HAL Id: in2p3-00022033
http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00022033
Submitted on 9 Sep 2004
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Measurement of the atmospheric muon spectrum from 20 to 300 GeV
P. Achard, O. Adriani, M. Aguilar-Benitez, M. Vanden Akker, J. Alcaraz, G.
Alemanni, J. Allaby, A. Aloisio, M G. Alviggi, H. Anderhub, et al.
To cite this version:
P. Achard, O. Adriani, M. Aguilar-Benitez, M. Vanden Akker, J. Alcaraz, et al.. Measurement of the atmospheric muon spectrum from 20 to 300 GeV. Physics Letters B, Elsevier, 2004, 598, pp.15-32.
�10.1016/j.physletb.2004.08.003�. �in2p3-00022033�
#%$'&)(*,+'-.*/$0+!*,13242356*/27138
93:<;<= >4? 1323235
@ ABCEDFGAH AIJLKNMOJGPA QRJEH KSC!TPAF'UV @ DK I
W TXAV.JEF'DH M4F'K H YZ J!K [ZNZ Z \]A_^
`EaXbcSdfegeghji%dlk6h_m6nodfp
qOrtsvuxwzyG{lu
|}x=~3<4:x =:<3;z:cj= /==; 132 =~3;< 8423242 =o
S=~3:x=. }c }<= 8 ~64;<= :<4; j= 4 = =¡¢4S£=;<¤ }
~3;<4¤=~3;x4;<¡¢4 24¥ ¦6§ ¥¨L© :<=ª « }<=¬~64=ª= _4:x=®6¡
~3_4:x t>¯¦ 2 °z<f?<~3;< }<=t==¤=;7 4 =;7 :<±=3:x 4;S3¡² }<=
8 :<4;³´}z~3_=?µ~ <=¤4;3¡ 1v¨¶8'· ~6 %>¯¦ 2 =o¸;¹ }<=»º4=¼ ¤~3
<= 3;¤.~3´}<¤=º4=
¨
|}x=~½ ª3¡t j4¤ ¤º4= ®;<=7~6 º4=:<4;xS¤S¼ :<<¤=¾j= /==;
132 =o¿~3;<¦ 242³ =o?x~3;xS }x=~º4=~33=)º4= ~6_³:<4;´}<~34=)~6
%¡¢4:x;< Nj=N>
¨¶1
§7¦NÀ
2x¨Á24248Â
´~½
¨¶Ã
À
2x¨Á2
>¯Ä
Â
Åv
¨ÆÃǨ
ÈfÉzÊ%Ë!Ì<ÍÏΪÐ3ÑÒ½Ó¯ÔÖÕvÊÕ3×gØÙ3Ú,Ê´ÛÜÚÝÉv×ÛGÔ_ÓxÞßà×gØÙ3Úo×gÒ½áÚ/Ò¹ÚÝÉzÊÜßÙ3Ú,Êâ.×Ù3álØÙãXÒ½ázÚ/ÊßÊ´Ò½áz×ä
å :<xS = æ'ÉvçèÛäÜËéÊÚÚêäÜâ
4 <}x=¤:<4;x.~3=Ï~3 4;< }<=z;z~6f <v<:< .3¡ 3 t~¯Å;<<:x=~3¤ *
}<¯»= ¨ |}x=Ï~3<3:x =:<3;z:~3;<¤ 4 =;7 :<±<= j=;<<=;<=¹~3=S~3;<Å
<= = ;x=N7Å }<=%z:vN3¡j;v:x=4;<'=;7 =¤;< }<=Ü~6 S3 <}<==Ü~3;< }<=.;<:<¤º4=
S=4;X <v<:< 3;X4³= 4;<¹;¬}<¤4} * =;<=3Ū}z~3x4;<¤N;7 =~3 3;< ¨ |}<=
~6 6¡E }<=z:=3¡E j4¤ ¤º4=¹ S;<=7~½ ¤º3=:<3;<?j<=;<6 =ª~6´}z~34=³~6 ¤¤;
}<=¡¢4¤¯.;x<?!=z= }<= <3 4; ;<=:x 4;~6 ~6 }<= 4 3¡ }<=~6
*
<}<==6? ¡¢4¤<=. } }<= <v<:< ¤4;ª~3;<ª<=~Å _= ~3¡0´}z~64=X <¤4;<~6;<
~64;< ¨ }<¤= }<= ;<¯.=<4=3¡. }x= xS~3¼ÅX4 ~Å _= :<j=¯ ~
¡¢= >
242
= }<~3 <¯º3=ª4;xx=~6<¤Å; }x= ==;7 ¹ z~3 à>o?²~34=:<;<=
*
´~3¤;µ = ¤z=¼ ; }<=) <¤~3¼ÅN=;<=3ÅS~6;<4=_= /»==; 2¨ >)| = ~6;<¦ 242 | =
= j3;<¤<=Ü¡¢4G }<=) <v<:< 3;3¡²=4;<z~3=».¤ } 4 =;7 ´~Ï; }<=)~3;<3=):<; *
<= :xxÅ®}x==
¨
4=¯º4=?E }<= <= ´~3¤Ï3¡}<¤4}®=;<=3Ŭ}z~3<4;<¤S¤;µ =~3 4;<
¤G~3 }<=4= ~3':<;<<=¼ ´~3;<x;<~6;<X }<==¹ ¤== _= =;7 ´~30z~6 ~Ö¤;
}<==¤=º6~3;7 t=;<=3Å~3;x <}z~3= z~6==4¤4;< 1 ¨ |}<==¡¢3=³ }<=44:<;< * =º4=
:<4;z:v~3;<´}z~64=~6 ¤~3=t.¤<=Å:x= :<;<=3%º4=¤¡ÝÅ }<= <~3~3 = =
3¡.~6 S4 <}<= ~6~6<=~3:<~6 4;x 8 ¨Ö# :<=;µ ¤Åª }x==~3¤:<~6 ¤4;<Ï~3=
3¡²4=~6 »;7 == ?~3' }<=Å <=< » }<=t~3x4¤:x =)~6 4 <}<=.;<=:x ;<¹z:=
.}<´}~3=t;<==<= ¤;7 = <= }<=4<=º3=³:<4;;<=:x ;<z:v<=z § > 2
~3;< N=º6~3¤:z~6 =t }<=Ïz~3 44:<;<<Ü¡¢4;<=:x ;< ~3¼ 3;<4³Å ¨
|}<=³:<4;z:~3;<´}z~64=~6 ¤}z~º4=N_==;¬=Çv =;x¤º3=Å :<<¤=.¤ }<¤¡ *
¡¢==;7 =Ç j= =;7 ~3! =´}<;<v:x= >3>
¨³-
¯»=º4=? =:< }xè <= z~3;x=Ï3¡
~3j3:x > 2t132'· . }®= j= Ö=~3´}6 }<=?!.}<¤´}=== }x=:<;<=¼ ´~3¤;µ =
~34;<=® }x=;x<¤ºvx:z~3E =~3:<=S=;7 ~6;<X }v:x³;x<~6 = }x=S <==;<=3¡
Åv =S~6 ¤¹=l= );<6 Ü~34:<;7 =Ö¡¢4
¨
- ==Ü~t;<= =~3:<=S=;7 »6¡j }<=.~6 4 <}<=:x4;z:¤G <==;µ =S:<¤;<
}<=. <=¤=.:<3; j= 4 = ='3¡_ }<=. 8 <= = 4'v~½ = ~6 G }<=. $'+ 4¤¤<=
~6
#%$'&)(
?4;<=~6
=;<=º6~x?
å
. £=~3;<
¨Eå
_=~3<~½ =;7 3;E4º4=; }<= <==
<= = ;<~6 ¤4;3¡ ~3¤j==º6~3;7 .<= = 4.~3;<=;7º¤4;xS=;µ ~3f z~6~3 = =;x==x=
³4;7º4= }<=Ü~ * z~½ ´~Ï<¼ ¤<:x 4;<G¤;7 ~3;~3x4¤:x =.:x¡~3==º4= <: ¨ |}<=
~34=t ~6 ¤ .~º6~3¤~3<¤= _=S %=Ç =;<¤º3=¼ :<<¤=.3¡ }<=Ï=¤<:z~3lÅv =S~6 ¤
:<;<= ~3;7 ¤= ¨
! TXAF'UH AIJEB#"cC!AJEDT
|}<=X 4 =;7 :x <¼ <:x 4;6¡~6 S3 <}<=¤:<4;<¤ =~6:<=¸.¤ }¸ }x=
:< <4~3<=X 8 = :< ¬3¡» }<= 8 <= = 4 > 1 ;<¯.; ~3Ï 8%$Ï# > 8 ¨ |}x= <~3
3¡E }x=³<= = 4):<=; }<¤~6;z~3¤Åv)~3=¹ = ´}x=ª;'&!4:x=> ¨ ¡Ý =Ü z~3¤;<
}<4:<4} }<=¹ ~6 z=Ö
¯º4=<:x<=;f?l~3¤=)(4S3~3=(x?x }<=~3¤º6~3j =+*-,
~3~¯Å³ <~6=³4; 4 6¡_ }<=
8
<= = 4
¨
|}<=.~3~ÅE4S _4=3¡
835
v<:<=?
