HAL Id: hal-00699606
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00699606
Submitted on 21 May 2012
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
d’essais en compression ” vraie ” sur les roches
Amine El Bied, Jean Sulem
To cite this version:
Amine El Bied, Jean Sulem. Adaptation du mode opératoire pour la réalisation d’essais en compression
” vraie ” sur les roches. Revue française de Géotechnique, 2003, 103, pp.43-60. �hal-00699606�
!
" ! " ##
" $ ! % # %
# % & ' # ( ! " )
! * % " # # !
! # !! # ( (
# + ,' - * ) # !
* ' ! !! ! )
# # # # *
! '
#" $# % , ! - . / 0 0 # -
1 . 1 2
3 ! / ! ! . ! . - / ! 0 !
.2 ! * ! . ! ! *-
! ! 4 0 .
0 ! . 3 .. - . ! .
/ ! ! . ! - ! 4
&# '$ # ( # % # %
" $ ! # ! '
( ) *&" . # . " % # % #
! ! ! '
/
/ 0 1 * 2
3 # 44566 7 % 8 '
9 : ;; 05 6 ;6 56 % : ;; 05 6 ;6 08 # #< # ' '!
8
!
# % % &# ( ## # (
# # # ' % #
) "
! # ' +2 % =0=,
% # % $ "$ ( (
% ## # ' !!
! # # # $(
% ! % # % >
) ! % " #
! # $ ! #
" # # * (
( # * ! # +
,'
? & ) !
# " # $ # ( # "$
+" $ , !
% # ' # * (
! # ) ! % # "
! # #
# # $( '
" ( $# % ' ! ! "
# ( ! " # !
" # * # ! ) ! '
* !! ( ' !!
! # ) ! ( ! + # ==8 @ 2
==; " ==4 2 ===, A ## !! !
$# ! ! "
( ' !! * ( " #
# ? # * B ( + B ,
## * ! % + C
===,' - # * # " % %'
# ! # # '
( ! " # * " #
$ '
+ , -
+ !
# ! " $ '
" ?) +2 ' =14 D B. " ==E D &
==8 D C F ' ==4,' # ( # G
! # G # "$ ( $
! # ' # ) =='1 H ( @ (
* " G # ( #$ ! # '
!! " $ + ## " $ , ! ! #
" # * # ( I & " )
" ( @ ' -
# * ) J * ( # G * ! K
5
G G # ' #$ # & " ( @
* 8;E L#'
- ! #$ * $ * "
) G # ( + , # ( + , # (
+ , # ' # & )
' #$ M # 8E ! "
" ' + C ===,' N #$ G 5E ##'
# B ' G # G !
#$ ' - ! " !! *
* # '6 8'
!! ! G ! G ! *
# $ ' # ! "
! " # ! * $ ' G
# % ! " # E E; ##
G 0E ## G !$ % ## B
+ C ===, # ' ! % M# G
" # * ! * G " ) ! ) %
&# '
" # # "$ ' 9 2 & + ==;, # * !!
# * ! '
# & ( * ! E8 (
* # ! 18 '
+ +
% & C .' - & ( * # G
" # % ' ! % " * !
$# # ! ! # # ! *
' ! ( ! % "
" ( ! + C ===,' O P )
" # $ # ! % # (
! ! #M# * #$
"# ! # ' N * $#
) !! K # % #M# #$ '
. / 0 ' -
. ! &/
% # % " #
# ## # ' 9 !
$# # M * '
( # & $ *
# # "$ % ! # )
# ! # # "$ &
" # " ! ! " # !
" # ? %'
## ! # ( " Q + =48, * ( $
* ( )
## ! # # "
! # ) ! # ' # ? % # ( *
0
' M# % # ! #
# ! # # ) *
! # " # " # # ' B
# $ + =EE, (
& ( ! # # ) !
% " # ' 3$ " # ! #
! # ) G * I )
! # ) ! & $# " # ! % M# '
- " # " ! # )
G ! + =EE D =E8 D . =55 D 3 / R# . =6
R & =0; D S . . 2 R =01 D 2 & =4 D C ' =4 D 7 .
