Detection of multicomponent signals: effect of difference in level between components

HAL Id: hal-00805365

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00805365

Submitted on 27 Mar 2013

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Detection of multicomponent signals: effect of difference in level between components

Dubois Françoise, Sabine Meunier, Rabau Guy, Poisson Franck, Guyader Gaël

To cite this version:

Dubois Françoise, Sabine Meunier, Rabau Guy, Poisson Franck, Guyader Gaël. Detection of multi- component signals: effect of difference in level between components. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America, 2011, 130 (5), pp.EL284-EL289. �10.1121/1.3637364�.

�hal-00805365�

1232435678698ABC3546AD672738E5F7CE8992438698599227428578 C22C823227846AD67273E

123456789ABCD678EAF3D749A9C4792EACA3D3C

3D6236729A9A347C9A9A6C87C9EA47A2629A9A9929A !"#E

$9429A%37643&A9A&3A9929AF7947'7C9EA(#A9)74A*689+7,C792EA#(-!.A32897&&9EA12349 CD678/&)30428+)280'2EA)9C4792/&)30428+)280'2EACD678/&)30428+)280'2

12341A678864

F67A%37643&9A98A$9)748A9A'92A12345378EA-"A2C9A9A64298EA "( 2A3278EA12349 '23410678864/84'0'2

33&AC392

49469429A943C&EEA#A3594C9ACA6&'EA 6.66AC346C2EA12349 ,39&0,C392/2943C&06)

E3431 234 1 54647689A 1 9B 1 CDE6879CF9A4A6 1 8AE 1 B9 1 3873 1 634 1 79CF9A4A6 1 4 1 A961

4D8546476E4 1 8 1 F4784E 1 8A468645 1 1 1 BDA7689A 1 9B 1 634 1 E44E 1 58BB44A74 17

1 4644A1 79CF9A4A61 234 1 54647689A 1 63439E5 1 4 1 5464C8A45 1 B9 1 1 44A69A4 1 79CFE4 1 8AE 1 8631 A59C1668A1F341C451138641A984144E158BB44A7414644A1634179CF9A4A6141 4C8A45111C954E1B91A9A4D8546476E4179A58689A14519A16341668687E1DCC689A1C954E1 8 1 547845 1 234 1 8CF94C4A6 1 8A 1 54647689A 1 8 1 7E7DE645 1 B9C 1 634 1 E44E 1 58BB44A74 1 4644A1 79CF9A4A616361814E6451691634163439E51B918AE4179CF9A4A612341C954E1F4587689A1418A1 7795A741863163414F48C4A6E14DE6

1 !""179D687E1#9784619B1C487

87BA2E1$%&&'7

B7757F8353C21'4647689A19B1CDE6879CF9A4A618AE

123456

12 3456789A5B74

(34A168A1691546476118AE18A179DA51A984)16341E864A4181DC451691D411B8E6413941 74A641B4D4A71814DE169163619B163418AE123439E5181DC451691794F9A5169117468A1 8AE69A984168916163419D6FD619B16341B8E64123814619B1DCF689A13179C4169141A9A11 63416:92A892C)A)69&19B1C8A1*B9114841441+44A)1",-./1+0E41*",-$/1A5118EE1

*",-&/13945163616341F941F476DC1C954E11E91FFE87E41691CDE6879CF9A4A618AE21 6341 B9DA51 6361 634154647689A 19B 1179CFE4 1 69A418 145 19A 16341 54647689A 1 9B1 861 C96148E1 546476E4179CF9A4A6177958A169163441D639)1634154647689A19B1CDE6879CF9A4A618AE181 9AE14519A163418AE14A41BEE8A18A6919A41B4D4A71A513944)1+44A1*",-./1B9DA51 63611F819B18AE1854E14F64518A1B4D4A7114664154647645163A1861C941546476E41 C4C4123418CF94C4A618A154647689A1B91CDE6879CF9A4A618AE18154B8A4511634158BB44A741 8A1E44E14644A1634163439E519B1473179CF9A4A6134A1F44A64518A189E689A1A516341C451 63439E5 1 9B 1 634 1 79CFE4 1 4F445 1 1 E44E 1 F4 1 79CF9A4A6 1 64 1 4F48C4A6 1 76DEE1 79AB8C45163418CF94C4A618A154647689A1B91CDE6879CF9A4A618AE1*#F844E)1",4,51A3A1 A5 1 693ED73) 1 ",, / 1 1DE68FE4 1 854E 1 F745 1 8AD985E 1 79CF9A4A6 1 F44A645 1 8A 1 1 79DA51A9841414664154647645163A1A19B163418A5885DE179CF9A4A61

