HAL Id: inserm-03774979
https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-03774979
Submitted on 12 Sep 2022
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laure strochlic
To cite this version:
laure strochlic. Entre muscle et nerf: comprendre la jonction neuromusculaire pour mieux comprendre
le mouvement. The Conversation, 2022. �inserm-03774979�
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