' =45 D / C " =45 D 3 # =46 D 3 7 . =18 D
C 7 . =15 D C " # =15 D 7 . 3 =16 D
7 " ' == D # ==8,' ! # ) G ! )
# M % # ' & (
# ' # %
F * % ' !! ! # ) G ! ! "#
" ' $ )
! # T '
! # ! # ?) # * !! # &
* " ' # # # % # !!
' # " ( ' + =11, 3 . + == , .
+ ==8, # # % # !!
T ! " ' * ' + =41, % &
% ' ! #$ " ( * ( ) 6E H #
* % ? " ( "
! # ( @ $ % !
! # '
! # ( $ # # %
( $( # T % # )
G ! ' % # % " # ! !
& $# " # + =1ED 3 7 . =18,' *
* % !! % #
* % % # # * % !
+C " # =16 D ==8 D 2 & 2 R =16 D
7 . # ==; ==6,' 3 # # #
& $# % # ## * %
# % # * M
" * +C " # =16,'
- # # % " # *
# # ( "
( ' # ## T # %
$# ! # ) ! U +2 R . =04D 7 . '
==1,' O " + =00, !! # ( (
T $ V # ! ? " % % % # ' (
# " # V " # %
! # ' ( ) ! )
# * * ! # #
! ) # * " * % %
' C & + 1 &# # # ( =00, " *
1
( !! # ( & % ! # " # #
! ! ! % M# ! #
" # % ! % M# ' % ! !
# ' C & ? ( ( )
" # ! # ) ! % !
+R . , ' C R. + =4E, ( (
) ) * %' % &
( & $# " # '
( G !! ! # ) G ! *
+C R. =4E D @ 2 ==; D " ==6,' W . + =65,
# G " G # 8 *
! # % % # * ( # * ! #
E4 ! # 6E ' 2 R + =45, # ( G & $# )
" # % # #' B #
# % # # # % # %
* ' ;= * & $#
) " =' # ' +8EEE, #
% * % % # % + ! #
, " $ " X # ' B # (
# " $ #
$ & # ( ""$ (
! * % # # #
) & # *
$( ' O " + =00, !! # ( *
) # " G % # ! '
GB ) #
;4 % # ! 41 % # ! ' "
Q + =48, # ) # G "
# ! !! # # ' B (
# ' ( #
! # ! " #
! # ! $ ' * # #
% ) # ( * #
' * #
Y ! # ! Y Y $ Y G 8 #
% ) # ( ! # "# '
. + 1
3 & ( # ( # % #
!! ! " ) ! + =E8 D . =55 D 3 /
R# . =6 D S ' =0= D 2 & =4 D C R. =4E D " =4 D
/ C " =45 D 3 7 . =18D 2 =4 ,'
/* " # ! / " + ==6,
% " #
! ! ! " # % %
! # ' # ( *
% * ? T ( ! # %
+3 7 . =18,' ! ! "
T ( ' * # # %
T ! # ! ! # ' 3
E
2 1 ', 3
3 !! ( ! " * # #
! # ) G ! ' ) ! )
" # & ( % % # + . 3 =48 D C
C & 1 &# # # ( =00, " % #
!! & $# ! " # ! ! # " # (
* ! # !
! # " # ( * '
2 ! , 3
!! ! " * M # @ " ' Z
" "# " * #
? ) % # * # ! #
% +C R. =4E,' ( B +
C ===, # &
* #$ # 8 ;'
! + " # , # ! % #
( ! % ## B ' - #
" ## # & 8 6 ) ; # !
" # ## 7 . ' + =45,' B ! ! (
% # " # ) (
! # " ( ! # # # + # 7 . ==E,' 3
## ! # ( 7 . ' + =45, $ !!
* ! '
N # " # % " # $ ##
9 ! # +2 =05 D 2 =05 D " =00
9 + ==8,, & ) + =06D 2 =05 D C .