291C954E134144A1F9F9451691F4587616341C45163439E519B1179CFE418AE)19631451 9A1634154647689A19B147318A5885DE179CF9A4A6134A1F44A6451E9A418A16341C41C4216341 547889A63439E51C954E1A516341668687E1DCC689A1C954E12341668687E1DCC689A1C954E1

*+44A1A51#46)1",4$/1 F96DE641636163414A418638A14731B4D4A74E47684173AA4E181 6AB9C45 1 8A69 1 1 +D8A 1 5868D645 1 547889A 1 8E4 1 23D) 1 1 5464768E86 1 8A54 1

;1 81 9786451691473173AA4E170A234194EE15464768E8618A541

;18163418A64689A19B163418A5885DE1

123457

;123D)177958A16916341668687E1DCC689A1C954E)1CDE68FE4173AA4E1418A646451691B9C11

8AE4181B9154647689A1A18A74418A16341ADC419B168CDE645173AA4E1841634194EE1 ED419B163415464768E8618A54)1A5 179A4D4A6E1634154647689A 1818CF945 179A6169 16341 668687E1DCC689A1C954E)16341547889A63439E51C954E1F4587616361634194EE1547889A1811 BDA7689A19B163418A5885DE1547889A18A1473173AA4E1234194EE1F4B9CA7418A154647689A181451 9A 1 CDE68FE4 1 94689A 1 B9C 1 634 1 58BB44A61 68CDE645 1 73AA4E 1 873 1 558689AE 1 94689A1

*73AA4E/1E451691A963418A54F4A54A6154647689A19FF96DA86)1A5179A4D4A6E1634154647689A181 8CF945 1 9963 1 C954E 1 4 1 E85 1 F98545 1 634 1 94689A 1 8A 1 634 1 58BB44A6 1 73AA4E 1 41 8A54F4A54A6

2341691C954E1419B64A18A5868AD83E4147D419631F458761A18CF94C4A618A154647689A1 9DD1461E1*",.&/1C4D451F739C46871BDA7689A1B9163441FD4169A41A51A1".69A4179CFE41 C45111DA8B9CE1C8A1A9841:A195416915868AD8314644A16341691C954E)19DD1461 E1*",.&/1F44A6451486341473168CDED18A158BB44A61489A1*B845179A58689A/191EE1634168CDE81 A59CE18638A19A41489A1*A59C179A58689A/177958A16916341547889A63439E51C954E)16341 F98E86163618A1473168CDE645173AA4E16341547889A18E414744511B8451F474A6419B1 79476 1 4F9A48 4E645 1 69 1 634 1 63439E5 1 8 1 634 1 C4 1 8A 1 963 1 79A58689A 1 79A4D4A6E) 1 6341 CDE6879CF9A4A6 1 8AE 1 63439E5 1 39DE5 1 4 1 DA73A451 79A6 1 69 1 634 1 547889A63439E51 C954E) 1 634 1 668687E 1 DCC689A 1 C954E 1 F45876 1 A 1 8A744 1 8A 1 634 1 8A74 1 9B 1 634 1 547889A1 8E418A16341A59C179A58689A)1A5179A4D4A6E)1A18A74418A163439E519DD1461E1*",.&/1 C4D45 1 63439E5 1 636 1 44 1 3834 1 8A 1 634 1 A59C 1 79A58689A 1 63A 1 8A 1 634 1 B845 1 79A58689A)1 8A58768A 163616341 668687E1 DCC689A 1 C954E1 81 8A 1995 144C4A61 863 16348 14F48C4A6E1 56177958A16916341668687E1DCC689A1C954E)1634194EE15464768E8618A541

;A814DE1691

123458

1

2

2

4

7 7

4

"

;

; 1:A163417419B14D8546476E4179CF9A4A6)163418A5885DE15464768E8618A5441

;A

414DE1A51

2 4 ;

11;181F9F9689AE169163418AE18A64A86)16341668687E1DCC689A1 C954E1 F45876 1 636 1 634 1 54647689A1 81 8CF945 1 1 - 1 E9*4/ 1 591 2 1

