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A Convergent Algorithm for the Multimodal Traffic Equilibrium Problem

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(1)A Convergent Algorithm for the Multimodal Traffic Equilibrium Problem Laura Wynter. To cite this version: Laura Wynter. A Convergent Algorithm for the Multimodal Traffic Equilibrium Problem. [Research Report] RR-4125, INRIA. 2001. �inria-00072503�. HAL Id: inria-00072503 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072503 Submitted on 24 May 2006. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. A convergent algorithm for the multimodal traffic equilibrium problem Laura Wynter. N° 4125 February 2001. ISSN 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--4125--FR+ENG. THÈME 4. apport de recherche.

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(13) °†±ÈÇ. Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France) Téléphone : +33 1 39 63 55 11 — Télécopie : +33 1 39 63 53 30.

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(116) 

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