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Publicité limitée de l'information et sur-réaction aux annonces lors des épisodes spéculatifs

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(1)Publicité limitée de l’information et sur-réaction aux annonces lors des épisodes spéculatifs Camille Cornand, Frank Heinemann. To cite this version: Camille Cornand, Frank Heinemann. Publicité limitée de l’information et sur-réaction aux annonces lors des épisodes spéculatifs. Revue Economique, Presses de Sciences Po, 2006, 57 (3), pp.399-405. �halshs-00137477�. HAL Id: halshs-00137477 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00137477 Submitted on 20 Mar 2007. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

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(31) t=A@At8“qAC Š. 'g

(32) "΢Ï

(33) 

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(37)   (  θ ) ≡ −( −  )(  − θ ) −  (  − ) =. θ. . ;*f C&8x‘xw{C4DC

(38) o=A@ABA46 ;@*C48 BA;º8o‘xwt=?@1=a67:;„;DC dqM@A;‚t=?@Mf C4z@ C; C;H8’89;p*qr;ºl.   ≡ (  −   ) ™ 

(39)  . ≡. ≤. . ≤. ;{C.    Š  . 4 o=A@AtDC7L=A@

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(48).

(49) . Š.   = γ   + ( − γ ).

(50). _ ;uM=a7~Baf=?uJCo7L6 48 γ BAwHuM;N@1BBA;.8o‘94N@ Ce7~tN7LuM4DC7L=A@BF‘~qr@"4zM;z@*Cgp*qr4z@ Cg4Dq¥t=?60uM=?> C;H6;@*CgBA;*f 4DqACo>G; f G =Jqr;DqM>(f¾Š ® 4H@]fŸ894)6; f qM>G;=Œ8946 ;7:8989;DqM>G;>GwHuM=?@MfG;BA;¢C=1q¿C£4zM;H@*C£; f CYqM@A7~p*qF;™r•8o‘xwp*qr7:8:7œv1>G; ™ Co=JqFf‹8L; f =1qr;DqM> fŒtiA=A7˜fG7xf{f;N@ C 8L;»6 6 ; 㠊 _ ‘x;*foCe7L6 4zCo7L=A@ƒt=A@ABA7“C7L=a@A@1;N8989;ŽBA;8 ‘ü4tDC7L=?@ 6=?ÀM;@A@M; uM4z>G67JC=1qFf\8L;*f£4zM;@ CGf£;*f C\B¿=?@¿@Aw ;žuM4z>  ( ) = [γ  (  ) + (

(51) − γ ) ( )] + (

(52) − ) ( . . )Š. — =JqA>¡C˜=1q¿CU4zM;z@ C ]p*qM7A>G;=a7“CU8L;Jf£BA;DqAˆ”fG7’M@A4{qaˆ ª   (.  . )= . . . ( − γ ). . +( γ + −. . )β.   + α. α +β. . . eÇ.     ™M;*fxC%B¿=?@¿@Aw;žuM4H> ¶ 7L@]fG7:™M8 ‘94tDC7L=A@=Au*Co7L6 4N89;<BA;<8o‘:4zr;@*C 9™?u1=1q1>  ∈  . %. $ [β ( − " ( − γ ))] + # [α + β " ( − γ )]  & ! ! & =.  É. α +β. ­ @t=A6)uM4z>G4@*CU89;*f£t=a;o 79t79;N@ CGf£;DC\;z@)>w*fG=A8œyM4@*CUuA=JqM> γ ™A@A=JqFfU=JvJC;z@1=?@Mf¯8o‘9wp*qr7:8:7œvM>G;<B*q G ;Dqr™ +. β ( − '*( ) + γ = α + β ( − ')(. ,. ). Š. . ¶ 8 ‘9wp*qr7:897~vM>;¢8L;Jf£4HM;N@ CGf£p*qM7A>G;=a7œyM;@*CU8o‘:7L@Ao=?>G6 4DC7L=A@/uJqAvM8L79p*qr;<tiA=a79fG7˜f{f;@*C. 1 2 =0 2. 3. β ( − -). ) α 3 -*. + / 3 α +β( − ) α + β ( − -*.. ). Š. l. .

