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-' GENEGAMB IAN UDElC VEAC II plA~A CHAD B~ 101 ICD COCOA PRODUCERS AlLIANCE ~AROA CATTLE AND MElt.,~ ...cAF OCLALAV DlCOEA ucoDICMA IDeAS CEI OAMPI SADIAMll A oFAC EAST AFRICAN AIRWAYS EAST AFRICAN CARGO HANDliNG GE~'"C
DEVElOPMENT BANK EAEC EAST AFRICAN EXTERNAL TELECOMMUNI2AlIC oFRICA NATIONAL SHIPPING LINE EAST AFRICAN POSTS AND TELECOMMUNI ION OCDN UAMPT APU UPAF URTNA ODTA HOTAFRIC CAFRAD CIEH CAMES WlEc
, ASSOCIATION ENTENTE MUTUAL AID AND LOAN GUARANTV FUND UMOA OCCGE c
~lM OAU SENEGAMBIAN UDEAC UEAC LIPTAKO-GOURMA CHAO eASlN COMMISSION
T 100COOOA PRODUCERS ALL IANCE WARDA CATTLE AND MEAT ECONlJll C COMMU,nlY C(J<
~,I"'" .. " 00 OICMA IDeAS CEI OAMPI SADIAMll AIR AFRIQUE ASECIIA ,
;T AFRICAN CARGO HANDliNG GERVICES EAST AFRICAN AFRICAN EXTERNAL TELEClJlMUNlCATIDNS OOMPANV F' EAST AFRICAN POSTS AND TELEOOMMUNICATIONS
'OTA HOTAFRIC CAFRAD CIEH CAMES WAEC EO' , AND LOAN GUARANTY FUND UMDA OCCF
L1PTAKOoOOUIfolA CHAD BASIN OOMMI , WARDA CATTLE AND MEAT ECONONI IDeAS CEI SADIAMIL AIR AFRIQUE I
oHAND~ING SERV ICES EAST AFR ICAN (
TELECONMUNICATiONS ClJlPANY EAST II TELECOMMUNICATIONS OORPORATlr'
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AAFRA. TRANSAFRtr- AVIATION Ell' . _ ... "A
DIRECTORY OF
INTERGOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS
IN AFRICA
, UNITED NATIONS
-t j
•
'QAI""- _.
ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA
f
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.,
Distr•.
LIMITED
E
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CI1.14I
cEC/l/Rev.1 6 June 1972Origirml: .ENGLISH/FRENCH
ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA
DIRECTORY OF INTER-COVERNMENTAL CO-OPERATION ORGANIZATIONS IN AFRICA TABLE OF CONTENTS
•
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIOITS INTRODUCTION -
PART I ECONOMIC COMMUNITIES, COMMON MARKETS, CUSTOMS UNIONS AND
OTHER MULTI SECTORAL ORGANIZATIONS - - . The Arab Economic Unity Council (AIDC) -
The Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
v The African, Malagasy and Mauritian Common Organizaticn (OCAM) The Conference of East and Central African States (CECAS) The Council of the Entente States -
The Customs Union Between Swaziland, Botswana, Lesotho, and South Africa -
The East African Community (EAC) The Federation of Arab Republics
, The Organization for the Development of the Senegal River (OMVS) The Organization of Af:tican Unity -
The Maghreb Permanent Consultative Committee (CPCM) The Senegambian Permanent Secretariat
The Union of Central African States (UEAC) - - - - The West African Economic Community (CEAO) -
The West African Regional Group
The Lake Chad Basin Commission (LeBC)
M72-4416
f!.B2.
v vii
1 - 28 1 3 5 7 8
9 11 16 17
18
•
20 21 22 23 24 26
Table of contents (cont'd)
The Liptako-Gourma Region Integrated Development Authority - The River Niger Commission -
~
27
28A. AGRICULTURE -
The African Groundnut Council
The African and Malagasy Coffee Organization (OAMCAF) The African and Malagasy Sugar Agreement
Tile-Cattle and Meat Economic Community of the Council of the
EntenteSt~tes(CEBV)
The Cocoa PrQducers Alliance -
PART II SINGLE SECTOR MULTINATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
29 - 94 29 - 44
29
30
32
33
34
•
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The Desert Locust Control Organization for Eastern Africa
~W~) 35
The Inter-African Coffee Organization (IACO) 36 The International Coffee Organization (ICO) - 37
The Maghreb Esparto Bureau (COMALFA) 40
Organisation commune de la lutte antiacridienne et de lutte
antiaviaire (OCLALAV) 41
Organisation internationale contre Ie criquet migrateur africain
(mCD) 42
The West African Rice Development Association (WARDA) 43
•
B. INDUSTRY - -
The African and Malagasy Industrial Property Office (OAMPI) The African Society for the Development of the Millet and
Sorghum-ba3ed Food Industry (SADIAMIL)
The Centre for Industrial Studies of the Maghreb (CED,f)- The Industrial Development Centre for Arab States (IDCAS) C. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
- -
The African Civil Aviation Commission (AFCAC) The African Postal Union (UPAF)
The African Postal Union (APU)
- i i -
45 - 48 45
46
47
48 49 - 70
49 50 51
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J1/\.,Hol4/CEG/l/Rev.1
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~apie of contents (cont'd)
The African National Television and Broadcasting Union (URTNA) Agence pour la securite de la navigation ~eti~nneenAfrique
et Malgache (ASECNA) The Air Afrique -
The Association of AfrLnan Airlines (AAFRA) The East African Airways Corporation
The East African Cargo Handling Services Ltd.
The East African Harbours Corporation
The East African External Telecommunications Company Ltd.
The Eastern African National Shipping Line -
The East African Posts and Telecommunications Corporation - The East African Railways Corporation
Organisation commune Dahomey-Niger des chemins de fer et des . transports· (OCDN) - - - - -
The Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority - The Tazama Pipeline Ltd. -
The Trans-Afric;u1 Highway Co-ordinating Committee The Trans-Sahara Road Committee
The Zambi~~Tanzania Road Services Ltd.
