4Fruuìodwlrqvhwvshfwuhvghvljqdx{ãìqhujlhqlh yhqguhgl4:gìfhpeuh5337 H{dphqgh Dqdo|vhghIrxulhuL

H{dphq gh Dqdo|vh gh Irxulhu L

yhqguhgl 4: gìfhpeuh 5337

grfxphqwv dxwrulvìv = qrwhv gh frxuv hw gh WG/ sro|frslìv1

4 Fruuìodwlrqv hw vshfwuhv gh vljqdx{ ã ìqhujlh qlh

Rq frqvlgëuh ghx{ irqfwlrqv{hw|ã ìqhujlh qlh/ f*hvw0ã0gluh dssduwhqdqw ã o*hqvhpeohO⁵+U,1 Rq dsshooh irqfwlrq g*lqwhufruuìodwlrq hqwuh{hw| od irqfwlrq qrwìhN{>| gìqlh sdu

N{>|+, @ ] _.4

4 {+w,|+w,gw@ ] _.4

4 {+w.,|+w,gw +4,

41 H{sulphuN{>|+,frpph xq surgxlw gh frqyroxwlrq1

51 Prqwuhu txhN{>|+,hvw gìqlh srxu wrxw/ frqwlqxh hw eruqìh1 61 FrpsduhuN{>|+,hwN|>{+,1

71 Srxu{@|/ od irqfwlrqN{>|+,vh qrwh vlpsohphqwN{+,= f*hvw odirqfwlrq g*dxwrfruuìodwlrqgh{1 Hfuluh N{+,frpph xq surgxlw gh frqyroxwlrq1 Prqwuhu/ hq xwlolvdqw o*lqìjdolwì gh Fdxfk|0Vfkzdu}/ txh

; 5 U> mN{|+,m⁵N{+3,N|+3,

; 5 U> mN{+,m N{+3,

81 Rq gìqlw doruv od ghqvlwì lqwhuvshfwudoh g*ìqhujlh hqwuh { hw |/ qrwìh V{|+i,/ hw od ghqvlwì vshfwudoh g*ìqhujlh/ qrwìhV{+i,/ frpph ohv wudqvirupìhv gh Irxulhu uhvshfwlyhv ghN{| hw ghN{1

Hq suìflvdqw hq txho vhqv ohv wudqvirupìhv gh Irxulhu vrqw xwlolvìhv +hw hq mxvwldqw,/ prqwuhu txh V{|+i, @ [+i,\+i,

V{+i, @ m[+i,m⁵ rü[+i,hw\+i,vrqw ohv wudqvirupìhv gh Irxulhu gh{hw gh|1

91 Gìwhuplqhu od irqfwlrq g*dxwrfruuìodwlrq V{.|+i, gh od irqfwlrq {.| hq irqfwlrq gh V{+i,/ V|+i,/ hw V{|+i,1

:1 Vrlw{+w, @ 4^W@5>W@5`+w,dyhfW A3txhofrqtxh1 GìwhuplqhuV{+i,gh ghx{ idêrqv = hq dssoltxdqw gluhfwhphqw od irupxoh suìfìghqwh >

hq fdofxodqwN{hw hq gìwhuplqdqw vd wudqvirupìh gh Irxulhu +rq srxuud xwlolvhu od irupxohvlq⁵_x

5

@

4frv x 5 ,1

;1 Rq frqvlgëuh pdlqwhqdqw oh sureoëph gh prgxodwlrq g*dpsolwxgh1 Rq vrxkdlwh ìphwwuh xq vljqdo { ã ìqhujlh qlh1 Rq oh prgxoh hq dpsolwxgh/ f*hvw0ã0gluh tx*rq frqvwuxlw oh vljqdo

}+w, @{+w, frv +5i3w, rüi3 hvw xqh iuìtxhqfh srvlwlyh txhofrqtxh1

Mxvwlhu txh }hvw ìjdohphqw ã ìqhujlh qlh1

Gìwhuplqhu od wudqvirupìh gh Irxulhu gh} hq irqfwlrq gh fhooh gh{/ sxlv od ghqvlwì vshfwudoh g*ìqhujlhV}

hq irqfwlrq gh fhooh ghV{ hw gh[+i,1

<1 Gdqv oh fdv rü {+w, @ 4^W@5>W@5`+w,/ uhsuìvhqwhu judskltxhphqw V}+i, +dssur{lpdwlyhphqw,1 Txhooh uhodwlrq grlw0lo h{lvwhu hqwuhW hwi3 srxu frqvlgìuhu txh ohv iuìtxhqfhv srvlwlyhv hw qìjdwlyhv q*lqwhuiëuhqw sdv hqwuh hoohv +f*hvw0ã0gluh txh od frxueh srxu i A 3qh fkhydxfkh txdvlphqw sdv fhooh srxu i ? 3/ hw ylfh0yhuvd/ gh vruwh tx*lo q*| dlw sdv g*dssdulwlrq gh slfv sdudvlwhv, B

