Entre muscle et nerf: comprendre la jonction neuromusculaire pour mieux comprendre le mouvement

(1)

HAL Id: inserm-03774979

https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-03774979

Submitted on 12 Sep 2022

HAL

is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire

HAL, est

destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

laure strochlic

To cite this version:

laure strochlic. Entre muscle et nerf: comprendre la jonction neuromusculaire pour mieux comprendre

le mouvement. The Conversation, 2022. �inserm-03774979�

(2)

"#9ÿ89$ÿ#%8ÿ89&

'()*+ÿ-.*/01230

4ÿ9$ÿ56ÿ8ÿ78$ÿ88

9:;<ÿ>?ÿ@A:BÿCDE:F?AGÿDÿ@F<;F<GÿH:?ÿI;:J?FÿKÿL?ÿM;<C>F?ÿJ?BE?ÿC;:Bÿ?BEÿB<ÿB<M@A?ÿH:N;CÿC?ÿFODA<B?ÿ@DB E;:E?ÿADÿMOPDC<H:?GÿEDCEÿM:BP:AD<F?ÿH:?ÿC?FQ?:B?GÿH:<ÿB?ÿPDPR?ÿ>?FF<SF?TÿUCÿCN?CÿFODA<B?ÿAN<M@;FEDCP?

H:?ÿA;FBH:N?AA?ÿB?ÿIF;:<AA?T

V;:BÿC;BÿM;:Q?M?CEBÿQ;A;CED<F?BÿE?ABÿH:?ÿADÿF?B@<FDE<;CGÿADÿMDFPR?GÿADÿ@DF;A?ÿ?EÿANDA<M?CEDE<;CGÿ?E

>;CPÿADÿ@A:@DFEÿ>?ÿC;BÿP;M@;FE?M?CEBÿ?EÿC;EF?ÿI<?CWXEF?Gÿ>O@?C>?CEÿ>:ÿI;CÿY;CPE<;CC?M?CEÿ>?ÿAD Z;C?ÿ@R[B<H:?ÿ;\ÿC?FYÿ?EÿM:BPA?GÿADÿ@?CBO?ÿ?EÿANDPE<;CGÿP;MM:C<H:?CEÿ]ÿ<AÿBNDJ<Eÿ>?ÿADÿ^;CPE<;C C?:F;M:BP:AD<F?ÿ_`abcGÿ<CE?FYDP?ÿ;\ÿA?BÿC?:F;C?Bÿ><EBÿdÿM;E?:FBÿeÿF?CP;CEF?CEÿA?BÿM:BPA?BÿH:<

@<A;E?CEÿAN<C<E<DE<;Cÿ?EÿA?ÿP;CEFfA?ÿ@FOP<Bÿ>:ÿM;:Q?M?CET

V;:Eÿ>[BY;CPE<;CC?M?CEÿD:ÿC<Q?D:ÿ>?ÿP?EE?ÿ^;CPE<;Cÿ@?:Eÿ?CEFDgC?Fÿ>?Bÿ@DER;A;J<?Bÿ<M@;FEDCE?BGÿD:h FO@?FP:BB<;CBÿ<MM?CB?BTÿi?P<ÿEDCEÿD:ÿC<Q?D:ÿ>?Bÿ<C><Q<>:BÿP;CP?FCOBÿH:?ÿ>?ÿADÿB;P<OEOÿ>DCBÿB;C

?CB?MIA?Gÿ?CÿFD<B;Cÿ>:ÿRDC><PD@ÿM;E?:Fÿ?CJ?C>FOÿ@DFÿADÿ@?FE?ÿ>?ÿM;I<A<EOGÿD<CB<ÿH:?ÿ>?BÿP;jEB R:MD<Cÿ?EÿOP;C;M<H:?ÿ<CROF?CEBT

"ÿ898ÿ89ÿÿÿ8ÿ9ÿÿÿ9ÿÿÿÿ8ÿk8ÿ89ÿl9m8ÿl8ÿ2ÿn999o

pq. +ÿ r)s02 +ÿ +. ÿ q+t ÿ u ÿ 0/rv+qw+ÿ 2 (ÿ x /q0. 3 /qÿ q+)/r)s0)2 (3 +

v/)ÿ r3 +)yÿ 0/rv+qw*+ÿ 2 +ÿ r/)z+r+q.