=~3´}=~34:x 7Å /»N <}<3 4:< ¤ <¤='¤;4¤;<¤<=;x=t =<:x=Ï;<4¤= ¨ ;xx=
~ܺ43:< =»6¡ ~3_4:x »> 24242 .¤ }~)S~34;x= ¤ z=¤³3¡ 2¨¦.|?½ }<=»3<¤;z~6 =!~6;<
3 j= 6¡<~.:<4; ~3 ~6='S=~3:x=¹;Ï:< Ï .Ï<¤¡Ý ²´}<~3_= ;t }<=0j=;<<;x
<~3;x=~3;<:x =4}7 =); }<=;<4; * _=;<<¤;< <~3;<= ¨ |}<==N´}z~3_=~3=
~3~3;<4=¾4;<=;7 ¤~3¤¤Å®~33:<;< }<= $'+ j=~3 ¤;<=¤; /¬43:< <N3¡)=3}µ
´~3;7 ?.=~3´}4;7 ´~3¤;<;x¬ }<==~Å4=S3¡<¤¡Ý S=¤
¨
ž:<x ~3 ;xX }x='*-,
=Ï¡¢4 }<=~3¤º6~3f =Ü3¡E }<=<¤¡Ý Ü=¤= 4;x~6 Ü }<==;x=.=?f~ ~3
j4¤ 4;¤;=~3´}¸´}z~6j=~3;¸_==4;x :< =O.¤ }¸~ x=4;3¡~3_4:x
42
; }<=Ïj=;<<;x x~3;<=Ï~6;<X>Ï ¤; }<=Ï;<4;
*
j=;<<¤;<N <~3;x=
¨
;<Å }x==¹ _4;7 Ü~3=Ï;<==<= N<= = ;x=Ï }<=¹~3<¤:<3¡ }<=Ï ~3 ; }x=
~33;<= <=l?E }<==¡¢3= }<=S3S=;µ :< 3¡)~:<3; ~º3=;< /»ª ´~3;7
~3;_=t =~3:<= /.=
¨
|}<=x:<;<z~3;xŤ:<= =º6~3¤:z~6 =Ü }<=<= = 4=¡
*
z¤=;<=E~3;<³ }<=%=4¤:x ¤4;³6¡< }<=%~3 < z~3~6 :x ¨ |}x=%j= G=4:x 4; 4x ´~6;<=
.}<=; < ;<S }<= _4¤;µ 34= }<=t¯º3= }<=¡¢:< ~6 =;<3 }3¡Ü>4>S= = ¨
|}<=:x¤ ¤ <=~½ =¤;<³~6;<=;<=3ÅN4';<<= }x=
8
;<;<=»x= = 4?x~3'»=
~3 }<=»=l= !3¡< }x=»¤;<}<4 44=;<=4:x S~34;<= ¤ z=¤~3=0 ~ =;;7 ~34:<;7 :<¤;<
}<=Ï <=<:<= x4 _4=Ö¤; & =¡¢==;<= à> 5 ¨
$
µ:< x j=Ö.¤ }~ 43=.~3;<z~6 ~S~6µ:<¤ 4;Åv¼ = ¤;<<= _=;x<=;7 t6¡! }x=
;<4S~3z 8 z~6 ~ * ~ ;<<?4 8 $¹# =4<=> 1 > 2
,
~½ 4 <}x=¤:<4;N 43=
<:<¤;<N¤ 4 j=~6 4;¤; }<=Å4=~3¹>¯Ä4Ä3Ä ~6;< 1624242x¨
|}<=³ 8%$Ï# = _=¤S=;7 )~3¤~6 = 5 ¦ 2 ~3_¯º4==~S=º3= ~6 ~S3;<4¤ :<<=
3¡ ¨¶2716¥)$ ~6;<~ ~6 :<<=3¡ 5 x¨Æ1 ¦ ¥.(¨
&z4º4= ~6¤Å;<<=;µ ):<3;<? }<=¹ =~3;Ö=;<=3Å3Ü;Ö }<=¹S4~3= Â
§7¦ 5 G
° Ã ~3;<Ö }<=S~34;x= Â > 141 NG
° à ¤³>¯Ä =±~6 t¤¯ S4 =;7 ~
~3;<=~6´}<=¦ = ~6 Ï>Ï| =o ¨
Q]IB#"CEUC
u {lu»wOy "!#%$,yGsxs s&'!)(*$¼y!u+&,-
|}<=Ï4=4 = ¤~3j~3= x ~3;<=¹6¡ }<=Ï 8%$Ï# x= = 4.~3;< }<= ´}z~6 ¤=;<=3Å
4t; }<= 4~3=³¯º4=<:<<=;X~3=³=º6~3¤:z~6 =:<;<S }<=³¡¢3¯.¤;<S:x~6 4;
<v=<:<=/. 4;7 = # ~3¤Ï=º4=;7 ~3=)3=;<=~6 =4; }<=Ü:x¡~3=):<;<³~¹ <~3~3 = *
=£~6 ¤4;3¡é }x=£=;x¤ }~6;<4=~3;< 4S=;7 :<±<= j=;<<=;x=¹3¡é }<=:x4; _= *
:x~34x ~3;<=X. }X }<=0132465879 à>覻 <43~3
¨
|}<==¤:<~½ =X:<4;x
~3= }x=;X ~3 =¬ }<4:<4}X~;:<9>=@? > ?>' v<=E6¡» }<= 8%$Ï# =;7ºv3;<S=;7
.}<´}¤;<¤:<<=0 }<=) 4~3=3?v~3=%}z~½¡Ý %~6;<S }<=)4;<= =¼ :x :x=%~34:x;<
}<=¹~º4=;.}<´}}<4¼ . }<=¹~3 < <~3~6 :<
¨
&!¤;z~3¤¤Å4?v }<=Ï<= = 3Ü= j4;x=³¤¤
*
<= = 4.¤4;z~3¤~3==4;<¼ :x =Ö. } }<=~3 = <43~3 :<=¡¢3 }<=<~6 ´~
¨
; 3 ~3²> > 2
=4;<¼ :x = 4;7 = # ~3¹=º4=;7 ~3=):x=;N }<¤~3;<~3¤Åv¤ ¨
us $ {lu+&,-
|}<=z~½ ´~~3;z~3Ť¹=¼ ¤ =X Ö=º4=;µ ³.¤ }¬ }<==S _4¤ ¤4; =~3:<=S=;µ
;Ö~6 ¤=~3¼ Ü4;<=¹ ´~3;7 ?_~ ¤;7 ¤~6 4}x¤ )~3;<Ö4v:<;<;x;< 4;x<¤ 4;<.<:x;x
z~6 ´~ * ´~ ¤;< ¨
3 ´~3l3¡>3 1 > 2
=3;< :< =Ö:<4; ~3 ~6== ´~3¤;<= ¨
|}<=Ö}<¤=¤<;<¬3¡ }<= 842 3¡ 4~3=¯º4=<:<<=;O~3<4x 4 3¡t }x=
´}z~33=X~3 * }xè»= z~3 =3 }<= }<~3;ª:<4;< ¨ |}x=;v:xj=3¡0:<4;x < *
<:<=;«=f= 4¤¤4;<7Å«
$'+
N;<=33<¤=3S z~6=« ª }<=z:¾3¡t~6
*
S4 <}<= :<3;< ¨ |}x==¡¢4= ;<Öz~3 43:<;< == ¤4;X¤Ï;<==<= ¨ |}<=Sz~6 ~
=¤= 3;ª¡¢v:x=¹4;ª / 3 < ¨ &!¤ ¤Å3? z<:<~3Eº34:xS=:x ¹~3= x= z;<=X
~3:<=³~S4v<= 3;3¡ }<=¹z~6 ~S7Å }<=¤:<~½ 3;
¨»å
=4;<<Å4?_=¤= 3;
:x '~3=¤S _4=4; }<= ~3 µ:z~6¤ /Ź =;<}z~6;<= }x=S4 =;7 :< ~3;<N~3;<3:<~3
=4: 3; ¨ |}<===¤= 4;¤ =~~3=3.
