Structuring distributed applications as fragmented objects

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(1)Structuring distributed applications as fragmented objects Mesaac Makpangou, Jean-Pierre Le Narzul, Marc Shapiro, Yvon Gourhant. To cite this version: Mesaac Makpangou, Jean-Pierre Le Narzul, Marc Shapiro, Yvon Gourhant. Structuring distributed applications as fragmented objects. [Research Report] RR-1404, INRIA. 1991. �inria-00075156�. HAL Id: inria-00075156 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00075156 Submitted on 24 May 2006. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

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(250) QD4G3A 80 >GK%; KD ` C *C T DK@BD EA ;"C=C@ D Q<?;"G3/D ,0/<?>

(251) > QD DK@L; ( A D 8"0P = > G %; > DK@**C +O A ?G34A 0.OA @B>

(252) #6 GA <?D4tC 0.A DKG@ 5{;"G3D /AB>#*C K_D @ D A ,G D A 8" ==>"@*ABH=: D %< D %8D A >"L@ !pODK]D =~ # =@BD / " / & 0( LA .; >

(253) QD G3-A N3 ABH; 5~@L; #%D A D C @BDK<=@ /D OD AL;4 A > <"Mx3A FG3> %<?> QD4C(%> 5l. M;. P QDKA*>%5D D%DAL;4@ %>

(254) QD4G3A 80t A? 032#4 56879 ; 8":[;GIHQ5~@ ;%# DEAg-#;4<=<?D4C N3 A

(255) H #>

(256) %>=D*>5A H=DL#;* ;"CJCE@ DQ<?;"GpD/>DK@ ;<=<?D4C%A H=DE= > " P ,G D ExA A DKG@ 5{;"G3D "'/HJD = > s W EABDK@ 5{;G3FD .<=@ /D OD A D4C]A >]D ;"GLH,G DA- ; ABH=D*

(257) <

(258)

(259) G EABDK@ 5{;G3D.> 5D; >GK; Y5~@ %; #%D A " gP i EABDK@ 5{;G3D ?DKGA N/D D 5~@L; #%4D E?A ,0=G %; D4C A 52!>

(260) %9 ;<72 034C"7 " f_> NDK @ 67 D 4D )QH?;@BD4 C = > 35~>"@G3> ]

(261) GK;4 A > D A NDKD Q5~@ %; # D E?A ,0[G %; D4C. C>9 9 7!C"; ,7 >@%A7!C"; 8" ;"C=C A ><0?;?@ %9 = %9 5cA D @5{;"GpD*;% >NgFG, DA

(262) AB>?C%A >rABH=DE= >. " ==>"@A H=D#>< D @L;A

(263) # OABD\0-;\= > ; #@ > =< >%5 D D DEA ;@ >

(264) QD G3A 8 0)N3 A H ;8G3>%> A D @ 6{;"C=CE@BD G6;Q<?;"GpD$Gp>F

(265)

(266) GK;4A >$<=@ D#"D" '/HJD<=@ * D#D\ GLH=D4G RD4C * ABH=D]<=@ AD#G3>=D4G3AD#>

(267) QD4GpA ,03 %<

(268) D4(DABD4C` A H=D}G

(269) Q A D\l D"u#

(270) "?G3>F

(271)

(272) GK;A >%GLH?;%=D80E>@-QH?;@BD4C%D%>@ r@ D4# >.," M;%ABH=D*@ DQAF>%5ABH

(273) FGLH?;<JA DK@40*N/D CED,_.=DL%>@ D.<J@ D4G,+O D r A H=DG3>.O AB@ ? GpA ># >%5 ; = > "=~ @?OABN/DxOHJ>%N8HJ>%N ;G, DA ;GKG3DOD ;D= > !pO D4G3A > " R%&?")/' H=D4O D4GpA > ". 7. /. //.

(274)

(275) (. T.

(276). . . address space A client 1. foo(). client 2. bar() bar(). address space B. fragmented object. foo() bar() client 3. address space C. /. =~# =@ D " RlP 5~@L;#%DA D C(>

(277) QD4GpA';gODKD5~@B> ,G DA . bar(). bar(). foo() fragment. fragment. address space A address space B connective object fragment fragment. fragmented object. foo() bar() address space C. //. =~# =@ D " lXP 5~@ ;%# D EABD4C(>

(278) QD4G3AF;QDKD A?H%<

(279) DDA >@.

