7X%! ¤^ 7 (!' =; :(6. ïÐîÜ(@óîÇ@N…ë@Lò퉅aìÓ@òzîi‰@N…@@@òϊȽa@ñ‰a…g@¿@ðŠ’jÛa@Þb½a@c‰@òîàäm@òàçbß.
(706) 355. 2017 14
(707) 23 א
(708) אא. . "#
(709) $%&
(710) '($
(711) : !
(712)
(713)
(714) :åP ;
(715) ( )*+ 9' ,N\T ]% Y.% <+ =; :'($
(716) *& ). :+
(717) '($
(718) −1. ;Tx% /% =! tZ
(719) ; 2 \
(720) i' −. ~ =; ,9' ¢%A ]%
(721) -#$6 ! 6 T^ iXz T+
(722) -#$6 2 7' =; "(> i' −. ,9; (x% i S%
(723) ÊÄ
(724) -#$; &' 7 #- T@! 8 2(C T%6
(725) "$6 BPTA %J. B$N ,
(726) 6 C
(727) -J 8 9$PFT + ,2ô (! 9!CQ 27!'
(728) -#$6 )*+ =P/Ó. ;õ bbb
(729) $;
(730) N3; B^ ,(P(C Y%; 8 ;' ,9; 27x% 9@S !. 93N%P ]% _ 96 "$6
(731) 8 =3
(732) D9; i' −. ~ = ;
(733) 6 B ~ 7
(734) -#$6 2 7'
(735) N! 8 <+ P ; T+ ,9;7@ D(! iXz , b9; 27x% "$6 )*+ ?S < ,9$PFT +K ,+(T ,"$6 r %J :,-
(736) '($
(737) −2. # gK
(738) 9C = ;
(739) % h T%; DX%+ f(
(740) ( Bp
(741) 6 i' − m ,f#P(; ;<N$% ,jP(% :
(742) 6 8 9%: j ^ k T% ! ]+ 9 7$ ﺑi. m − #gK
(743) 9C =; hT%; oT% ; T+
(744) ( Bp
(745) 6
(746) -#$6 2 7' ?S oT% ; i' m ,f#P(; ,
(747) -#$6 PFT K ,
(748) -#$6 r %J :9%: j ^ k T% ! ]+ 9 7$ ﺑi ;
(749) -#$6 ?S ,
(750) -#$6 (T.
(751) , HN t ^ ,−2#3 4#-– #. /0
(752)
(753) -#$6 2 7' 8 <N$% <+ P −. ;<N$% &' C#
(754) -#$6 2 7' 8
(755) N\[ GH% =; %35b8 i XJ b0b615 s B;$;
(756) , HN t ^ ,−2#3 4# -– # . /0
(757)
(758) -#$6 2 7' 8 jP(% <+ P −. ;jP(% &' C#
(759) -#$6 2 7' 8
(760) N\[ GH% =; %37b8 i XJ b0b358 s B;$; ,2#3 4#-– #. /0
(761)
(762) -#$6 2 7' 8
(763) <+ −. G H% = ; % 31b6 i Y. % # 9q X J b0b562 s B ;$;
(764) ,HN t^
(765) i b
(766) &' C#
(767) -#$6 2 7' 8
(768) N\[ b
(769) -#$6 2 7' 8
(770) N\[ GH% =; % 31b6 w:"#
Documents relatifs
Education France, Édition 2, 2009, page 87-91.. ﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝا ــﺔ ﰲ يﺮﺸﺒﻟا درﻮﳌا ةرادﻹ ةﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌا و ةﺪﻳﺪﳉا ﺔﻳواﺰﻟا زاﺮﺑإ ﻮﻫ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ فﺪﳍا نﺎﻛ ﺪﻘﻟ
cover as their food sources. We thereby assumed that the litter layer in ditches favours these insects. However, the surface of the ditch covered by vegetation and the vegetation
Murata, Relations among arithmetical functions, automatic sequences, and sum of digits functions induced by certain Gray codes, J. Tenenbaum, Sur la non-dérivabilité de
L’auteur de la Constitution d’Athènes ne laisse d’ailleurs aucune ambiguïté sur ce point : d’une part, il précise que Solon répartit le corps civique en quatre classes «
Image Restoration, Inverse Problems, Bi-convex Optimization, Bayesian Statistics, Generative Models, Variational Auto-encoders.. AMS
Table 4 depicts the results of running Cliffhanger on Application 19 when we use queues of 8000 items so that the hill- climbing algorithm gets stuck in the performance cliffs in
For a wall and a floor furnace controlled by shielded thermocouples, the results shown in Figure 13 indicate that in the first 8 min of fire exposure, the wall and floor
EPDnew relies on four pillars: (i) an MGA data reposi- tory which holds the primary experimental data; (ii) an automatic promoter assembly pipeline, which returns best