|}<=³:<4; ~3 _4 ¤4;<é:<¼ !_= =~3:<=³¤;³¹~Å4= ;Ï }<=»j=;<<;x
<~6;<= ¨
|}<= 4S=;7 :< =4¤:x ¤4;f?~3:<~6 =c¡¢4 }<='v:<~3 /ž6¡ }<= ~3
j3¤ 4;ª =~3:<=S=;7 ?!}<4:x®;x3 ³=Ç==¤ ¹;x4S¤;z~3Eº6~3¤:<=NµÅ¬ 4=
}z~6;¦ 2'·¨
¤=~3¼ N¡¢4:< j4¤ 4; =~3:<=S=;µ Â /X;«=~3´}c ´~3;7 Ã }<4:<¤c_=
<==;µ ); }<=Ï;<4; * j=;<<;x x~3;<= ¨
|}<= ° 6¡%~ < Ï3¡' }<= ~3 Ï ~=.¤ }x;~3;ªv ~3;7 Ï:< Ï~6 ¤¡ÝÅ
° ;<x¡
5<¨
|}<=®xj==;<=Xj= /==;¿ }<=¬ /» <}x3 4³:<¤ <¤=S = =~3:<=S=;µ
¡¢4 }<=Ï~6S=;7 ~6 3 <:x=t:x ._=¹_=¤¯ §;< ¨
¡Ý =0 }<==:x ?
1 >
2
z~6 ~¹=º4=;7 %=~3¤; ¡¢3' }<=Ü:<4;S _= :< ~3;<~3¤Åv¤
¨
-! u6(*! w s-$'()u+&,-
|}<=;<3= * ´~3;7 =4:x 4;¤;x¡¢==<= ¤ÅS¡¢4 }<=Ïz~½ ´~7Å4 z~3;<
}<= /»X¤;<<= j=;<<=;7 :xº6~6 :x= =~3:<=S=;µ 3¡):<4;< ~º3=;<ª /»¬v
*
´~3;7 ¨ |}<==<¤ x:x ¤4;<%3¡é }<=:<¼º6~6 :<=Ï<j==;<=Ü~3=t }<=;:<= :<;x=
}<=0<= = 4é¤:<~6 ¤4;f?¡¢4 .}<¤´}¹ }<='=4: 3;¹6¡ }<=G¡¢:< x ¤²<= =S¤;<= ¨
|}<==~6 º4=ÏS3S=;µ :< =3:x 4; ~3Ü~N¡¢:x;< 4;3¡ S4 =;7 :<L~6 . }x=
}<= j= 4 = =?<x= z;<=~6 }<= 4 =;7 :x ~6 .}<´} =~3´}<=.:<;<¤ /Å3?<
2x¨6§| =o¿¡¢40:<3;<» =~6:<=¤;4;<Å4;<=) ´~3;7 ~3;<~3j3:x ¦Ï| =¿¡¢40:<4;x
S=~3:<=; /»v ´~6;µ ¨
u
{lu»w
{ &
t{ & s
|}<==S=;<Ŭ3¡=~3´} :<jx= = 4³¤¹¼ :<x=X7ÅX=Ç <4 ¤;<=x:<;<z~3;x=³¤;
}<= =~3:<=S=;7 <v= ¨ &z4~6j4: ¦ 2'· 3¡ }<= ~3 ?' }<=:<3;~3¤º6~3
=S~3®<=<:<=¡¢3 }<=:<4;¾´}z~3_= ¨ |}<== ~3 ~3=Ö:<=
<= = ;x= }<=S¤;µ ¤~6 4t= =;x=~3³~¡¢:x;< 4;X3¡ =S~6;<® _4 ¤4;ª4;
}<=S~3~Å ¨ S=~3;¬= ¤=;<ÅX6¡Ä7¦ ¨'· ¡¢4:x;< ~6 Ï }<=S¼ ´~3¼ ³6¡%z~6 ~ * ~ ;<
<==~6;x4;7 ;µ:<3:<ų ÏÄ 5<¨
¦ ·
¯~3<G }<==;<N3¡
1324232x¨
|}x=Ü _4x /Ź3¡
=4;<¼ :x ¤;<~:<3;.¤ }x;~;<4¤=v ~3;7 :<=ª ~3; }<=x¤¡Ý
*
~¯Å3=
j=¡¢4~3;x=3¡. }x=¡~6;x ´~3;7 ¨ ;¾~º3=~64=3?»~¡¢~3 ¤4;3¡> 2x¨¦ · 3¡Ü }x=
<¡Ý N=¤N~3=¡¢4:<;< ª}z~º4=Ö~3;«= ¤=;<ů»= }<~3;c§
2'·¨
|}<==Ö=34;<
~3==Çx:<x=;_3 } }<=z~6 ~~3;<
4;7 =
#
~3¤=4;<¼ :< 4;
¨
;<<=% }<==
4;<x¤ ¤4;<' }<=. 43='= ¤=;<Ť»x= = ;<=S¡¢4 =<:<;<z~6;µ » 44='~6=
j=ÏÄ4Ä ¨§7¦ · 4;~¯º3=~34= ¨
©
:<;<<~6 ´~
*
´~
¤;<<?) }<= 3 ~3= j= º4=¬:<;<;x;< ¤S=~34;7 ;µ:<4:<¤Å
S=~3:<=. }ª~> 2 - £¤¤º3= * =Ï4:<;7 =?f.}x´})<~3<¤=.}<=;<=º3= }x=
¤44=Åv = ;<6 )=~3Å ~3= x );<= z~6 ~ ¨- ;Ö~3<x¤ ¤4;f?=~3´}Ö=4;<~3;
=v =;z~3» ¤44=4;z~60~3=;7 }<=
8%$Ï#
44=³¼Å¼ =
¨
|}<=;µ:<³j=
3¡G }<===Çv =;z~3! ¤44=)3; ´~3 _=³4 z~3= S }<=³ 3 ´~6 ;µ:<³j=t3¡':x;<;<;x
=4;<<.4º4=.~3;<3 }<=%= S~6 =)3¡é }<=t=l= ¤º4=:<;<;<¤;< ¤S=~3;<~33==%.¤ }
}<=º6~3:x=t¡¢4 }<=Ϻ4= * ¤S=)4:<;7 =.¤ }<; 2x¨Á271G·¨
$ {lu6& - { & t{
¤;<t }x= j4¤<¤¤ /Å =~6:<=~t:<4;¤;<<= j=;<<=;7 ¤Å¤;³ /»¹x= = 4G z~3¼ ?
}<==¤= 4;X= ¤=;<=~3=S<= =S¤;<=X;X }<=¡¢4¤¯.;x~Å .N }<=x= = 4
%:<jx¤ºv<=;7 /»N}<= <}<==?'~3;<z?<~3;x }<=3;<<¤ 4;<~3j}x= x}<==
=¤= 3; <4z~3<¤ =E~3=³ =~3:<=¡¢4Üz~6 ~~3;< 4;7 = # ~3¤= z~3~6 =¤Å
~3.~¡¢:<;< 4;6¡ }<=:<3;´}<~34=v?< 4 =;7 :< Ö~3;<£=;<¤ }~3;<4¤= ¨ ; }x=
~3<=;<=)3¡f4=~6 = ¤;<= =;x=?µ }<= 3 ´~3z=¤= 4;N=S=;<ÅN¡¢4'~3= x ¤;<
~N ~3 ¤; }<= /»S}<=S¤ <}x==..4¤º3=;7Å }<=Ï <x:<
° ¨ |}<=Ï~6
 °
Ã
 °
Ã!
 > Ã
:x= 4= % }<=t<l==;x=j= /==;z~6 ´~³~3;< 4;7 = # ~3¤ ¨G© = j=;<<;x
4; }<=£=;<¤ }«~3;<4¤=~3;x4=~3;< }x=<~6 ´~
*
´~
¤;<Å4=~3?