1 2

1 *44 1 A461 47689A1B9154C9A6689A/14

1816341E44E19B163417

179CF9A4A618A16341CDE6879CF9A4A618AE161 861C45163439E51A5A 4

1 81634163439E519B1634 17

1 79CF9A4A6134A1F44A6451E9A418A16341 C4

>41D63913416D5845163418ABED4A7419B1634158BB44A7418A1E44E14644A179CF9A4A619A1C451 63439E51979A1461E1* !! /1C4D45163439E519B168FE461F44A6451614DE1F387E1E44E)1 C4511DAC95DE645191C95DE6451A91A519B1A984)174A644516163418AE1B4D4A7841 234179CF451634814DE618631639419B1+941A513EE1*",,4/1391C4D45163439E51B91 CDE6879CF9A4A618AE1F44A6451614DE1F387E1E44E1979A1461E1* !! /1B9DA5163616341 8CF94C4A618A163439E511A9618ABED4A745116341DCF689A19B14D85464768E8613944)1 638 1 79A7ED89A 1 1 64CF445 1 1 634 1 B76 1 636 1 634 1 58BB44A74 1 4644A 1 634 1 8AE479CF9A4A61 63439E511F9E1E4163A11B41591B916341B4D4A7841646451#9)1979A1461E1* !! /1 4CF38?451 63418CF96A7419B1E44E158BB44A7414644A179CF9A4A616916D51634154647689A19B1 79CFE4169A41@A154A198A1A5139D661*",,!/1C4D451634163439E51B91634416F419B1 8AE1C45113864191F8A1A9841873179CF9A4A618A14731"=%9761A5179445116341 79CFE418AE11B8451616341C418AE69A98416891#9)1163415C86645)163418AE144 1 A961476E11D619AE1FF98C64E114D8546476E4111$1E9*4/1DE41*A9611-E9*4/1DE4/144C451 691F45876163414F48C4A6E14DE61

123459

:A 1 634 1 F44A6 1 6D5) 1 634 1 54647689A 1 9B 1 CDE6879CF9A4A6 1 8AE 1 8 1 77D64E1 8A468645 1 1 1 BDA7689A19B16341E44E158BB44A7414644A179CF9A4A6123418D419B18A64461816341464A89A19B16341 668687E1DCC689A1C954E1691A9A4D8546476E4179CF9A4A61

C2 DEF55B5BA95B7478F76474F9B8F5FA5FA774F45

77958A 1 69 1 634 1 668687E 1 DCC689A 1 C954E) 1 8B 1 EE 1 634 1 79CF9A4A6 1 9B 1 634 1 79CFE4 1 4 1 8A1 58BB44A6 1 78687E 1 A5 1 A5 1 4D8546476E4) 1 634 1 8A5885DE 1 ED4 1 9B 1

A1 4 1 4DE 1 A5 1 6341 79C8A45 1 ED4 1 9B 1) 1 54A9645 1

) 1 8A744 1 1 634 1 D4 1 996 1 9B 140 A:A 1 634 1 74 1 9B 1 A9A 4D8546476E4 1 79CF9A4A6) 1 1 58BB44A74 1 8A 1 E44E 17

1 8 1 8A695D745 1 8A 1 954 1 69 1 4C8A4 1 6341 4E684179A68D689A1691E9E154647689A19B1473179CFE418AE179CF9A4A617

18154B8A45116341 58BB44A7414644A 1

1 A5 1

)138731416341E44E19B1634 17

1 A51634 19

1 79CF9A4A619B16341A 79CF9A4A618AE)14F44514E6841691634818A5885DE163439E5 14

A A5 14

1

A5 1

416341 E44E19B163418

1A516341B

179CF9A4A619B16341A79CF9A4A618AE

1

2

7 4 7 9 7 9

7

4 4

2 3 2 3 3 3

3

It is known that the psychometric functions for the detection of pure tones in noise and in quiet are well described by d’=kI

, where I is the signal power and

1 (Egan et al., 1969). Consequently,

12 the difference between the detectability

index d’

for the i

component in the n-component signal and the detectability index d’

at threshold when the same component is presented individually can be related to the difference in level:

7 4 7 2 7 4

7

4

3 2

3

; /

*

;

=

/ "! < E9* / E9*

<

"!

