HAL Id: hal-00308121
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00308121
Submitted on 29 Jul 2008
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Election and Local Computations on Edges
Jérémie Chalopin, Yves Métivier
To cite this version:
Jérémie Chalopin, Yves Métivier. Election and Local Computations on Edges. International confer- ence on Foundations of System Specification and Computation Structures (FoSSaCS 2004), Mar 2004, Spain. pp.90–104. �hal-00308121�
(
*)!++-,/.#0!1243
576
8:9
6
8:;=<>82?4@BADCFEHGI<FJ
K"L
8:MN
6
8OP<
L
<F8Q9
RSDTVUVWQXZY\[^]`_badcDYQeHY:adfVghUVTQihfDYkjmlVf
nko:p!q4rts
u4vbwyxVzP{}|~wDzp!Q{tZz\oQZ rsb^Z^rq4p4s
Vh dH{}|4Hzonwy!zP{toQ}wydv
::dV2 o:yzv zdsZ{to:v z
b ¢¡I£¤¦¥+§kI¨}£
©
@I8ªGkEH<FJbO«EH¬¢8QGBAH9tOP®I9P8ªADJB¯O@I8°;=EDO<
L
AhOP<>EZJ¬±EH9 O@I<²M«GBADGk8Q9«AD9P8³OP@I8ª9P8:M®IC>OPM ED¬
´
JIµZC>®I<FJ·¶¸Q¹»º@B<F¼@½@BAHM"<FJbO9PEI®B¼8d°A¾OEEHC!OPEAHJBADCF¿ÀQ8O@I8Á8:C>8d¼\O<FEHJ½ADCFµHEZ9<>O@I;ÂkO@B8
¼E
L
8:9<FJIµbMQÃ
K
AD;ÁAZMt@I<>OPAAHJBÅÄ2AD;=8dIAƶÇI¸¹4AHJBÆN³ADÀ:®I9È<F8Qº<²¼À³¶>¸dÉh¹ º@I<²¼@½@A
L
8ÁEHÊIË
OPAD<FJI8d¼@BAD9AH¼O8:9<FÀ:ADO<FEHJBM"ED¬µZ9PAHGI@BM2<FJº@I<²¼@Å8QCF8:¼O<FEHJ<²MGkEZMPM<>ÊICF8®IJ¢8Q9O}º4E°¢<¬`Ë
¬±8Q9P8QJbO¾;=E¢¢8QC²MÁED¬¢<²MtO9P<>ÊI®IO8:¼QEH;=GI®¢OAhOP<>EZJBMQÌͦ®I9¾AD<F;Î<²MÁO}ºED¬±EZCF^Ì Ï!<>9M}O <O¾<²M=OPE
EHÊ¢OAD<FJ¾¼@BAD9AH¼O8:9<FÀ:ADO<FEHJBMEH¬^µH9ADGI@M <FJº@I<²¼@¾8:C>8d¼\O<FEHJ¾<FMGkEZMPMt<FÊICF8+®IJBI8Q9<>JbO8:9;=8d¢<Ë
AhO8;=E¢¢8QC²M»Êk8O}º8Q8QJO@B8;=E¢¢8:CFM»EH¬
K
AD;ÁAZMt@I<>OPADËÐÄ2AH;=8:IA¦ADJBED¬ÑN³ADÀ:®I9È<F8Qº<²¼ÀZÌDͦ®B9
Mt8d¼EHJ½AH<>;Ò<FM2OE³®IJ¢8Q9M}OADJB°OP@I8<F;GBC><²¼QADO<FEHJBM2EH¬4OP@I8;=E¢¢8QC²M¬±EZ92O@I8¾ÊEZ9P¢8:9CF<FJI8
Ê8QO}º48:8QJGEbMt<>O<
L
8ADJJI8:µZADO<
L
898dMt®IC>OPMÓ¬±EZ97¢<FMtO9P<FÊI®¢O8d¼QEH;=GI®¢OAhOP<>EZJBMQÌhÔ~JO@B<FM»ºEH9PÈÑÃ
¼@BAD9AH¼O8Q9P<FÀ:AhOP<>EZJBMAD9P8¦EZÊ¢OPAH<>JI8d«®IJB¢8:9O@I9P8Q8¢<>ÕÑ8Q9P8QJbO;E¢¢8:CFM:Ì
Ö×mÖ ØÙ!Ú³ÛÝÜ0ÞÓÚß
à
8Á¼EZJBM<F¢8:9¦JB8O}ºEH9PÈM¦ED¬GI9PE¼Q8:MPMtEZ9PM+º<OP@½AH9ÊB<OP9PAH9¿ OEZGEZC>EZµH¿HÌ
´
JI8O}ºEH9PÈ<FM9P8QGIË
98dMt8:JZOP8: AHMA¼QEHJIJB8:¼\OP8:áâ®BJB¢<F98d¼\O8dµZ9PAHGI@¾º@I8:98
L
8:9tOP<F¼Q8:M¢8QJBEDO8GI9PE¢¼8dMMEH9M AHJB
8:¢µZ8:M¢8QJIEHO8¢<F98d¼\OÁ¼EH;=;®IJI<²¼QAhOP<>EZJCF<>JIÈ¢M:Ìâ0ADÊk8QC²MAD9P8 AhOOPAZ¼@I8:OE
L
8Q9O<²¼8dMAHJB
8:¢µZ8:M:Ì
©
@I8<²¢8QJbOP<OP<>8dMED¬!O@B8
L
8:9tOP<F¼Q8:M:ÃBAÁ¢<²M}OP<>JIµZ®I<²Mt@I8d
L
8:9tOP8ãáÃO@I8Jb®B;Êk8Q9+EH¬!GB9EHË
¼8:MPMEH9MQÃ\OP@I8¢<FAH;=8O8:90EH¬¢O@I8µH9ADGI@EZ9^O@B8 OPEHGkEHCFEHµH¿AD9P878Qã¢AH;=GIC>8dM^EH¬ICFAHÊ8:CFM!AhOOPAH¼@B8:
OE
L
8Q9O<²¼8dMQäbº8Q<FµH@bOPM:ÃZ;ÁAH9È¢M O@BADO8:JB¼E¢¢8AMGBADJBJI<>JBµOP98:8¦EZ9 OP@I8"M8QJMt8¦ED¬Ó¢<F9P8:¼\OP<>EZJ
AD9P8"8QãIAD;=GICF8:MED¬!CFAHÊ8:CFMADOtOAH¼@I8d¾OPE=8:¢µZ8:M:Ì
´
O8dAH¼@«M}OP8QG«ED¬!¼QEH;=GI®¢OAhOP<>EZJ C²ADÊk8QC²MAD9P8¦;=E¢¢<>åB8:«EZJ¾8ãIAZ¼\OCF¿EZJI8¦8d¢µH82AHJB¾<>OPM
8QJB
L
8Q9O<²¼8dMED¬ÑO@B8+µH<
L
8:J=µH9ADGI@^ÃZAH¼Q¼QEH9¢<FJIµ"OE¼Q8Q9OPAD<FJÁ9P®IC>8dM7¢8:G8:JB¢<FJIµEZJOP@I8+C²ADÊk8QC
ED¬!O@I<²M8:¢µZ8ADJB¾O@B82CFAHÊ8:CFMEH¬!<>OPM8:JB
L
8Q9O<²¼8:MEZJIC>¿ZÌ
©
@®BM9P®IC>8dMAD9P8ED¬0OP@I8¬±EH9P;Â