º6~3¤=³¡¢4
2¨
§ 5
2x¨Ä 2x¨ ~33=.¡¢~3 4;S3¡f }<04= ¤4;¡~3 4044¤;z~6 =G¡¢4±~¹<=¡¢= ¤;S }x=
|
©Ï#
:<= ³=~33:x » }<=Ü:<4; ´}z~3_=?4¤ºv;x¹=Ü ³~3;§
·
;<= =;<Å
¡¢4% }<=¡¢:<¤l ~3 == 4; ¨
(twyG{ s {lu<w (*!
|}<==~6 4;¹j= /==;N }<=S4 =;7 :< <¼ ¤<:x 4;S=~3:<=¤; 8%$Ï# ~3;< }x=
:<4;:<¼¡~3=Ï j= :<L3¤º4=;Ö7Å
Âg14Ã
-
==
é }<=0º4= 4!3¡ =º3=;7 x.¤ }³ =~3:<=S3S=;µ ~Ü_= /»==;
¨
|}<=)=l= ¤º4=.¤¤º4= * =%G4º4=; 7Å ~3;< <=;<3 =0 }<=.S¤4~½ 3;~½ j?<×äÊä
}<=4;x<¤ 4;z~6% <3z~3<¤¤ /ÅX3¡S=~3:<;<X~ªS4 =;7 :<
4¤º3=;¾~¬:<¡~3=
S4 =;7 :<
¨
¤ }<=<~344;z~60S~6 ¬6¡4=3S= ¤~3»~3= ´~3;<=N~3³~
¡¢:<;< 4;3¡ }<=¹:<¼¡~3=¹ 4S=;7 :<L~6;< }<=x~343;z~3fS~6 3¡!x= = 4
= ¤=;<=~3~¡¢:x;< 4;3¡Ï 4 =;7 :x ~6 }<=<= = 4 * ¤=º4= ¨ |}<=º4= 4
4;7 ´~6;<t }<= :<=:<¼¡~3= j= :< ¤;7 =3~6 =¯º4=~:<¡~6=NS3S=;µ :<
<; ¨ |}<=4S x= =<= = 4S~6 j? ?'¤³=º6~3¤:z~6 =¡¢4 }x=
S=~3:<=<= = 4Ü= ¤=;<=)~6;< }<=Ï<= = 4.¤:<~6 ¤4;~3¡¢4¤¯. .
!
"!$#&%
')(
#&*
+
! ,
Âo87Ã
.}<==-
!
l }<=':<¼¡~3=0~3=~:<=¹;t }x= 4;7 = # ~3¤4=;x=~½ 4? .,ª }<='3
~3;<4¤= 6¡ }x=S£=;< }®x;¬:<;<<=¼ :<xÅ3? »;<:<<= }<= ;7 ¤~½ 4~6;<¬ ¤44=
= ¤=;<=¹~3;x
G }<=N== ¤4;= ¤=;<Å3= 4;<¤:<= ~6j¯º4= ¨ /!$#&%
<=;<6 = }<=t;µ:<_=3¡ == = 4;7 = # ~6³=º4=;7 .¡¢4:<;<. }<¤;~<= = 4 *
=º3=f 4 =;7 :x x; ?.}<¤´}»==t4=;<=~6 =. }<¤; }x=tS3S=;µ :<±<; S~6
}<=N:x¡~3=3?é~3;<0')(
#1*
) }<= 3 ´~3 ;µ:<_=3¡ 4;7 = # ~6=º4=;µ 3=;<=~6 =
.¤ }x; }<¤:<¼¡~3=Ï 4 =;7 :< <;
¨
|}<=S= j= ¤º3=~3= x ´~3;x=6¡% }<¤³~6;z~3¤ÅvϹ~3¤:<~6 =X7Ŭ:xS ;<¯º4=
}<=t4:xS;<03¡f }<=t<= = 3%~½ j?µ.}x´}Åv=<0 }<=)4=3S= ¤~3z¡~3 4'¡¢4»~
:<4;ª_=;x=3 ==; }<=<= = 4¹~3;x¡¢:<z¤¤;<S }<=== ¤4;:x
¨
|}<=
<v<:< 3¡. }<== j= ¤º3=~3= x ~3;<=~3;x }<=¤¤º3= * =N4¤º3= }x= 3 ~30= j *
:<=3?}xè.;¤; & 4:<= 8 ¡¢4 j3¤ ¤º3=Ö~6;<c;<=7~6 ¤º4=Ö:<4;x~3S~¬¡¢:x;< 4;¾3¡
:<¼¡~3=S4 =;7 :<
¨%
~3 <x¤Å<==~3=~6 )¯ =;<=4¤=x:<= }<=³ 4 =;
*
:< :x * ~3:<=¸7Åc }<=S3~3=¯º4=<:x<=; ¨ =¯ 13242 =o? j4¤ ¤º4=
~3;< ;<=7~6 ¤º4= :<3;<³}z~º3=<j==;7 ³~3= x ~3;<=?'_=~6:<= }<=S~33;<= z=¤
j=;<<Ï }<=t ~3
¤;ª4 < _4 =<¤= ¤4;<Ï~3;<¬3= _4;<<¤;<4Å;7 xj==;7
<= = 4=43;< ¨ ~33=³ 4S=;7 ´~ }<=~3= x ´~3;x=N<==~3=Ï. } }<= _= *
¡¢4S~3;<=S3¡» }<=N¡¢:<¤G<= = 4 x ~3;x ~S4=Sx :< ¹=4;<¼ :x ¤4;®~3:<=
µÅ }<=Ï;<=~3¤;<N <v<:< 3;6¡!<=¤ ~~Åv
¨
µÅ ;x £¤;<
°
Â
.
à °
Â1Ã
°
Â5µÃ
.}<==
3;µ ~3;x. }<=Ï ~6 ¤ ¤~3j=4Ü6¡ }<=Ïz~6 ´~ ~3;< }<=Ï<= = 4Ü~6 .
$ °
°
 ¦ Ã
; }<= z¼ = f?x }<=¼ ´~6 ¼ ~3 4;7 = # ~3¤º6~3~3;<=
f~6== % £=<?
:<´}¹ }z~6 $ µ:z~6 4; Â57à j=4 =²¤;<=~3l.¤ }Ï= j= }x=0:<¡~6=' _= :x
~3;<¤ 4: 3;
>
 7Ã
.¤ }¯º6~3~3;<=~½
 Ã
- == <=;<3 = }<=<~344;<~3_»=¤4}7 .~½ S4;7 ´~6;<¤;<³ }x=t ~6 ¤ ¤~3j=4
3¡ }<=Ïz~6 ~S~3;x }<= 4;7 = # ~3<? > °
¨
|}<=¹ ;<¤S¤£~6 4; 3¡
$
µ:z~6 4;
Â57Ã
}<=;= _=~6 =:x;x }<=Ï4¤:x ¤4;
3¡ }<= <=º¤4:<N¤ =~6 ¤4; ¡¢4 }x=~3:<~½ 3; 3¡ }<==4 ¤;
$
µ:z~½ 3;
 ¦ è
|}<) <v=¤.= _=~½ =:<;7 ² }<=S~½³:< =~6 ¤º3=¹xj==;<=¹ }<=¹=:<
3¡é }<= <=ºv3:<¤ =~½ 3;j=¯ > 2
¨
|'Åv <~3ÅS¡¢4:x%¤ =~½ 3;<%~3=t;<==<=
¨
W C JEAH B¹JGUVDIV.AFEJEB³UIJGUAtC
»w !±y$'&²y!u+&,- (*t{ wxuxy&'u+& s
;<= ~3;7 =G3;N }<=.º4= * ¤S=»~3;< }x=. ¤44=!~3;<N;7 ¤~6 4 = =;x='4¤º3=
= ~;<4S~3¤£~½ 3;:<;<=¼ ´~3¤;µ /Å6¡ 2x¨ ·¨
|}<=S:<;<= ~3;7 /Ŭ3¡» }<= <= = 4³~3= x ~3;<=¹~3==¤;¬ }<==S¼ :<<¤=.
&! ? }x=³=:< )4x ´~6;<=Ö¡¢4) ´~½ ¼ ¤~3¤¤Å¤;<<= j=;<<=;7 <~6 ´~ :<<~3 <=?f~6
¡¢4E;x ´~6;<=% }<=%z~6 ~t4¤= =;>Ä4Ä4Ät~3;x 1624242 4!;<l==;µ 'x= = 4G z~3¼ ?