1

2

2 7 4

7

/ "! < E9*

/ "! < E9*

/ "! < E9*

/

E9*

<

"! 3 3 3 2 3

Given that at threshold d’

and d’

are equal, the formula reduces to:

12345A

;

=

"!

;

=

=

"! _{9 4}

4

7

9 7

3

2

!

The overall detectability index, that is, the combination of the individual values

of d

’, expressed via the single detectability index d’

, becomes:

4 9 4

7

4

9 7

=

"

"!

; "! ;

=

4 5 5 5 6 7 8

8 8 9 A

B B C D E

E F

2

1

2 3

"

Thus, if an optimal weighting of the channel is used,

2 4 ;

with

1

2 3

B B C D E

E F 2

4

7

_{7 9}

"

"!

=

"!

9 4

9

1

; 2 "! E9 4 E9

"!

A51 ^{"! E9 ;}

^{2 "! E9} 1 ^{4 ;}

2 ^{2 "! E9 4 "! E9 1 4}

+84A163616163439E51

1814DE1691

211 4

2 "! E9 4 4

Consequently, the improvement in detection for a non-equidetectable multicomponent signal is related to the level difference L 2

between components by the relation:

1 2

B C D E

E F

5 6 7 8

9 A

3 2

1

2 3 4 7

4

9 9

9

4 7

4

"

"!

=

"! =

E9

<

"!

&

The purpose of the experiment presented here was to measure masked thresholds for non-equidetectable complex signals to determine precisely the extent of improvement in detection, as a function of the level difference 2 L

between components, and then to test the statistical summation model for non- equidetectable multicomponents with an optimal weighting of the channels.

12345B

2 F5FA5B745E6FE7876A7FB4B5E8BF6F4AFB4FFF5FF4 A774F45

1232 456789

'4647689A163439E514415464C8A451B91144A69A41*.!)1"&!)1% !)1&$!)1" .!)1 -&!)1-" !13?/1 79CFE418AE)18631A59C1668A1F341C451138641A984823418689A19B16341E44E1 58BB44A74 1 4644A 1 634 1 79CF9A4A6 1 1 4C8A45 1 8 1 634 1 FC4641 7

) 11 54B8A45 1 8A1 FF31 123414B44A74179CF9A4A6 191 816341B9D63179CF9A4A619B1634179CFE418AE)161&$!1 3?1:A179A58689A1")1819D619B1634144A179CF9A4A61*")1 )1%)1-)1&1A514/1441547445117

)1 3873114DE1691!1*4D8546476E4179A58689A/)1-)1"!)1"-)1 !1A51 -1591:A179A58689A1 )1B9D19D61 9B 1 634 1 44A 1 79CF9A4A6 1 *") 1 ) 1 & 1 A5 1 4/ 1 44 1 547445 1 17

) 1 3873 1 1 4DE 1 69 1 !1

*4D8546476E4179A58689A/)1-)1"!1A51"-15912341C411F44A6451611E44E19B1--1591#1 2341345F39A4117E86451D8A115DCC13451*345179D68713C#1:: /1916361E44E1 44154B8A45119DA51F4D41E44E1*#D/1A41634145DC

141A518AE14414A464518A1A1CD5 1*2'2/1787D8618A7ED58A1 !1C1798A4D451 84=BEE1CF1 2341441EE1-!!1C18A15D689A1 234168CDE81441FE4519D619B114E68C41 F9749 1 *CD ) 1 2'2/) 1 634A 1 F45 1 639D3 1 F9CCE4 1 664AD69 1 *2'2 1 D-/ 1 A5 1 1 345F39A415841*2'21394/14B94148A1F44A64516916341E864A4 19411#4AA348413'&-!1 345461 234168CDE81441F44A6451589687EE16916341E864A4 12341E864A41 441464518A11 59DE4EE4519DA51664AD68A199631A5141634814F9A418113A534E514F9A419 23439E5 1 44 1 C4D45 1D8A 1 A 1 5F684 1 63448A64E 1 B9745739874 1 F9745D4 1 *% 1 :>7/1 8A79F968A11634459A19A4DF164FF8A1DE416361468C645163414,$E1794761F98A619A16341 F739C46871BDA7689A12341E864A8A18A64E14418A587645111ADC41*")1 191%/19A16341