æ
ÂHçèêé ëè ìkí
ìkí
ìkí ç7îèêé
î
ë¢îè
ï
®B¼@ÅCFE¼:ADC ¼QEH;=GI®¢OAhOP<>EZJBMAD9P8¼QAHC>CF8:ÆCFE¢¼QAHC ¼EZ;GB®¢OPADO<FEHJBM2EZJżCFEZM8:Æ8:IµH8:M<>JÆOP@I<FM
GBADGk8Q9dÌ
©
@I898:CFAHÊ8:C>CF<FJIµ¦<²M»Gk8Q9¬±EH9P;8d®IJbOP<>C¢JIE;=EH9P84O9ADJBMt¬±EH9P;ÁAhO<FEHJ<FM»GkEZMPMt<FÊICF8HÃh<Ì8ZÌ>Ã
©
@I88QCF8:¼O<FEHJGI9PEHÊICF8Q; <²MEHJI8ED¬»O@I8GBAD9AH¢<FµH;ÁMEH¬!OP@I82OP@I8QEZ9¿ ED¬¢<FMtO9P<FÊI®¢O8d³¼EZ;Ë
GI®¢O<FJIµÌBÔÐO¦ºAHMå9PMtO+GkEZM8:Ê¿ â08:â0AHJIJ¶>¸h¹ÐÌk?4EZJBMt<²¢8:9<FJIµA=JI8QO}º4EZ9ÈEH¬GI9E¢¼Q8:MPMtEZ9PM:Ã
O@I8 8QCF8:¼\OP<>EZJÅGI9PEHÊICF8Q; <FMOE½AD9P9<
L
8ÁAhO=A³¼EZJ¢åBµZ®I9PADO<FEHJ½º@I8Q9P88Qã¢AZ¼\OPC>¿½EHJI8¾GI9E¢¼Q8:MtË
MtEZ9¦<²M<>JªO@I8ÁMtOPADO8°ADJB°ADCFC»EDO@B8Q9GI9PE¼Q8:MPMtEZ9PM¦AD9P8<FJªOP@I8ÁM}OAhOP8! #"$ &%'hÌ
©
@I88QCF8:¼\OP8:
L
8Q9O8Qã<FM®BM8:¾OE;ÁADÈZ8"¢8d¼<²Mt<FEHJMQÃbOE=¼8:JbO9ADCF<>À:8¦EZ9 OPEÊB9EbAHI¼:AHMtOMEH;=8
<>J¢¬±EZ9;ÁADO<FEHJ^Ì
(
ÓÜ)*,+ Ú-.!ß/ -102 Ü.34:Ù!Ú5"ßÚ Ü6hÜ&»ßÚ×87
9ADGI@BMº@I8Q9P88QCF8:¼O<FEHJ·<FM
GEbMM<>ÊBC>8=º8Q9P8=AHC>9P8:AZ¢¿³MtO®B¢<F8:^ÃáO@I8ÁAHC>µZEH9P<OP@I;ÁM¦®Mt®BAHC>CF¿³<FJ
L
EHC
L
8dªMEH;=8=GBAD9O<²¼®BCFAH9
ÈbJBEhºC>8d¢µH8¾AHJB MEH;=8 GBAD9O<²¼®IC²AD9ÊBAHM<²¼¾¼EZ;=GI®¢OPADO<FEHJ M}OP8QGBM:Ì
ï
EHC
L
<FJIµªO@I8GI9PEHÊICF8Q;
¬±EH92¢<>Õk8:98:JZOÈJIEhºCF8:¢µZ8@BAZM¦Êk8Q8:J°<FJ
L
8dM}OP<>µbAhO8d¬±EH92MEH;=8GBAD9O<²¼®IC²AD9¼QAZMt8dM:9mMt8:8«¶Ç¢Ã
¸dÇ¢ÃQ¸;h¹á¬±EZ9¢8OAD<FCFM<<FJB¼CF®B¢<FJIµÂO@B8JI8O}ºEH9PÈÁ<²MÈbJBEhºJ¾OPEÁÊ8AO9P8Q8ZâO@B82JI8O}ºEH9PÈÁ<FM
ÈbJBEhºJ OPEÁÊ8¼EH;=GICF8OP8HÃBO@I8JB8O}ºEH9PÈ<FMÈbJBEhºJ OPEÊk8A=µH9P<F«EZ9AOEH9P®BM:âO@B8JIE¢¢8:M
@BA
L
8+I<ÕÑ8Q9P8QJbO <²¢8QJbOP<å¼:AhOP<>EZJJ®I;Êk8Q9MQÃHO@I8¦JI8O}ºEH9PÈ<²M4ÈbJBEhºJ=OEÊk8¦A9<FJIµAHJBÁ@BAZM
A2ÈJIEhºJÁGI9P<>;=8J®I;Ê8:9 ED¬
L
8Q9O<²¼8dMQÌb?4@AD9AH¼\OP8Q9P<>ÀdAhOP<>EZJBM»ED¬^µZ9PAHGI@BMº@I8:98+8QCF8:¼\OP<>EZJÁ<FM
GEbMM<>ÊBC>8@BA
L
8"Êk8Q8:JµH<
L
8QJ«®IJBI8Q9O}ºE;=E¢¢8:CFMEH¬»¼QEH;=GI®¢OAhO<FEHJMQÌ
=
Ô~J°¶Ç¢¸Q¹Ã
K
AD;ÁAHM@I<>OPAADJB Ä2AD;=8:BA¼EZJBMt<²¢8:9 OP@I8+¬±EZC>CFEhº<FJIµAZMt¿JB¼@I9PEHJBEH®BM ;E¢¢8:CmÌ
Ô~J8dAH¼@MtO8:G^ÃhA
L
8:9tOP8ãáÃV¢8QGk8QJBI<>JIµ"EHJ<OMÓ¼Q®I9P98:JZO!CFAHÊ8:CmÃV8:<OP@I8Q9¼@BAHJIµH8dM^<>OPM!CFAHÊ8:CmÃ
Mt8:JBIM"A¾;=8dMMPADµZ8
L
<FA¾EHJI8ED¬7<>OPM"GEZ9tOMQÃkEH9"9P8:¼8:<
L
8:M¦A;=8:MPMAHµH8
L
<²A¾A GEZ9tOdÌ
©
@B8
OEZGEZC>EZµH¿¾EH¬O@I8µH9ADGI@<²M+AZMM®I;=8:«OPEÊ8ÈJIEhºJ^Ì
©
@B8Q¿«GI9E
L
8: O@AhO:ÃkÈJIEhº<FJIµ
O@I8OPEHGkEHCFEHµZ¿EH9»OP@I8Mt<FÀQ8EH¬OP@I8JI8QO}º4EZ9ÈÑÃdO@I8:988Qã¢<FMtOPM7AHJ8:C>8d¼\OP<>EZJ=AHC>µZEH9P<OP@I; ¬±EZ9
>
<¬!ADJB=EZJIC>¿=<>¬áO@I8"Mt¿;=;=8OP9<²¼<>O}¿=ED¬
>
<²M78?b®BAHCBOPE¸:9º@I8Q9P8OP@I8¦M¿;;=8QO9P<F¼Q<O}¿
¢8QGk8QJIM!EHJOP@I8Jb®B;Êk8Q9!ED¬BC²ADÊk8QCFC>8d2OP98:8:MÓ<FMEH;=EH9PGI@OPE"A¦¼8Q9OPAH<>JO9P8Q84AZMME¢¼<²AhOP8:
OE
>
<9¶ÇI¸¹ÐÃ
©
@I8QEZ98:; ¸G^Ì@DÉA<\Ì
=
Ô~J ¶>¸dÉh¹Ã^NªADÀQ®B9È<F8Qº<²¼À=¼EHJMt<²¢8Q9M+O@I8=¬±EZC>CFEhº<>JBµ«AZMt¿JB¼@I9PEHJBEH®BM+;E¢¢8:CmÌ0Ô~J°8dAH¼@
M}OP8QG^ÃÑC²ADÊk8QC²M¦AH98;=EI<åB8d³EZJªA M®IÊIµZ9PAHGI@³¼EZJBM<FMtO<FJIµ¾EH¬ A¾JBEI8ADJ³<>OPM"JI8Q<FµH@IË
ÊEZ®I9MQÃDAZ¼Q¼EZ9PI<>JIµ¦OE¼Q8Q9OPAH<>J9®BC>8dM¢8QGk8QJBI<>JIµ2EZJO@I<²M7M®IÊIµH9ADGB@EHJBC>¿ZÌCB8GI9PE
L
8dM