~3=4 z~3=
¨ªå
=4;xf?E }<=:<4;®<:~3;x ´}z~34=~½ ~3=S=~3:<=~3³~
¡¢:<;< 4;6¡ }<=Ï~3£:x }z~3j~3;<4¤= ¨ .~33= 4S=;7 ´~x?4=4S~34;x= ¤)=l= )~6;<
}<=º6~3~6 4;Ö3¡» }<= 4~3=èº3=<:<x=; ~6=;<3 t j4¼ ´~3;7 ?f~3;< }<==¡¢4=N~
~6 tx ¤<:x ¤4;Ü= j= =
¨ & ;z~3¤¤Å3?< }<= ´~6<¤¤ /Å3¡! }<=S=~3:<=z:v~6;<
´}z~33=»~6 ¤.. }¹= _= )~.º6~3~6 4;6¡x }x=0=¤= 4;¹¤ =~é;7º4= 7~6 = ¨
&z3¿ }<== :<<¤=?4~3<< 3;z~37;<4~6£~6 ¤4;:<;<=¼ ´~3¤;µ =E;¹ }<=~3<3:x =
:<4;¬z:®~3= <=¤º3=
¨
|}x==~3;<3= ¡¢4 > ¨ ·
8x¨
·
x= _=;<<¤;<3;X }x=
~3;<
1¨¶8'·
~3== ¤~½ =
¨
&!¤4:<= 5 }xè. ~3;=Çx~3S x=3¡. }<= ~3<¤¤ /Ŭ3¡. }<=S=~3:x=³:<4; z:
.¤ }x; }x= /z~6 ~ * ~ ;<XÅ4=~6¡¢4£=;< }O~3;<3=j= /==; 2 ~6;< 871 <= *
4== ¨ å ¤;<= }x=¬³:<4;O <v<:< 3;O¤ ;<¯.; «´}z~3;x4=.¤ } ~6 S4 <}<=
4;<x¤ ¤4;< à>¯§x?/>¯Äg?7 }x=Ü3<=º4=º6~3~6 ¤4;3¡j }<=.:x4;z: G4 z~3= ¹~3;
~3 * }xè»=.:<~6 ¤4;.¤ } }<= ?9>2 :<>? 162 é <34~3 :<¤;<~½ 4 <}x=¤<=; *
¤ /Å < z=tS=~3:x=ª¤;z~3¤3;Öz¤4}7 ¤4= }x== j=¤S=;µ
1
>
¨³
v
èº3=~3 ~34==S=;µ Ü_= /»==;z~6 ~S~3;x 3;µ = # ~6N¤Ü3<=º4= ¨- è»=º3=?j }x=
¡¢:<4S <~3¤4; ª }<=~½ = ;
1
== ~3;x > 5
S3S=;µ :< <¤;<Åv=¤< ~
° ;<x¡3¡Ü¦
1 38 35<¨
|}x=~3:< x ¤4;X }z~6 ³ }<¹~64=Nº6~3:<= ¹~6:<=µÅX<=
*
= 4Ϥ;<= ¤=;<=¹;x3 ¹~34:<;7 =X¡¢4?²=~3<t ~3;¬~3x<¤ 4;z~6!;<4~6£~6 ¤4;
:<;<= ~3;7 /Å3¡
2¨¶8'·
?x.}<¤´}»=¤j.¤ }<;S }<=Ï~3_¯º4== ¤~½ =:x;<= ´~6;7 ¤=
¨
-!
u6(*! sx{²y$
(*t{
wxuxy&,%u+&
s
© :<=¹ S }<=¼ == <;<=3¡ }<=:<4; _= :<Ö?_=º3=;~3¤f:<;<=¼ ´~3¤;µ =; }x=
~3<3:x =Ü 4 =;7 :x ~3=~3;¤;µ v<:<=)~4;<¤<=~3<¤=Üx~3G¤;N }<=Ü:<4;z:
S=~3:<= =;7
¨
|}<=:<;<= ~3;7 /ÅÖ4;Ö }<= 8 ~33;<= +z=¤¼ =;<3 };7 <:x=~S 4 =; *
:< ~3¤=Ï<~36¡!¤= }z~3; 2x¨Á50· 131 ¨
&z:<¼ }<= 4=6? }<=¹S4 =;7 :<LS=~3:x= =;7 )Ü:< = :<;<= ~3;7 ¤=)3¡
}<=<= = 4~3¤4;< =;7 ¨ Åv =S~6 ¤Ö}<¤¡Ý 3¡) }<=´}z~3_= _4 3;<~Å
;7 <:x=~ 4;x ´~6;µ j= ¨ |}<=³S=~3:<= =;7 t6¡E }<=:<¼º6~6 :<=3? ²?l~6;<
}<=¹~3¤4;< =;7 =~6 = 4 =;7 :x ~3=Ï:<;x=¼ ´~3¤;7 /Å4?
%
3¤º4=;Ö7Å
%
$
 § Ã
~3;<<= _=;x<.4; }<=³:<4;´}z~34= ¨ }<¤;4;<=v ~3;7 ?x }<=Ï~3¤4;< =;7 »% =~ *
:<=7Å~3;4 x ~3²~3¤4;< =;7 Åv = 168 ².¤ }Ö~N <=¤¤4;4= j3;<<;x
2x¨
>Ä| =o 165
¨
|}<= =~6 º4=~63;<S=;7 t3¡0 }<=N:x4;ª´}z~3_=v ~3;7 ?é=
*
=º6~3;7 ¡¢4 }<~3;z~3Å?Ex= = ;<=®¡¢3 }<=z~6 ~¤ =¡.¤ }~ <=¤3;
j= /==; 2x¨Á2 4¦~3;x 2¨>è¦ 1 | =o 1 ¦o?z<= _=;<x;< 4; }<=Ï£=;< }Ö~3;<4¤= ¨
|}<=ª:<;x=¼ ´~3¤;7 /Å<:<= }x=¬ 4~3=èº3=<:<x=;¿~l= }<=ª4;7º4=4; 3¡
}<= =~6:<=z:~6 t }<=³x= = 4t }<=:<¡~3= ¨ |}<=³=:<¤ t3¡G /»:<¼º4=Å
<¤¤;<4~½ xj==;7 ³¤~6 ¤4;<¤4=N Ö 8%$Ï# <¯º¤<=S~3; ~3x4¤:x =N =~3:<= *
S=;µ S3¡t }<=Ö
8 $¹#
~6 = ¯º3=x:<<=;
¨
|}<=¤;xz:<=;<=Ö3¡t 4~3=¤;<}<4
*
4=;<=¤ =~3;<3¡Ü:<¼¡~3=¤;< ~3~6 ¤4;<Ï;<3 ;<:<<=; }<= 8%$Ï# :x~6 4;
= S~6 =7Å :<xÅv;x }<=º3~6~6;<=3¡G }<=³:<4;z:v~3t~S¡¢:<;< 3;3¡G }x=
~3£¤:x }<~3 ~3;<4¤=;<=~60 }<=.S4 =;7 :< }x=}<4¤
¨
|}<¤»¤=~3<G ³~3; :<;<=¼ ´~3¤;µ /Å
:<;<= ~3;7 /Å3¡
2x¨5
=o ; }<=º4=¼ ¤~3²<¤= ¤4;
¨
v ~34== =;7 j= /==; }x=):x4;=;<=3Å * 30~3¤:<~6 ¤4;N:<=}<== à> ?