(280)

(281)

(282).

(283)

(284) . 5. . . A ;%RDF;: >>R ;4A0ABH=DL;@ > .3A D @5{;"GpD

(285) >5A H=DE= > " X D4GpA > / "N7FOHJ>%NgFH=>NSG3>

(286) 6 =D G3 A D.>

(287) QD4GpA F;@BDL .OD4Cj"B=~?; 0*NDDQ<?D4;%R ;D

(288) A';%?> =A A H=DL

(289) ?C*#r<=@ >A >G3> !pOD4G3A > / " T & " .

(290) . . . '/H=D ;%.QA @L;G3A3A D @5{;"GpDF>%5;D= > <=@ > CED4CrA >FQ>%D G, DA);D >GK;tA D @5{;"GpD 5~@ ;%# DEA>%5 A H?;4A= > "P 5~@L;#%D4EAF%; >@LC* ?;@ >GK;%.>

(291) QD4G3A4" MxA <

(292)

(293)

(294) G E ABDK@{5 ;G3D ;/:?D- * >R D4C: >GK;2")/' H=DG, DAGK;iJ>"A'C*+OA

(295) # OH] D ANDKDA H=D E ABDK@{5 ;G3D.>%5 A H=D-~5 @L;#% D4E A4E0 ;? C+ABH?;A'>%-5 A HJDD= > A Q DT5 " == >"@C.Q AL;? G3DJ0 ; "! $#&%*>

(296) QD4G3A40* <

(297) D D ABD4CD* ;rG3D A @ ;%j# ;% tQ DK@ D @0 GK;% ?D-# ;CED';"G G3D G

(298) Dr<=@B>%1 D/ D1 < >@ ABD4C(A >E .O D @ ," PO# ;

(299) .Q DK@BN3 ABH= >:Q <?D4G, ; R= >N3 D4C"# D\N3 ? C A > ;<?;4@ A G,

(300) ;@# ; >1j

(301) 0 ABH=D GK;' A H=D '#)( *! >"@ ( ,+,-.( /! )% DKABH=>C

(302) / 0/>%5 H

(303) +H >GK;[ <=@ >1" /' H=DB E ABDK@{5 ;G3D <=@B>% CD4C.A > ;0G, D A?>%5 ;g= > [ CD,_.= D4C-*;'G3> A @ ;"G3A40 D= @

(304) # ABH?;A.D4 DK@ DKA H=>C AgN3 ~ * >R Dc+ D8_ D G3A DF% < D D A D C*#ABH=DF= > "./' H=D G, D AFD1 <?D4G3A ;O <?D4G,K_ Gc E ABDK@{5 ;G3D?^ A H=DF= > <=@B>% CD0 A H ;A*G, D A3N3 ABHi;%<=@ >1 <?>O D

(305) %# A HH A D @{5 ;"GpD&18" == >"@C.Q AL;? G3D0 ;c~5 @L;#% D4E ABD4C 2! #&%LN3 ? DE1 <?>@ A0 A >E A >N3= DK@/D4=1 G, . D2"0 ; <=@B>1* ; >N3

(306) *# A >3( 4+,-.( D B ;%"# D/," > ABH=DK@B .O D @ N3

(307) # DKA; 5#)(~6 >

(308) r <=@ >1" MxA +t= <*A >FA HJDm~5 @ ;%#% D A D4C3# ;% ?>01 AB>'GIHJD4G{FR ABH=DB CED4E A AGF >%J5 A H=Do .O DK@4" P.G G3>"@ C*

