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http://www.feem.it. 3
.
.
266–
267.
& George A. Steiner, John B. Miner, Edmund R. Gray,Management Policy and Strategy – Tests, Readings, and Cases, second edition, (New York: Macmillan
.
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S. Garlatti, Multimédia et systèmes interactifs d'aide à la décision en situation complexe, Laboratoire IASC,Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne, ZI de Kernevent, BP 832, 29285 Brest
Cédex, p. 5. 2
.
.
143–
144.
3.
274.
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197 ChristianMarmuse, Les Aides à la Décision - techniques quantitatives de gestion, 2ème édition, (paris: Nathan, 1992), p. 183. 5
.
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Ibid., p. 184.
-1 2
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Ibid., p. 187. 3-
N. L. Enric, La Recherche Opérationnelle – base de votre gestion, (paris: les éditions d'organisation, 1970), p. 150.
4
-
Gilbert J. B. Probest, et autres, Organisation et Management, 3ème édition, (paris: édition d'organisation, 2000), p. 124.
5.
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6.
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Marmuse, Op. Cit., p. 41.-4 5
.
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Marmuse, Op. Cit., p. 43 -6Ibid., p. 42.
.
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2
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3.
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120.
3- Steiner, miner and Gray, Op. Cit., P. 233. 4
-
Ibid., p. 234. 5-)
:
2005(
.
42.
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.
1.
:
.
.
2Robert N.
Anthony
.
Armen A.
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.
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.
4James March
"
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.
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.
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.
.
100 -101.
2.
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Steiner, Miner, Gray, Op. Cit., P. 235.4
.
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5.
43.
"
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.
.
.
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through
.
.
3.
4.
1
.
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.
seeJ. F. Short Jr.," Garbage Can Model of Behavior", International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral
Sciences, Elsevier Science Ltd, 2001, p. 5883. & Michael D. Cohen, James G. March, and Johan P. Olsen "A
Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 1. (Mar., 1972), p.p. 1-2. 2
-.
106.
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4 1.
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.
109 -111.
3-
Stephen P. Fitzgerald, Decision Making, (London: Oxford, Capstone Publishing, 2002), p. 12.
1
.
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.
)
(
.
2 - Ibid., p. 13 1 2-
Ibid., p.13.
:
1"
.
."
2"
."
.
.
3:
James March
.
.
:
.
"
"
.
.
4–
–
.
–
–
.
by
product
.
5:
.
1 -1978
.
:
Fitzgerald, Op. Cit.,p.13
.
2- Fitzgerald, Op. Cit., p. 13. 3
-
Ibid., p.14 4 - Ibid. 5-Ibid
.
.
.
1Henry Mintzberg
Frances Westley
"
"
"Thinking first"
"
"
"seeing first"
"
"
"doing
first"
.
2"
"
.
"
"
.
.
"
"
3:
1
.
.
.
Source
:
Mark Chun-hsueh Chen, Chu-ching Wang and Shen-yeh Yu, "A Comparative Study on Decision Making Approach in a Dilemma between Taiwanese and Italian Business Managers ", p. 7.www.hicbusiness.org/biz2003proceedings/Mark%20Chun-hsueh.pdf
.
.
.
4 1 - Ibid., p. 15. 2-
Mark Chun-hsueh Chen, Chu-ching Wang and Shen-yeh Yu, "A Comparative Study on Decision Making Approach in a Dilemma between Taiwanese and Italian Business Managers ", p. 7.www.hicbusiness.org/biz2003proceedings/Mark%20Chun-hsueh.pdf 3
.
.
.
.
:
Henry Mintzberg & Kunal Bazu, "Analysis: Framing and Frame Breaking", p. 2.
www.impm.org.
4
.
.
.
.
1.
2:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
3:
1 - Ibid., p.16. 2-
Ibid., p. 16. 3.
.
272–
273.
:
1
.
.
1.
2.
3.
2
.
sunk cost
.
4.
5.
1.
273.
2.
224.
3-–
)
:
2005(
.
.
287–
288.
4-"
–
"
)
:
(
.
121.
www.unpanl.un.org/intradoc/groups/2ublic/documents/ARADO/UNPAN006265.pdf 5.
273.
.
3
.
.
1.
.
2.
4
.
.
.
.
...
.
3.
1.
274.
2.
121.
3-.
.
:
.
.
.
1:
.
.
.
:
21
.
.
2
.
.
3
.
.
4
.
.
5
.
.
1.
274.
2.
.
275–
276.
6
.
.
7
.
.
8
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
1:
2:
.
.
.
3.
1-–
)
:
1988(
.
.
12–
13.
2.
.
213–
217.
3-
Bruno Martinet et Yves Michel Mari, L'intelligence économique – comment donner de la valeur:
.
.
.
1.
:
.