O@BADO:õH<
L
8:J¾AµH9ADGI@
>ED
O@B8Q9P8¦8Qã<²MtOPMADJ¾8:C>8d¼\OP<>EZJ¾ADCFµHEZ9<>O@I;¬±EZ9
>
<>¬!AHJBÁEZJIC>¿=<>¬
>
<²M+;=<FJI<F;=AHC»¬±EH9¦O@I8Á¼QE
L
8Q9P<FJIµÁ98:CFADO<FEHJF9AµZ9PAHGI@HGÎ<FMA«¼E
L
8:9<FJIµEH¬4AµZ9PAHGI@
I
<>¬^O@B8Q9P8+8ã¢<²M}OM AMt®I9KJ}8:¼O<
L
8¦;EZ9GB@I<FM;ML½¬±9EZ;MG EHJbOE
I
º@I<²¼@;ÁADGBM4ÊI<J}8:¼\Ë
O<
L
8:C>¿O@I8JI8:<>µZ@ÊEZ®I9PM»EH¬ÑAHJ¿
L
8:9tOP8ãONEHJbOEOP@I8JI8Q<FµH@ÊkEH®I9M»ED¬PLQ9/N2<\äA"µH9ADGI@EG
<FM4;=<>JB<>;ÁADCÑ<>¬^º@I8QJB8
L
8:9RG/¼E
L
8:9PM A2µH9ADGI@
I
O@I8:J!G AHJB
I
AD9P8<FMEH;=EZ9GI@B<F¼HÌ<Ì
Ö×TS ØÙ!Ú³ÛU0&VW+¾Ú- .ÓßV-
à
898d¼QADCFC^OP@BAhOAhO"8:AH¼@³MtO8:G³ED¬ ¼QEH;=GI®¢OAhOP<>EZJ^ÃC²ADÊk8QC²M"AD9P8;=EI<åB8dEHJª8ãIAH¼OCF¿¾O}ºE
L
8Q9O<²¼8dMC><FJIÈH8dÊ¿ AHJ 8:IµH8ADJB EHJ O@I<²M=8:IµH8«ED¬+OP@I8µH<
L
8:J µH9ADGB@^ÃAH¼Q¼QEH9¢<FJIµ³OPE
¼8Q9OPAH<>Jª9®ICF8:M¢8:G8:JB¢<FJIµ«EHJ³OP@I8CFAHÊ8:CFM"ED¬ O@I<²M"8:¢µZ8ADJ³EHJªO@I8C²ADÊk8QC²M¦EH¬O@I8O}ºE
L
8Q9O<²¼8dMEHJICF¿HÌYX+JB¢8Q9=OP@I<²MÁ@¿bGkEDOP@I8:M<²MQú8µH<
L
8A½¼@AD9AH¼\OP8Q9P<>ÀdAhOP<>EZJÅED¬µH9ADGI@BM¬±EZ9
º@I<F¼@ÆOP@I8Q9P88Qã<²MtOPMAHJÅ8QCF8:¼O<FEHJADCFµHEZ9<>O@B;«ÌÓNEH9P8ÁGI9P8:¼<²M8QCF¿HÃ0º8GI9PE
L
8OP@BAhOdÃÓµZ<
L
8QJ
A°M<>;=GICF8µH9ADGI@
> 9µH9ADGI@ º<OP@IEH®¢OM8QC>¬`ËCFEEHG EH9=;®BCOP<>GICF88:¢µZ8:M<2OP@I8Q9P88ã¢<²M}OMAHJ
8QCF8:¼\OP<>EZJADCFµHEZ9<>O@I;/¬±EH9
>
<>¬+ADJB½EZJIC>¿½<>¬
>
<²M2;=<FJI<>;ÁAHC7¬±EH9O@I8 ¼E
L
8:9<FJIµ9P8QC²AhO<FEHJ0Ì
à
@I8Q9P8=O@I8ÁJBEDO<FEHJÆEH¬¼QE
L
8Q9P<FJIµ <²MAµZ8QJI8:9PAHC><FÀ:ADO<FEHJªEH¬4OP@I8GI9P8
L
<FEH®BMEZJI8HÌ^Ï!<F9PMtOº8
L
ÏIEH9O@I<²M¼QCFAZMMED¬µH9ADGI@MQÃ0A³µH9ADGI@ G <²MA¼E 8Q9P<>JBµ«EH¬AµH9ADGI@ <>¬O@I8:98¾8ã¢<FMtOPM
A M®I9VJ}8d¼\OP<
L
8ª;=EH9PGI@I<²Mt; L¬±9PEH; G EZJbOE
I
Mt®¼@¯O@AhO:ì±EZ9 8
L
8Q9P¿
L
8Q9O8Qã N D O@B8
98dM}OP9<²¼\OP<>EZJ³ED¬ L OPE¾OP@I8=Mt8QO"EH¬ 8:¢µZ8:M¦<>J¼<²¢8QJbO"OE N«<²MA¾ÊB<J}8d¼\O<FEHJ°Ê8QO}º48:8QJªO@I<²MMt8QO
ED¬»8:¢µZ8:MADJB OP@I8Mt8QOED¬»8:¢µZ8:M<FJB¼<²¢8QJbOOPEELQ9VN<
©
@I<FM¼QEHJB¢<>O<FEHJ&<FMJBEDO8?b®I<
L
AHC>8:JbO OPE OP@I8ƼEHJ¢<OP<>EZJ&EH¬N³AHÀQ®I9PÈ<>8:º<F¼QÀHÌÔЬº8
¼EHJMt<²¢8Q9O@I8«9P<>JIµªº<OP@
ªL
8Q9O<²¼8dMQÃ!¢8QJIEHO8d
æ D
OP@I8QJ <O=<²M;=<FJI<>;ÁAHC ¬±EZ9OP@I8åB9MtO
JIEDOP<>EZJ°EH¬4¼E
L
8Q9P<>JIµ ÊI®¢O<>O2<FMJIEHO";=<FJI<F;=AHC¬±EH9"OP@I8=µH8QJB8Q9ADCF<>ÀdAhO<FEHJ0ÌÔ~JBI8Q8:^ÃѬ±EH9O@B8
µH8QJB8Q9ADCF<>ÀdAhO<FEHJ <O+¼QE
L
8:9PM4O@B82µH9ADGI@ G I8åBJI8d«Êb¿Ç
L
8Q9O<²¼8dM@BA
L
<>JBµAÁ¢EZ®IÊICF88:¢µZ8
9M8Q8Ï!<>µÌ>¸ <\Ì
z:{to xVzP{}| zQ{to
©
@b®M7OP@I8Q9P8¦8Qã¢<FMtOPMADJ8:C>8d¼\OP<>EZJ ADCFµHEZ9<>O@B; ¬±EZ9 æ
<>J¾O@I8";=EI8QCÑED¬0N³AHÀQ®I9PÈ<>8:º<F¼QÀ
ADJB°O@B8Q9P8¢E8:M2JIEHO8ã¢<²M}OAHJ°8:C>8d¼\O<FEHJÅAHC>µZEH9P<OP@I; ¬±EH9 æ
<FJÆO@I8Á;=E¢¢8:C M}OP®B¢<F8:Æ<FJ
O@I<²MGBAHG8:9:Ì
Ô~J¾¬AZ¼\O:ÃOP@I82N³ADÀ:®I9PÈb<F8Qº<²¼ÀADCFµHEZ9<>O@B; <FMA=¢<²M}OP9<FÊI®¢OP8: 8QJ®I;=8Q9AhOP<>EZJ AHC>µZEH9P<OP@I;Â
<O!<FMÓA¢<²M}OP9<FÊI®¢OP8:AHC>µZEH9P<OP@I;&M®B¼@O@AhO^OP@I8 9P8:M®IC>O0ED¬IADJ¿¼EZ;GB®¢OPADO<FEHJ^Ã:<>JAµZ9PAHGI@
>
;<FJI<F;ÁADCk¬±EH9 O@I8¼E
L
8Q9P<>JIµ29P8QC²AhOP<>EZJ^ÃH<²MAC²ADÊk8QCFC><FJIµEH¬áO@I8
L
8:9tOP<F¼Q8:M7O@BADO<²M4AÊI<J}8:¼\OP<>EZJ
±9EZ; 9>
<4OPE b¸
D Ç D
D"!