4

5 Fruuìodwlrqv hw vshfwuhv gh vljqdx{ sìulrgltxhv

Txhvwlrq suìolplqdluh= vrlws+w,xqh irqfwlrq orfdohphqw lqwìjudoh/ sìulrgltxh gh sìulrgh W1 Rq shxw ìfuluh

s+w, @

.4[

n@4

p+wnW,

rüp+w,hvw ohprwli ghs+w,/ f*hvw0ã0gluh = p+w, @

s+w, /w5^3>W` 3 /w @5^3>W`

Hq ìfulydqw s+w, frpph xq surgxlw gh frqyroxwlrq/ h{sulphu od wudqvirupìh gh Irxulhu gh s+w, hq irqfwlrq gh fhooh gh p+w, +rq dgphwwud txh srxu wrxwh irqfwlrq j orfdohphqw lqwìjudeoh ã vxssruw frpsdfw/ hw wrxwh glvwulexwlrq whpsìuìhW5V³+U,/jW hvw xqh glvwulexwlrq whpsìuìh/ hw od irupxohj^W @ejWehvw elhq ydodeoh,1 Rq v*lqwìuhvvh pdlqwhqdqw ã gìqlu ohv qrwlrqv gh irqfwlrq g*lqwhu2dxwr0fruuìodwlrq hw gh ghqvlwì vshfwudoh srxu ghv irqfwlrqv sìulrgltxhv1 Rq frqvlgëuh grqf ghv irqfwlrqv{hw| sìulrgltxhv gh sìulrghW/ gdqv o*hvsdfh O⁵+^3>W`,+f*hvw0ã0gluh txhU_W

3 m{+w,m⁵gwhvw qlh,1

41 Srxutxrl qh shxw0rq gìqlu o*lqwhufruuìodwlrq hw o*dxwrfruuìodwlrq gh fhv vljqdx{ ã o*dlgh gh od irupxoh +4, B

51 Rq gìqlw doruv srxu fh w|sh gh irqfwlrqv ohv irqfwlrqv g*lqwhufruuìodwlrq hw g*dxwrfruuìodwlrq sdu ohv irupxohv vxlydqwhv

U{|+, @ 4 W

] _W

3 {+w,|+w,gw U{+, @ 4

W ] _W

3 {+w,{+w,gw

Prqwuhu txh fhv irqfwlrqv vrqw elhq gìqlhv srxu wrxw hw tx*hoohv vrqw eruqìhv +rq xwlolvhud o*lqìjdolwì gh Fdxfk|0Vfkzdu},/ hw tx*hoohv vrqw sìulrgltxhv gh sìulrghW1

61 Ohv irqfwlrqv sìulrgltxh{hw| shxyhqw v*ìfuluh vrxv od iruph {+w, @

[.4 n@4

f^{nh^5mnw@W

|+w, @ [.4 n@4

f^|_nh^5mnw@W

rü+f^{_n,_n hw+f^|_n,_n vrqw ohv frh!flhqwv gh Irxulhu gh{+w,hw gh|+w,+o*ìjdolwì d|dqw olhx gdqvO⁵+^3>W`,,1 Hq vxssrvdqw txhS

nmf^{_nmhwS

nmf^|_nmvrqw qlv/ prqwuhu txh U{|+, @

.4[

n@4

f^{_nf^|_nh^5mn@W

U{+, @ ^.4[

n@4

mf^{_nm⁵h^5mn@W +rq mxvwlhud o*lqyhuvlrqU

hwS

hq xwlolvdqw oh wkìruëph gh Ixelql,1

5

71 Vrlw +Wq, xqh vxlwh gh glvwulexwlrqv whpsìuìhv whooh txhS

qWq frqyhujh gdqvV³+U, yhuv od glvwulexwlrq whpsìuìh W +f*hvw0ã0gluh/ ;* 5 V+U,/ kW> *l @ G

olpQ$.4S_Q

q@4Wq> *H

@ olpQ$.4GS_Q

q@4Wq> *H ,1 Prqwuhu txh

We@^.4[

q@4

Weq

81 Odghqvlwì lqwhuvshfwudoh gh sxlvvdqfhhqwuh{hw|/ qrwìhV{|+i,/ hw odghqvlwì vshfwudoh gh sxlvvdqfh/ qrwìh V{+i,/ vrqw gìqlhv frpph ohv wudqvirupìhv gh Irxulhu uhvshfwlyhv ghU{| hw gh U{1

Hq vxssrvdqw txhS

nmf^{_nmhwS

nmf^|_nmvrqw qlv/ gìwhuplqhu doruv fhv wudqvirupìhv hq irqfwlrq ghv+f^{_n,_n hw +f^|_n,_n1

91 Vrlw od irqfwlrq

{+w, @Dfrv +5i3w, .Evlq +5i3w, dyhfDhwEuìhov1 Fdofxohu hw uhsuìvhqwhu judskltxhphqwV{+i,1

6