Union africaine et malgache des postes et telecommunications
luAMPT)
.. \
D. TOURISM
Organisation pour le deyeloppement du touri~me.~n Afrique (anTA) Societe de. developpe~ent hotelier et touristique de l'Afrique
de l'ouest (Hotafric)
E. EWCAT ION , TRAINING AND RESEARCH
The Association of African Universities (AAU)
The African Training and Research Centre in Administration and Development (CAFRAD) -
The African and Malagasy Higher Education Council (CAMES) The East African Examinations Council (EAEC)
The Inter-States School for Rural Engineering (EIER)
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Page 52 53 54 'j6 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 - 72
71
72 •
73 - 83 73 75 76 71
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Table of contents (contId)
~ The Institute for Economic Development and Planning (IDEP)
79
Inter-UniVllraity Cc:::nittee for Eaat Africa - 81 The University ·of Botswana, Lesotho and "Swaziland - - - - 82 The West Afrioan Examinations Council (WAEC) - - - 83 F. BANKING, FINANCE AND MONETARY AFFAIRS
; The African Development Bank (AnB)
The Association of African Central Banks -
84 -
9284
86•
•
The Central Bank of the. States of Equatorial Africa and Cameroon
(BCEAEC) - - - - 81
The East African Development Bank (EADB) - - - - 88 The Mutual Aid and Loan Guaranty Fund of the Council of the
Entente States _ . . " - - - 89
The West African M~netary Union (UMOA) and the Central Bank
of the West African States (BCEAC) - - - - 90
Union africaine"et malgache de banques pour Ie developpement
(UAMID) _. - - - _. -" 92
G. HEALTH
Organisation de coordination et de cocperation pour la.lutte contre les grandes sndemi ea (OCCGE) (west Africa) - - - - H. NATURAL "ESOURCES - - -
The Inte:--African C6mmi ttee for Hydraulic Studies (eIEH) The Inter-Governmental Council for Copper-Exporting Countries
(ClFEC) - - -
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) - -
- i v -
93- 94
93 95 - 97
95
96
97 •
•
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ADB CAFRAD
CAMES CPCM ECA EEC EIER FAO FED UNHCR lATA IBRD ICAO IDA IDEP ILO MEOCAM OAMCAF OAMPI OAU
occ:
orCMA Ol.\VS TIR UDEAO UAMPT UEAC UDEAC UDEAO UNCTAD
E/CN.14/CEC/Rev.1
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS The African Development Bank
The African Training and Research Centre in Administration and Development
Conseil africain et malgache de l'enseignement superieur The Permanent Consultative Committee of the Maghreb United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
The European Economic Ccmmunity
Ecole inter-Etats d'ingenieurs de l'equipement rural The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Fonds europeen de developpement
The United Nations High Commissioner for Ref~gees
The International Air Transport Association
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The International Civil Aviation Organization
The International Development Association
The Institute for Economic Development and Planning The International Labor Organisation
Mouvement des etudiants de l'Organisation commune africaine, malgache et mauricienne
Organisation africaine et malgache du cafe
Office afrioain et malgache de la propriete industrielle The Organization of African Unity
The African. lialagasy and liauritian Common Organization
Organisation internationale contre Le criquet migrateur africain Organization for the 'levelopment of the Senegal River
Transit International Routier Union douaniere des Etats de l'Afrique de I'ouest
Union africaine et malgache des postes et telecommunications Union des Etats de l'Afrique centrale
Union douaniere et economique de l'Afrique centrale Union douaniere des Etats de l'Afrique de l'ouest The United Nations Conference on Trade and DevGlopment
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E!CN.14!CEC!1!Rev.1
List of Abbreviations (cont'd)
UNDP
UNESCO UNO
The United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization The United Nations Organization
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E/CN.14/CEC/ljRev.1
INTRODUCTION
This Directory has been prepared by the secretariat of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. It aims at providing a compre- hensive picture of African inter-governmenta~organizations* operating in the economic and social fields and contains a description of their
constitutions, objectives and functions. It should enable inter-~rnmental
economic co-operation organizations in the continent to become better aoquainted with each others' objectives, structures, functions and activi- ties. In this way, it will facilitate informed disouss~among ~rganizations
and, ultimately, better co-ordination of their programm~,pi.7iects.and operations.
It is also hoped that this Directory will contribute to the development of the intra-African technical assistance exchange programme envisaged
by ECA and the OAU, and provide useful information for all those interested
~n the economic and social development of the Africa region.
The organizations are listed aocording to their objectives and activities.
Under Part I of the Directory appear such organizations that are concerned with economic committees, common markets, customs unions and multi sectoral co-operation. Par~ II of the Directory deals with organizations that relate to a sir.01e sector of the econoIDif and include agriculture, industry, transport and telecommunications, tourism, education, training, and research, banking, .finance and monetary affairs, health and natural resources.
This Directory has been compiled on the basis of information available at the ECA secretariat as of 1st May
1972.
The information contained in it will be revised and brought up to date in subsequent editions•*
This alsc includes eXisting inter-governmental organizations between African and non-African States.- vii
PARTL ECONOMIC COMMUNITIES, COJ\lMON MARKETS, CUSTOMS UNIONS AND ,OTHER MULTI~ATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
The Arab Economic Unity Council (AEUC)""
Date of establis~i;.: The Economic Unity Agreement establishing the Arab Economic Unity' Council was signed on 6 June 1962 in Cairo, the Arab Republic of Egypt,
Headquarters~ 20 Aisha EI-Taymouria Street, Garden City, Cairo, the Ara1 Republic of Egypt,
Membership: The Arab Republic of Egypt, Iraq, J ordan, Kuwait, Morocco, s,yria and Yemen.
Obje£1iv~: The Council is to promote the gradual establishment among member State~ of an economic union which permits the free movement of persons, capital and goods. For thi s purpose, there is to be established among the member States a common market, The agricultural, industrial, commercial, monetary ane financial policies of the member States are to be co-ordinated and member States are jointly to conclude trade and payments agreements wj,til third count r-i es ,
Institutional structure and functions: The ~b Economic Ynity Council is composed of one or more permanent de Lega't ea of each of the member States.
The Council is, in.ter.:.J:!lii!:, to auper-vise the acti vi ties of subordinate
committees. prepare the tariffs and regulations relating to the establishment of a Customs union, co-ordinate the economic development of t.he member States and prepare p12~s for the implementation of joint development projects,
co-ordinate the agricultural, industrial and domestic trade policies of the member States, harmonize the monetary and financial policies and regulations of the member Stat8s and prescribe common transport and transit regulations and oommon social seGurity lawso
The Council 1S assisted in the performance of its functions by standing committees composed of repl'eoentati ves of ·~he member States. The Customs Committee is concerned \lith techru.ca; and administrative Cuat oms prOblems.
The 1\~OL.3t;a:r:rl Fi:Gs'noj.al and Fiscal Affairs ..Caromittee deals with financial
and mcnetary matters and questions concerning foreign exuhang8; taxes and duties.
The ~~o~i£ ~~~~i1~ deals with problems in the fiel~s of agriCUlture, indus- try, trade, transport and communications, labour arid social eecuri t.y, The Agreement a130 establishes a ~'l2?':':£!.1.:t....T.££I:>.ni.£.a.l..,]£a.!!!:...
'2..t..
~~vj ,".~ composed of experts s.nd 6p3cialists appo i.rrt cd by the COU·,lGil. The Boa rd works under the c.ircv·'ij;10:
the Council, CUll'nuers matters referreu. to H by the Council or the Cornmi tt ee a and makes proposals for the haz-mon'i aa't Lon and co.•ordination of the aot i vi tien of the CounciL The Council may establish a CentralBureau of St.~1.-h.§tic!'.< .- . _ -
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E/CN.14/CEC/ljRev.1 Page 2
Observations: The Agreement establishing the Counoil was signed under the aegis of the Economic Counoil of the Arab League. In pursuance of its functions, the Council in August 1964 took the first steps towards the establishment of a common market by the adoption of a resolution defining the objectives of, and prescribing a timetable for the gradual reduction and elimination of Customs tariffs and other taxes between the member States at the rate of 10 per cent per annum, within the common market. This resolution has, however, been ratified by only four member States, namely Syria, Iraq, Jordan and the Arab Republic of Egypt. Iraq and Yemen signed the Agreement in .December 1963.
