Phvxuh0Lqwìjudwlrq/ Dqdo|vh gh Irxulhu/ Glvwulexwlrqv/

(1)

Fruuhfwlrq gh o*h{dphq gh

Phvxuh0Lqwìjudwlrq/ Dqdo|vh gh Irxulhu/ Glvwulexwlrqv/

Txhvwlrqv suìolplqdluhv =

41 Srxu% @ 4/ vrlw {n+w, @ ^w_n$ⁿh^dwx+w,1 Rq d {n 5O⁴+U,_O⁵+U,/ grqf ohv W I gh {n gdqv O⁴+U, hw gdqv O⁵+U,fròqflghqw1 Dlqvl/

[n+i, @ ]

U{n+w,h^5miwgw@] _.4

3

wⁿ

n$h^+d.5li,wgw

@ 4

n$

#

wⁿ h^+d.5li,w +d. 5mi,

.4

3 . n

d. 5mi ] .4

3 wⁿ⁴h^+d.5li,wgw

$

@ n+n4,$

n$ +d. 5mi, ] _.4

3

wⁿ⁴

+n4,$h^+d.5mi,wgw@ 4

d. 5mi[n4+i, Sdu uìfxuuhqfh/ rq d grqf[n+i, @ _+d.5mi,⁴ n[3+i,/ hw[3+i, @ _d.5mi⁴ 1 G*rü

[n+i, @ 4 +d. 5li,^n.4

Srxu%@4/ rq shxw uhidluh oh fdofxo/ rx elhq yrlu txh{hn+w, @^w_n$ⁿh^dwx+w, @ +4,ⁿ{n+w,/ hw grqf [hn+i, @ +4,ⁿ[n+i, @ 4

+d. 5mi,^n.4

51 Srxu wrxwn3/ ohv irqfwlrqv _{+ d.5mi,}⁴ n.4 vrqw gdqvO⁵+U,/ hw rq ylhqw gh yrlu txh fh vrqw ohv wudqviru0 pìhv gh Irxulhu gdqvO⁵+U, +hw gdqv O⁴+U,, gh irqfwlrqv {n+w, hwh{n+w,1 DlqvlW I⁴

+%d.5mi,4 ^n.4

@

wⁿ

n$h^%dwx+%w,+gdqvO⁵+U,,1 H{huflfh 4 = Ilowuhv dqdorjltxhv1

41 Ohv irqfwlrqv {+w, hw |+w, ìwdqw gdqv V+U,/ ohxuv gìulyìhv oh vrqw dxvvl/ hw{^+o, hw |^+n, vrqw grqf dxvvl gdqvO⁴+U,1 Rq shxw grqf ohxu dssoltxhu ohv irupxohv gh WI gh od gìulyìh +fi1 frxuv,/ hw rq d= g{^+o,+i, @ +5mi,^o[+i,/ hw|g^+n,+i, @ +5mi,ⁿ\+i,1 Hq suhqdqw od WI gh o*ìtxdwlrq

[s n@3

dn|^+n,+w, @ [t o@3

eo{^+o,+w,> +4,

rq rewlhqw grqf

[s n@3

dn+5mi,ⁿ\+i, @ [t o@3

eo+5mi,^o[+i,>

f0ã0g = S+5mi,\+i, @T+5mi,[+i,1 Frpph oh sro|q÷ph S q*d sdv gh udflqh lpdjlqdluh sxuh/ rq d S+5mi,9@ 3;i1 Dlqvl/

\+i, @K+i,[+i,dyhfK+i, @ T+5li, S+5li,1

4

(2)

51 Rq d{5V+U,/ grqf[5V+U,+vwdelolwì ghV+U,sdu WI,1 Grqf[ hvw F⁴/ hw ohv gìulyìhv gh [vrqw ã gìfurlvvdqfh udslgh1 G*dxwuh sduw/K hvw xqh iudfwlrq udwlrqqhooh grqw oh gìqrplqdwhxu qh v*dqqxoh sdv1 GrqfK hvwF⁴/ hwK[ dxvvl/ hw rq d srxu wrxwq hqwlhu