.
2.
:
.
.
.
.
3.
4:
.
1
.
.
213–
215.
2.
215.
3-
Philippe Girard, "Analyse des décisions en conception", L'entreprise industrielle, AG 1, 1999.
4
.
217
.
.
.
1.
:
.
.
.
2.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1-.
2-.
:
.
.
.
1.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1- Ronald Maier, Knowledge Management Systems - Information and Communication Technologies for
:
.
.
:
Robert Reix
"
:
)
(...
."
1.
"
)
(
."
2.
"
."
3Lesca
"
."
4Laudon
"
".
5Laudon
1
-
Robert Reix, Systèmes d'information et management des organisations, 4ème édition, (Paris: Vuibert, 2002), p. 75.2
- Camille Rosenthal-Sabroux, Michel Grundstein, "Un modèle de management de système d'information transposé d'un modèle de knowledge management "2.
www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/FILES/publi819.pdf
3
-
Ibid.
4-
Humbet Lesca, Elizabeth Lesca, Gestion de l'information – qualité de l'information et performance del'entreprise, (Paris: Litec, 1995), p. 11
.
5"
."
1Steven Alter
'
'
2"
:
."
3Alter
.
"
".
4..."
."
5.
.
"
)
(
1
-)
:
2004(
.
11.
2-"
"
Alter Reix, Op. Cit., p. 78.
3
-
Reix, Op. Cit., p. 78.4
-
D.J. Power, "A Brief History of Decision Support Systems", DSSResources.COM, World Wide Web, version 2.8, May 31, 2003. http://DSSResources.COM/history/dsshistory.html 5-–
_
_
)
:
.
.
.(
.
185.
."
1.
.
2.
3.
:
.
.
4.
5:
Reix
"
"
"
"
"
)
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
.("
6.
1.
.
186–
187.
2-
Introduction to Management Information Systems3
-
Josef Basl, "Application of IS/IT, process and constraint management in optimization of business processes",Applied Computer Science and Production management, Vol. 1, No 1, 2005, p. p. 93 – 114.(p. p. 93 – 94).
4
-
B. Pradeep Kumar, et al., Op., Cit.5
-
Josef Basl, Op., Cit., p. 94.6
:
"
"
"
"
.
.
.
.
(The UK Academy of Information Systems –
UKAIS)
"
."
1.
.
Dell
.
2"
"
applications"
"
.
:
31
.
.
2
.
.
1 -
John Ward and Joe Peppard, Strategic Planning for Information Systems, Third Edition, (England; Chichester, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2002), p. 3.2-
Ibid. 3ERP
.
.
)
(
)
.(
.
.
1:
Scott
Morton & A. Gorry
"
."
2:
"
.
/
".
3.
"
1
-
Ibid., p. 5.
2-
Pascal Vidal et al., Systèmes d'information Organisationnels, (Paris: Pearson Education, 2005), p. 175.3
-
Ibid.."
1)
(
.
:
.
:
(Transaction Processing
Systems - TPS)
(Management Information Systems – MIS)
.
1980
(Decision Support Systems – DSS)
)
DSS
.(
2:
31
.
2
.
3
.
TPS
.
:
"
"
"
"
(goal-seeking)
.
.
1
-
Ibid., p. 182.Sean B. Eom, , "Decision Support Systems," International Encyclopedia of Business and Management, 2nd Edition, ( London: Edited by Malcolm Warner, International Thomson Business Publishing Co., 2001)
-2 3
.
optimal solutions
.
.
.
1.
:
2)
(...
.
-.
-.
-.
"feedback"
.
.
.
.
:
3
.
1-Ibid. 2 - Ibid. 3
-
Slawomir Klos, "The Method of Effective Reengineering of Business Processes in Projectdriven Enterprise -Reengineering, business processes", Applied Computer Science and Production Management, vol. 1, no. 1, 2005, p. 7 ..
.
.
1:
2
.management support system (MSS)
.
3.
.
:
:
Accounting Information System
:
.
1
-)
:
2004(
.
27.
2
.
50.
3
-27.
.
1.
.
2(EDP) Electronic Data Processing
Data Processing (DP)
Transation Processing System
(TPS)
3.
4
.
1
.
1.
.
491 -492.
2
.
35.
3
.
84.
4
.
)
:
2003.(
.
50.
2
:
:
)
:
2006
.(
.
493
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
1.
2.
2
:
)
:
2002
(
.
50
.
:
31
.
)
batch
(
)
(...
2
.
)
(
Online
.
1
.
496.
2
)
:
2002(
.
49.
3-)
:
.
.
.(
.
191.
/
/
.
.
1.
2.
:
Management Information Systems (MIS)
.
3.
.
4.
5.
.
61
-.