E/cN •14/cEc/1/Rev;
1 Page 3The Central African Customs and Economig Union (~Q)
Date of establishment: The UDEAC Treaty was' signed at Brazzaville, the People1a Republic of the. Bongo, on 8 December 1964.
Headquarters: p.e.Box 946, Bangui, Central African Rep~blic.
Republic, Cameroon, Gabon and the People's Membership: Central African
. Republic .of' the Congo.
The objectives of the Union are the following:
Dbj ech ves :
"The gradual and progressive establishment of a commcn market; the
expansion of national markets through the removal of obstacles to inter-State trade; the co-ordination of the development programmes, of the different sectors ofproductionj and the adoption of a procedure for the fair distribution of indus:trial products ~.ItIIll
In addition, the Treaty prescribes certain field~'inWhichharmonization'should be sought, riameLy development planning, industrial cc--opcz-at i.on, transpor-t , investment laws ·a.ndi·nternal taXation.' - " .... - . The Union constitutes a single Customs territory within which there is to be the free movement of persons,.goods, servioes and .capi te.l.
Institutional structure and ,functions: The Council of Heads 'of State, the supreme executive organ of the ·Union, is composed .of·the·P:residentsof the member State". It det.ermine~_t.!'<3'.gen",ralp():Li.'?Y,~?r.th"Union and takes final decisions on matters on which thesubordinate.Management Committee 4-8 unable to reacn unanimous agreementv Haettles dieputes conoerningthe application and interpreta:ti6n of the 'l'reaty.
In matters concerning economic, Customs and fiscal legislaticll, the decisions of the Council are made by virtue of power's de Leg-.t ed to it by the national legislative assemblies of the member States.
The Manageme .t Committee is oomposed of two repreC:3nta':"vea of eech member State, namely the Minister of Finance cr- his representative and the Minister responsible for economic development or his representative. The Committee acts by virtue of powers delegated to it by the Council on specific questions which include, the implementation of the objectives of the Union, economic, Customs and fiscal matters, industrial co-operation, th~ harmonization of development policy, transport, wages and sccial systems,
The General Secretariat is the administrative organ uf the Union and is directed by a Secretary-General appointed by the counctl. He in'pleme1J:ts the decisions taken by the other or-gans of the Uru on and ensures their uniform application in the member States. He deals with day-to-day issues concerning fiscal, Customs or economic co-ordination matters" The Secretariat is made up of the following departments: Division of foreign trade, t~~ation, sta- tistics and data processing, the development and industrialization Division and the Inter-State Accounting Bureau which has its head of'f'Lce at Bangui,
E/CN.14/CEC/l/Rev.1
Page 4 .
Central African RepUblic, and a branch office at Pointe-Noire in the People's Republic of the Congo. This Bureau is the clearing house for all Customs operations between the member States and is also responsible for the accounting and financial management of inter-State organs arid services.·
In a spirit of solidarity and to compensate for errors in Customs declarations and the advantages enjoyed by the coastal member States froil! transitaoti- vities, a common Solidarity Fund was established into which is paid a percen_
tagedetermined by the Council on the proposal of the Committee, of the import duties and charges levied by the common Customs Office of the member States. Amounts out of the Fund are paid out to member States as may be determined by the Council on the proposal of the Committee. The Treaty also established a taxe unique system which is to apply to all domestic manu- factures with markets extending to several member States. Manufactures subject to the taxe unique are exempt from other duties and taxes such as all domestic taxes on finished products. The taxe unique is levied and paid in the member State in which the related products are manufactured to the credit of the member State in which such products are consumed, The authori- ties of the UDEAC determine in the first place, those industries which shali come under the taxe unique system. Such industries may, inter alia, import raw material required for production free of import duties.
Observations: Prior to the independence of former French Equatorial Africa there existed between its constituent States of Central African Republic, Chad, the People' s Republic of the Congo and Gabon, a free trade area. Upon the attainment of independence, they established. among themselves a Customs union namely, the Union Douaniere Equatoriale to which Cameroon became an associate State. These five States later established among themselves the UDEAC. In 1968 Chad left the UDEAC to form the Union Economique de l'Afrique Centrale with the Republic of Zaire.
•
E/CN.14/CEC/l/R~V~1 page 5
'Af6can, Malagasy and Mauritian Common Organization , (Organisation commune africaine. 'ma1gacheet mauritienne (OCAM) , Date of establishment: The Charter of the OCAM was adopted and signed
,by the Heads of State and Government of the member States
Of
the Union, Africa,ine et Ma1gache de Cooperation Economique on 27 June 1966at Tananarive, Mad<lgascar.Headguart ers: P.O.Box 437, Yaounde, Cameroon.
Membership: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Dahomey, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mauritius, Niger, the People's Republic of the C{)ngo,Rwanda, Senegal, Togo and Upper Volta.
Objectives:, The objective of the OCAM, established on the basis, 01' iiM ' soUll'Wty ,existing,Qetween it,s memQerStates, is, in keElping wi:t!lcth,e spirit 'of the OAU, to strengthen co-operation and solidarity between,African States' including Madagascar and Mauritius, in order to accelerate their economic, social, technological and cultural development. For this purpoae , the OCAM is to endeavour to harmonize the actions of member States in 'the economi.c , social, teqhnological and cultural fields, to co-ordinate their
develop~ent programmes and to facilitate consultation on questioneof foreign policy while respecting the sovereignty and independence of each member State.
Institutional structure and functions: The Conference of Heads of State and Government is the highest authority of the OCAM and considers matters of:mutualconcern. Decisions of the Conference are binding on all member ,States. In ,between meetings of the Conference, its functions are discharged '. -by'''.!ts'current Chairman.
The Council of'Ministers is composed of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the member ,St<ltes or in their absence, any other ministers designated by the Government,s of the member States. The Council is responsible to the Con- ference
and
''''dertakes preparatory w~rk for the meetings of the Conference, considers matters referred to it by the Conference and ensures the implemen- tation of the deoisions of the Conference. The Council promotes co-operation between the member States and conducts its business in four Commissions con- cerned with political and legal affairs, budgetary and administrative affairs, economic affairs, and cultural and social affairs.The Administrative General Secretariat, headed by an Administrative Secretary- General, is the administrative organ of the OCAM. The Administrative Sec- retary-General takes part in the meetings of the Council of Ministers and re- ports to it on the activities of the Secretariat. The Secretariat follows closely the activities of the joint enterprises established between the OCAM member States, namely Air Afrique, the UAMPT and the OAMPI (see pp.