(53) 35;t7a796ua897:p*qr; . . . α ( −  ) + β ( −   =θ α + β ( −  ). )+. . α . α + β( −. . ). A Š. ¶ ’7 @]fG79™

(54) 8o‘x4tDCo7~=?@-6=?ÀM;@A@M;  ;*foC BA7:f C=A>GB*qr; !uM4H>·>G4HuAuM=J>˜C»• θ ;z@-BA7œ>G; tDCo7L=A@-BA;£Š ¸ =JqFf t=A66;@ C=?@Mf¯6`4N7L@ C;N@14@*C\p*qr48’7€C4DCo7œyr;N6 ;@*CU8L;<BA;HA>Gw<BA;f qM>G†o>Gw4tDCo7~=?@4{qfG7ٍa@14N8MuJqMvM8’79tJŠ.

(55)    "!$#&%(')+*. _ ‘9wp*q¤4DCo7L=A@ A ¯6=A@*Co>;<p*qU‘:•8o‘xwp*q]7L8:7œvM>G;<89;JfŸ4tDCe7~=?@MfŸBAwzyM79;@*CUuM4z>%>G4HuAuM=?>xC\• ŒuM8“qFf,&;*foCYuA>wtz7xf .-0/213/ £;DCFuA8“qFf£894žuA>G=JvM4DvM798:7“Cw54 ;*foC\wN8~;y?w ;JŠ α →∞. θ. ;z@ BA7œ> ;tDC7L=?@`Ba;. † _ A= >(fGp*qr; α → lA™ 7 → 6 =Jq β → ∞ ™£4z8L=A>(f 8 = θ ª 8L=A>(fGp*qr;8o‘:7L@Mo=?>G64{Ce7L=A@

(56) uAqAvM8:79p*qr;‹;*foC ;{ˆJCo>G6;6 ;@*C‡7L6uA>Gwt7xf ;=Jq o=1qM>@A7L; • uA>G;*fGp*q¤; 4Dqrt{q]@ 4zM;@*C™ =1q ;z@At=A>G; 8L=A>(fGp*qr; 8o‘:7L@Mo=?>G6 4DC7L=A@uA>G7œyMw ;

(57) ;*foC0;ˆ¿Co>Gz6;6 ;@*CuA>GwtN7xf;™54N8ü=?> f)8o‘:7L@Ao=?>G6 4DC7L=A@uJqMvM8:79p*qr;uM;z>GBƒfG=A@ > ?8L;<t=A=?>GB¿=?@¿@A4@*C\;DC¡;*f CF7ٍa@1=?>Gw;JŠ † _ A= >(fGp*qr; α → ∞ =Jq β → 9 ™%4z8~=?>(f < = θ (= − ; ) + :; ª 8L=A>(fGp*qr;8x‘97’@Mo=A>š6`4DCe7~=?@ŒuJqavM897xp*qr; ; f C\;DˆJCo>z6;6 ;N@ CUuA>Gwt7xfG;<=Jq/vM79;@8o‘:7L@ao=A>G64DC7L=?@0uA>š7œyrw;<;{ˆJCo>G6;6 ;@*C%7L6uA>Gwt7xfG;™at;{qaˆ pJqF7 >; =A7~y?;@*C 8x‘:7L@ao=A>G6 4DCo7L=A@¼uJqMvM8:79p*qr; yM=A@*C 7œa@1=?>;z>·89;DqM>„7L@Ao=A>š6 4DC7L=A@¼uA>G7œyMw;‰;DC tziA=M7˜fG7L> Š _ ;*fs4DqACo>;*f5uM;DqMyM;@*CsfG;Dqr89;6;@ C¯qACo7L8:7xf;z>ž89;DqM>(ffG7La@14zqAˆŒuA>š7œyrw*fgp*qr7¯fG=A@*C›BA7˜foCo>e7œvJqrwJf ?A@ => 4{qACo=JqM>5BA; θ Š ® b f58L=?> fG™Ft;DqAˆ.p*q]7F@A;uM=¤f fGbBM;@*C£uM4*f58x‘97:@Ao=A>š6`4DCe7~=?@ uJqavM897:p*qr;y?=?@ CtziA=a79fG7’>™ ;H@/6`=?ÀM;@A@A;™a8x‘x4t{Ce7L=A@ θ Š. « 8AÀ 4`foqM>G† >Gw4tDCo7L=A@)uM4z>%>G4HuAuM=?> C\4Dq”tH=?@ C;z@*q”7L@Ao=?>G6 4DC7:=A@J@1;8]B*q&fG7’M@A48CBfoqM>¯89;<o=a@ABA46 ;@*C48 θ Š ­ @d;No;DC™ž89;uM=M7LBaf‹4{CxCx>e7œvJqrw"4DqfG7LM@A48žuJqMvM8:79tBA4@Mf‹8o‘:4@*C7Lt7LuM4DC7L=?@dBM;–8o‘xw{C4DC)o=A@ABA46 ;@*C48 θ ;*f C. Ç.