=06,' ( # % * ) "
# ) ) !!
( ) # * '
2 + 4 ,
! # ) G ! * M #
( # ' 3 # % # %
## ! # # '
) # * * " % #$ % +2 &
=4 D " Q =48 7 " ' == ,' % # + . =08D
C ' =4;D C . =06D " Q =48, # % &
#M# ( ! % ! # ' - ! (
! ## # !!
" ' ( " ! ' B
) " ! #
+X R . =4E,' N " # # & $# ) " +
, ! # " ! % ! +2 R =45 D
2 R O =45 D 2 & 2 R =16' & $# %
* ' B !! ) M ' 3
* ) $# ! &
* '
8
! ! $# * # ( ' 7
+ 1;5, [ + =EE, + =EE, + 7 . ' ==1,
$# ! * ) ! % * ! # '
9 ! * ## B
* ! ' # ( G ! # # "$ M
! + =EE D [ =EE D C & =00 D C R.
=4E D / C " =45,' # ! ##
" " $ ! !! # & # !
+ " , ! & ( + " , # " *
* ' # !! ! # @ 2 + ==;,
# " #
# % !! ' ! !! ! # +
E E8, # ( ! # # ( + C;+ C8, 0 N8C
# " ( " * * '
# + ==8, # ! # " $
2 ' B ) ! ! *
%' ! # # " ( *
) # ( " ! !
! # ' # " K ( " %
( * ! !! ) 4E\ ( # # "
% ( ' ! !! # " ) 46\
! ' 3 " # # "
( ( ! !! ) ! '
# " $ ( ( # "$ ' / $ # " #
! % " ! # * ( #
( * ' N ! ! ? ( )
! # $ ' # " ! # " ) # # '
* % * ' ( !
" + ==6, 2 + ===,' ( !
# M $ " M ' * # ? *
( ! " '
* ( # !
! '
5 - / , ' -
5 !
3 # % % ) ! ! #
" $ ' B !!
# '6 8 * 2 + 5 6 H,
+ 5 6 H, S + 8 88 H,' !! " #
# & ( ! ! # "
( * # + ==8,' # ' +8EEE,
## ! ( ! ! * "
) ' ## *
" + ==4, ( !! ! ! #
# ' *
# # ! ' 3 !! &
# # ' #
# # * ! # ! (
5
! # ' N T # " ! # K ? "
% ' 9 ? " ) # * "
" ) 8E\' 9 ? " #M#
" # $ $ % # * * " %'
9 ? " ! # % " # *
" ) # * '
? " + "' , # !! !
# # # " ! # ' *
## @ 2 + ==;, # ' +8EEE, !!
( & " " ) 1 # % $
! ] # ^ '
* !
# # '
5 + , / ,
# ! # (
! # !! ! # ( $ ) ! '
( ! ) #
# !!
# " ! % ' & )
2 + =05 , ( # #
$ ) ' ## #
B + C ===, ## * # % #
( # ! +* C R. =4E D Q "
. =4=,'
3 ( * " $ *
!! * # * $ # ! % #
! ) '
# ( ( # " !! !
! # * # ' ## * " + ==6, )
# # ! # T ! # * " %
* ' N * " # ) !
# ? "
? " * ! + "' 8,'
B A # # (
! # M ! ' * !!
# # % & " ( !
! # ( # ( # # & !
( ! + ! ( , '
$ % # # #
! ! ! #
! # " #
! # '
( % ) " #
!! ? " % ( ( # *
!! % ' B # ! # ! #
' "' ; % # *
" + 2;0,' # "' 5
0
21E * %' " #
! # # ? " '
# % ! +2 ;'
2 8'8, * # & 5E = ' ! *
% +21E 25; 20'8 280 2;8 2 ;'8, * 6E 4 '
! !! ! K ' !