9> <
!$#
ÏBEH9AµH<
L
8QJ µH9ADGI@
>ED
O@I88:C>8d¼\O<FEHJ GI9PEHÊICF8Q;ðAHJB
O@I88:Jb®B;8:9PADO<FEHJGI9EZÊICF8Q; º<>O@O8:9;=<FJBAhOP<>EZJ¢8QO8d¼\O<FEHJ=AD9P88?b®I<
L
AHC>8:JbO»<FJO@I8;=E¢¢8QC
ED¬^N³ADÀ:®I9PÈb<F8Qº<²¼ÀZäDº8GI9E
L
8O@BADO ®IJB¢8:97OP@I8+MPAD;=8@¿bGkEDOP@I8:M<²MO@B8O}º4E2GB9EZÊIC>8:;ÁM7AD9P8
ADC²MtE28 ?Z®B<
L
ADCF8QJbO7<FJ=O@I8+;E¢¢8:CMtO®BI<>8d=<>J=OP@I<FM GBADGk8Q9dÌ
©
@I<²M7GB9EZG8:9tO}¿<²M7JBE2;EZ98OP9®B8
<¬»º48@BA
L
8JIE=<>J¢¬±EZ9;ÁADO<FEHJ«EHJ O@I82µZ9PAHGI@ CF<FÈH8"O@I8M<FÀQ8EH9OP@I8OEZGEZC>EZµH¿HÌ
Ô~JÅO@I8«Mt8d¼EZJBÆGBAD9OEH¬O@I<²MGADGk8Q9dÃÓº8¾¼EZJBM<F¢8:9OP@I8¬±EZC>CFEhº<>JBµ³;=EI8QCED¬+¼EZ;Ë
GI®¢OPADO<FEHJ^Â^ADO28:AH¼@½M}OP8QGÆED¬¼EZ;GB®¢OPADO<FEHJªC²ADÊk8QC²M2AD9P8;E¢¢<>åB8d°EZJª8Qã¢AZ¼\OPC>¿³EZJI88:¢µZ8
ADJB EHJI8 8QJB
L
8Q9O8QãÆEH¬O@I<²M8:¢µZ8 EH¬O@I8«µH<
L
8:JµH9ADGB@^Ã!AZ¼Q¼QEH9¢<>JBµOE½¼8Q9OPAH<>J 9®BC>8dM
¢8QGk8QJBI<>JIµ¾EHJO@B8CFAHÊ8:C0EH¬!OP@I<²M8:IµH8ADJ«O@I8C²ADÊk8QC²MEH¬<OM8QJ
L
8:9tOP<F¼Q8:MEZJIC>¿ 9±CFE¢¼QADC
¼EH;=GI®IOPAhOP<>EZJBMEHJ«EHGk8QJ8d¢µH8dM <Ì
©
@b®MO@I8¬±EZ9; ED¬0OP@I829P®IC>8dM<FM:Â
æ  çè é ëè ìÑíìkíìkí ç7îè é î
ëè
à
8"GI9PE
L
8OP@BAhOO@B<FM;=E¢¢8QCÑ<²M48 ?b®I<
L
AHC>8:JZOOEO@B8¦;=E¢¢8QCáMtO®BI<>8d¾<FJOP@I8"åB9PMtO4GAD9O
Êb¿®BM<FJIµ+AM<>;®IC²AhO<FEHJAHC>µZEH9P<OP@I;Ì
©
@®BMÓº48 EHÊ¢OAD<FJADC²MtE+A¦¼@BAD9AH¼O8:9<FÀ:ADO<FEHJ"ED¬¢µH9ADGI@M
º@I8Q9P88:C>8d¼\O<FEHJ<²M¦GEbMM<>ÊBC>8ZÌ
©
@I<²M¦98dMt®IC>O¦<²M¦JIEDO"<>;=;=8:¢<²AhOP8HÂk¬±EH9¦8ãIAD;=GICF8HÃk®BM<>JBµO@B8
åB9PMtO;=E¢¢8QCÃ0<>O<FM8:AHM¿³OPEµH<
L
8ÁAJBAH;8=OPE8:AZ¼@°8d¢µH8ÁEH¬AµZ<
L
8QJƵH9ADGI@ÆM®B¼@½O@BADO
L L L
JIEDO®BM8OP@I8ÁMt<F;®IC²AhOP<>EZJªADCFµHEZ9<>O@B; OP@I<²M98dMt®IC>O¦<²M"JIEDO"O9P< <²ADC»<FJ³OP@I8Á¼EHJbOP8ãO"EH¬7O@B8
Mt8d¼EHJ=;E¢¢8:CmÌbÏ!<>JBAHC>CF¿HÃbº88ãO8:JB=O@B8¦¼@BAH9PAZ¼\O8:9<FÀ:ADO<FEHJ¼EHJ¼8Q9PJI<FJIµO@B8+8QCF8:¼O<FEHJ=OPE
O@I8;=E¢¢8QCѺ@I8:98"AhO8:AH¼@«M}OP8QG ED¬Ó¼QEH;=GI®¢OAhO<FEHJ CFAHÊ8:CFMAH98¦;E¢¢<>åB8d¾EZJ¾AM®IÊIµZ9PAHGI@
¼EHJMt<²M}OP<>JBµ"EH¬ÑAJBEI8ADJBO@B8<>J¼<²¢8QJbO78:IµH8:M:ÃDAH¼:¼EZ9P¢<FJIµ"OE¼Q8Q9OPAH<>J9®BC>8dM7¢8QGk8QJ¢<>JBµ
EHJ O@I8
L
8:9tOP8ãáÃ!O@I8<FJB¼<²¢8:JZOÁ8d¢µH8dMAHJB O@I88QJ
L
8:9tOP<F¼Q8:M 9±CFE¢¼QADC¼QEH;=GI®¢OAhO<FEHJMEZJ
EHGk8QJM}OAD9µZ9PAHGI@BM<\Ì
©
@I88:JB·ED¬"O@B8³GBADGk8Q9ÁGB9E
L
8:MO@AhO;=E¢¢8QC²MÁ®BM<>JBµÅCFAHÊ8:CFMÁEZJ
8:¢µZ8:MAD9P8M}OP9<²¼\OPC>¿«M}OP9EZJIµH8:94OP@BADJ«;=E¢¢8QC²Mº<>O@IEZ®¢OCFAHÊ8:CFMEZJ8:¢µZ8:M:Ì
Ö× + ÚbßK02:ÚÞ Ü - 0&ÓÞ + Ú-.!ß/ -
Ô~Jª¶ÇI¸¹IOP@I8+8:C>8d¼\OP<>EZJGI9PEHÊICF8Q;<FM4M}OP®B¢<F8:Á®BJB¢8Q94EDOP@I8Q94<>JI<>O<²ADCkÈJIEhºCF8:¢µZ8:M:ÂhO@I8"Mt<FÀQ8+ED¬
O@I8"µH9ADGI@0ÃZADJÁ®BGIG8:9ÊEZ®IJBÁEH¬áO@I8"J®I;Êk8Q9ED¬
L
8Q9O<²¼8:M:äH<FJ¾MEH;=8¦¼:AHM8:M ;®IC>O<FµH9ADGI@M
AD9P8³JI8:¼Q8:MPMAH9¿ZÌ7Ô~J*AZI¢<>O<FEHJ¯EH¬2O@I8°º4EZ9È¢MÁEH¬¾¶¸ZødÉIÃÇ¢¸ZÃÇHÇh¹"ADJݶÇCIÃÇh¹Ðà EZJI8ª¼QAHJ
¼<>O8OP@I8³9P8:M®ICOMÁED¬ EHC²¢<+AHJB+<FµHJAƺ@IE®BM8³¢<F98d¼\O8d·µH9ADGI@M¶
ÃIÃPÉ¢ÃD¹Ì
©
@I8Q¿
¼EHJMt<²¢8Q9¢<>9P8:¼O8dŵH9ADGI@M¼EZC>EZ®I98d½EHJÆO@B8Q<F9AD9¼QM:Ì4AH¼@
L
8:9tOP8ãż@BADJIµZ8:M2<>OPMM}OAhOP8
¢8QGk8QJBI<>JIµEHJÁ<>OPM7GB98
L
<FEH®MM}OAhO8¦ADJBEHJ=OP@I8+MtOPADO8:M7ED¬á<OM7<FJ¢ËÐJI8Q<FµH@ÊkEH®I9MQäDAZ¼\OP<
L
AhOP<>EZJ
ED¬GB9E¢¼8dMMEH9MÓ;=AV¿Ê8M¿JB¼@I9PEHJIEZ®BMQÃVAHM¿JB¼@I9PEHJIEZ®BMÓEH9»<>JbOP8Q9PC>8dA
L
8:^Ì
´
µZ8QJI8:9PAHC><FÀ:ADO<FEHJ
ED¬k¼QE
L
8:9<FJIµZM:ÃV¼QADCFCF8:åBÊI9AhO<FEHJMQÃh<²MM}OP®B¢<F8:=ADJGI9PEHGk8Q9O<F8:M!º@I<²¼@¬±EH®IJB=AHGIGICF<F¼:AhO<FEHJM
<>J¾O@I8¢<²M}OP9<FÊI®¢OP8:¾¼QEH;=GI®¢OP<>JBµM8OtOP<>JBµAD9P8+8:;=GI@BAHM<FÀQ8:^ÌZÔ~J½¶@¢Ã¸BÃ';IÃD¹ÑO@I8¦;E¢¢8:CÑED¬
N³ADÀ:®I9È<F8Qº<²¼À<²M4¼QEHJBM<²¢8Q9P8:=ADJA¼@BAH9PAZ¼\O8:9<FÀ:ADO<FEHJED¬Ñ¬AD;=<FC><F8:M4ED¬áµZ9PAHGI@BM<FJº@I<²¼@
8QCF8:¼\OP<>EZJ <²MÁGkEZMPMt<FÊICF8<FMÁµZ<
L
8QJ^ä<FJ¶D¹¦¼@BAD9AH¼O8:9<FÀ:ADO<FEHJBMED¬98d¼EHµZJI<FÀ:ADÊBC>8¼C²AHMPMt8dMED¬
µH9ADGI@BMÊ¿¾;=8dADJBMEH¬ÓCFE¼:ADC^¼QEH;=GI®¢OAhO<FEHJMAD9P8"µZ<
L
8QJ^Ì
¨t§*£I¨t£ +¤&£!I¨}£
á×mÖ !$0»Ù -! #" 02 ÚßmßÚÞ$! 0%!Ù - 0 !Þ'&Ü)(Ú $V+*-
©
@I8JIEHOPADO<FEHJBM+®BMt8d@I8Q9P8AH9828dMM8QJbOP<FAHC>CF¿«MtOPAHJBIAH9PŶ>¸D¹Ì
à
8¼EHJMt<²¢8Q9åBJI<>O8HÃÑ®IJ¢<Ë
98d¼\O8dáÃ4¼QEHJIJB8:¼\OP8:·µZ9PAHGI@BMÁº<>O@IEZ®¢O«M8QC>¬`ËÐC>EEHG·@BA
L
<FJIµÅGkEZMPMt<FÊICF¿ ;®ICOP<>GBC>8°8:¢µZ8:M:Ì ÔЬ
>-,
9 9> <
D/.