(58) BA=A@J@Aw‡uM4z>ƒ894 uA>wt7˜f 7L=a@+>G;894DC7œyM;‡BA; t;!fG7LM@A48 ª. α α+β. ™&4DqACo>G;z6;@ CdBA7“C™uM4z>„fG=A@ t=A@*C;z@Jq. 7L@ao=A>G64DC7L=A@A@A;8Žf qM>„8o‘xwDC4DCdo=A@ABA46;@*C48xŠŒ35;zur;@ABA4@*C™

(59) 8L; uM=M7LB¤f}4DC:Co>7~v¿qrw 4Dq fG7La@14N8&uJqavM897:t+• 8o‘xwp*qr7L8:7œvM>G;; f C`BA=?@A@1wuM4H> ª . . −γ =. α  α + β ( − . ). ™žt;p*qr7<;Jf CCo=Jq G=JqM>(f‹f qMuMwH>š7~;DqM>‹4Dq}t=A@*C;z@Jq. 7L@ao=A>G64DC7L=A@A@A;8UB*qfG7’M@A48oŠ ¶ 7L@]f 7L™¡89;*f›4zr;N@ CGf54DC9Cx>e7œv¿qF;z@ C%qM@uM=A7LB]fŸuM8~qFfA>G4@AB‹4DqfG7LM@A48]uJqMvM8:79t)t 4z> 7:8¤t=?@ Ce7~;N@ C e;@uM8~qFf›BA;8o‘x7’@Mo=A>š6`4DCe7~=?@ o=a@ABA46 ;@*C489; BA;8o‘:7L@Mo=?>G6 4DCo7L=A@foqM>Ÿ89;1f›tz>G=JÀ14N@Mt;*f5B]‘9=?>BJ>G; f qMuMwH>š7~;DqM>G™žtA‘9;*f C`•BA7œ>G;Žf qM> t ;p*qr;tiA4p*qr;"4zM;@*CuM;H@]fG;p*qr;tiA4p*qF;4zM;@*C0uM;@af ; qFfp*q%‘9•qr@ @A7œyr;4Dq7L@Me7L@a7\BA;feuMw tDqr8:4H>š7€Cw”foqM>ž89;*fso=a@ABA46 ;@*C4DqAˆBA;/8o‘9wt=A@A=a679;JŠr3n;)uM=a7~Baf<;*foC5tH>G=?79f{fG4@*C›4DyM; t 89;<BA;zA>Gw<BA;žuA>GwtN7xfG7L=M@ α B*q&fG7œa@M48AuJqMvM8:79t™a89;žuM=A7LB]f g4DC:Co>e7œv¿qrw<•¢8o‘9wN89w6 ;@*C\BA;<t=A=A>GBJ7L@A4DC7L=A@BA4@af£8x4 o=a@1tDCe7~=?@B]‘œqAC7’8L7“Cw<BA;*f£4HM;N@ CGf£;DCU8L;<BA;zA>w ƒBA;žuJqAvM8979tN7€Cw<BA;¢8o‘:7L@Mo=?>G64DC7L=A@)uJqMvM8:7Lp*q¤;JŠ ­ @;oe;{C™?uA8“qUf 89;

(60) @A=a6)vA>;

(61) B¡‘94zM;@*CGf`p*q]75>G; =a7œyM;@*C08L;fG7La@148nuJqMvM8:7üt

(62) ;*foC)7L6uM=?>xC4z@ C™›uA8€qYf`t;8~qr79†et7<f ;z> C0BA;uM=A7L@*C o=Mt48xŠ ¬ =1q¿C;zo=a7xfG™Y8~;/BA;HA>GwBA;”foqM>G† >Gw4t¾Co7~=?@Œ;Jf C6=a7L@MBJ>G;p*qr;BA4z@Mfž8L;6=MBAbN89;f C4H@ABA4z>GBŒBA;cd=A>e>e7xf ;DC£hAiA7L@BA4@af£89;p*qr;8]89;<BA;zA>Gw<BA;žuJqAvM8L79t7“Cw<B*qŒfG7La@14N8MuJqAvM8:79t  ;*foC]Co=J q G=JqM>(f£wzM48M• Š _ ;