) # ( ( " " $
' ) % ! ! )
'
( # ! # ( +2;;,
& +2;0, & ! +2 0'8, +26'8, #
+28 , ! % * %
" # ' # # + 28=,
* T ( !! ! " ' #
( 9 ! +28;'8, ( % + "' 6, V
* % ( '
"' 0 # ( ! # # * %
( ) * ! ' # I %
% ! ( (
' #$ * !! &
+ O # " =61 D O * =0; D X R . =01 D S * ' =4E D
2 & =4 D " Q =48 D Q " =00,'
#$ % * ( *
! # ( # # (
( ! ' 3 V ( ! * (
( ! * $ " ! # (
## ' 3 G % *
* * " % * % &# ( ) 8E\ + "' 4,' 3
! * " # #
# # # ( * '
% A ##
# # '
5 . 6 / , -
! " #
5 6 . . 1 !
! " 1 # # & ? " ! #
* " " #
# 6 ! * % +21E,
! +2 6' ,' N ( ! ! #
* % # # ( # '
* ( ( ! * % ! #
* ' ! !
# # # " ! # #
! # ' !! ! ## ! #
# # ) % # ' !! !
% + "' =,' B ( ( ! "
! # " " # '
5 7 8 0 .. 9
# ! # % ! +2 6' ,
1
% D ! " # ! * #
_ " + "' E,' * ! # # #
! !! !
! " # M ! # # '
:5 .. .
# # & ? " ! # %
* ! # 5 #
'6 + "' , ( ! ! " ) ! ! #
#M# ! # ' * ! " !!
! # % ? ( ) '
! $
* G ! ! " ) G ! #
% % !! G !
# 6' 8'
# & # % !
E5 0 ( ! *
% +6E 4 ,' ! # * % " $
% ( * ) ! # ( ! G ! #
# # % ' # !
% # % " #
+ =EE, 7 . # + ==;, " + ==6, # '
+8EEE,' # " # % !
# " ) 8 ( % ## B ( *
# % " $ " X # )
! ! # # 5E H ( )
! ! # G ( 6H'
# % * ! # 5
! + 80'8, 866 5 '
! * % + ;'8, == 4 '
! #
! ! ! '
* ( ! # G %
! # ( '
! # % % % " ! # % % # *
) * # ' Z
( ! # ! " !! # # (
' ! # ) ! ! # '
## % # # %
! T ! " $ M #
# ) + ! ) ,'
" * *
# % ' ## * 2 % + =0=, *
# % ) A ! ' M %
!! # ! " ! # '
! %
" # ! # ! # &
' / * * # "
!! & " ## ! # ' % #
* ! # ! ( ! ? T
8E
! # ' * ! " !! #
* #M# ! # '
5 1 ;
Z # !! ! # & $# ! " !!
( # # "$ # ' 3 # %
* * # ! $ )
# % # ( +O "" =;0D 9 @ " =56 D O "" C =0ED X R .
=4E D C . # =11 D 2 R =1=,' ## ! # (
X R . +X R . =4E D X R . 2 =4 , #
$( # % ! " ) # *
# ( # # "$ ' # ! ! # * ! # )
$ " % & ' ##
O " + =00, # ! ! # ! #
# ( " ! # )
# ' 7 . ' + =45, ! K # * #
! # ? + , $ )
! # * '
! "# % " # " % %' &
] " ^ + . =00, ] % * " ! ^
] * " ^ + =00D X R . =4E, ] % " ^ +
O " =00, ] % ! ^ +O "" C =0E D =41,'
#$ # * " % + % ",
% ' ( * ! ( Q " .
+ =4=, ## # # ( )
! # V # % # %
! # $ ! % ' % # O "
+ =00, !! # ( % # B
" # ! * ! # ! ! #
# # * " % ' 2 R . + =04,
" # * " % % % ( @
* % " # " #M# #$ (
' + =00, % ( # !
* " % * & # ( # % + ",'
" Q + =48, " # !
( " " # ! # ' B * (
! $ # ) G % ( #
& ( # * " " ' B !! # " # ( #
+ , * ) ' !