12345C

E864A4A1C9A869)1A51B445711F985451B64147314F9A4144E118A868EE15BD64518A1 64F19B1-159)1A5145D7451691 1591B6416341479A5144E1234167179A68AD451B911696E19B1 64E4144E)1A516341978645163439E51468C641179CFD6451163414418AE1E44E1 616341E614836144E123439E5144179EE476451E97451179A58689A1:A14731E97) 17

1B8451234195419B1E971F44A6689A11A59C8?451A5158BB4451B9C19A41E864A416916341 9634129163439E51468C64144179EE476451B91473 17

1 A5144516914A46411B8AE1 63439E51468C641:B163416A551548689A19B163614411464163A1%159)1A1558689AE1 468C6411968A451A518A7ED54518A1634144

F8A4 1 DB476 1 * 1 B4CE4) 1 4 1 CE4/ 1 A8A 1 8A 1 4 1 B9C 1 1 69 1 -" 1 4 1 *C4A 1 9B 1 , 1 4/1 F6878F645 1 8A 1 634 1 4F48C4A6 1EE 1 35 1 9ED64 1 63439E5 1 9B 1 "- 1 59 1 31 9 1 E4 1 6 1 97641 B4D4A78414644A1" -1A51.!!!13?

12A2 B5CDE6C

23418CF94C4A618A154647689A117E7DE6451B914731DB476123414DE6144179A864A61791 DB476123419DF;1 C4A 14DE6 14139A1 8A1 B8D41 "123418CF94C4A61 8A1 54647689A1 81 FE966451B9179A58689A1"1*787E4/1A5179A58689A1 1*D4/111BDA7689A19B17

15912341F45876451 C45163439E517E7DE64511FFE8A14D689A1*8./141F44A64518A1B8D41"119E851E8A41 B9179A58689A1"1A5153451E8A41B9179A58689A1 1(34A1634179CF9A4A619B1634179CFE418AE141 4DEE1546476E41*7

G!/)163418CF94C4A618A154647689A1814DE1691$ 159)11F458764511 6341-E9*4/1DE41:A1B8D41")1B9179A58689A1")18617A14144A1636116341E44E158BB44A74 17

8A7441941"!159163418CF94C4A618A154647689A164A516951?491(34A17

1814DE1691-1 59)1A18CF94C4A618A154647689A1C8514644A1-E9*4/1A51?4918194451>9179A58689A1 )1 86 1 7A 1 4 1 44A 1 636 1 34A 1 634 1 79CF9A4A6 1 9B 1 634 1 8AE 1 4 1 A96 1 4DEE 1 546476E4) 1 6341

12345D

8CF94C4A618A154647689A164A516951179A6A61ED412381ED41817E9416916341-E9*%/1591 63439E5 1 8CF94C4A6) 1 1 F4587645 1 1 634 1 668687E 1 DCC689A 1 C954E 1 B9 1 1 %79CF9A4A61 4DEE546476E4 1 8AE 1 1 4F4645C4D4 1 AE8 1 9B 1 8A74 1 *FH@/ 1 44E45 1 1 8A8B87A614BB47619B16341E44E158BB44A7417

1 8A19631741*>*FG,)15EG-/G !&%)1FI!!!!"1A51

>*FG,)15EG%/G-!.)1FI!!"/ 11 >9179A58689A1")16341F49A1794E689A14644A1C4D451A51 F458764511383E18A8B87A61*C G!,$)1FG!!!"&/1>9179A58689A1 )16341794E689A11A961 8A8B87A6 1 *C G!44) 1 FG!" /5 1 3944) 1 9AE 1 B9D 1 F98A6 1 44 1 D45 1 69 1 7E7DE64 1 634 1 F49A1 794E689A1:B16341F45876451ED41441FE9664518A616341C4D451ED41B91963179A58689A1

*B8 1 "/) 1 1 E8A4 1 4E689A38F 1 1 9445 1 863 1 1 383E 1 8A8B87A6 1 794E689A 1 *C G!,$)1 FI!!!"/

1212 FCDCC8

23414DE61B917

G!1418C8E1691639414F96451F489DE18A1E8646D41B914DEE1546476E41 8AE1873179CF9A4A619B1634144A69A4179CFE418AE1816464511A18A54F4A54A619D7419B1 8AB9C689A 1 >9 17