5k{6ÿ|ÿ9ÿ1311$ÿ13600ÿ}7n~

(3)

"#$%&ÿ()*ÿ#++)&,+)*ÿ()*ÿ%&)-.ÿ/01-%),+2)*3ÿ0,ÿ10%4+)ÿ-,)ÿ%#(#/&)ÿ#-+05&%%-,)ÿ#44)(2)

%6#*+72,&)3ÿ(#ÿ*1(2$0*)ÿ(#+2$#()ÿ#%60+$047&8-)ÿ90-ÿ%#(#/&)ÿ/)ÿ:7#$10+;ÿ)+ÿ(#ÿ<0,+)ÿ%-*1-(#&$)ÿ(&2)ÿ= (>?@)ÿ9*#$1042,&);ÿ8-&ÿ+0-17)ÿ1)++)ÿ<0&*ÿ+0-+)ÿ(#ÿ404-(#+&0,AÿB-+#,+ÿ/>#<<)1+&0,*ÿ8-&ÿ/0,+ÿ()*ÿ$)**0$+*

$)*+),+ÿ,0,ÿ$2*0(-*ÿ),ÿ4#$+&)ÿ),ÿ$#&*0,ÿ/-ÿ%#,8-)ÿ/)ÿ10,,#&**#,1)*A

C)*ÿ/2<#-+*ÿ/)ÿ10%%-,&1#+&0,ÿ),+$)ÿ,)$<ÿ)+ÿ%-*1()ÿ*0,+ÿ-,)ÿ/)*ÿ1#-*)*ÿ=ÿ1)*ÿ4#+70(0@&)*AÿD,ÿ*#&+ 8->)(()*ÿ*-$E&),,),+ÿ4$&,1&4#()%),+ÿ(0$*8-)ÿ()ÿ,)$<ÿ,)ÿ4#$E&),+ÿ4#*ÿ=ÿ2+#F(&$ÿ-,ÿ10,+#1+ÿ#E)1ÿ(#ÿ*-$<#1) /)*ÿ%-*1()*3ÿ%#&*ÿ&(ÿ).&*+)ÿ/>#-+$)*ÿ$#&*0,*ÿ=ÿ).4(0$)$ÿGÿ+0-+ÿ10%%)ÿ()*ÿ0$&@&,)*ÿ/)ÿ1)*ÿ#,0%#(&)*A BE)1ÿ,0+#%%),+ÿ40-$ÿ0FH)1+&<ÿ(#ÿ10,1)4+&0,ÿ/>04+&0,*ÿ+72$#4)-+&8-)*AÿI>&(ÿ),ÿ).&*+)ÿ/2H=ÿ1)$+#&,)*

40-$ÿ(>),*)%F()ÿ/)*ÿ4#+&),+*3ÿ()-$ÿ)<<&1#1&+2ÿ/)%)-$)ÿ),10$)ÿ(&%&+2)A

J&)-.ÿ10%4$),/$)ÿ()*ÿ%21#,&*%)*ÿ*0-*5H#1),+*ÿ=ÿ(#ÿ<0$%#+&0,ÿ)+ÿ#-ÿ%#&,+&),ÿ/)ÿ(#ÿH0,1+&0, ,)-$0%-*1-(#&$)ÿ+0-+ÿ#-ÿ(0,@ÿ/)ÿ(#ÿE&)ÿ)*+ÿ#&,*&ÿ)**),+&)(ÿ=ÿ(#ÿ10%4$27),*&0,ÿ/)ÿ(#ÿ@),K*)ÿ/)*