>.~3;x«6 }<=N~3 < <7~3´}<=' 1 v1 § ¤³¡¢4:<;x ¨ |}<==¤<:z~3<j==;<=N4= *
_4;< «~ 4 =;7 :x ~3=:<;x=¼ ´~3¤;7 /Ÿj=¯ 4¤= }z~3; 2x¨Á8'· ; }x=
º4=¼ ¤~3²<¤= ¤4; ¨
|}<=Ï=~½ ¤º3=S3S=;µ :< ~3¤=:<;<= ~3;7 ¤=¡¢4%º3= ~3Å;xx=;7 .:<4;x
~3=0< <~Å3=¹; &!4:x=0¦
¨
!¤¯®=;<=4= }<=» 4~3=G:<;<= ~3;7 /ÅÏ3;µ ¤<:x =
}<=Ï 4 ?x.}<==~3~3_èº3=N> 242 = }<=¹~3¤4;< =;7 %:x;<= ´~6;7 ¤=.<4 ;z~½ = ¨
u
{lu»w!±y!u<w & (*t{
wxuxy&,%u
|}<=%¤S = 4;7 = # ~3¤ ~6 ¤ ~ j= }<= x=4;3¡< }x=»<= = 3E~½
¨ =¯ 13242 =?j x4S¤;z~6 =. }<=¹ 3 ~3é ´~½ ¼ ¤~3²:<;x=¼ ´~3¤;7 /Ť;Ö }x=³<= *
;<4 ;z~6 4E3¡
$
v:<~6 ¤4;
¢5µÃ
?74;7 <:x ;<¹~3_4:x 2x¨
¦ ·
Ï }<=. 3 ~3<:<;<=¼ ´~3¤;µ /Å
j=Ü£=;< }Ö~3;<4¤=t<¤; ¨
;X4<= =¼ ¤~6 = }<= ;xz:x=;<=3¡% }<=S:x;<= ´~6;7 /Å®6¡% }<=SS3S=;µ :<
=4: 3;4; }<= =~3:<=ª:<4;z:j?² }x=S¤;< £~6 ¤4;3¡
$
µ:z~6 4;
¢5µÃ
= _=~½ =¬.¤ }¬xj==;7 Ï<= = 4Ï~½ ¤=?f¡¢4t.}<¤´}¬ }<=NS3S=;µ :< =4: *
3;®³~3¤ == 7Å À¹§ ·¨ |}<¤³4= _4;<x Ö }<== ¤~½ =®:<;<= ~3;7 /ÅX3¡
¤ 4;7 = # ~3¬ <=< ¤4; ¨
S=Ç j= =f?;<X<j==;<=~6=¡¢4:<;<c~6 S¯
S4 =;7 ~
¨
j¯º4=
13232
=?% }<=3<=º4= =~½ ¤º3=z:´}z~3;<4= ¸»=
<=¤j=7Å
µÂ 2 1 | =o Ã Â Ä Ã
.¤ } 2 248 | =
¨ |}<=»4<=º3=<l==;<=»j= /==; }x=}<¤4} * =;<=3Å:x4;
z: =~3:<=;<l==;µ )<= = 4.=4¤4;<.=~3< S~ 4 =.}z~6 Ü~34=%º6~3:<=
3¡
2 2 | =o
¨
Gu<y$(*t{ wxuxy&,%u
|}<= 6 ´~30:<;<= ~3;7 =3¡ }x=:<4;Xz: ~3;< ´}z~64=~6 ¤~6=4 ´~3¤;<=XµÅ
~3<<¤;<« }<=ª;<x¤ºv<:<~3t3;µ ¤<:x ¤4;<¤; µ:z~6<~6 :<=
¨
|}<=¬<l==;7 Ö4:x=
3¡E }x=¹º3= ~3²:<;<= ~3;7 =)~3=}<¯.;;&!3:<= ~3;< z ÃǨ |}<=:<4;z:
:<;<= ~3;7 /Å <4 ;z~6 =¹7Å }<=:<;x=¼ ´~3¤;7 /Å6¡< }<=»S3~3=0èº3=<:<x=;N~6 !¯
S4 =;7 ~¹~6;<S7Å }<=Ü~3¤4;< =;7 '~3;< =4¤:x ¤4;N:<;<= ~3;7 /Å ~6 '}x4}N 4S=;7 ´~ ¨
|}<= ;<¤~3l:<;<= ~3;7 /ÅÖ 1¨¶8'· ~6 >è¦ 2 =±; }<=¹º4=¼ ¤~3 <= 3; ¨ |}<=
º4=¼ ¤~3»´}z~33=~6 Ö:<;<= ~3;7 /ÅX³_=¤¯ 1G· :< 4S=;7 ´~Ö6¡Ï> 242 =o ¨
_èº3=¹ }< 4 =;7 :xÖ?< ¤=Ü~3 <¤<¤Å .¤ } }<=¹~3¤4;< =;7 :<;x=¼ ´~3¤;7 = ¨
|}<==:<;<= ~3;7 ¤=Ü~3=¹¡¢:<¤¤Å4=~6 =Ö_= /»==;<l==;7 Ü 4S=;7 ´~¡¢4.~
4¤º3=;N£=;<¤ }N~3;<4¤=%<;
¨
'~6 < <S~6 =¤ÅÏ }<=~3 =%<= = 3G z~3 '~3=:<=
~3=0~3¤3=~6 =.¤ }Ï= j= }x=0£=;< }~3;<4¤=
¨
|}<='=¼ ¤~6 =Ï3=~6 4;
v= ¤=;7 )~3=Ϥ =¤;| ~3<¤=> ¨
/
uxs
|}<=:x;<<= ~3;<<¤;<S6¡ }<=Ï<= = 4Ü%º6~3¤z~6 =7Å~3;z~3Åv£;x }<=Ï:<3;<. < *
<:<=~6 Ü $'+ ºv~³ }<=Ï <v=
= =
 > 27Ã
=4x=®x:<¤;< }<= $0+ ~3¤<~½ 3;:<;x~½ ³~ =~3;ª=;7 = * 3¡* ~6Ï=;<=3Å
3¡ Äx> ¨¶1 =o ¨ |}<=== 4;S =~¹;<:<x=) }x== µ:<= =;7 3¡ ~³³:<4;S ~3
3=N }<= 4¤¤3; j3;7 ~3;<X~3;®=º4=;7
*
¤S=N¤;X4;<<=;<=N.¤ }¬ }<=S
$'+
j=~3 4;<Ï ¤S= ¨ |}x=);µ:<_='3¡j== =:x4;<G.¤ }S~ 4 =;7 :< ~3_èº3=
42'· 3¡G }<=_=~3R=;<=3Åt4;7º4= =¬ ~3;ª~3<4: =4= ¤4;=:< ;x
;
>3 545 À 2 2 >  ~6 ¨¶Ã À 2 271 >  Åv ¨àà ;µ
 >4> Ã
.}<´}¸S;=Çx=¤=;7 ~64== =;7 .¤ } }<= $'+ <=4;cS=~3:<= =;7 ~6
}<¯.;; &!¤4:<=+
¨
|}<=+µ:<6 =¼Å¼ =~6 :<;x=¼ ´~3¤;7 /Å;x:x<=%3;<¤ÅS4:x=
.}<´} ~3=ª;<3 Ö==º3~6;µ « }<=ª:<4;O _= :x =~6:<= =;7 ?:<´}¿~3 }x=
:< ;<3¤ /Å ¨ |}x=³ 4S=;7 :< x ¤<:x ¤4;3¡! }<=¹=¤= ==º4=;7 ?l< <~Å4=¤;
&!4:x=ϧx?<}<¯.)3v~34== =;7 Üj= /==; }<=Ïz~6 ~S~6;< }<=Ϥ:<~6 ¤4; ¨
ACED "JEC
|}<=:<4;<:=??)4;7º4=;µ 4;<~3ž³:<¤ <¤=«7Åc }<= }xc j¯»=3¡Ï }x=
S4 =;7 :<Ö? ~6;< }<=¹´}z~33=³~½ 3??_~3=¤ =¡¢4.=~6´}£=;<¤ }~3;x4=Ï<¤;Ö¤;
|!~3x= 1 Ä.. }Ï }<=é ~6 ¤ ~67~3;<Åv =S~6 ¤0:x;<= ´~6;7 ¤= ¨ |}<=0 ´~½ ¼ ¤~3
4=~6 ¤4;=S=;µ ?z?éj= /==;X;<=¤4}µj4;<S4 =;7 :< x;<?é~3<=¤º3=
¡¢4 $ µ:z~6 4;  à ?»~3=~6ª4º4=; ¨© :<= }x=¤ ¤ =®x= = 4N=4: 3;
}<==3=~6 4;x%~3=;x=ºv¤ ~3<= ¨G- ¯»=º3=?< }<=t 4 =;7 :<±<¤;<;<¤;<³¤%´}<4=;
:<´} }z~6 Ü4;x¤Å;x=3}v_4;<<¤;<}z~º4=~N3;<z~3;7 .4=~6 4; ¨
|}<=³~º4=~34= 4 =;7 ´~??z.¤ }<;~S 4S=;7 :<L~3;<4= ° ~3=~3¤:
*
~6 = 1 Ä v7Å < ;<Ü }<=» <}<=;<4 =;<4¤44¤~37:x4;z:v¡¢:x;< 4;¹¡¢4 & =¡¢==;<=
>4> ² N4:<z~½ ´~N~3;<4ºv;<
Â
Ã
>
°
Â
Ã
 >
14Ã
3¡»
8 $¹#
;<4)¡¢4) }<=N~6 4 <}<= x z¤=³ ~º34ª~3x<¤ 4;z~6é }<=3= ~3!:<;
*
=¼ ´~3¤;7 = ¨ ;< =~3f?²»= v:x3 = }<=N~º4=~34= ~6 S4 <}<=³~3¯º4=<:<<=;
~3j¯º3=ª 8 $¹# ?».}<´}~34;7 ;µ:<4:<¤ÅcS=~3:<=. }z~3¤v4;¾<4}7 S¡¢4
3= }x== j=¤S=;µ Ï Ö~6¤ :<x=t3¡»¯º4= 832 1 > ¨ |}<=N z~3~3 = =¤£~ *
3;3¡ & =¡¢==;<=' 842 !t:x= <=¤j= }<=S~3t x z¤= ;G ° ~6~
¡¢:<;< 4;3¡ }<=¹~3 :<<=; L~3_¯º4=¹=~ ¤=º4= .