45, 54
and 70). The Secretariat is financed from contributions of the member States determined in relation to their net national operating budget so, however, that no national contribution exceeds 20 per cent of the ordinary annual budget of the OCAM.
E!CN.14!CEC!I!Rev.1 Page 6
The OCA}! enables its menilier States to adopt common positions with respect to major contemporarY political issues such as, associiiti'on 'with 'the EEC
and representatio'l on the policy--~ngbodies of ineternational organizations.
It also serves as the forum fo" meetings, symposia and seminars designed to enable na+.icnal officials to exchange views on common problems such
as the Africanization of m~~agement and the promotion of African enterprise, social seucurity for migrant workers, p'a:rti'cination of" the people in deve Lop- ment, protection of food c~cps, the peaceful uses of the sea bed and tech- nologica: developments.
In addition, the OCAlVI promcte s co -operation among its member States through the or-gand za si ons and ;.nstitutions w.ii ch , under its ae.p.s, have been estab- lished, are in the process of being established, or are being planned. These include the OA!VJPI, the OAMFi,:, the African-Malagasy Sugar Agreement ,the
proposed African-Malagasy Meat .~gJ'eement, t he CAMES, the EIER, the Institut
africai~.illf£rmat.i£aJi~ibreville,Centre p'¥lafricaine de formati.on
cooperat~<!2.Coton'?~, the Ecol" intp;r-Etats des sciences de medecine veterinaire de D~a~, the MEOCAM, plans for the establishment of a civil defense organization, a tIlultination8,1 insurance company, a joint African and Malagas;\, expoz-t i.ng organization, advanced management training centres at Abidjan and Bangui ,and a multina~iona1 shipping company,
The OCAl! alsc cc,rris8 out or cowmissions general studies such as, the study on regional rnduetr-i.a.li.sa-bi cn and has established an accounting system to be applied in all its mernber St<1tes.
Observations: Upcn the attainment of independence, the' French-·speaking African and Malagasy States decided tc establish a commonorgarrization to preserve tl1eir common pas'ts This was first achieved by the establishment of Union Afrtca;,~'L.fcL.!1@-lE:~l~which was later replaced by the Union Africaine et Malgache .de Co·~pi~tion...Jd..c~nQ.miqu.eQ Rwanda joined the OCAM in 1963, Togo in 1964, the Repub Ii c of Zo',re in 1965, and Mauritius in 1970. Mauritania withdrew from the OCAM ir, ]-965 b)lti like Mali which was never a: member State of the O~AM 18 a member- of some of the specialized institutions of the OCAM. The Repub Li,c of Zai r-e withdrew from the OCAM in April 1972;
...,
E/CN.14/CEC/1/Rev.1 Page 7
The Conference of East and Central African Sta~es (q~CAS)
Date o( establishment: There is no legal agreement governing the establish- ment and activities of i;he COnference"
Headquarters: The Conference has no. permanent secretariat.
• Membership': Burundi, Central African Repub li o , Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Malalii, the PeopleIs Republic of the Congo, Somalia, Suda•. , Tanzania, Uganda, the Republic of Zaire, Zambia, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Rwanda.
Objectives: The objective of the Conference is, inter al~, the co·-ordina- tion of the economic and po Ii tical acti vi ties of the member S·Gates.
Jnstitutional-E.~tureand funct~: The Conf'er-ence of Hea,ds of State and
~~.!l!;.is the supreme body of the Conf'ar-enoe ,
~ings of Mi.nist~rs of Foreign Affair!! of the member states, which immediately precede meetings of the .Conference of Heads of State and Government, prepare the ground for the meeting of the lat·ber.· The Ministe:;:'s of ~'oreignAffairs
consider the report and recommendations of the seotoral committDBi of the Conference and e.Lso discuss political problems"
Secretarial and administrative aat-vi ces for the meetings of the Hoads of State and Government and Foreign Ministers are provided by the ffieI.llJJl' States where such meetings are held.
Sectoral Committees established by the ConferenceGf Heads or StaGe and
(lo';.;'rnment discuss related technical problems anvo Ived in eccnorm o co-operation between the member States" There a~e five such Sectoral Committees for
indr.stI"J and enel'gy, human resources, trade and tour::'sm, transpod and communications, and agriculture. The Sectoral Committees themselves nay establish sub-commit te ee or working groups, They are also "to establish priorities for co-operation in the various sp.ctors and recommend the most appr-opx-La-t e cod effective measures f c giving ef'f'e ct to the decisions of the Heads cf State and Goverr..ment",
Ob~~E..sm!i.:
prepa!"at i on Conf'e r-ence ,
Both the ECA and the OAU assist the member states in the of vror-king papers and. the meetings of tr.3 organs of the
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E/CN.14/CEC/~Rev.1 Page 8
The Council of the Entente States
Dat~.establislunen0 : 29 14ay 1959.
He~quart~rs: P.O. Box 20824, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
~.!l.rship: Dahomey, Ivory Coast, Niger, Togo and Upper Volta.
Objectives: The Council has as its p~incipal objective the harmonization and the strengthening of the policies and economies of the member States
on the basis of friendship. brotherhood and solidarity. • Institutional structure and functions: The Council is composed of the
Heads of State, the Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the Legislative Assemblies, and the Ministers concerned with the matters discussed at each meeting, of each member State. However, only the Heads of State meet
regularly as the Conference of Heads of State of the Entente Council. Since 1970, these Conferences are to be preceded by Meetings of the Ministers of FO!'eign_Affairs of the member States. Decisions of the Conference of Heads of State are taken in common and are binding on all member Stateso The Con- ference of Heads of State may establish special committees at ministerial level.
One such committee is the Committee for Land Transport which is concerned with, inter alia, the study of a regional transport scheme, the standardiza- tion of insurance legislation in the field of inter-State transport and the establishment of a group Af experts to study practical measures to bring abcut the rapid implementation of the TIR/UDEAO Convention.
Observations: The Heads of Government, Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the Legislative Assemblies of Niger" Upper Volta, Dahomey and Ivory Ccast established the Council at a meeting held in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, on 29 May 1959. The Solidarity Fund of the Council which was originally
established with contributions from the member States was later transformed into the Mutual Aid and Loan Guaranty Fund (see p. 86). The Council has no secretariat of its own and relies on that of the Mutual Aid and Loan Guaranty Fund. Togo became a member of the Council in 1966.
E!CN, 11!./CEC/1'Rev. 1
PaISe 9
The Customs Union between Swaziland. Botswana, Lesotho and South Africa
Date of establishment: The Customs Union Agreement between the Gcvernments of Swaziland, B~na, Leao'thcvand South Africa, signed on 11 December
1969 between the Ccntracting Parties, entered into fcrce on 29 June 1970,
~dquarters: None.
MembershiE' Swaziland, Botswana," Lesotho and Scuth Africa.
Objectives: 'I'hevcbj ect i.vea of the Customs Unicn Agreement are the main- tenanceof the free interchange of goods b'lltween the Contracting Parties and the application by them of the same tariffs and trade regulations to goods imported from -third countries.