(309) #0 A <=@ > CED/ ABH=DH .Q DK@)N3 A H;% ;4<=<=@B>"<=@ ;ABD E ABDK@{5 ;G3D;%? C: <

(310) D D A ;A >* >%5 ABH?;A E ABDK@{5 ;G3D" MxA-+WJ <AB>+ABH=DG3>% <

(311) DK@ ;%? C]A H=D@

(312) 6 A% DA > DK@T57}x! ;7 CD G3@?D4C\}Q D4G,6 A >i T

(313) " *g0 GLH?;<=ABDK@*T*'& A H ;A*A H=D;G3A ;%B A DK@G{5 ;"G3D G3>~5 >"@ M AB>#A H=Dr>= D(D4E1 <?D4G3ABD4C %A HJDG8 D4E A4" /' H=DL E ABDK@{5 ;G3D.>%-5 A HJDc~5 @L;#% D4E A>% DK@ F A @ ;%.Q <?;@BD? G, >%5 ABH=DC*Q A @

(314) =A ># AB>%; G, D A " P % D A H=>C >/5 ABH=DD~5 @L;#% D4E A3 E ABDK@{5 ;G3DrGK;\?DrDE A @BD % <

(315) D( D4E ABDKC ABH=D-~5 @L;%#% D AH A O D4T5E0 >@3 A'GK; AB@ #"# DK@3 * >G ;A >./ AB>r>"ABH=DK@3~5 @L;%#% D A 8". ' &+ . $ " !$ (. + * <!$ (. + *. ' &+ . ) $. 87. 6879:;9

(316) <>=@?BABCED8=FA'?8CHGJI=@9&<:;KD@CMLNL;=/OCQP4R8S*THUV:;93W;X*Y[Z]\F^B<IC*_àJLbOcL;aD@CHLdOCM< C$efCH94Ohg?>aiDj=@KkK D8aEIQgl<8CH<k:;aJ9KL;aD@CHL;L;_&e4aJ?=@L;Kk=FA'aJ?kmnCH? Oh<k`$=@IoA'aE?g?>aiDj=@KkK>:N9$Gp<>aq?>=@IaJ<k=rA'? CMGEIQ=@9&<kK/\Fsn=@IQaE<>= D8aEIQItl9:bD@CM<k:;aE9u=@9&< CM:NL;KvIqCH?>Kk`4CML;LN:;9G&wHl9$IxCM?kKk`,CHL;L;:29Gd:;9&yEaD@CM<k:;aE9zg4CH?8CHIQ=@<k=@?>Kf:;9&<ka&w*A'?>aEI{CnD8aJIt| Itl9:bD@CM<k:;aE9IQ=@KkK8CHGJ=E\f7~}8:NKKkg,=/D8:bCHLfD@CMKk=zaHAfCg?ka* _&eEg,=@?]A'aE?>I:;9G9aL;aD@CHL$g?kaD8=@K>Kk:;9G,eCH94O ?k=/Oil4D8=/Oh<kat<>`=D8aEIQItl9:bD@CH<>:;aE9A'l$94D8<k:;aJ9W *Zk\ [7xj5iS*z:NKCFg$?kaD8=/O&l$?k=VCMKkKkaD8:bCM<k=/Omn:;<>`CM9aJE8=/D8<*\d^B9cnVe$I=@<>àO&KCH?>=CHL;KkatD@CHL;L;=/O x[t [Rd@&4jB'SH&}@\ *=CMLNL;aHm{Oi:2.=@?>=@9&<D8L;:N=[9

(317) <>K<>aVK>=@=xOi:2.=@?>=@9&<n:N9&<>=@?BACJD8=@Kz<kat<k`$=K8CHIQ=fF\.

(318) 6.

(319) (. .

(320). . . . J. '/H=D G3> G3@ DKABDF@ DK<J@ DQDEA ;A >r>5g;E= > ~5~@L;#%D4EABD4C7>ODD @L;%J;"CJCE@ DHQ<?;"G3D/," '/H=DF% < DDA >@'G3> CDK@ *G3@ A D @ ;] ?GLHi;.<=@B>"A D G3A ><0[D G, D4?G, ;%?Ci;;% 6 ;% AG0 AB>CED G, CED A H=D C*+O A @