4#+70(0@&)*ÿ,)-$0%-*1-(#&$)A

L,ÿ$#&*0,ÿ/)ÿ*#ÿ*&%4(&1&+2ÿ$)(#+&E)3ÿ/)ÿ*#ÿ@$#,/)ÿ+#&(()ÿ)+ÿ/)ÿ*0,ÿ#11)**&F&(&+23ÿ(#ÿH0,1+&0,

,)-$0%-*1-(#&$)ÿ)*+ÿ-,ÿ%0/K()ÿ/)ÿ170&.ÿ40-$ÿ2+-/&)$ÿ10%%),+ÿ(#ÿ10%%-,&1#+&0,ÿ),+$)ÿ,)$<ÿ)+

%-*1()*ÿ)*+ÿ$2@-(2)ÿ40-$ÿ*0-*5+),/$)ÿ,0+$)ÿ1#4#1&+2ÿ=ÿ10,+$#1+)$ÿ,0*ÿ%-*1()*3ÿ=ÿF0-@)$ÿ,0+$)ÿ10$4*ÿ0-

*&%4()%),+ÿ=ÿ$)*4&$)$AÿM)*ÿ10,,#&**#,1)*ÿ)**),+&)(()*ÿ40-$ÿ10%4$),/$)ÿ10%%),+ÿ()ÿ*6*+K%)ÿ,)$E)-.

#**-$)ÿ()ÿ(&),ÿ),+$)ÿ()*ÿ4),*2)*ÿ)+ÿ()*ÿ#1+&0,*3ÿ),ÿ$)(#6#,+ÿ/)*ÿ%)**#@)*ÿ8-&ÿE06#@),+ÿ*&ÿE&+)ÿ8-)ÿ,0-*

,)ÿ()*ÿ$)%#$8-0,*ÿ%N%)ÿ4#*A

OPQQRSTÿ VPSWTXPSSRÿ Y Zÿ [ PSWTXPSÿ SR\]PQ\^W\Y ZX]R

:)++)ÿ_0,)ÿ/)ÿ10,+#1+ÿ),+$)ÿ,)$<ÿ)+ÿ%-*1()ÿ)*+ÿ10,*+&+-2)ÿ/>&,,0%F$#F()*ÿ`ÿ*6,#4*)*ÿa3ÿ0bÿ-,ÿ,)$<

2+#F(&+ÿ-,ÿ10,+#1+ÿ#E)1ÿ*#ÿ1&F()ÿ9-,ÿ#-+$)ÿ,)$<3ÿ0-ÿ&1&ÿ-,ÿ%-*1();Aÿc,)ÿ*6,#4*)ÿ*)ÿ/210%40*)ÿ), 4(-*&)-$*ÿ10%4#$+&%),+*ÿdÿ/)-.ÿ_0,)*ÿ4$2ÿ)+ÿ40*+5*6,#4+&8-)*3ÿ*24#$2)*ÿ4#$ÿ(#ÿ`ÿ<),+)ÿ*6,#4+&8-)ÿaA C#ÿF0,,)ÿ100$/&,#+&0,ÿ/)ÿ1)*ÿ)*4#1)*ÿ)*+ÿ1$-1&#()eÿ)+ÿ4#*ÿ*&ÿ2E&/),+)A

:#$ÿ()*ÿ%)**#@)*ÿ),E062*ÿ4#$ÿ()ÿ1)$E)#-ÿE06#@),+ÿ*0-*ÿ<0$%)ÿ/>&%4-(*&0,ÿ2()1+$&8-)ÿ()ÿ(0,@ÿ/)*ÿ,)$<*