1!tstituticnal stru~UFJLandfunctions: The Customs Union Agreement stands out as one of the few Customs union arrangements where multinational institutions of any important influence are absent. Replacing the Customs Agreement of 1910, the Customs Union Agreement introduced the following
significant innovations: the system of fixed percentages of the revenue from Customs and excise duties and sales tax was abandoned for one based on the level of each Contracting Party's total imports per year; as in the Customs Agreement of 1910, the tariff of duties as laid down by South Africa is to apply within the Customs Union but Swaziland, Botswana and Lesotho may pro- tect infant industries against competition from South Africa for a certain period by the imposition of additional duties and may protect specified industries of major importance to them by withholding consent to alterations in related Customs duties. Departures by a Contracting Party from the
arrangements contained in the Customs Union Agreement are to be with the agreement of all the Contracting Parties. Safeguard actions where a distur- bance in an economic sector occurs are to be dealt with by consultation between the Contracting Parties concerned. No executive, legislative or judicial Customs union institutions are created except the Customs Union Commission.
The ~ms Union Commission, composed of unspecified representatives of the Contracting Parties, is a consultative body established for the purpose of discussing any matter arising out of the Customs Union Agreement. I~ normally shall meet once a year. The Commission is to use its best endeavours to find a suitable solution tc the problem concerned and the representatives of the Con- tracting Parties cn the Commission are to report to their respective Govern- ments for consi~erationof any remedial measures.
Observations: Economic co-operation between the Contracting Parties go back to the last quarter of the 19th century when a Customs Union was established between the colonies of Swaziland, Bechuanaland (Botswana) and Basutoland
(Lesotho) and the States of the Cape Colony and the Orange Free State. Upon the political union between these States and the Transvaal and Natal to form South Africa, the existing Customs Unicn was replaced by a sir"ilar ene under the Customs Agreement concluded in 1910 between Swaziland, Bechuanaland,
E/CN.14/CEC/l/Rev.1
r-,
Basutol~14 apd South Africa. South 4frica was ~o p~ its partners fixed
"percen'liages"o'rthe revenue from Ctistoiiiii and excis'e duties and sales 'tax and SouthAfrican tariff laws were to be a,ppliedthroughout the Customs Union.
Dissatisfadion with the operationat' the Customs Agteement
we
tli:ej;a::''tdf South ,Africa's partners, led to prolongednegotia'tions which cuLni.nat ed in thG Customs Union Agreement cf1769.
The Customs Union Agreement does notpr0\~de for its accession by other States than its,Contracting Parties. As a corollary, a Contracting Party may not separately enter into' a" trndeagree- ment with a country outside the Customs Uilion ;,n which conceaai.cnc on duties in force in tha Customs Union are ~ranted to that country, exceptwith'the prier consent of the other Cont?acting Pa~ties and upon such conditions as may be agreed by aU the .Cont ract i.ng Parties.
A ~urre~~~ though not based un ar~ agreement, exists between the Contracting Parties whereby the South African Rand is the legal te~dcr in their te:."rHories. The land-locked Contracting Pa,:."ties of Swaz,i,land, Bc'tswana and Lesotho :!'ely heavily' on the serv.ices and facilities of the South Africp.n Raill""ys which are to
be
provided' at non-discriminatory rates, eor their trade both within the cuevoms Union and "i th third oountci.e s;S/CN.1~/r:'ScI1/Rev.1
,[f...,'C' 11
The, East African Community: (EAC)
Date of establishw.mt: The East African Community was established by the Treaty for East African Co-operation w~ch was signed on, 6 June 1961. and which came into force on 1 Depember
f%7. ". _.""
~.taY.arters:
Membersh.i.E.:
P.O.Box 1001" Arusha, Tanzania..
Kenya,.'l'anzania and Uganda.
Objectives: The Trea.ty for East AfTican Co-op';r~tion.,esta.bli.shedamongst its signatory States, the East African Community and' an,'East 'Afr'ie'a.tl Common Market as an integral part of that Community andwi't!l"thec folloWing objectives: the strengthening and regulation of indust:pia11 PO~ercial
and other relations of the Partner states so as toensure-'Uie' acfcelerated, harmonious and balanced development and sustained' expansion of economic
activities of the Partner States. To this end, the ColltlllW'lit;y::':Shall establish and maintain;' subject to certain exceptions, common ,Customs
and
'excise'tariffs, and work towards the abolition of restrictions in inter-Par:t!'ler St,?;te trade, the intrtlll.uc.tion of a long-term common' agricultural, policy;C:the,:establishment pf·an East African Development Bank, the maintenance of free.c~rent,account payments necessary to further the aims of the Community, the. harmon:j.zation of the monetary policies of the Partner States, the'operatio~'afcommon' services on behalf of the Partner States, the co-ordination of' economic planning and transpcrt policies of the Partner States and. t!leJ!tr~ngthening of ties between the Partner States.Institutional structure and functions: The East African Authority, consisting of the Presidents of the Partner States, is responsible for ern has the general direction and control of the executive fUnctions of the Community.
The East African Authority is assisted in the perf'ormance of its functions by Councils and full-time East African Ministers. Three East African Minis- ters who must be per-sons not holding office in the Gevernmeilts:' ofthe"P"rtner Sta.tes.are appointed: by·, the East African AuthovitY.-·-'Tlie::Eiis·CAirfca.n~ni
stersare. assigned, in. rotation, day to day supervieionover the various act·ivities of the Community and the responsibility for the negotiationof' bilateral air services agreements on behalf of the Partner States. An East Afrioan Minister is to be accorded the rank cf .aMiniete:r-1:h.-his:'Partner State and permitted to take>art in the daliberatiotrs' of the Cabinet·
bf
his Partner Stat<:_ The East African Ministers act as Chairmen of the Coi,lncilsof the CollllllUitl:t;y.· . Thrt>e De~~ty East Afr:l.canMinisteI'S are appointedbil similar conditions as the 'East< African M'inis'ters • There are five COlincils of the Community, each composed' of the three ~st Afr'ican Mini~ters and Ministers cf the Partner' StatesrespSm'sible for matters relating to the ac'tivitiBs 'of the Ccuncilscortcerned.· . . .
The Common Market Council ensure1;l'the,proper functioning and development of the Common Marke~ settles Common Market disputes, issues binding directives to Partner States or makes recommendations to them that may also relate, ~
~, to transfer. taxes and generally, considers all other action to be
taken by the Partner st1l:tEiS i"i,.'promote- the att'ainment of the aims of the Community and closer links with third oountries or international organiza- tions.
The Communications Cnuncilhas general direction over the activities of the East African Railways Corporation, the East African Airways Corporation, the East Afrioan Posts and Telecommunioations Corporation and the East African Harbours Corporation. It also approves the capital expenditure of the Corporations exoeeding a certain level. The Council is the forum for consultation generally on commUnications matters.