9> < D
JBIM <»<²M7AµH9ADGI@0ÃhO@I8:J 9>
<¢8QJBEDO8dM»O@B8+Mt8QO7ED¬
L
8:9tOP<F¼Q8:M:Ã . 9> <
¢8QJIEHO8dMO@I8M8OEH¬48d¢µH8dM2ADJB7JIM2¢8QJBEDO8dMA«;ÁADGÅAHMPMt<FµHJB<>JIµ OE8
L
8:9¿8d¢µH8=O}ºE
L
8Q9O<²¼8dMQÂ0<OM28QJBBMQÌ
©
º4E
L
8Q9O<²¼8:M10 ADJB N½AD9P8MAH<F°OEÊk8¾AZ JtAH¼Q8QJbOEH9JB8Q<FµH@ÊEZ®I9M
<¬OP@I8Q9P88ã¢<²M}OM+AHJ8:¢µZ8 2M®B¼@O@AhO3 JBIM 942$<
,
0 D N #
Ô~JOP@I<FM¦GBAHG8:9:õH9ADGI@BM;=AV¿
@BA
L
8M8
L
8Q9ADCI8d¢µH8dM7Êk8O}º8Q8QJ=OP@I8¦MPAD;=8O}ºE
L
8Q9O<²¼8:M:äZM®B¼@Á8d¢µH8dM AD9P8¼QAHC>CF8:=;®IC>O<FGIC>8
8:¢µZ8:M:Ì
´
M<>;=GICF82µH9ADGI@
>5,
9 9> <
D.
9>
<'<<²M+A=µZ9PAHGI@«º<OP@JIEMt8:C¬`ËÐCFEbEZGEH9;®ICOP<Ë
GIC>88:¢µZ8:M:Â . 9>
<¦¼QADJÊk8=Mt8:8QJ³AHM"AM8O"ED¬7GBAH<>9M+EH¬ 9>
<Ìáâ^8O62Ê8=ADJ8d¢µH8ZÃ<>¬7O@B8
L
8Q9O8QãNÊ8:C>EZJIµZM¦OPE7 JBIM 942$<+O@I8:J°º8MPAV¿O@AhO 2=<FM<FJB¼Q<F¢8:JbO"OPE!N
©
@I8ÁM8O2ED¬4AHC>C
O@I8=8:IµH8:M¦ED¬
>
<>J¼<²¢8QJbO2º<OP@HN<²M¢8QJIEHO8d98;: 9VN<
©
@I8=Mt8QO"EH¬ JI8Q<FµH@ÊkEH®I9M¦ED¬ N<FJ
>ED
I8QJIEHO8:=<>: 9VN<
D
<FM¦O@B8M8OED¬ AHC>C
L
8:9tOP<F¼Q8:M¦ED¬
>
AZ JtAH¼Q8QJbO"OE N ÏIEZ9A
L
8:9tOP8ãN
D
º48Á¢8:JIEDOP8Ê¿@?3: 9/N2<¦O@B8ÁÊBADCFCED¬9PAZ¢<>®M¸º<>O@ż8:JZOP8Q9N
D
O@BADO2<FM"OP@I8ÁµH9ADGI@ªº<OP@
L
8Q9O<²¼8dMA<>: 9/N2<CB N
#
ADJ=8:¢µZ8:MA8;: 9/N2<\ÌÏIEZ94ADJ=8d¢µH82bÃZº48+I8QJIEHO8DE: 942$<»OP@I8¦M<FJIµHCF8
8:¢µZ8+µH9ADGB@947JIM9F2$<
D
2
#
<\äZº48"¼QAHC>CѼCFEZM8:Á8d¢µH8¦ADJ8d¢µH8¦º<OP@O@B8O}ºE8QJ
L
8:9tOP<F¼Q8:M:Ã
<¬»º482¼QEHJBM<FI8Q9O@B828:¢µZ8"º<>O@EZJIC>¿¾EHJI828:JB
L
8:9tOP8ã<>O<FM+ADJ«EHGk8QJ8:¢µZ8HÌ
©
@I9EZ®IµH@BEH®¢OO@B8GBAHG8:9º48º<>CFCÓ¼QEHJBM<FI8Q9µZ9PAHGI@BMº@I8:98
L
8Q9O<²¼8:M+ADJB8d¢µH8dMAD9P8
L ´ L
¢8QJIEHO8dÁÊ¿9 <\ú@I8:98 <²M4AµH9ADGI@AHJB  9 < B 9 <4í G<²M7OP@I8"CFAHÊ8:C>CF<>JBµ
¬±®IJB¼\OP<>EZJ^Ì
©
@B8ÁµH9ADGI@
>
<FM¼:ADCFC>8d³OP@I8®IJ¢8Q9PC>¿<FJIµµH9ADGI@ÆADJªOP@I8;ÁADGBGI<>JBµ <FMA
CFAHÊ8:C>CF<>JBµ«EH¬
>
Ì^ÏBEH92A«CFAHÊ8:C>CF8:°µH9ADGI@F9
>ED
<Ã$9 9
>ED
<'<"<²M"O@B8=M8O2EH¬4C²ADÊk8QC²M"O@BADO
E¼:¼®I9<FJ 9
>ED
< ©
@I8¼QCFAZMMEH¬!C²ADÊk8QCFC>8d«µH9ADGI@BME
L
8Q9MEH;=8"åIã¢8:ADCFGI@BAHÊ8QOG º<FCFC0Êk8
¢8QJIEHO8d Ê¿ »Ìkâ^8QOO9
>ED
<AHJB 9
>D
<Ê82O}ºE=CFAHÊ8:C>CF8:µZ9PAHGI@BM:Ì
©
@I8QJ 9
>ED
<<FM+A
Mt®IÊBµH9ADGI@ED¬ 9
>VD
<\Ãk¢8QJBEDO8dÊ¿ 9
>ED
<U9
>KD
<\Ã<¬
>
<²M+AÁM®IÊIµZ9PAHGI@ED¬
>
AHJB
<FMO@I829P8:MtO9P<F¼O<FEHJ ED¬!O@I82C²ADÊk8QCFC><FJIµ
OE 9> < B . 9>
<\Ì
â0ADÊk8QCFCF8:ƵH9ADGB@BMº<>CFCÊ8¾I8:M<>µZJBAhOP8:ÆÊ¿°ÊkEHC²ÆCF8OtOP8Q9MCF<>ÈZ8
D D
ÔЬ
<FMA
CFAHÊ8:C>CF8:«µH9ADGB@^ÃbO@I8:J
>
¢8:JIEDOP8:MOP@I82®IJB¢8:9CF¿<>JBµµZ9PAHGI@^Ì
á× &Ü)(Ú $V+*-
à
8+MPAV¿OP@BAhOAµH9ADGI@
>
<FM4A "$ EH¬áAµZ9PAHGI@*G
L
<²A¾<>¬ <²M7AM®I9KJ}8:¼\OP<
L
8@IEH;=EHË
;EZ9GB@I<FM; ±9EZ;
>
EZJZOPE G M®B¼@=O@BADO7¬±EH948
L
8Q9P¿
L
8:9tOP8ãENEH¬ 9>
<O@I8¦98dM}OP9<²¼\OP<>EZJ=ED¬
°OPE 8 : 9VN<+<²M¦AÁÊB<J}8d¼\O<FEHJ°EHJbOE 8:9 9VN<<\Ì
©
@I8¼E
L
8Q9P<>JIµ=<²M+GB9EZG8:9+<>¬
>
ADJBHG AD9P8
JIEDO<²MtEZ;=EH9PGI@I<²¼DÌ
©
@I8¾JIEHO<FEHJÅEH¬+¼E
L
8:9<FJIµ8QãbOP8QJBBMOPEªC²ADÊk8QCFC>8dŵH9ADGI@M<FJ ADJEZÊ
L
<FEH®MºAV¿HÌ
©
@B8
CFAHÊ8:C>CF8:ªµH9ADGI@49KG D
<<²M*"$ Ê¿19
>ED
< L
<FA!