%#&*ÿ/0&E),+ÿN+$)ÿ`ÿ+$#/-&+*ÿaÿ+)%40$#&$)%),+ÿ*0-*ÿ<0$%)ÿ17&%&8-)ÿ=ÿ17#8-)ÿ`ÿF&<-$1#+&0,ÿaÿG 17#,@)%),+ÿ/)ÿ,)$<ÿ0-ÿ4#**#@)ÿ/-ÿ,)$<ÿ#-ÿ%-*1()Aÿ:)++)ÿ+$#/-1+&0,ÿ*)ÿ<#&+ÿH-*+)%),+ÿ#-ÿ,&E)#-ÿ/)*

*6,#4*)*AÿB-ÿ,&E)#-ÿ/)ÿ(#ÿH0,1+&0,ÿ,)-$0%-*1-(#&$)3ÿ()ÿ%)**#@)$ÿ17&%&8-)ÿ8-&ÿ4)$%)+ÿ/)ÿ+$#,*%)++$) (>&,<(-.ÿ,)$E)-.ÿE)$*ÿ()*ÿ1)((-()*ÿ%-*1-(#&$)*ÿ)+ÿ/)ÿ/21(),17)$ÿ()ÿ%0-E)%),+ÿ)*+ÿ(>#12+6(170(&,)A

f0-+)ÿ4)$+-$F#+&0,ÿ/)ÿ1)++)ÿ100$/&,#+&0,ÿ+$#,**6,#4+&8-)ÿ),+$#g,)ÿ(#ÿ$-4+-$)ÿ4$0@$)**&E)ÿ/)*

10,,).&0,*ÿ#E)1ÿ/)*ÿ&%4#1+*ÿ%#H)-$*ÿ*-$ÿ()*ÿ<0,1+&0,*ÿ%0+$&1)*AÿC#ÿ/&<<&1-(+2ÿ0-ÿ(>&%40**&F&(&+2ÿ/- ,)$<ÿ=ÿ2+#F(&$ÿ-,ÿ10,+#1+ÿ#E)1ÿ()*ÿ$21)4+)-$*ÿ=ÿ(>#12+6(170(&,)ÿ(01#(&*2*ÿ=ÿ(#ÿ*-$<#1)ÿ/)*ÿ%-*1()*ÿ)*+ÿ-,) hÿ898ÿ8ÿ9ÿÿi8ÿjÿ88ÿ9ÿÿÿk889ÿ9ÿ8l89ÿm9n82o999p

(4)

"#$ÿ #&'($) ) $ÿ (&$ÿ +$ÿ ,&--'#,./&#ÿ -0$ÿ $#ÿ 1(*+$#,$

23ÿ567879:36ÿ53ÿ8:;<=ÿ>:3=8ÿ?@:>>;ABC=9ÿB=8858:7;=9ÿ=6ÿ?=ÿDA?E8=9ÿ=F>G;7D=36:5FHÿ3A6;=ÿGI57>=ÿ:ÿG65?7G 53=ÿ3A5J=88=ÿJA7=ÿ?=ÿBADD537B:67A3ÿ3=;KLD59B8=MÿNA59ÿ3A59ÿ9ADD=9ÿ6A56ÿ>:;67B587E;=D=36

736G;=99G9ÿOÿ53=ÿ>;A6G73=ÿ:>>=8G=ÿP:3<8QHÿ=F>;7DG=ÿ:5ÿ37J=:5ÿ?=ÿ8:ÿRA3B67A3ÿ3=5;AD59B58:7;=M