The Economic and Consultative Planning Council assists the national develop- ment planning efforts of the Partner States by consultative means and advises 'thEi East African AuthOrity on long-term planning of the common services.
The Finance Council considers ,the major financial affairs of the Community, including loan and investment programmes.
The Research and Social Council assists, in the co-ordination of the policies of the Partner States and the Community in research and social matters.
,The East African Legislative Assembly consists of the East'African Ministers and Deputy Ministers" twenty-seven members appointed nine each, qy each Partner State, a Chairman of the Assembly appointed by the East African Authority and the Secretary-General and Counsel tO,the Community. The Assembly enacts laws on behalf of the Community on a number of matters which affect the common market and the common services. Suoh laws require the assent of the Presidents of the Partner States and when so assented to, have the force of law in the Partner States. The Assembly also approves the estimates of revenue and expenditure of the common eervices other than
the Corp6ra:iions~ " '
TherEi are three judicial institutions of the Community namely, the East African Court of Appeal, the Common Market Tril;nmal and the East African Industrial Court.
The East African Court of, Appeal, ?omposed of 'a President and four Judges of Appeal appointed by the East African Authority, determines appeals from the High Courts of the Partner States in' acoordanoe with jurisdiotion confer- red on it by related national laws of the Partner States.
The Common Market Tribunal oonsists of a Chairman appointed by the East African Authority, three members chosen one each by each Partner State and a fourth member chosen by the Chairman and the three members chosen by the Partner states. The Tribunal shall ensure the observanceef law and of the Treaty for'East African Co-operation in the interpretation and application of the common market provisions of that Treaty. It may determine disputes between Partner States in this field; and its decisions shall be binding.
It may also give advisory opinions to the Common Market Council. The Partner States undertake not to submit any dispute which may be cognizable by the Tribunal to any other method of settlement. .
E/CN.14!CEC/1jRev.1 Page 13
The East African Industrial Court consists of the heads cf the industrial courts of eaoh Partner state. It settles labcur disputes between the
Ccmmunity and certain oategories of' personnel in its servioes in accordance with the domestio laWS
of
the Partner States and principles laid down by the East African Authority. Awards made by the Industrial Court are binding.The Common Market: Partner States are to impose common Customs·tariffs and no Partner ~te may enter into,arrangements with any foreign oountry wher9Under tariff conoessions are available to that Partner State which are not available to the other Partner States. With certain exceptions, nn restrictions or duties ahall be imposed on ant er--Par-ener- State trade, and a common excise tariff is to be maintained by the Partner States on manu- factures within their territories. To promote industrial balance between the Partner States, transfer taxes may be imposed subject to certain con- ditions, by a Partner State which is in defioit in its total trade in manu- factured goods with the other two Partner States.
Institutions established to promote the aims of the oommon market are the East African Development Bank (see p. 85), the E{lstMrican Tax.Board, the East African Industrial Council, the Councils and the COI1llllOlr Market Tribunal already noted above, the Common· Market Secretariat and·~he East African Customs and ExoiSe .;Department.
The Common Market Secretariat acts as the- watch dog over the operations of the common market , undertakes studies and oollects and verifies informa....
tion concerning the operation of the Common Market ..
The East Afrioan CUstoms and Excise Department acting under laws of the Community, assesses, imposes and oollects the oommonCustoms and excise
'..--._--
duties and transfer taxe s imposed by the Partner States and administers them in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty for East African Co-operation.
The East African Tax Board consistsof·-three representatives of eaoh Partner Stat~ the Commissioners-General of East African Customs and Excise Department and the East African Income Tax Department, the representatives of these
Commissioners-General resident in the capitals of each of the Partner States and a representative of the Central Secretariat designated by the secretary- General of the Community. The function of the Board is to render assistance in the study and correlation of taxes managed and collected by the Community as well as directly by the authoritres in the Partner States and to render such further assistanoe relating to fiscal planning as may be desired by the Partner States.
The East African Industrial Council consists of equal representatives of the Partner.States and officials of the Community. Its function is the orderly licensing of the manufacture of certain soheduled products within the Partner States. The East African Industrial Licensing·Aot is, however, to cease to have effect by 1973.
Common Services: Through the various secretariats, Departments and Units
~ the Central Seoretariat and the four Corporations of the Community, the Community administers various common services on behalf of the Partner States.
E/CN.l4/CECj1l'/JteV;1
Page 1 4 '
The Central Secretariat i s to reg",late the distribution of its non- physical investments so as to ensur~ ahequitable distribution to the foreign exchange resources and. general benefit of the Partner States. Its headquarters is at Arusha and administers through its subsidiary organs which have branches or units"in various parts of East Africa, a number of coronion services. The commonjser-vi.ces include the Central S'lcretatiat, services relating to the common market, the Chambers of the Counsel to the Community, civil aviation, meteorology, the East African Industrial Council, the East African Legisla- tive Assembly,the Community Service Commission and Community' audit.
The East African Civil Aviation Board, composed of representatives of the Partner States and the Community and assisted by the civil aviation depart- ment'of the Community, is responsible, inter-alia, for.matters relating to the licensing and registration of aircraft, pilots and 'engineers, air traffic control, safety of air navigation and the investigation' of accidents.
In the field of research, the following organs (If the'Co/J!lllUlli.ty whose .boarde of management , where thllY .exist, are defined. ·by related laws of the community, but whose offioers are "serva,nts of the Community, are concerned with tile.
organi~ationl co-ordination and .the oarrying out of corrllspondingresearch, that is to say, the East African Medical Research Council - the co-ordination of medical research generally; the East African Institute for Malaria and Vector-Borne Diseases; the East African Insti tuts'fGr· Mediea.1Reseal'ch; the East African Trypanosomiasis (Sllleping Sickness) HesElar.ch Or.E!:ni~~; the.
East African Virus Research Institute; the East African Leprosy Research . Centre; the East African Tuberculosis· Inves· i tion . ntre; the East African Natural.Resources Research Council; -t: e East African Tropi~~fPe~l'deS:
Research Institute; the East African Veterinary Research Organizaticn; the, East African Agriculture and Forestry Research Organization; the East African Marine Fisheries Research Organization; the East African Fres~wat~r'Fish~ries
Rllssarch Organization; and the East African Industrial Research Organization•
. The Central Secretariat also provides statistical
sElMricesfor"th~ pUrPqse .
of co-ordinating the activities of the Partner States and machinery to facilitate ,ea-operation between the Partner States ~~d the administration of Loans and grants -received 'for pro jeet s or services agreed between the East African Authority' .and. the Partner States. other common services are the East African Customs and Excise Department and the East African Income Tax Department. Cust:oms, excise and transfer tax levies when collected by the East Afri'can Customs and Excise .Depar-t merrt are paid ·t'O ·the Partner
States entitled to them after deduction by the Department of a sl~.represen
ting the cost of their .collection. The revenue from income tax levied
by the Partner States' and collected by the 'East'African' Income TaxDepartment in accordance with' tl"e Commum ty Lncorne tax management Laws, is a'Lac paid ilfto the, trea"uries of
the
partner states, tbe cost of running the common services other thanthe Corporations, being met from the revenue from inoome tax on gains or profits of companies engaged in manufacturing or finance business.•
• I
there are the
A Secretary-General Counsel to the E/GN • 14/CEc/1/Rev.1
Pc-oS" 15
For the purposes of oarrying out all these oommon servioes, following ohief offioers in the service of the Community.
who is the prinoipal exemzt.Lve . offioerof ·t·he'Comml:nHy, a Community and an. A\ldi
t';:;r-General.