D
<>¬"Å<FM"A¾@BEH;=EH;=EH9PGI@I<²M; ¬±9PEH;
9
>ED
<ÓOEE9VG D
<ÓM®B¼@OP@BAhO»¬±EH9»8
L
8Q9P¿
L
8:9tOP8ã NED¬ 9>
<ÓO@B849P8:MtO9P<F¼O<FEHJED¬#=OE18;: 9VN<
<FMAÊI<J}8:¼\OP<>EZJ EZJbOE 8
9$ 9/N2<'<\Ì%EDOP8"O@BADOAµH9ADGB@ ¼E
L
8Q9P<>JBµ<²M48QãIAH¼\OPC>¿ A¼QE
L
8Q9P<FJIµ<FJ
O@I8¼QCFAZMM<F¼:ADCáM8QJBM8ED¬ADCFµH8QÊB9PAH<F¼+OEZGEZC>EZµH¿HâM8Q8Á¶>¸h¹ÐÌ
&
('*)+-,/.10
à
8³®BM8ªAÅ¢<>Õk8:98:JZO«¢8åBJB<OP<>EZJ·¬±EH9¾¼QE
L
8Q9P<FJIµZMO@ADJ
´
JBµHCF®I<>J2M¾EHJI8ZÌ7Ô~J
¬AH¼\OdÃB<>¬7º48¼QEHJBM<²¢8Q9EZJICF¿ M<>;=GICF8µH9ADGB@BMO@B8:M82O}º4EI8åBJI<>O<FEHJM+AD9P828?b®I<
L
ADCF8QJbO:ÌkÏIEZ9
´
JIµZC>®I<FJ^Ã39KG D
<<²MO"$ Ê¿H9
>ED
< L
<²A3
D
<>¬°<FMA@IEZ;=EH;=EH9PGI@I<²Mt;ð¬±9EZ; 9
>ED
<
OEH9KG
D
<M®B¼@O@BADO+¬±EZ98
L
8Q9P¿
L
8:9tOP8ã N¾EH¬ 9>
<O@I898dM}OP9<²¼\OP<>EZJED¬4ªOPE < : 9VN<<FM
AÁÊI<J}8:¼\OP<>EZJ³EHJbOPE < 9$ 9/N2<'<Ì 7 <L
8:J³A¾M<>;=GICF8µZ9PAHGI@
>
ÃB¬±EZ9+8dAH¼@
L
8:9tOP8ã 065 9>
<\Ã
O@I8:98"<FMAJBAhOP®I9PAHCÊB<J}8d¼\O<FEHJ«Êk8O}º8Q8QJ78;: 940#<4ADJB <>: 940#<4ADJÁO@B8Q9P8¬±EH9P8+<>O<FM8:AZMt¿OPE
Mt8:8¦OP@I828?b®I<
L
ADCF8QJB¼Q8HÌ
à
8ºEH9PȺ<>O@µZ9PAHGI@BMO@AhO¦¼:ADJ@BA
L
8";®IC>O<FGIC>88:¢µZ8:MAHJB<>JOP@I<²M+¼QAZMt8OP@I82O}ºE
¢8åBJB<OP<>EZJBM¦AH98JIEDO"8?b®I<
L
AHC>8:JbO:Ì^?4EHJBM<FI8Q9OP@I8µZ9PAHGI@BM
>
ADJBG ¬±9PEH; Ï!<FµBÌkÇIÃ<>¬7º8
¼EHJMt<²¢8Q94O@B8";=EZ9GI@B<FM;6L¢8QåBJI8:¾¬±9PEH;
>
OPE G/Ê¿=O@I8CF8OtOP8Q9M7 D
D-8 D:9
âº48"8:AZMt<FC>¿
Mt8:8O@BADO
>
<FM4A2¼E
L
8Q9P<>JIµEH¬PGÌ®¢O <>¬^º48®BM8
´
JIµHCF®I<FJ;2M4¢8åJI<OP<>EZJÁED¬^¼E
L
8Q9P<>JBµBÃ
>
<FM
JIEDO+A=¼E
L
8Q9P<>JBµEH¬ G Mt<FJB¼Q8¬±EH98:AZ¼@ 0<5
> Ã !< :890P<
!!,
Ǣâº@B8Q9P8:AHM¬±EZ98:AZ¼@!N!5GÅÃ
!
<=:9VN<
!!,
¸ZÌ
´
µH9ADGI@
<²M0¼:ADCFC>8d*'= $'*)<¬I8
L
8:9¿"¼E
L
8:9<FJIµ¬±9PEH;
OE+MEH;=8
<FM!AÊI<J}8:¼O<FEHJ^Ì
´
M<>;=GICF8+µZ9PAHGI@
<²M4¼:ADCFC>8d*> %?'@ $'A)$H<>¬08
L
8Q9P¿=¼E
L
8:9<FJIµ
OPEMEH;=8¦M<>;=GICF8+µZ9PAHGI@
<FMAÊB<J}8d¼\O<FEHJ0Ì
©
@B8¦µZ9PAHGI@BM
>
AHJB G$¬±9PEH;ðÏ!<FµBÌ¢ÇAH98¦;<FJI<F;ÁADCѵH9ADGI@MQÃZº@I8Q9P8:AZM
>
<²MAGI9EZG8:9¼E
L
8:9<FJIµED¬ GÒAHJBOP@I8Q9P8¬±EZ98
>
<FMJBEDO;=<>JI<F;ÁADCÌBNEZ98:E
L
8Q9dÃ
>
EH9
>
AD9P8"JBEDOAGI9EZG8:9¼E
L
8Q9P<>JIµED¬ADJ¿¾M<>;=GICF82µH9ADGB@^Â
>
AHJB
>
AD9P8B> Ë;=<FJI<>;ÁAHCmÌ
à
82@BA
L
8+OP@I8¬±EHCFCFEhº<>JIµÊBAZMt<²¼GI9PEHGk8Q9O}¿ÁED¬¼E
L
8:9<FJIµbM¦¶>¸ @V¹Â
" Ú110ÅÖk×C
" $(D "$ EGF "'
"
H (-I1KJ LJM)$ N &O (3PQJR&H
$H)$8)+ 9 S;T$9VN<< ,
PVUF"+=)$N!5 9VG <
©
@I8<FJZOP8QµZ8Q9=P<FJÅOP@I8¾GI9P8
L
<FEH®BMC>8:;=;=Aª<FM¼QAHC>CF8:ÆOP@I8¾J®I;Ê8:9EH¬J:H&LJ2ED¬O@B8
L à
BÑwy{}|Ð4á Zo byz|
" Ú110 ^×
G)W"$ "F ) )$ #F 2
T D
2 5 . 9> < JR&H
$H)$ 2
T
,
2V0FA 942
T < , 942< H $D : 9F2
T
< D : 9F2 <
,
U=0 0UR # J942
T
<
R J 9F2 <
,
0
!£§ #"%$°£'&)("¥!¢¨t£ £ *$+"}£H-,Ó¤/.¤102,
Ô~JO@I<²MM8:¼\OP<>EZJº482µZ<
L
8O@I8I8åBJI<>O<FEHJEH¬!CFE¢¼QAHC0¼EZ;GB®¢OPADO<FEHJBMEZJ¼CFEZM8: 8:¢µZ8:MAHJB
O@I8:<>9=9P8QC²AhO<FEHJ º<OP@ ¼QE
L
8Q9P<FJIµZM:Ì
©
@I8:¿;=E¢¢8QCJI8QO}º4EZ9È¢MED¬+GI9PE¢¼8dMMEH9MEH¬¦AD9PÊI<>O9AD9P¿
OEHGkEHCFEHµZ¿HÌ
©
@I8¾JI8QO}º4EZ9È°<FM9P8QGI9P8:M8QJbO8dÆAHMA³¼EZJIJI8:¼O8dáÃÓ®BJB¢<F98d¼\O8dŵH9ADGB@ź@I8Q9P8
L
8Q9O<²¼8dM¢8QJIEHO82GI9PE¢¼8dMMEH9M4AHJB 8:¢µZ8:M¢8:JIEDOP8I<>9P8:¼O¼QEH;=;®BJI<F¼:AhOP<>EZJ CF<>JBÈM:ÌIâ0AHÊ8:CFM
9±EH9ÁMtOPADO8:M<AD9P8 AhOOPAZ¼@I8:OE
L
8Q9O<²¼8dMAHJB8d¢µH8dMQÌâ0E¼:ADC¼EZ;GB®¢OPADO<FEHJBM=AHM=¼QEHJBM<F¢Ë
8Q9P8:½@I8Q9P8¼QAHJÆÊ8¾I8:MP¼9P<>Êk8:½<FJÆO@I8Á¬±EZC>CFEhº<FJIµµH8:JI8Q9ADC»¬±9AD;=8QºEH9PÈÑÌáâ^8O* Êk8ÁO@B8
¼C²AHMPMEH¬3G7ËC²ADÊk8QCFC>8d µZ9PAHGI@BMADJB CF8O43 65 Êk8³A°ÊI<>JAD9P¿98:CFADO<FEHJ EHJ Ì
©
@I8QJ73 <²M¼:ADCFC>8d A6+)98#H ;: O VQ)$OV"$ BÌ
à
8AHMPMt®B;8¾O@BADO<3Î<FM=¼QC>EbMt8d®IJ¢Ë
¢8Q92<²MtEZ;=EH9PGI@I<²Mt;Ãá<Ì8ZÌ>Ã^<>¬
3
ADJB
>=
OP@I8QJ
3
¬±EH9MtEZ;8=C²ADÊk8QCFC>8d
µH9ADGI@
?=
