CLIMAGIE: A French INRA project to adapt the grasslands to climate change

(1)

HAL Id: hal-01239525

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01239525

Submitted on 7 Dec 2015

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access

archive for the deposit and dissemination of

sci-entific research documents, whether they are

pub-lished or not. The documents may come from

teaching and research institutions in France or

abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est

destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents

scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,

émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de

recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires

publics ou privés.

CLIMAGIE: A French INRA project to adapt the

grasslands to climate change

Jean-Louis Durand, Jerome Enjalbert, Laurent Hazard, Isabelle Litrico,

Catherine Picon-Cochard, Marie-Pascale Prud’Homme, Florence Volaire

To cite this version:

Jean-Louis Durand, Jerome Enjalbert, Laurent Hazard, Isabelle Litrico, Catherine Picon-Cochard, et

al.. CLIMAGIE: A French INRA project to adapt the grasslands to climate change. 22. International

Grassland Congress, Sep 2013, Sydney, Australia. pp.2024. �hal-01239525�

(2)

Climate change impacts on grassland production, composition, distribution and adaptation

CLIMAGIE: A

French INRA project to adapt the grasslands to climate

change

Jean-Louis Durand

A

_,

_{Jérome Enjalbert}

B

_{, Laurent Hazard}

C

_{, Isabelle Litrico}

A

_{, Catherine}

Picon-Cochard

D

,

Marie-Pascale Prudhomme

E

and Florence Volaire

F

A_{URP3F, INRA, 86 600 Lusignan, France}

B_{UMRGV INRA, Le Moulon, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France} C_{AGIR INRA, 31320 Castanet Tolosan, France}

D_{UREP INRA, 63039 Clermont Ferrand cedex 2, France}

E_{EVA INRA_Université de Caen-Basse Normandie, 14032 Caen cedex 5, France} F_{USC INRA CNRS CEFE, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France}

Contact email: jean-louis.durand@lusignan.inra.fr

Keywords: Climate change, phenology, plant productivity

.

Introduction

Climate change in France, central and southern Europe is expected to provoke more frequent and more intense summer water deficits, with increased amplitude in temperatures, exposing the same perennial crops to frosts as well as to heat waves and severe droughts. The impacts on sown monospecific grasslands have been assessed using crop models (Durand et al. 2010) but with less accuracy in extreme situations. Since less work has been done on intra-specific genetic variability there is urgent need to investigate both ranges of climate conditions and genetic variability (Poirier et al. 2012). Phenology and plant productivity responses to water, temperature and nitrogen (N) in particular need to be re-assessed over the full range of temperatures projected in the future.

What is CLIMAGIE?

The multidisciplinary Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) research program CLIMAGIE aims to improve our knowledge and provide innovations for adapting grasslands to climate change. Collaboration between community and functional ecologists, eco-physiologists and quantitative geneticians will provide new rules for species and cultivars ecotypes assembling. That framework will be tested experimentally and in silico with the models under construction by our teams. It will contribute to the definition of new ideotypes and breeding schemes of major species, in close collaboration with seed companies on the one hand and directly with end users through participatory breeding programs on the other hand.

Organizing investigations and sharing results

Three integrated groups of tasks (work packages) are defined (Fig. 1):

• Analysis of the genetic intra- and inter-specific vari-ability of the physiological responses to temperatures

and droughts in grassland species (legumes and grasses). In particular, the morphogenetic response of various populations in 6 important grassland species to the full range of temperature (5-45°C) will be studied. The evolvability of populations under severe drought conditions will be studied in grasses. New method-ologies for measuring the genetic variability of water use, water use efficiency and summer dormancy will be tested. • Modelling of the dynamics of the long-term production

of sown grasslands. Three models will be tested for: (1) spatially explicit tillering of multispecies grass swards; (2) individual based competition including legumes and grasses; and (3) complex grassland community dynamics using functional ecological modelling.

• Operational selection schemes, ideotypes and assembling rules for mixed grasslands. This includes: (1) novel methodologies to assess and manage of both the ex situ and in situ genetic resources including biogeographical approaches; (2) building of selections procedures for mixed sown grasslands; (3) construction of an internet dynamic data base for assembling cultivars under various management and climate conditions.

References

Durand J-L, Bernard F, Lardy R, Graux A-I (2010) Climate change and grassland: the main impacts. In Green book of the CLIMATOR project - Climate change, agriculture and forests in France: simulations of the impacts on the main species. (Eds N Brisson & F Levrault ) pp 181-190. ADEME. Poirier M, Durand J-L, Volaire F (2012) Persistence and production of perennial grasses under water deficits and extreme temperatures: importance of intraspecific vs. interspecific variability. Global Change Biology 18, 3632-3646.

(3)

Durand et al.

Figure 1. The Structure of the French INRA Project CLIMAGIE.

Production of generic knowledge • plant populations responses to

temperature.

• Intra specific variations in water and nitrogen use efficiency.

• Impact of extreme droughts on under ground processes, soil organic matter and water use. • Role and expression of functionnal

genetic diversity in complex communities.

•

Modeling

• Model 1. tiller based model of complex grass swards with SIsFrt (Lafarge et al

2005)

• Model 2. Simulation of the competition for Ligt, water and nitrogen in complex sown

grasslands (Fig 1) • Model 3. Empirical modelling of the

evolution of species in response to soil fertility (nutritents and water) in mixed grass swards repesenting natural

graslands. Breeding

• ex situ. Breeding for annual production and persistency in

zones submitted to marked summer water deficits. • in situ. Participatory breeding

enabling farmers to control the genetic progress locally.

Traits identification and

mechanisms of adaptation to abiotic stresses (T and water deficits) for Mediterranean

and Temperate grasslands.

Analysing Traits of Medit Vs Temp populations.

• Field dynamics of mixed swards • Response to selection by drought • Summer dormancy WP1 WP 2

ex situ and in situ Genetic resources management. Open and dynamic Data base for assembling populations for sowing grasslands adapted to Climate change Pre-breeding and ressources management tools for seed companies and farmers. WP 3 Modeling the complex grasslands productivity and persistency.

Breeding

grasses and

legumes for

adapted

grasslands to

future climate

WP4 Production of generic knowledge • plant populations responses to

temperature.

•

Modeling

2005)

Breeding

grasses and

legumes for

adapted

grasslands to

future climate

Production of generic knowledge • plant populations responses to

temperature.

•

Modeling

2005)

Breeding

grasses and

legumes for

adapted

grasslands to

future climate

WP4