G!)1 6 1 8AE 1 63439E5) 1 634 1 8A5885DE 1 ED4 1 9B 1

A 1 B9 1 634 1 E941 79CF9A4A6 1 64A5 1 695 1 ?49 1 17

1 8A744 12344B94) 1 634 1 94EE 1 4A86886 1 9B 1 6341 CDE6869AE179CFE41*

A/164A51695163418A5415464768E8619B163413834179CF9A4A6)1A5163D1 9AE16344179CF9A4A61FE119E418A1634154647689A123418CF94C4A618A154647689A164A516916341 8CF94C4A618A154647689A1B9DA51B9118AE179A68A8A19AE16341F9C8A4A6179CF9A4A6

2341C9618A64468A1F47619B16341F44A614DE618163418CF94C4A618A154647689A1944518A16341 C85179A58689A1'4647689A1818CF945111B76919B1E4163A1-E9*4/191-E9*%/)1D6168EE186181 8CF9451 12341-E9*4/1DE4181A961E851:A5445)16341

19B163419B64179CF9A4A6179A68D641E41 691634194EE 1

A163A18A163414DEE1546476E4179A58689A1234156179AB8C1F489D14DE6)1

12345E

968A45119DD1A51+941* !!,/12341C4D45163439E51B91-79CF9A4A6179CFE418AE1 C4511"-3?18541A519B1+D8A1A9841873169A411F44A6451614DE1E44E18A1591#1

*A9CE8?45/191614DE1E44E18A1591#D1*4DE/123413945163616341-E9* 4/1DE4144C1691B8E1 B914DEE18A64A4179CF9A4A613441861814EE146E83451B914DEE1546476E4179CF9A4A621 6341C4D4511%%159163439E518CF94C4A61*-E9*-/G%$,/1B916341B8479CF9A4A618AE18A1 6341A9CE8?45179A58689A)134A1473169A4118A5885DEE15BD64518A1CFE86D5414519A16341 54647689A163439E5)1A519AE1"-15918A163414DE179A58689A

234 1 464A89A 1 9B 1 634 1 668687E 1 DCC689A 1 C954E 1 69 1 A9A4D86476E4 1 79CF9A4A6 1 EE9 1 691 F45876 1 D864 1 4EE 1 C4D45 1 ED4 1 3944) 1 634 1 794E689A 1 4644A 1 634 1 F4587645 1 A5 1 6341 C4D451ED411A96199518A179A58689A1 1234179A58689A17

G1-15918163419A41B9138731 94451A51F45876451ED41416341C96158BB44A619D611664615851A9618A5876418A8B87A61 58BB44A7414644A1634194451A516341F4587645163439E51B917

G1-15918A1963179A58689A1

*6

G1" &)1FG!! -1A516

G"-")1FG!! -)1B9179A58689A1"1A51 14F47684E/1:618EE13944141 8CF96A616916D51C941F478B87EE1634163439E51B91ED419B 17

9DA51-5918A19541691 4B8A4163414DE6

2 !96"48A74A9B74

1 C954E 1B9 1 A9A4D8546476E4 1 CDE6879CF9A4A6 1 8AE 1 1 547845 1A 1 4F48C4A6 1 1 79A5D7645 1 3448A 1 6341 8CF94C4A61 8A 1 54647689A 1 1 C4D45 1 B91 1 44A69A41 8AE1 8631 58BB44A7418A1E44E14644A179CF9A4A6123414DE617A141DCC8?4511B9EE921*"/1>86E)1 B9163414D8546476E418AE)163414DE618179A864A6186316341E8646D414DE61A51E9186316341 668687E 1 DCC689A 1 C954E 1 F4587689A 1 4DE6 1 * / 1 (34A 1 634 1 E44E 1 58BB44A74 17

1 4644A1 79CF9A4A6181E4)19AE16341C961F9C8A4A6179CF9A4A61FE119E418A1634154647689A1*%/11

123456F

C954E11F9F94516361C41861F98E41691F45876163418CF94C4A618A154647689A18A163417419B1 A9A4D8546476E4179CF9A4A61 2344156134163494687E114EE11F7687E18CFE87689A1 23414DE619B163814F48C4A61799964146E834514DE6179A74A8A163418A64689A19B18AE1 4A4 1 B9C 1 79 1 634 1 F476DC) 1 A5 1 464A5 1 634C 1 69 1 634 1 F478B87 1 79AB8D689A 1 3448A1 79CF9A4A619B16341CDE6869A418AE1438861E44E158BB44A741>9C11F7687E1F98A619B184)16341 56 1 C 1 F9854 1 1 8 1 69 1 F45876 1 C8A 1 4BB476 1 8A 1 79A58689A 1 7E94 1 69 1 479E987EE1 8A8B87A6179A58689A16361416F87EE1C94179CFE4