+K[,^+q,+i, @[^q

n@3

F_qⁿK^+n,+i,[^+qn,+i,

+uhpdutxh= píph vl rq qh frqqdñw sdv h{dfwhphqw od irupxoh/ lo hvw vx!vdqw gh gluh txh+K[,^+q,v*ìfulw hq whuph gh surgxlwv hqwuhK^+n, hw gh [^+o,,1 Ru/K^+n, hvw xqh iudfwlrq udwlrqqhooh/ grqf hvw F⁴/ hw qh furñw sdv soxv ylwh tx*xq sro|q÷ph1 Dlqvl/ frpph[^+qn,hvw ã gìfurlvvdqfh udslgh/K^+n,[^+qn,hvw dxvvl ã gìfurlvvdqfh udslgh/ hw+K[,^+q,ìjdohphqw1 Ilqdohphqw/K[hvwF⁴/ hw vhv gìulyìhv vrqw ã gìfurlvvdqfh udslgh/ ê0ã0g\ @K[5V+U,1

Gh soxv/ od WI ìwdqw elmhfwlyh gh V+U, gdqv V+U,/ lo h{lvwh xqh xqltxh irqfwlrq | 5 V+U, whooh txh W I+|, @\1 Fhwwh irqfwlrq| hvw grqf o*xqltxh vroxwlrq gh o*ìtxdwlrq +4,1

uhpdutxh= rq d wurxyì xqh vroxwlrq xqltxh ã xqh ìtxdwlrq glìuhqwlhooh vdqv grqqhu gh frqglwlrqv dx{

olplwhv +rx frqglwlrqv lqlwldohv2qdohv,1 Hq idlw/ fhv frqglwlrqv vrqw lpsolflwhphqw lpsrvìhv sdu oh idlw txh o*rq fkhufkh| gdqvV+U,/ f*hvw0ã0gluh txh o*rq lpsrvh ghv gìulyìhv qxoohv ã o*lqql1

61 olqìdulwì= vl{@4{4.5{5/ rq d \ @K[ @K+4[4.5[5, @4K[4.5K[5 @4\4.5\51 G*rü|@4|4.5|51

lqyduldqfh= vrlw{d+w, @ {+wd,hw [d @W I+{d,1 Rq d = \d+i, @K+i,[d+i, @K+i,[+i,h^5mdi +irupxoh gx uhwdug,@\+i,h^5mdi1 G*rü|d+w, @|+wd,1

frqwlqxlwì= vrlw +{q,_q vxlwh ghV+U, whooh txh {q V+U,

q$.4$ 31 Doruv [q V+U,

q$.4$ 31 GrqfK[q V+U, q$.4$ 3/

f*hvw0ã0gluh\q V+U,

q$.4$ 31 G*rü|q V+U, q$.4$ 31

71 Vlt ? s/Khvw xqh iudfwlrq udwlrqqhooh grqw oh gìqrplqdwhxu hvw gh soxv kdxw ghjuì > dlqvlK+i,

i$ 4 i4ⁿ

dyhfn4/ hw grqfK⁵+i,

i$ 4

i4^o dyhfo@ 5n51 Khvw gh fduuì lqwìjudeoh/ f0ã0gK5O⁵+U,1 Lo h{lvwh grqfk5O⁵+U,whooh txhK@W I+k,+gdqvO⁵+U,,1 Rq d grqf\ @K[ @W I+k,W I+{, @W I+k{, +irupxoh WI2frqyroxwlrq gdqvO⁵+U,,1 Sdu WI lqyhuvh/ rq d grqf|@k{1

81 Vlst/ rq d K @5O⁵+U,1 K q*hvw grqf sdv od WI g*xqh irqfwlrq ghO⁵+U,/ hw grqf ghV+U,/ hw rq q*d soxv\ @W I+k,W I+{, @W I+k{,1 Rq qh shxw grqf soxv ìfuluh|@k{1

uhpdutxh= sdu frqwuh/ rq d wrxmrxuv\ @K[ 5V+U,/ hw|@W I⁴+\,gdqvO⁵+U,1 91 Rq d

K+i, @ [s n@4

n

5li}n

hw grqf/ hq suhqdqw od WI lqyhuvh gdqvO⁵+U,/

k+w, @ [

n5N^.