& ( # " * ' . + =00,
" # ( & ( # *
! ' S ' + =11, * % ]
^ ( * $ # ) # ? '
# " ! # ' + =14, *
" # * * ! # ' C F S + ==4,
* * " % % % # (
" $ '
3 ( * * % *
* * " % * % &# ( ) 8E\ + "' 4,'
# * # # %
# * " % # * !
88
X R . + =4E, * " % V
! % # % "# ' # &#
* ! # ' ! # # "$ ' B
"# ! # % ' *
@ ' N " # ( ( ! #
% * % * " %' (
* % * % )
% & ! # ) # * " '
# * " % & # ( # ##
+ 6 H 8 H, # + '6 8, + "' 8,'
! * % &
# " "& #
* " % ' ( " $ '
# * " % ( * A ##
# $( # % '
# * %
& # ( # # T % F *
+ "' ;,'
! # ) ! $ (
" ! % % # ' " @
* ! # * % ' / $
" ! #$ ) )
' N * # ( # '
* # * ) #
* # " ' % # $ %
! # % @ ! # ( + T ! # ,' #
T * * % # 7 + 1;5, + =14,'
5 1 ;
! # ( # ) #
# ' G * " % )
# ! " * # * G "# ! # '
+O "" =;0 D C =0E D Q " =0E D X R . =4E D X R .
2 =4 D 7 . ' =45 D =41 D Q " . =4=,' 3
( * ! * % ) !
! # 5 * * ] # _ ^
+2 1'8, + "' 5,'
# ! A % ! ? " ! #
) % ' N ## " # % #
* M I ! # ) ! # " ! '
/ ! ! # " ## 4 ) 58 +
S4; S86 S==, * ! ! #
# ( # * @ '
# ! # " + "' 6,'
* '
!! ! " # ! * *
! # # # #
# ! # T " + "' 0,'
# !! ! " ' ! # T
! # % % ! # M "
# ? ( % % # ' B !!
85
! # ( # +
, '
/ ! ! # " # ! " " #
! " # ## % #
+ =41,'
7 - ' 8 9
% M ##
# # # * # ! # > !! " #
* " # % " #
# ' 3 & ) !
! "
! " !! " # ( !
# # ! # # * '
7 ! ,, 4
Q " + =4;, Q " . + =40, # !! G #
!! " # ! # ' B # * (
! # $ # % #
!! ! # * %'
C ( # # + *
# & =61,' 9 ! ( # #
! # !! * % " # ' + =E8, # (
& # G
0='
/ "# G # G * ) # T ! # '
## * # % (
( ! " G +N X 3 * =50 D C =05 D C
=00 D " =00 D 2 =4 D O . =48 D ! X R . =48 D
3 " =4; D C R. =4E D 7 . =45 D B. " ==E,'
* " # # * % ( 7 + 1;5,'
* ! G # '6 8'
! " 4 ; # ( # +2=,
" ! ! + 5 0 ,' !!
* M ) ! " ! # '
# 6 8 #
+ ;, ( ! # ' ! # %
# 6 8 # # 8 *
! # # * M ) ! # #
+ # 7 . ==E D ==; ,'
! + 5, # 8 # #
! ' # 8 ) #
! # # ( ! ' #$
# ( ( ! !
" ( ( & ! " '
7 + ,,
!! % # ( # # # #
! * # G ' B " # * ( A *
* ' N * % " + =08, " + =04, 2 . @
80
+ =1;,' - !! # ! ( (
+ " ! ( ! ,
# ) ' ( *
# ' + =41, * %
3 . + =08, Q " C . + =00, !! # ( !!
! " # # "$ ' (
# "$ " % !
' ## * # ( + =0;, ! "
! ' !! ! " %
! # "$
! A !! ' C 7 + =00,
( ( !! A # $ #
% % ) " ! # + EE ,'
! # !! % % #
( ! ) " %
% +C 2 % =00,' B % ) ?
!! % % # & $# ! " '
3 # $ * # %
" ! # * # !!
! "
# ' N # ( !! ( #
E * " " ) + # 7 . ==E,'
! " ( !!
# ( ( ! #