«Â Ã
 Ã
>3>
¿>4>
 > 87Ã
x ¹ }<=Nº4= * ¤S=³»=¤4}7 =®z~3¤v4;z~½ ´~Ť=¤<
§ 2 3§ > 2 ?
> 84871 ? 8 Ä ¤>v? , 8 2 ~3;< 8 5% > ¨
|}<= =~6:<=ª:<4;<:=¹~6 }x= 8%$Ï# ~3 :<<=³~3=³}<¯.;¬; &!¤4:<=³Ä
¡¢4=~3´}£=;<¤ }~3;<4¤=x; ¨ t;< <=º¤4:<)4;7 ¤;µ:<4:<t£=;< }~6;<4=¹ =~3:<= *
S=;µ Ï=¼ ¤; }<=N~64==;<=3Ū~6;<4=N=x~3 ;<=ª}<==3? 4;<¤ÅÖ }<=º3= ~3!z:
~3;_=4 z~3=S 3 }x=0= j=¤S=;µ ?x~3}<¯.;; & 4:<=Ü>
2
~6;<>4>
¨
;x¤Å
S=~3:<= =;7 x¯ºv<¤;<~3;¸~3<4: =;<3S~3¤£~6 4;! 8 > 8 §t~3= ´~ =;¸;7
~34:<;7 ¨ |}<=Ïz~6 ´~ ~3=¹=Çv ~6 j4~6 = =~N=º4= :x;xN }<=Ï:<4;z: x=x *
3;<E3¡z }<= ?9>2 :<>? 132 x <43~3 ¨ |}x=4 z~33; ¤¯¾=;<=3Å=Ç j= =;7
}<¯.;;&!¤4:<=¹> 2 4¤º3=»~4v ¯º4=~3¤l~33==S=;7 _= /»==; }<0~3;<~3¤Åv¤~6;<
<=º¤4:< =~3:<=S=;7 Ï~3_¯º4=~3_4:x 572 =o ¨
t¯=t 4S=;7 ´~x?l~Åv = *
~6 ¤3 j=Ï<l==;x=¹==S S_=Ï <==;7 ?_.}<¤´}Ö4= j4;x<) 1v¨¦ ~3;<z~3
<=ºv~½ 3;<3¡ }<=ÏÅv¼ =S~6 ÏS3~3=:<;<=¼ ´~3¤;µ /Å= S~6 =~3j¯º3= ¨
;<Å / <=º¤4:<¹= _=¤S=;7 ? j6 }®6¡ }x= 4;X j= 4 = =?! =~
*
:<= ~;<4~6£= j= :< ~6 Ï}<¤4}ª=;<=4¤=
¨
¹}<¯.;®¤;& 4:<=>4>4?² }x=
}z~3 _=³6¡! }x==²S=~3:x= =;7 8 > ~33==Ï.¤ } }<Ü=:< Üèº3=Ü }<=Ï¡¢:<² *
S=;µ :< ~3;<4=6?z<:x )~¯=z:;<3S~3¤£~6 4;S<= =S¤;<=7Å
8%$Ï#¨
|}<=z~6 ~4x ~3;<=³.¤ } }<=
&)å
~3 < z~6~6 :<
871
3;<z~3;7 Åx~64==.¤ }
}<¤Ü=:<¤ ?<j6 };}<~3 j=~3;<;<3S~3¤£~6 4; ¨
|}<=)S=~3:x=´}z~33=~½ 3~6 0 }x=t 8%$Ï# ~3 ¤ :<<=Ü~3=}xè.;¤;& 4:<=> 1
¡¢4=~3´} £=;x¤ } ~3;<3=<¤;O:x O ¾ 4 =;7 ´~3¡¦
242«
=o
¨
;¸ }<=ª3;<¤<==
S4 =;7 :<L~3;x4=3?z }x=´}z~64=~6 N.;x<= _=;<x=;7 t3¡! }<=¹S3S=;µ :< . }<¤;
}<=N= _= =;7 ´~3G:x;<= ´~6;7 ¤= ¨ |}x= =~6;ªº6~3¤:<=; }<=º4=¼ ¤~3Ex= 4;ª
¡¢4:<;<³ _=>
¨¶1
§7¦ÜÀ
2x¨¶23248Â
´~½
¨¶Ã
À
2x¨¶2
>¯Ä
Â
Åv
¨¶Ã
.¤ }~ ° ;xx¡
Ä ¨¦ >4>
¨
|}<¤
Ï;ª4v¬~33==S=;7 . }ª }<= ~º4=~34= 3¡%~3E x=ºv¤4:<¹S=~3:<= =;7 ?»> ¨Æ1 2
À 2x¨¶23248¼ ´~6 ¨Æà À 2x¨Á2 >è¦ Â Åv ¨¶Ã à>4> ¨ .»4 };<3 ¤;<<?v }z~6 }<= <=¤¤4;3¡
}<= z~6 ~6¡~;x4=N 8%$Ï# £=;< }X~3;<4¤=<;ª¤¹4 z~3~6<=³ }<=N4³<;<=
:<;<= ~3;7 /Å3¡!~3lz~6 ´~4¤= =; }<=Ï z~3 ¨
=.} ³~6 ;xè.¤=<3=Ü }<=.4;7 <: 3; 6¡f~3¤x }x=Ü=;<4¤;<==0~3;<N =´}<;<~3;x
.}<X}<~¯º3=Ö <~3 ¤ z~6 =; }<=4;x :< 4;«~3;x }<=~6;7 =;z~3;<=3¡) }<= 8
~3;<
8%$Ï#
= j=¤S=;µ
¨
|}<4=3¡ :<.}< ~3=t;<3 ¡¢4± =_=%¼ ´~6 =% }z~3;
#%$0&Ü( ¡¢4% »}<4 x¤ ´~6¤ /ÅS~3;x}<=¤ ¨ &z:< }<=S4=3?v=t»4:<¤ =) }z~3; }x=
~3 4f44:< ¡¢4 <èºv¤<;< }<=*?9>2 :<>? <43~3 ¨
AtM4AFGAIV.AC
> | ¨ ¨< ~3¤=¹ÊÚ'Ù3ßä?é¤; + v==<¤;<4%3¡l }<= 1 ½ } ¼#%&# Âg13242 > à ?c ¨ > 3578 ?
~6;<Ö=¡¢==;x=. }x==;
¨
1 &Ϩz$ ;<4=%ÊÚ%Ù3ßä? + }7Åv ¨ ²= ¨ XÂg13232427à >4> 8¨
8 ¬¨ - 4;<<~ÊÚ%Ù3ßä? + }µÅv ¨j& =º ¨  >Ä4Ä7¦ û5 Ä4§7¦ ¨
5 ¹ ¨ 4~%~3o? + }7Å ¨l& =º ¨ Â >Ä4Ä 7Ã > 8 > 5<¨
Á¦ $¨ ¨ :<7~3=º®ÊÚÙ3ßä? + }7Åv ¨_& =º ¨  >¯Ä3Ä4§ à ¦ 54242 > ¨
¨
&!¤4=;x ¤;<0ÊÚÙ3ßä?
+
}7Å
¨
é=
¨
Âg13242
> Ã
>
8x¨
| ¨ ¨f ~6=~6;< X¨²- 4;<z~x? ;x; ¨²& =º ¨ 3¡ ( :x ¨l+ ~3¼ ¨éå ¨ ¾Âo13242714Ã
>¯¦ 8 ?'~3;<=¡¢==;<=Ü }<==¤; ¨
§
å
:< j= Ï~3
~3;x<=
#
4~3j3~6 4;f?