(321) JA >. >% 5 A H=D~5 @L;#% D4EA?," '/H=D <

(322) DDAQ>"@*H?; 57

(323) ? G3> A @B>? > DK@ ABH=Dv~5 @ ;%#% D AL;A >r >%g5 CJ;AL;;%% >

(324) #-~5 @L;#% D A 8"0 A HJD3 >GK; ;A > ;% C % > D D, AF>%5C~5 @L;%#% D A D~! D"$#"tQ "# @L;4A

(325) %# A HJDQ& 0 ;% CA H=D G3>>< D @L;A > <=@B>"A >Gp>C!J#GIHJ>>

(326) # ;% ;<=<J@ >"<J@ ;4A D G3>

(327) J D4G3A D.>

(328) QD G3A,&?" P ~5 @ ;%# DE A4s B A DK@G{5 ;"G3D-+F C* CD4C# ABH=@ DKD C*Q A G3AF<?;@BA 8l. ABH=D) @ %Cc! >@.G8 D4EA8&~ EABDK@5{;G3D*G3>EA ;% .H%DKABH=>C

(329) F;"G G3D G

(330) D-#G, DA ,^. 5~AB@BH=> D 2N3 3A 4H

(331) ;< 7g+ABH=A DKD-@G5{5~@L;";G3#D:%+.DG3A>^ %<?>OD C >%5gA D @ ?;~%D A H=>C

(332) 80g;"GKG3D/

(333) D>

(334) . AB= H=> D 5; 2!r>

(335) ; FNFH=A > D @}D 5{;"!JGppD*" D "(G3> NF

(336) H <= GL @ H +OD GK/; ABH=?D>QDD%DK> ABRH=D4>CiC

(337) 3@ D NF%H

(338) > GLA HD i;@B5~DD@B> A D >"@ ?ABH=;DK[D@ A >5~@LA ; H=#D 6 %4D E?A {& " ==>@i .OA %; ?GpD 0.G3> . CEDK@%ABH=\ D

(339) < D D AL;4 A > %> 5 ;@ DK

(340) < GK;4A D4C _ D ! ]; +; = > "w[

(341) ;GIHi@ D

(342) < GK;(Gp> .Q A A =A /D 7 ; 5~@ %; # D E|A !;OD FD =~# =@ D / "87z& "F'/H=D ,G D A EABDK @ 6 5{;"GpDA > ! D+ @BD4G3>"@ *C 67?;QD4tC l$%3&, $% *J# $% $ ( 0 $ + !, $% *J# $% $ (?0 ,+ + (#"+ + # (

(343) ")'/H=3 D #@ > =:< A DKG@ 5{;"G3CD g*C T DK@BD A 0 4D

(344) #- >G R*67?;QD4tC lV(.- :!+ + ,! # * +BMn# ,! # *,+ (8"D=(# J@ D / " T OHJ%> Ng.ABH=DrCED ,G ;4@L;A > .0%> 5 A

(345) H +0D 1J%; %< D ]A H=D = >ca %; # ?; #"D "F9F D N3 D 1

(346) < ; ]A HJD G*AL; 1 %> 5'AB

(347) H - %;

(348) # ?%; #D }QD4G3 A > i

(349) T " / 0 GLH?;<=ABDK@F

(350) T " ;M A H=D u!

(351) D 1J%;

(352) < D 04; ABH= D (.- <%D A H=>

(353) C [%> 5 A H=D@ DK

(354) < GK; [G3> O A A =ABD/ABH=HD #@ > J< A D @ 5{;"GpD0> 5 ABH=D 5~@L; #%4D EABD4C(>

(355) QD G3A "o'/H=D*A <?D 6{GIH=D {G R

(356) # %> 5-A H=L D #"@B> =< EABDK@ 5{;G3D D .G =@ /D HOAB@ >

(357) # *6~GA E<?D4CG3> ]

(358) GK;4 A > .< D A NDKD :5~@L; #%D A 8")A> F

(359)

(360) GK;A > ?DKGA N/DK4D 5~@L; #%D A BFGK;4@ @ D4C%> JA #G3>

(361) =D4G3A D'>

(362) QD4GpA ,". . r . r. PSG3>=D4G3AD'>

(363) QD4G3A3+~G .OA';=>"ABH=DK@x= > ;A ;D >N/D @3 DD?>5;.OAB@L;"GpA ><" '/HJD %2> OA <J @ ] A DG3>

(364) =D4G3A D>

(365) QD4G3A?;@ D'A HJD'G3>F

(366)

(367) GK;A >7>

(368) QD4G3A?~6 <

(369) D %D A D4-C rA H=xD OABD \0N3 ABH#; _.1ED tC 0<=@ D4C,D _.=D4:C A D @ 5{;"GpD "gP )A .OA %; A ; A > A %D 0J;(<= @ A D G3> ]

(370) Gp; A > %>

(371) QD4G3A GIHJD4{G R/A H ;A.ABH=DrG3>

(372) =D4GpA D4C#D ?