The four Co.rpor-ata ons whioh. ., are the Eas.tAfrican RailwayS"G<>rpor~,the
East Afrioan Airways Corporation, the East Afrioan Harbours Corporation and the East Afrioan Posts and Teleoomaunioations Corporation, do not form part of the Central Seoretariat but are institutions of the Community. As their names suggest, they are oonoerned with the administration of related oommon servioesonbehalf of the Partner States (See pp, 57,. 59, 62 and 63).
Observations: ~ l..-Ja.l:luary 1948, the British Government, by the East Afrioa High Commission Order in Counoil, 1947, gave formal reoognition to the eoonomio oo-operationthat already existed between its oontiguous dependenoies of Kenya, Tanganyika and Uganda and provided it for the first time, with a oonstitutional and legal framework. The East Afrioa High Commission was empowered to administer on behalf of Kenya,'l'anganyika·and·Ugertda-·<>ertain oommon se rvi ce s whioh included:. railways, posts andtelecommunioations, ports and harbours ,oivil aviation, meteorology., reseai;'oh. 'and' the 'charge,'assessment and oollection of inoome tax and Customs and exci se duties. The Central
Lep-slati ve Assembly of the East Africa HigllCommission .ena.o:te~d}aws generally on common servioes matters. The East Afrioan Court of Appeal of the East Afrioa High Commission oonstituted the highest oourt for the East Afrioan dependenoies. The free transfer of goods looally produoed or imported within East Afrioa was maintained by mutual··agreement between. the East Afrioan
countries whose Governments also imposed. uniform external Customs duties under a similar agre'erileiit';Ol1.th<;l attainment of Lnd.ependence by Tanganyika in 1961, the East Afrioa High Commission was replaoed by the East Afrioan Common ServioesOrganization established by the East Afrioan CommonServioes Agreement 1961, with its oonstitution annexed to it, between Kenya, Uganda . and Tanganyika. The East Afrioan Common,-$erV:i:'ces Organization performed
essentially the same servioes as the East Afrioa High' Commission and the de faoto Customs union was maintained. The East African Common Services was replaoed in 1967 by the East Afrioan Community. The Treaty for East Afrioan Co-operation for the first time, reguJa,i;:!'(l, legally the eo-operat Lon of intra-East·.African ttade and matters rela'ted thereto':"The'Parlner States of the East· Afrioan Community may together negotiate with any foreign e0untry with a view to the association .of that oountries with the Community or its partioipation in any of the activities of the Community. Thus, third ooun- tries rr.ny be associated with all the activities of the Community or on~ some of them. The East Afrioan ConUnuru.ty represents one of the most advanced forms of eoonomio oo-operation..inthe world today. In January 19'71, an Association Agreement between the 'Partner States and the European Eoonomio Community entered intoforoe.
Burundi, Ethiopia, Somalia and Zambia have applied to be associated .lith the acrtivities of the East Afrioan Community. Negotiations for their . assooiation are at varying stageiof progress •
•
E/CN.14/CEC/1/nev.1 Page 16
The Federation of Arab Republios
; .l. .
Date of establi\lhmept: The Oonst atuti cn'of the Federation of Arab Republics was ratified by nationa1referendi inS€ptember 1971,
Membership: The nz-eb. Republic of Egypt,:.1ibY'Land SYria,
Objectives: In the economic field, the Federation is, inter alia, to
prepare joint general development plans for the achievement of the economic integration of the member States; standardize the economic and financial
regulations and policies of the member states co-ordinate the economy of all the member States with that of other Arab.·States so as to achieve 'Arab economic integration and establish and sUpervise federal economic institutions.
Institutional structure and:functions, The Presidential Council is the sup- reme executive organ of the Federation and is composed of the Presidents of the member States,' The decisions of the Presidential Council have effect upon their publication in the Official Gazette of the Federation.
The Federal Ministerial Council of, the Federation is composed .of Ministers appointed by the Presidential, Council and each of whom is put in charge of defined Federal portf6Ii·6s~"The'Ministerial Council is to consider the affairs of the Federation, co-ordinate the work of the Federal Ministers and assist the Presidential Council.
The Presidential Council may establish Federal Councils for Planning, Eco- nomic, Social.and National Security Affairs, Foreign Policy, Education, Culture, Soientific Research and Information, In exercise of this power, the Presidential Council established in November.l21+.~Federal Economic and Social Council to, inter alia, promote economic integrities w.lthin: the Federation. It may also establish such other specialized. councils, orga- nizations and to.olmical committees as i t may deem necessary for the purposes of the Federation.
The Federal National Assembly composed of twenty members ,each selected from the National Assembly of each member State may, inter alia, debate the general policy and enact federal laws relating to economic integration.
Federal enactments must be assented to by all the members of the Presidential Council. They aTe to have the force of law one month after their publication in the Official Gazette of the Federation.
The Presid.ential Council is to e'stablish a Federal Court to hear and determine cases on the co~stitutionalityof Federal laws and conflicts between state and Federal laws. The Court is also to give advisory opinions to the Presidential Council, the Federal Ministers and the member States on legal matters.
Observaticns: The Benghazi Proclamati.n of 17 April on t0e political and economic union of the member States was the prelude to the creati.n of the Federation of Arab Republic. Although Sudan was not a party to the Benghazi Proclamation, it has expressed its intention of joining the Federation as soon as this becomes possible.
~~--_.~._--- & J4&±k _1& : _ .' _ ,
E/CN.14/CEC!1/Rev.1 Page 17
Organization for the Development of the Senegal River (Ol4VS) Date of establishment: 11 March 1972.
• • •
•
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t
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Headquarters: 5, Place de l'Independence, Dakar, Senegal.
Membership: Mauritania, Mali, senegal.
Objectives: The objectives of the Organization are the promotion and co- ordination of studies and activities for the joint development of the resources of the senegal River Basin. The Organizaticn will a»so ensure the application of the Convention related to the status of the River Basin, signed 11 March 1972.
Institutional structure and functions: ,The Conference of Heads of State
" and Government is the policy-mak:ing organ of the Organization. It examines and approves recommendations made to it by its subordinate Council of Ministers. Its decisions which must be unanimous are binding on all the member States.
The Council of Ministers, which is composed of representatives of the member States, is primarily an institution forplannihg, and supervision and ~
be aSsisted by technical and economic organs. It is to prepare- and propose general policy measures concerning the objectives of the Organization. It
"is to approve the budget of the institutions and organs of the Organization and is responsible to the Conference of Heads of State and Government. The recommendations and acts of the Council are taken and done unanimously.