Ì4Ô~J¯O@I8°98:;=AH<>J¢8Q9 ED¬O@I8½GBAHG8:9@3BA°M}OADJBBMÁ¬±EH9¾O@I8½9P8;CB8Qã<
L
8QË
O9ADJBM<OP<
L
8żCFEZM®I98ÅEH¬?3
©
@I8ÅCFAHÊ8:C>CF8:µZ9PAHGI@
<²MD3%?$R&(
49EH9*J}®M}Oª<F9Ë
98d¢®B¼<FÊICF8ª<>¬E3 <²M åIã¢8:&<¾<¬O@I8:98°<FM JIE
M®B¼@OP@BAhO
3
ÏBEH9
5 D
Ô~99P8:GF 9
<I8QJIEHO8:MO@I8M8OEH¬3ÁË<F99P8:I®B¼<FÊICF8µH9ADGI@MEHÊIOPAD<FJI8dƬ±9EZ;
®Mt<FJIµH3
D
<mÌ8HÌFÃIÔ~9P98dIFO9
< , ! 3 A
ADJB
<²MJ3ÁËÐ<>9P9P8:¢®B¼Q<>ÊBC>8
#
K ÚML VÜ Ö×E
. 03 KJ )9P8QC²ADÊk8QCFCF<>JIµ½9P8QC²AhO<FEHJ FD:H ($ : " ) < -)98HVJ<) )$OV"$
$H& $H& R2 #C( D V@ -)98HVJ=) : R)$U 0 0
3
$'18VJO H#)$
> , G
03 KJC>E¢¼:ADC8"$ "J ( J F Q)$ "$ D!'*"+FDE)$ ( *)$ !J: + ( OV JU
0 0UQ9
>ED
< 3 9
>ED < $' 8#VJ $H)$R$H& I KJ LJ) ( E2 5 . 9> < JR&H$H)$
9#<
,
9#< F"+O$(D 5 Q J9F2$< B 2
#
H& )
AJ O( -)8#H 9FD : 9F2 <
D
<KJ)2Mt®BGIGEZ9tO:":F $H& )
V/ )$OV"$ 0
©
@I8¦JB8ãOI8åBJI<>O<FEHJ«M}OAhOP8:M4O@BADOACFE¼:ADCk98:CFAHÊ8:C>CF<FJIµ9P8QC²AhOP<>EZJ@3 <²M ")D3A ( %
)$ EHJ½¼CFEZM8:8d¢µH8dM+<>¬ OP@I8=ADGIGICF<²¼QADÊB<>CF<O}¿EH¬4ADJ¿98:CFAHÊ8:C>CF<FJIµ ¢8:G8:JBIMEZJIC>¿EZJ³O@B8
Mt<FJIµHCF88:¢µZ82Mt®IÊBµH9ADGI@BM:Ì
K
ÚML VÜ á×E
#3
/) )
V<)$OV"$ 0
H& 3 KJC>E¢¼:ADCFC>¿µZ8QJI8:9PADO8: "
"J ( J!F! KJ " )$Q"$ F"J ( JM) H$H&BF"" : 6KJ*J)LKJR
C
"M)
)
3 -)98HVJ 9
>ED
<U 9
>ED
<U 9VG D
<U 9VG D
<) A)3 AJ 2 5 . 9>
<U<5
.
9VG <
JR&HE H#) H HD
:
942$<B) D :9P<B)+KJ"+'E"+ 8#HV ) LÂ 94D
:
942$<< B . 9FD
:
942$<'<ìkí
94D :9P<'< B .
9FDBE9P< <UY H F"$" : V H "$ +LV" #J
. 0 9<
,
9VLQ9#<'<*)$ #
9<
,
9VLQ9#<'< F"=) 5 9FD : 9F2$<'< B .
94D : 9F2 < <
0 9<
,
9<UF"=)5 *9FD: 9F2$<'< B .
9FD: 9F2 < <
0
9<
,
9#<UF"+3)$ 5 94D 9P<'< B .
94D 9P<'<
$' 8#D H#)$Q9
>ED
< 3 9
>ED
<F )$ # " &D!F 9KG D
< 3 9KG
D
<(0
4¿Å¢8QåBJI<>O<FEHJ^Ã!CFE¼:ADC¼EZ;GB®¢OPADO<FEHJBMEHJ ¼QC>EbMt8dÆ8:¢µZ8:MEHJµZ9PAHGI@BMAH98«¼EZ;GB®¢OPADË
O<FEHJBM»EZJµZ9PAHGI@BM!¼EH9P9P8:MGEZJB¢<FJIµ+OPE¦CFE¢¼QAHC>CF¿µH8:JI8Q9AhOP8:98:CFAHÊ8:C>CF<>JBµ¦9P8QC²AhOP<>EZJBM!EHJ=¼CFEZM8:
8:¢µZ8:M:Ì
à
8JIEhº GI9P8:M8QJbO=O@I8¬±®BJBIAD;=8:JZOADCCF8Q;=;ÁAżEZJIJI8:¼O<FJIµ¼E
L
8Q9P<>JBµZMADJB CFE¼:ADCFC>¿
µH8QJB8Q9AhO8d9P8QC²ADÊk8QCFC><FJIµ98:CFADO<FEHJBM4EHJ¼CFEZM8:¾8:¢µZ8:M¶>¸¹ÐÌbÔÐOMtOPADO8:M4OP@BAhOdÃIº@I8QJB8
L
8:9
<FM
A+¼E
L
8Q9P<>JBµED¬
ÃV8
L
8Q9P¿"98:CFAHÊ8:C>CF<>JBµ¦MtO8QG<>J
¼QAHJÊk8CF<>¬`O8:OEA9P8QC²ADÊk8QCFC><FJIµMt8 ?b®I8QJB¼Q8
<>J
ÃIº@I<²¼@«<FM¼QEH;=GBADO<FÊIC>8º<>O@«O@B8¼E
L
8:9<FJIµ98:CFADO<FEHJ^Ì
" Ú110HS" V+* "4Ú110 h×
N3
@) ")D= #-)/ )
VM )$OV"$
"$ " J* AJ ) :
)E "+ ( V " F )B
F
3 A
H $H& I1KJ J
JR&H H#)$
3BA
)
KJ3)! "+ ( V ":F
)
! . " ,Ó§k¢¨t£ ¦¤ .¥&),^¡%!I¨}£
©
@I8;=AH<>J9P8:M®ICOEH¬BO@B<FM»GBAH9tO<²M!O@BADO»¬±EH98
L
8Q9P¿µH9ADGI@
ÃhO@I8:988ã¢<²M}OMADJ8QCF8:¼O<FEHJ=ADC>Ë
µHEH9P<>O@I;Ý®Mt<FJIµC>E¢¼:ADCI¼EZ;=GI®¢OPADO<FEHJBM»EZJ¼QC>EbMt8d8d¢µH8dM»EHJ
<>¬ÑAHJBEHJICF¿<>¬OP@I8Q9P88ã¢<FMtOPM
ADJ8QJ®I;=8Q9AhOP<>EZJADCFµHEH9P<>O@I;ðº<>O@OP8Q9P;=<>JBADO<FEHJ¢8QO8:¼O<FEHJ®BM<FJIµÁC>E¢¼:ADC0¼QEH;=GI®¢OAhO<FEHJM
0×mÖ ÚML / Ü -
´
I<FMtO9P<>ÊB®¢O8dª8:C>8d¼\O<FEHJ½ADCFµHEZ9<>O@I;$EZJ°A µH9ADGI@
<FMA«¢<²M}OP9<FÊI®¢OP8:½ADCFµHEH9P<>O@I; M®B¼@
O@BADO7O@I8+98dMt®IC>O7ED¬áADJ¿¼EH;=GI®IOPAhOP<>EZJ=<FM7AC²ADÊk8QCFCF<>JIµ2EH¬ÑO@I8
L
8Q9O<²¼8dMMt®B¼@OP@BAhO 8QãIAH¼\OPC>¿
EHJI8
L
8Q9O8Qã@AHM O@I8"CFAHÊ8:C ¦ADJBAHC>CkEDOP@I8Q9
L
8:9tOP<F¼Q8:M @BA
L
8OP@I8"CFAHÊ8:C #"$ &%'hÌ
©
@I8³C²ADÊk8QC²M ³ADJ "$ %' ³AD9P8O8Q9P;=<>JADCà <Ì8ZÌ>ú@I8QJ·OP@I8Q¿·ADGBG8dAD9¾EZJA
L
8Q9O8Qã°OP@I8Q¿½9P8Q;ÁAD<FJÅ®IJbO<FC OP@I8¾8:JBÅEH¬OP@I8 ¼QEH;=GI®¢OAhOP<>EZJ^Ì
´
¢<FMtO9P<FÊI®¢O8dÅ8QJ®I;=8:9PADË
O<FEHJ°AHC>µZEH9P<OP@I;$EHJªA µH9ADGB@
<FMA«¢<²M}OP9<FÊI®¢OP8:ªAHC>µZEH9P<OP@I; Mt®¼@O@BADO¦OP@I898dMt®IC>OED¬
ADJ¿¼EH;=GI®IOPAhOP<>EZJª<²MA¾C²ADÊk8QCFC><FJIµ«ED¬7OP@I8
L
8:9tOP<F¼Q8:M+O@BADO"<²MA¾ÊI<J}8:¼O<FEHJª¬±9EZ; 9>
<+OPE
Z¸
D Ç D
D"!