nW I⁴

4 5li}n

+w, . [

n5N

nW I⁴

4 5li. +}n,

+w,1

Rq dssoltxh doruv ohv uìvxowdwv gh od txhvwlrq suìolplqdluh dyhfd@}n hw%@4srxun5N^./ hwd@}n

hw%@ 4srxu n5N1 G*rü = k+w, @ [

n5N^.

n+h^}ⁿ^w,x+w, . [

n5N

nh^}ⁿ^wx+w, @

# [

n5N

nh^}ⁿ^w

$ x+w,

# [

n5N^.

nh^}ⁿ^w

$ x+w,1

5

(3)

:1 Rq dT+x, @ 4hwS+x, @OUx⁵.UFx. 4/ hw doruv

K+i, @ 4

4 . 5mUFi7⁵OUi⁵ Grqf

mK+i,m@ 4

+47⁵OUi⁵,⁵. 7⁵U⁵F⁵i⁵4@51

Dlqvl/mK+3,m@ 4hwmK+i,m $3txdqg i $ 41 K+i,hvw grqf xq owuh sdvvh0edv1

;1 SrxuU A5t

FO/ o*ìtxdwlrqS+x, @ 3dgphw 5 udflqhv vlpsohv uìhoohv

}4@ UF.s

5OF ?3hw}5@ UFs

5OF ?3

dyhf @U⁵F⁵7OF1 Rq d grqfN@i4>5jhwN^.@>1 Gh soxv/ rq d K+i, @ T+5li,

S+5li,@ 4

OF 4

+5mi}4, +5mi}5,

@ 4

OF

+5mi}4,. +5mi }5,

dyhf@@_}₄_}⁴ ₅1 G*rü =

k+w, @ OF

h^}⁴^wh^}⁵^w x+w,

H{huflfh 5 = Ilowuhv dqdorjltxhv hw glvwulexwlrqv1 41 Vrlw!5V+U,1 Rq d

g^+n,> ! @G ^+n,>!eH

@ +4,ⁿ

>e!^+n, @ +4,ⁿe!^+n,+3,

!ìwdqw gdqvV+U,/wⁿ!+w,hvw dxvvl gdqvV+U,/ grqf gdqvO⁴+U,/ hw rq de!^+n,+i, @W I

+5mw,ⁿ!+w, +i,1 G*rü

e!^+n,+3, @]

U+5mw,ⁿ!+w,gw@G

+5mw,ⁿ> !H 1 Dlqvl/

g^+n,@ +5mw,ⁿ

+lo idxw frpsuhqguh oh whuph gh gurlwh frpph od glvwulexwlrq uìjxolëuh dvvrflìh ã od irqfwlrq+5mw,ⁿ,1 51 Rq d

K+i, @ [s n@4

n

5li}n . [ts n@3

n+5li,ⁿ

6

(4)

G*dsuëv fh txl suìfëgh/+5li,ⁿhvw od WI gdqvV³+U,gh^+n,1 Hq xwlolvdqw hq soxv ohv uìvxowdwv ghv txhvwlrqv suìolplqdluhv/ rq d grqf

k@

# [

n5N

nh^}ⁿ^w

$ x+w,

# [

n5N^.

nh^}ⁿ^w

$

x+w, .

ts[

n@3

n^+n,1

+oã dxvvl/ lo idxw frpsuhqguh ohv 5 irqfwlrqv gx whuph gh gurlwh frpph ohv glvwulexwlrqv uìjxolëuhv dvvrflìhv ã fhv irqfwlrqv,1

61 Rq d

K+i, @ +5mi,⁵. 5mi . 4

5mi.d @3.45li. 4

5li}4

dyhf3@ 4d/4@ 4/}4@d/ hw4@ 4d.d⁵1 G*dsuëv od txhvwlrq 5/ rq d doruv k@3.4³.4h^dwx+w,

7