¨ & :
:xz~ÊÚ0Ù3ßä?
+
}7Åv
¨<&
=º
¨
²=
¨
 >¯Ä4Ä4§ à >è¦ 71v¨
Ä å )©
( 1S# 4~3_4~6 4;l? ¨ ¨ ¬¨
¤4; ÊÚ%Ù3ßä? + }7Åv ¨ ²= ¨
 >¯Ä4Ä% û5 Äx> ¨
> 2 #%& # 4¤~3_4~½ 3;f? ¬¨ <4¤®ÊÚtÙ3ßä? + }7Åv ¨ ²= ¨  >¯Ä4Ä4§ Ã
5 ¦> ¨
>4> | ¨v- =<_= =%~6;< #¨ | =S~3;<? 4 z~6 ¨v+ }7Åv ¨ Âo13242713Ã > 2 ?²~6;<
=¡¢==;x=Ü }<==; ¨
> 1
³
8N#
4¤~3_4~6 ¤4;f?
¨
<=º6~ÊÚ»Ù3ßä?
(
:<
¨+
;<
¨
~6;<
= }
¨
Â
>¯Ä4Ä 27Ã
8 ¦ ¨
> 8 ³ 8%$Ï# # 3~6j4~6 ¤4;f? ¨ x~6;<tÊÚÙ3ßä? ( :< ¨ ;<¼ ¨ ~3;< = } ¨
Âo13242713Ã%132
Ä ¨
>è¦ ©¨<- = ÊÚÙ3ßä? &z4´}µ:<;<4£=;7 :< Ï~3¤:x}<=  >¯Ä3Ä4§ è
> &Ϩ6 :<;ÊÚ%Ù3ßä? #%$'&Ü( & = _4 )  >¯Ä4§ è
> å_¨ 3 ~3²~3;xÖ ¨ + =4;<=6? ( :<¨+ ;< ¨ ~3;x = } ¨/ Âo13242 > û8 >¯Ä ¨
>¯§ + ¨ -¨6 ~3= ÊÚÙ3ßä? & =º ¨ ¨ + }7Åv ¨  >¯Ä7¦ 14à > 848x¨
>¯Ä å ~34~ ~x? å_¨? ( :xèº3 # ¤ ¨  >¯Ä3§ 7à § 2 Ä ¨
132
&Ϩz$
;<4=%ÊÚ%Ù3ßä?G¤;
+
==<;<3)3¡ }x=
1
½ }
¼#%&# Âo13242
> Ã ? ¨ > 8
§x>
¨
1 > å
=ºv¤=Ï<=
#
¤~6 434=6?
=;<=º6~
¨
141 #¨ 4:7»=ÊÚ%Ù3ßä? ( :<¨+ ;< ¨ ~3;< = } ¨/  >¯Ä4Ä 14à ¦ 2x¨
138 + ¨ © :<; =³ÊÚÙ3ßä? ( :x ¨6 ;x ¨ ~3;< = } ¨  >¯Ä3§4§ à §x> 5<¨
165 ¬¨ & ~3<=3? (4|}<=tx:<3;S~3»=4: 3;3¡² }<= 8 = _= =;7 ~6 % $0+ (<?
+ }
¨Á©¨
}x=¤?
$ | - :x´}l?f>¯Ä4Ä 1v¨
1
¦
¬
;x4=?
=~3:<= =;7 Ï3¡G }<=~6 S3 <}<=¤³:<3; _= :x .¤ } }x=
8 <= = 4 (<? + } ¨Á©¨ }x=¤? - :<_4x ;<¤º3=¤
~6
=¤;f? 1323248 ? ©$0å *
| -)$0å ¼åµ*¼16242356*/242 § ¨
1 ¨ ²4}<S~3;<;±ÊÚÙ3ßä? $ ;<=3ÅO43¡ :<4;<¤; }<= $ ;<=3Å ~3;x4=c> *
> 2424242N =³?²>¯Ä4§7¦? #%$0&Ü( & = j4¼ ܧ7¦ */248x¨
1 ©¨<$.¨_ v4 ÊÚ%Ù3ßä? 4 ¨<© ~6 ´~ ( :<¨z© ~6 ´~| ~3< ¨ Âg13232 > à >¯§ 8x¨
1 § ©¨²# }< ¤;®~6;< ¨é& }<v<=3? :<3; 3;µ = # ~6. ;x= }<¤4} * <=4;
33¡¢4é:<4;¹ <4 z~37~½ 3;t }<4:<4}~6 =? 1324271 ? ©$0å *,+'& Ï#0*¼1624271è*/2 > ¨
1 Ä ¨z©¨ é~ j=¼ /Å~3;<| ¨ &Ϩ Å7~6 ? ( :x ¨6 ;x ¨ = } ¨/  >¯Ä3Ä7¦ à ¦ 5 > ¨
842 ¨ =<=~x? &z4¼ ´}< ¨ + }7Åv ¨  >¯Ä 87à >4> 8x¨
8 > ¨ #¨ 3¡¢=³ÊÚ%Ù3ßä? + }7Åv ¨ ²= ¨ ®Â >Ä%> Ã5µ1 ¦ ¨
871 #¨ ¨ Åv=ÊÚÙ3ßä?09 ¨ + }µÅv ¨  >Ä%4¦ à ¦6§ 5<¨
848 )¨ 9 ¨6 ~6 =S~3; ÊÚ%Ù3ßä? + }7Åv ¨ é= ¨  >¯Ä > à > 535<¨
835 + ¨ 9 ¨ ==;ÊÚÙ3ßä? + }7Å ¨l& =º ¨  >Ä%3Ä Ã >¯¦3Ä4§ ¨
8
¦
¬¨ + ¨ © = +
~6~6=ÊÚ%Ù3ßä?09
¨_
=3 <}
¨ &
=
¨
Â
>¯Ä4Ä 87Ã%8
¦ 2 > ¨
8 # +'& ¼#%$L# 3~6j4~6 ¤4;f? ¬¨ =£¤ ÊÚSÙ3ßä? + }7Åv ¨Ü& =º ¨ Âo13242487Ã
1324248x¨
8
§
$»åxå¾#
4¤~3_4~6 ¤4;f?!|
¨Gå
~3;µ: ÊÚ¹Ù3ßä?
+
}7Åv
¨
²=
¨
Âo13242714ó13835
+ }7Åv ¨ ²= ¨ Âg16242714Ã1 1¨
8 Ä $0+'- # 4¤~3_4~½ 3;f? &Ϩ6 ~6~6 =ÊÚ%Ù3ßä? $ :< ¨ + }7Åv ¨ 9 ¨ Âg16242427à > ¨
572
©$
+'- %#
4~3j3~6 4;f?
+ ¨
<=:ÊÚ%Ù3ßä?
(
:<
¨ +
}7Åv
¨
¬Â
>¯Ä4Ä 5µÃ%8¨
5 > ©$ +'- # 4~3_4~6 4;l? + ¨ <=:ÊÚ»Ù3ßä? $ :< ¨z+ }7Å ¨ 9 ¨ XÂo13242427û8 > ¨
5µ1 ³ 8 # 4¤~3_4~½ 3;f? X¨
~6ÊÚÙ3ßä?
¨z+ }7Åv ¨ ®Â >¯Ä4Ä 5µÃ ¦4¦> ¨
578 ³ 8 # 4¤~3_4~½ 3;f? X¨ ~6ÊÚÙ3ßä? $ :< ¨ + }7Åv ¨ 9 ¨ ®Âg16242427à > ¨
545 + # 4¤~3_4~6 ¤4;f? N¨ <<¤=;<xÊÚ%Ù3ßä? $ :< ¨ + }7Åv ¨ 9 ¨ Âg16242427û5 > ¨
5
¦
©¨+
~3x; ÊÚ%Ù3ßä?
¨<+
}7Åv
¨ Â
>Ä4§4Ä Ã5
Ä
8x¨
5% å_¨ 94~3z~3´}ÊÚ%Ù3ßä? # 3S <: ¨z+ }7Åv ¨l# 4S³:<; ¨  >¯Ä4Ä 5µÃ ¦ 248x¨
5 | ¨_å
4 ~3;<l? # 3S <: ¨z+ }7Åv ¨j# 4 :<; ¨ ®Â >¯Ä4Ä 57à 5<¨
5 §9 ¨ ¨ X¨ '=S~3==;ÊÚ%Ù3ßä? + }7Åv ¨_& =º) Â >Ä%3Ä Ã > 8 ¨