The administrative organ of the Organization, namely the- Executive Secretariat, functions under the supervision of the Executive Secretary who is responsible for the implementation of the decisions of the Conference of Heads of state and Government and the Council of Ministers.
Observations: The Organization replaced the Organization of Senegal River States (OERS). The OEllS, which had consisted of Guinea, Mali, Mauritania and senegal, and whose objectives had included cultural and political as well as economic co-operation, came to an end on 29 November 1971 after Guinea had boyootted its meetings for a year and Senegal resigned from it. The
Organization which now operates without Guinea, is open to all riparian States of the Senegal River. The objectives of the QJ'lVS Organization are,generally speaking, limited to the same economic objectives as the Inter-State Committee for the Development of the Senegal River Basin which had been established in J"uly 1963 between Guinaa,_Mali, Mauritania, senegal and which in its·-turn, had been replaced by the OERS with its wider objectives.
'"
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E/CN.14/CEC/l/Rev.1 Page 18
Organization of African Unity (OAU) Date of establishment:
on 25 May 1963.
The Charter of the OAU was signed at Addis Ababa Headquarters: Africa Unity House, P.O.Box 3243, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Membership: All independent African States exoept South Africa.
Objectives: The objectives of the OAU are the strengthening of African Unity, the cc-ordination and strengthening of co-operation among the member States so as to bring about better living oonditions of their peoples, the defence of the sovereignty and integrity of the member States, the elimi- nation of colonialism in all its forms in Africa and the promction of inter- national co-operation. For these purposes, the member States, of the OAU are to co-ordinate and hafinOiilie their general policies'e13pe:gi~llYl"'i~the fields of politics, diplomacy, economic affairs, transport and communications, education and culture, health and nutrition, science and technology and
defence and security.
Institutional structure and functions: The Assembly of Heads cf State and Government is the supreme 'organ of the OAU and its main function is to deliberate on matters of common interest to Africa with a view to the co-ordination and harmonization cf the general policies of the member States.
It may review the structure, functions arid activities cf all the specialized organs and institutions of the OAU:.,
The Council of Ministers of the OAU is composed of the Ministers of foreign affairs of the member States or other ministers designated by the member States. The Ccuncil is responsi'bl-e"to the Assembly, deals with all matters referred to it by the Assembly and implements the decisions of the Assembly.
The Council promotes intra-African co-operation and 'controls the finances of the OAU.
The Administrative Secretary-General of the OAU as well as the four Assistant
Secretaries~Generalwho are each, in charge of a department of the General Secretariat are appointed by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government.
The Administrative Secretary-General directs the activities of the General Secretariat of which he is its legal representative. He is directly respon- sible tc tlJ,e,ColJncil of Ministers for the proper discharge of all his
functions.
The Commission for Mediation, Conciliation and Arbitration of the OAU was created for the peaceful settlement of disputes among member States.
The composition and related conditions of service of the members of the
Commission are defined in a separate Protocol adopted by the Assembly. Since 1970, the President and the two Vice-Presidents of the Commission are no longer permanently based at the headquarters of the OAU.
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The Assembly may~alsoestaolish such~Specialized~~ommissi6nsas it deems necessary. It has established among others"the following: the Economic and Social Commission, the Educational and Cultural Commission, the Heal1;l1,~,
Sanitation and Nutrition Commission, the Defence Commission and the Scien- tific, Technical and Research Commission.
Each Specialized Commission is composed of the Ministers concerned or other ministers or plenipotentiaries designated by the Governments of the member States. The Executive Secretariat of the Scientific, Technical and Research Commission has its headquarters at Lagos, Nigeria. I t co-ordinates the activities of thE! Intra-Afrioan Bureau of Animal Health at Muguga, Kenya, the Intra-African Bureau ,for Soil Conservation atBangui,Central African Republic, the Intra-African Phytosanitary Bur-eau at Yaounde, Cameroon and the Publioation Office at Niamey,' Niger. A Committee' of, the OAU, the Co-ordinating Committee tor the Liberation of Africa, has been established with its headquarters at Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; an Exeoutive Secretariat of ihe Africa!LGroup .to the UnitedNl.~iG'n,s:b.asalso 'been established-in :f{ew York, USA. , ," ,,' """""",, ,', ,~, ,-' ,~,., ",-".",~",- ,~" ,~
pbservations, Although the ac~vitiesof,the OAll are of a political nature including dec,olonization",it.p:tayi an.'frilp6x''tant--x''O'le in proIl)?#~ ,e~ponomic co-operation in Africa. ~tween;'it and the EGA, ADB, OCAM, UNO,:,
ms,9P,
ILO, HCR, FAD, et o, , there exist tieSC,iff ~o-operationmost of which,.are'
the sub-jects of specific agreements. 'The;oo';'operation between the OAll' alidJh'e ECA is particularly, apparent in the number of joillt ~ me'e-tings, coIif~e,np,es,and seminars that are orgsnized in,~the economic and social fields. The PAU is also concerned with the prohlemo! refugees in Africa.
:"" , ...
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E/CN. 14/CEC/1/Rev. 1
P~
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20The !.\a!5hreb Permanent Consultative Committee (CPCM) Date of Establishment: 1 october 1964.
Headquarters: 47, Avenue Habib Bour-gufba , Tunis, Tunisia.
Membership: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia.
Objectives: The CPCM is a technical and consultative body responsible for studies related to the overall problems of economic co-operation in the
~laghreb. In addition, it. advises the Conference of Ministers of Economic Affairs of the member states on the steps they have tc underta)ce in the promotion of co-operation in order to achieve !~aghrebianEconomic Ccmmunity.
It is also to ssek a suitable. policy to be adopted by the member states in their external eccnomic :relatio'ns particularly, with- the EEC;
Institutional structure and functions: The CPC!.! is composed of representatives of the member States except that the office of Chairman can only be held by a representative who is of ministerial rank. The Secretariat of the CPaM is headed by an Administrative Secretary appointed by the Chairman. The recommendations of the CPOM and its budget are approved by the Conference of ministers of . Economic Affairs of the Maghreb. Several specialized committees such as the Centre for Industrial Studies of the Maghreb (CEI) p.47j Maghreb Esparto Bureau (COMALFA) p.40j Maghreb Committee on Tourism (00) j l.\aghreb Committee on the Co-ordination of Postal and Telecommunication Services (CMCPT)j
Maghreb Commission for Transport and CommuniCations which has as subsidiaries the following speofalized committees: Maghreb Committees on Air Transport (~f.rA);
Maghreb Committee on Rail Transport (CTFM); Maghreb Committees on Employment and Labour (CMET); Maghreb Committee on Standardization (COMANOR); Maghreb Committee on Insurance and Re-insurance (CMAR);and Maghreb Committee on
Pharmaceutical Products (~p), have been established under the aegis of the CPCM.
Observations: The