(373) C .;4@ D =/CM9:;9G!#"$t% :;KnCFI=@<>àOF< C&& :;9GF9at:;9gl<ug4CM? CHIQ=@<k=[?/eCH9,Ot?k=[<kl?>9:;9GqCr?k=@K>lL;<naHA)<B_

(374) g,= #"' ()#%+*-,.#/ 01"r< C&J=@KCF:;9gl<zg4CH?8CHI=[<k=@?zaHA <B_&g,=23"4' ()3%$efCH9,O?k=@<>l?k9$K9a?>=@Kkl$LN<5*768""59t<8C&E=[KCH9 :;9&<k=@GJ=@?ng4CH?8CHIQ=@<k=@?D[CHL;L;=/O;:(<6 / 01/ (+&= \ >4n? `=@?>=:;K 9$at9=@=/OQA5aE?nC@" 01ACuB aEg,=@? CM<k:;aE9:"AED-F ":;KA'lL;L;_t?k=@gL;:bD@CM<k=/O.\.

(375)

(376).

(377)

(378) . read() seek(). . write(). read(). write(). seek(). replica 1. replica 2 put(). put(). put(). put(). site A. site C multicast channel put() put() replica 3 file read(). seek(). write(). site B. / 87. =~ # =@BD " *lk'/H=D-5~@L;#%D4EABD4C(@ D <=@ DQDAL;A >%>%5;@BDK<

(379) GK;4A D4C _ D. 'Q L.

(380) !#"$%&(')+*-,.&/013254 6 798;:=<?>A@CB D. BE$FGIH)J. K&(')L

(381) MONP254 6PN

(382) QL;R&( 6Y4[Z \]. STURV

(383) VXW D. Q O L . GiIjk:l<5m. o. E. r. 798;:=<?>wb. Cz. s. Q 4 O 4 z. K&(')c51de f"( L"$#&

(384) Ng h. >^<?_`T$a(SCb. jpaq. F. F. i. i. jpatqaq#m. n J. n J. ruE. E v5n J. . K&(')x"(R&;yN . jaqatqRm|{%B. F s. atq}{%B. F s {. n J. H)J. / H0D4G, ;@L;4A >#>%5 ! W #A H=DE= >ca. =~# =@ D " T

(385) l. ;

(386) # ?;#"D.

(387) O.

(388) (. .

(389). . CEDKD4C ;% >N/D CA > G3>

(390) GK;4A D C* @BD4G3A0B;" D"ABH?;A%ABH=D ;4@ DQ5~@ ;%# DEA?>%5; ;%DL= > " A >F

(391)

(392) G ;A > >

(393) QD4GpA Q <

(394) DD8EA%ABH=D ?;G G G3>

(395) GK;4A > 5{;"G8 A D,0 GIHi;. G3>]

(396) Gp;A >#<=@B>"A >Gp>:!~D"$#" @BD%>"ABD*<=@ >G3D C* =@ DG ;%p0_;?GLH=@ >=> . @ D4% >"ABDF<=@ >G3D C*= @ D GK;;0 <?;@ ;% D? @ D >"A DF<J@ >G3D4C =@ D GK;% ;0%57 ?G3A >?;?@ D%>A DF<=@B>6 G3D4C= @ D*G ;%pE0 DKA G"T&?=0 GK;GIHJD

(397) #E0 @BDK<

(398) GK;A ><E0 >@F>"A [email protected]O AB@

(399) =A >% <?> G8 D8" /' HJD0AG < D/ >g5 <?;@ ;%% D A DK@?~r ABH=D# @ >= < A D @{5 ;"GpDF>%[5 ABH=Dx= <?DK@ >"@V= > # ;D?D A >AL;]