9> < !#
Ì¢ÔÐO<²M8:AHM¿OE=Mt8:8+OP@BAhO<>¬Óº8¦@BA
L
8+ADJ 8QJ®I;=8Q9AhOP<>EZJ¾ADCFµHEZ9<>O@B;EZJ
AµZ9PAHGI@
º@I8:98
L
8Q9O<²¼8:M¼:ADJ¢8OP8:¼O+º@I8OP@I8Q9OP@I8AHC>µZEH9P<OP@I; @BAHMO8Q9P;=<>JAhO8dáâº8
@BA
L
8ADJ8QCF8:¼O<FEHJADCFµHEZ9<>O@I; EHJ
Ê¿8:C>8d¼\O<FJIµO@B8
L
8Q9O8Qã¾C²ADÊk8QCFC>8d Ê¿³¸ZÌ
0× Ü- - / ßVV hÚ-.!ß/ -
X+M<>JIµOP@I8MAH;=8";=8QO@IE¢AHM<FJ«O@I8â0<¬`OP<>JIµâ08Q;=;ÁA¶¸Q¹Ã¢º8EHÊ¢OAD<FJ^Â
VÜ Ü-VmÜ&Ö×E
<) )
< -)98H6:HVH KJ #"$ '@ $'A)$U H ( KJ #"
R'E(-)$OV"$ 6)$ " H' F"+
0
?4EHJBM8?b®I8:JZOPC>¿ZÃHOP@I8Q9P8+<²MJIE8:C>8d¼\OP<>EZJ¾ADCFµHEZ9<>O@I;¬±EZ9AµH9ADGI@
Ã<>¬
<²M JIEHO;=<FJI<F;=AHCmÌ
Í+O@I8:9º<²Mt8ZÃѺ48=¼EZ®ICFªåBJB½ADJ°8QJ®I;=8Q9AhOP<>EZJ°AHC>µZEH9P<OP@I;$¬±EH9
Ã^AHM"<>O2º<>CFCÊ8ÁM@IEhºJ
<>J«O@B82JI8ãO+M8:¼\OP<>EZJ^ÌIÏI®B9tOP@I8Q9P;=EH9P8Hâº8¼:ADJ«GI9PE
L
8¦O@BADO:Â
VÜ Ü-VmÜ á×
$ )M -)98H
U $H& MKJ/)$ )$A"+$H' RJ ")$Q"'18 R2?)$%
LV" #J " "J AJ: H#)7J"$J $H&*LV" B8 " ' "
F*)$ " &DEF:$H&
KJ )$ )$A"+$H' RJ V " )$ "'18 R2?)$OV"$ J "$ " J*( J $H)$4J"$$J H R'* %
)$OV"$ 48"
(' : $HHCLV" '@ )LV" "
0
.¥1&),^¡%!I¨}£ " 07£7¡B¨} &
Ô~J¾OP@I<FMM8:¼O<FEHJ^ú8"I8:MP¼9P<>Êk82ADJ AHC>µZEH9P<OP@I; ®BM<FJIµCFE¢¼QAHCѼQEH;=GI®¢OAhOP<>EZJBMEHJ¼CFEZM8:
8:¢µZ8:MÓO@BADO»MEHC
L
8 O@I88:Jb®B;8:9PADO<FEHJGB9EZÊIC>8:; EHJA+;=<FJI<>;ÁAHCbµZ9PAHGI@
Ì ©
@I<²M»ADCFµHEZ9<>O@I;
®BMt8dM7MEH;=8<FI8:AHM ¢8
L
8QCFEHGk8:=<FJ¶>¸dÉh¹Ì! AH¼@
L
8Q9O8ã NAhOO8:;GIOPM OE2µH8QO7<OM7EhºJ=J®I;Êk8Q9
Ê8QO}º48:8QJ¸ADJB
!
*9
> < !Ì ´ L
8:9tOP8ã2¼@IEEZM8:M^A+J®I;Êk8Q9»ADJBÊI9EbAHI¼:AHMtOPMá<>OÓº<>O@<OM0C²ADÊk8QC
ADJB«<>OPMC²ADÊk8QCFCF8:JI8:<>µZ@bÊkEH®B9@IEE¢«ADCFC^E
L
8:9O@I8JB8O}ºEH9PÈkÌ¢ÔЬ7A
L
8Q9O8ã 0ª¢<²M¼QE
L
8Q9MO@B8
8ã¢<FMtO8:JB¼8ED¬ AHJIEDOP@I8Q9
L
8Q9O8Qã N«º<>O@³OP@I8MPAD;=8J®I;Ê8:9:ÃO@B8QJª<>O"¼QEH;=GBAH98dM<>OPM:")
V :ÃÑ<mÌ8HÌFÃIOP@I8C²ADÊk8QC²M+AHJBJ®I;Êk8Q9MEH¬7<OMJI8:<>µZ@bÊkEH®B9PM:ÃBº<>O@OP@I8CFE¢¼QADC
L
<>8:º EH¬YNÌkÔЬ
O@I8"CFAHÊ8:CEH¬ 0 EZ97OP@I8¦CFE¢¼QAHC
L
<F8QºED¬ 0«<²Mº48dADÈH8:9BÃhO@B8QJ 0¼@IEEZM8:M4ADJIEHO@I8:9 J®I;Êk8Q9
ADJBÊI9PEZAZI¼QAZM}OMÓ<>O ADµbAD<FJº<>O@Á<>OPMCFE¢¼QAHC
L
<F8Qº2Ì
´
O O@I88:JBED¬kO@I8¼QEH;=GI®¢OAhO<FEHJ0Ãh8
L
8:9¿
L
8Q9O8Q㾺<FC>Cá@BA
L
82A®BJI<?b®I82J®I;Ê8:9<¬!O@B82µH9ADGI@«<FM¼QE
L
8:9<FJIµDËÐ;=<>JB<>;ÁADCÌ
á×mÖ " 02 ÚßV-
â^8O
, 9
>ED
<¦ADJ¼EHJMt<²¢8Q9¦A
L
8:9tOP8ã!N*5
>
ÃÑADJ«O@I8Mt8QO 2 T D
D
2
#
ED¬78d¢µH8dM
O@BADO+AD9P8"<FJB¼Q<F¢8:JbOOPE*N