NA59ÿ:JA39ÿDA36;GHÿ?:39ÿ3A6;=ÿ?=;37E;=ÿG65?=ÿ>5S87G=ÿ8=ÿTUÿD:7ÿQVQQHÿI5=ÿB=66=ÿ>;A6G73=ÿRA5=ÿ53ÿ;W8= B;767I5=ÿOÿ8:ÿKA79ÿ:5ÿBA5;9ÿ?5ÿ?GJ=8A>>=D=36ÿ=DS;XA33:7;=ÿY:5ÿDAD=36ÿ?=ÿ8:ÿKA;D:67A3ÿ?=ÿ8:ÿRA3B67A3 3=5;AD59B58:7;=ZÿD:79ÿ:5997ÿ:5ÿ96:?=ÿ:?586=Hÿ>A5;ÿD:736=37;ÿ9A3ÿKA3B67A33=D=36ÿ3A;D:8Mÿ[:39ÿ3A9 DA?E8=9ÿ?=ÿ9A5;79Hÿ3A59ÿ:JA39ÿ3A6:DD=36ÿ?GBA5J=;6ÿI5=ÿ8@:S9=3B=ÿ?=ÿP:3<8Qÿ?:39ÿ8=9ÿD59B8=9ÿ:J:76 53ÿ7D>:B6ÿ?G8G6E;=ÿ95;ÿ8:ÿ6;:39D7997A3ÿ?=9ÿD=99:<=9ÿ:5ÿ37J=:5ÿ?=ÿ8:ÿRA3B67A3ÿ3=5;AD59B58:7;=Hÿ=6

=3<=3?;:76ÿ?=9ÿ?GK7B769ÿ?=ÿ8:ÿKA3B67A3ÿDA6;7B=ÿBC=\ÿ8=9ÿ:37D:5FM

]=ÿI57ÿ3A59ÿ:ÿ>=;D79ÿ?@7?=367K7=;ÿP:3<8QÿBADD=ÿ53ÿ:B6=5;ÿB8Gÿ?:39ÿ8:ÿD79=ÿ=3ÿ>8:B=ÿ?=9ÿ9X3:>9=9MÿNA9

;G9586:69ÿGB8:7;=36ÿG<:8=D=36ÿ8=9ÿDGB:379D=9ÿDA8GB58:7;=9ÿ9A59^R:B=369ÿOÿ8@:99=DS8:<=ÿ?=ÿ8:ÿ_N`ÿ=88=^

DaD=M

bA56=9ÿB=9ÿ3A5J=88=9ÿ?A33G=9ÿA36ÿ53ÿ736G;a6ÿKA3?:D=36:8Hÿ>A5;ÿBAD>;=3?;=ÿBADD=36ÿ8:ÿRA3B67A3 3=5;AD59B58:7;=ÿ:BI57=;6ÿ9:ÿDA;>CA8A<7=ÿBAD>8=F=ÿcÿD:79ÿ=88=9ÿ?=J;:7=36ÿ:5997ÿ>=;D=66;=ÿ8=

?GJ=8A>>=D=36ÿ?=ÿ3A5J=88=9ÿB7S8=9ÿ6CG;:>=567I5=9ÿ>A5;ÿBADS:66;=ÿ8=9ÿD:8:?7=9ÿ3=5;AD59B58:7;=9 B:59G=9ÿ>:;ÿ9=9ÿ?X9KA3B67A33=D=369M

defghÿjkÿlmÿmmmÿnkopkqfhÿrstpÿostruvtokÿwÿnvÿtkxhnkppkfÿjkÿyzkÿ{st|kfhvpustÿ}sqfÿ~ukqÿos~}fktjfk nkhÿfvtjhÿktkqÿjqÿ~stjkÿsttk|sqhÿvqsqfjzqu

$0ÿ .) ,./&#0ÿ /1.$'/'$0ÿ ÿ ($#

:ÿ>;A6G73=ÿP:3<8Qÿ>A5;;:76ÿ=3ÿ=KK=6ÿBA396765=;ÿ53=ÿ3A5J=88=ÿB7S8=ÿ>A5;ÿ8:ÿBA3B=>67A3ÿ?=ÿ96;:6G<7=9 6CG;:>=567I5=9ÿ733AJ:36=9ÿJ79:36ÿOÿ;G6:S87;ÿ8=9ÿ:3AD:87=9ÿ?=ÿ8:ÿRA3B67A3ÿ3=5;AD59B58:7;=ÿ7D>87I5G=9

?:39ÿ?7J=;9=9ÿ>:6CA8A<7=9ÿ3=5;AD59B58:7;=9Mÿ3=ÿ>796=ÿ9=;:76ÿJ7:ÿ8:ÿDA?58:67A3ÿ?=ÿ8:ÿJA7=ÿ?=