(400) = @ D4 ;ABD4C%A >rABH=DD E ABDK@{5 ;G3D.>%-5 A HJDGp>

(401) = D G3A D.>

(402) QD4GpA"B/' H

(403) +H= D4G3D AL;ABD ;@ Q H?;%

(404) #*U4

(405)

(406) # ;4@ O H ;%

(407) #2% A <?D#G3>DK@ G, >.,i " :FDKA J @

(408)

(409) # AB>]A H=D%D4=1 ;% <

(410) D>%5 A HJDF@ DK<

(411) GK;4A D4C ! 0=~#= @ D " .Q A @L;4A Dg A H

(412) +m+ G= D")/' HJD# @ >J < A DK@G{5 ;"G3D>%5 A H=D ! g= > A H=Dp(.- )% D A H=>Ct"o[ ;"GLH * >GK;4A > >%5 (.- o# ;<. >E AB>r; ;A*>= DrD? C >F5 A HJDrA @L;.O <?>@ ArGp>F

(413)

(414) GK;4A > GIH?;

(415) = D- ;% C; ;A A HJD+>A H=D @rD? Ct" /' H=D < ,! # ,+ <?;@ ;%% DKABDK@D Q ADF .O AE D G3>DK@ G3D4C` E AB>]A H=D 0CJ;AL;4AGE <?D"-A > DK@?O D ?0 ; )+v ;<=<?D4C%> A > ;%\= < GK;[ A > (.,! # ,+ n# ,! # 4+ ?". . . /5. . !+ * 1( ' "#& $ *"-' "!!& , ( #+ * BM * (. ' #!& ,( $% *-' :!& (. put (pos,block). put (pos,block). send(msg). recv(msg) send(msg). . endpoint. endpoint. recv(msg). site A site C. recv(msg). endpoint send(msg). multicast channel. put (pos,block) site B. /5. =~# =@ D " lXM;>GK;A >. Gp>DK@LG, >.. > = @-A <?D6p ;/~5 DA @BD4;A% DA[>%5jA DK@6 <J@ >"AB>G3> 6J ;DK@gG3>DK@ G, >D<57 =@ ABH=DK@-CEDKAL; D4C QD4G3A >#T

(416) " *0?GLH?;<JA DK@FT". 87.

(417) .

(418)

(419) . : . ~ . .QA;;%>"@ C*?;4@ >

(420) QD4G3Ao .QA~?D3 .OA ;%A ;4A D4CD?D,5~>@ D3 .QD0;.G, DA~F .QAY_?@?OA AB>#;F= > "j' >%@BDy= DO A';GKG3D AB>O >% D*<?;@BA G,

(421) ;4@-= > 0 ABH=DrG8 D4E AC >R DF ;

(422) ? C*

(423) ( # <J@ >G3D4C= @ D0 ;O >G, ;ABD4CQN3 ABH A HJDAGE <?D>%5 ABH=DD1 <?D4G3ABD4C A DK@G{5 ;"G3D"V/' H

(424) <=@B>G3D4C*J @ Dr@ D A = @.. ;%<=@ >1"L/' H=DF

(425) C*

(426) # <=@ >G3D C*= @ D:+0 <=@B>"# @ ;% DK@ {6 CED,_.J D4C 8" 'BE <

(427) GK;% 0 A3N3 >"<?D ;(G3>

(428) = D4GpA >% A >>"ABH=DK@H~5 @ ;%# DE A?," /' H=D: % <

(429) D( D4E AB>"@F>%5 ;= > ;/# @BD > ;iG

(430) Q A D]x6 CED8_.= D4C

(431) ? CDK@0( GIHi; P.N X PDs % & 0)F N H

(432) GLH # ;% E A ;% .-# ;<=<

(433) #2 >%5x A DK@G{5 ;"G3D#CD G3@ <=A >. A> Q DK@ DK@?,"E/' H=D]O AL;? C=;4@LC\

(434) ? C

(435) ## <=@B>G3D4C*= @BD:i P.N X P + AB> G3> AL;G3A.A HJDrA @L;CEDK@ N3 A H];Q E ABDK@{5 ;G3D*CEDB G3@ <=A ><0FN H

(436) GLH#@ DKA= @ F ;Q DK@ DK@'Gp>

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(563)

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