51 . 2 . 518 . 3- I. A. Ajayi & Fadekemi F. Omirin, "The Use of Management Information Systems (MIS) in Decision Making in South- West Nigerian Universities", Educational Research and Review, Vol. 2, May 2007, p. 7.
4 . 194 . 5
.
51.
6.
528.
.
1.
.
2.
.
.
.
.
.
:
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
.
1971
MIT
G. Antony Gorry
Micheal Scott
Morton
3"
"
4 1.
53.
2.
196.
3.
566.
4 - Vidal et al, p. 175..
1)
(
)
.(
2.
:
3
.
.
4)
(.
"
."
:
5-.
-.
-.
-.
-.
-.
.
1.
137.
2.
21.
3.
50.
4.
49.
5.
138.
Alter
(EDP)
:
3
DSS
EDP
)
(
:
:
–
)
:
2000
(
.
138
.
DSS
:
1-.
-.
-.
.
:
21
.
:
2
.
:
1.
.
138–
139.
2.
139.
3
.
:
.
DSS
.
:
1:
Bonczek et al
.
Keen & Scott-Morton
Sprague & Carlson
-.
.
.
.
2(DBMS)
.
(MBMS)
.
.
3:
DSS
DSS
1
-
Eom, Op. Cit., 2- Ibid
.
3.
.
1:
21
.
.
DSS
.
2
.
/
.
.
3
.
.
:
DSS
:
31
.
:
DSS
.
EDP
MIS
.
2
.
.
3
.
.
4
.
.
1.
56.
2- Eom, Op. Cit
.
3
.
.
141–
142.
5
.
:
.
6
.
.
7
.
DSS
.
.
.
8
.
.
9
.
.
DSS
)
(
)
.(
10
.
:
.
.
DSS
.
11
.
DSS
.
12
.
:
DSS
.
13
.
:
.
.
14
.
.
.
"
"
.
:
DSS
)
MIT
(
:
1-)
.(
-.
.
.
:
.
.
2
:
3-.
1.
.
570–
571.
2.
165.
3-.
-.
-.
-.
:
1-.
-.
-.
:
2)
.(
.
-.
-...
.
.
.
...
.
1.
579.
2.
.
582 -583.
1975
:
11
.
:
...
2
.
:
...
3
.
:
.
4
.
:
)
(
.
.
.
:
Expert Systems (ES)
.
2.
.
3:
4-.
1- Reix, Op. Cit., p. 208. 2
-
Ibid. 3.
170.
4:
.
:
.
.
:
1-.
.
-.
-.
.
.
.
2.
.
1
-
Ibid. 2-
Ibid., p. 217..
1.
2.
:
.
.
.
.
3.
41
-.
5.
6.
7.
.
1.
175.
2-
Reix, Op. Cit., p. 217.3
.
874.
4.
.
875–
876.
5-Z Solutions, " A Manager’s Guide to Neural Networks", Z Solutions Inc, 2004, p. 1.
www.zsolutions.com/pdfs/amanager.pdf 6
.
169.
7.
:
.
.
.
nucleus
dendrites
.
axon
synapse
.
1)
(
.
.
2.
3.
(model free
estimators)
.
.
4 1.
877.
2.
878.
3.
879.
4.
169.
2
.
.
1.
.
.
2.
3:
3:
–
:
)
:
2000(
.
880.
:
1.
174.
2.
879.
3- Z Solutions, Op. Cit., p. 2. W1 X1 W2 X2 W3 X3 X4 W4
1
.
(x
i)
:
.
1.
22
.
(w
ix
i)
:
.
(w
i)
.
3xi
wi
n
:
Y=
x
iw
i:
Y
i= x
iwji
.
.
4:
5Yt = __1__
1+e
-y3
.
:
.
6.
7.
81
.
881.
2.
174.
3.
882.
4.
175.
5.
883.
6.
174.
7.
902.
8.
178.
.
1.
2.
3.
3:
Fuzzy logic systems
.
.
4.
0
1
.
.
5Lofti Zadeh
1964
.
6/
/
/
....
7.
8:
:
9 1.
.
904–
905.
2- Z Solutions, Op. Cit., p. 2. 3
-
Reix, Op. Cit., p. 222.4
-
Yarob Adnan Istitieh, " Employing Fuzzy Logic for Enhancing Administration SystemPerformance", IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.7 No.11, November 2007, p. 212.
5
- Martin Helmann, "Fuzzy Logic Introduction", Laboratoire Antennes Radar Telecom, F.R.E CNRS 2272, Equipe Radar Polarimetrie, Université de Rennes 1, Cedex, France, 2001. P. 1.
www.epsilon.nought.de/tutorials/fuzzy/fuzzy.pdf 6
.
179.
7- Helmann, Op. Cit., p. 1. 8
- Istitieh, Op. Cit., p. 212.
9