2922742E878C57'E

979A)1#1D)1+8CDE61F)1A51441J1* !! /1K#F476E18A64689A18A1A519B1C95DE645191 DAC95DE6451A984K)1J179D61#971C41"" 1* /)1 ", &

9DD) 1 #) 1 #7394 1 8) 1 >E94A68A4 1 1) 1 A5 1 L874 1 8 1 *",.&/ 1K'47889A 1 DE4 1 8A 1 54647689A 1 9B1 8CFE41A5179CFE4169A4K)1J179D61#971C41.!1*&/)1"&$&"&-4

9DD)18)1A51+94)1J31* !!,/1K#F476E18A64689A1DA54179A58689A19B179C95DE6451C8A1 4E44K)1J179D61#971C4)1" -1*%/)1"&" "& "

8A1J1D)18A5A41(11A5117>554A1'1*",&,/1K18AE44E158BB44A741A516341B9C19B1 6341F739C46871BDA7689AK)11D474F689A1A51D739F3871&1*$/)1 !, "-

+0E4) 1 + 1 *",-$/ 1 KM4 1 584 1 3N734EE4 1 BM 1 #73EE448A84 1 C86 1 4738454A 1 4864C1

>4D4A?F476DCK)17D6871$)194831")1$!.$"$

+44A)1'111*",-./1K'4647689A19B1CDE6879CF9A4A618AE18A1A984K)1J179D61#971C4)1%!1

*"!/)1,!$,""

+44A)1'1)1A51#46)1J)1*",4$/1K#8AE1'4647689A123491A51D739F387K)1F41O921 (8E41

1234566

+94)1J131A513EE1J1(1:::)1*",,4/1K1DE68A5154647689A19B14A41BED76D689AK)1J179D61

#971C41"! 1* /)1"!.."!,&

A3A)11A51693ED73)11*",, /1K#F476E18A64689A19B195A518AE18A15896871A51 587396871C8A14F48C4A6K)1J1D58918A1#971,"1*"/)1%"4% &

18EE) 1 2 1 *",-&/ 1K'4647689A 1 6349 1 A5 1 F739F387K) 1 2473 1 C4F 1 F9 1 %",) 1 C44731 96919B18E4769A87)11:2)17C854)11

#F844E)111>1*",4,/1K2341A419B1F476E18A64689AK)1J179D61#971C41&&1*-/)1"%-&

"%&%

@A154A18A)1(7)1A5139D66)121*",,!/1K8BB8784A6179B4D4A718A64689A18A1396 8AE154647689A)K1J179D61#971C41.41*"/)1 .$ ,"

1234567

(5FB281 / 12341464A619B 18CF94C4A618A154647689A1 4451791DB476111BDA7689A19B1 63418AE179A58689A1814F44A64511:A179A58689A1"11*787E4/163418AE114DEE1546476E41*! 1 59/ 1 A5 1 634A) 1 634 1 &$!3? 1 79CF9A4A6 1 1 8A7445 1 1 -) 1 "!) 1 "-) 1 !) 1 - 1 59 1234 1 9E85 1 E8A41 8EED66416341F45876451ED41B9C16341668687E1DCC689A1C954E1B9179A58689A1"1:A179A58689A1 1 *D4/) 1 634 1 8AE 1 1 4DEE 1 546476E4 1 *! 1 59/ 1 A5 1 634A) 1 634 1 % !) 1 &$! 1 A5 1 " .!3?1 79CF9A4A614418A744511-)1"!)1"-15912341D41441E836E1C945169163418361691 C41 86 1 484 1 69 1 944 12341 6A55 1 548689A 1 4 1 4F44A645 1 1 6341 49 1 1 / 12341 F458764518CF94C4A618A154647689A1B9C16341668687E1DCC689A1C954E111BDA7689A19B16341 C4D4518CF94C4A618A154647689A1814F44A6451B9179A58689A1"1A51 1C 18139A19A16341 DFF4183619B16341F3

1234568