97<3:879:67A3ÿ:99AB7G=ÿOÿP:3<8Qÿ>A5;ÿ;=96:5;=;ÿ8:ÿ>=;6=ÿ?=ÿBA33=F7A39ÿ9X3:>67I5=9ÿ?:39ÿ53ÿBA36=F6=

>:6CA8A<7I5=M

3=ÿ:56;=ÿ>796=HÿI5=ÿ3A59ÿ>A5JA39ÿ=F>8A;=;ÿ<;B=ÿOÿ8:ÿ6;:39J=;9:876Gÿ?=ÿ3A6;=ÿGI57>=Hÿ9=;:76

8@7?=367K7B:67A3ÿOÿBA5;6ÿA5ÿDAX=3ÿ6=;D=ÿ?=ÿD56:67A39ÿ?:39ÿ8=ÿ<E3=ÿBA?:36ÿ8:ÿ>;A6G73=ÿP:3<8Qÿ?:39ÿ?=9 BACA;6=9ÿ?=ÿ>:67=369ÿ:66=7369ÿ?=ÿ>:6CA8A<7=9ÿ<G3G67I5=9ÿ3=5;AD59B58:7;=9ÿ?A36ÿ8:ÿB:59=ÿ;=96=ÿ3A3 7?=367K7G=M

@:KK=B67A3ÿ>;73B7>:8=ÿBA3B=;3G=ÿ>:;ÿB=9ÿ;=BC=;BC=9ÿ=96ÿ8:ÿDX:96CG37=ÿBA3<G376:8=HÿD:8:?7=ÿ<G3G67I5=ÿ

;:;=ÿ:KK=B6:36ÿ8:ÿ6;:39D7997A3ÿ3=5;AD59B58:7;=MÿA5;ÿB=66=ÿD:8:?7=Hÿ78ÿXÿ:ÿ=3J7;A3ÿÿÿ?=ÿ>:67=369ÿI57 3@A36ÿ>:9ÿ?=ÿ?7:<3A967BÿDA8GB58:7;=ÿY8=ÿ<E3=ÿ=3ÿB:59=ÿ3@=96ÿ>:9ÿBA335ZM

(5)

"#$ÿ&'()'*$ÿ'+,-.$+$ÿ/,0$ÿ1#$ÿ/(2,.0#$ÿ/#3',.#04ÿ,3(.'ÿ50ÿ.2&,14ÿ6ÿ&-5$ÿ-(0)ÿ4#'2#ÿ$5'ÿ-, 1(2&'+7#0$.(0ÿ/#$ÿ2+1,0.$2#$ÿ8(0/,2#04,59ÿ'+)5-,04ÿ-:+4,;-.$$#2#04ÿ#4ÿ-#ÿ2,.04.#0ÿ/#$

1(00#9.(0$ÿ#04'#ÿ-#$ÿ0#'8$ÿ#4ÿ-#$ÿ25$1-#$ÿ4(54ÿ,5ÿ-(0)ÿ/#ÿ-,ÿ3.#<ÿ=-$ÿ&(5'',.#04ÿ8(5'0.'ÿ/#ÿ0(53#--#$

&#'$&#14.3#$ÿ47+',&#54.>5#$ÿ&(5'ÿ-#$ÿ2,-,/.#$ÿ7+'+/.4,.'#$ÿ(5ÿ,1>5.$#$ÿ','#$ÿ>5.ÿ,88#14#04ÿ-#$

1(00#9.(0$ÿ0#5'(25$15-,.'#$?ÿ,.0$.ÿ>5:,./#'ÿ-#ÿ/+3#-(&&#2#04ÿ/#ÿ0(53#--#$ÿ47+',&.#$ÿ'+)+0+',4.3#$

&(5'ÿ-#$ÿ-+$.(0$ÿ0#'3#5$#$<