(63) 6=MBAb8:;&BA;.cd=A>e>e7:f`;DC hAiA7L@>G;zuA>w*f ;@*C;.qM@¥t4*fuM4z> Co7~tDq]8979;z>BA;@1=1Co>G;&t4BJ>G;ŒB]‘:4H@M4N8œÀrf{; BA4z@]fs89;p*qr; 8  # Š ® 4N@]fsBA;C;8L89;1fst7L>Gt=A@afoC4z@Mt;*f™¤C=JqFfž8~;*f<4HM;N@ CGf5>G; =A7œyM;@*C£qM@fG7’M@A48UuJqavM897:t ;DC qM@fG7LM@A48]uA>G7œyMw)BA;e4 =?@ t ;z> C4z7L@1 ; B;*f C2BA=?@1tBA;t=A@A@A47xf{fG4@At ;t=a66)q]@1;¢uM4z>G6 7¡8o‘x;@MfG;6)v]89;Ba;Jf 4zM;z@ CGf {Š ® 4z@af£t;<t4*fG™M8 ‘9wp*qr7:897~v1> ;nqM@A7:p*qr;<; f C\BA=?@¿@AwžuM4z> . . α

(64) + β ( − )  =  α + β( − ). Š. k. . ³ A@ ;/o=M7˜fg;@At=A>G;™F8L;)uM=a7LB]fs4DCxCx>7~v¿qFw•8 ‘97’@Mo=A>š6 4DC7L=A@uJqAvM8979p*qr;/BA4@]f k  et4*fsBA;cd=A>e>G7:fs;DCgh?iA7L@  ;Dˆ?t*bBA; t8:47L>G;6 ;@*C 8L;+t=?@ C;z@*q 7L@Ao=?>G6 4DC7L=A@A@A;8"B1q fG7LM@A48Žf qM>„89;$o=M@ABA46 ;N@ C48 θ ep*qr7;Jf C™ >G4zuAuM;8L=A@af†e8:;BA; α  α + β  {Šr35;z8L4`Cw6=A7œM@M;BA;/8o‘:7:6ur4tDC›B?79feuM>G=?u1=J>˜Co7~=?@A@1w/B*q¥fG7’M@A48UuJqavM897:t‹f qM> 894)t=M=?>BJ7’@14DC7L=?@”BA;*f54tDCe7~=?@]f›BA;*f54zM;@ CGf{ŠJcd47xfžfoqM> C=*qACo™]7L8U;ˆ?tbBM;)8:;uM=?7LB]f. α. α + β ( −. . ). 8L=A>(fGp*qr;. ewp*qr4DCo7L=A@ l  {Š ¶ 7L@]fG7L™]4zyr;tžq]@ BA;zA>Gw8’7967“CwBM;¢uJqAvM897:t7“Cws™]894`foqM>G† >Gw4tDCo7L=A@BA;Jf4zM;@*CGf4DqMˆ 4z@A@1=?@1t*; fŒ;*f C 6=M7’@]fŒo=A> C;p*qr;ŽBA4H@afŒ8L;JfŒ6=aBAb8L;JfCoi1w=A>e7Lp*qr;Jf

(65) fG;–vr4 fG4@*CŒf qM>ŒBA;8o‘:7L@Ao=A>G64{Ce7L=A@ uJqAvM8:79p*qr;žuJqM>G;™at;<p*qM7]f;6`vr89;žua8œqFf£;@8L7La@1;<4y?;t<8:; f¯>w*f qr8“C4DCGf£;{ˆAuMwz>G7L6 ;N@ C4DqAˆFŠ. . É.

(66)  

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(68) 89;

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(70) B¡‘94DqACo>G;ŒuM4z>˜C Š _ ;

(71) BA;zA>Gw

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(73) uA>G7œyMw;‹;DCs894uJqM>G; 7L@ao=A>G64DC7L=A@uJqMvM8:79p*qr;JŠ ¸ =1qFfg4zyM=A@]f<BAwe7L@M7¯8o‘x7L@Ao=?>G6”4DCo7L=A@uJqMvM8:79p*qr;‹t=a66 ;`qr@fG7LM@A48%>G; Dq¥4zyM; t qM@A;<t ;z>oC4z7L@A;žuA>G=JvM4zvM7:897“CwžuM4z>£89;*f4zM;@*CGf£wt=?@1=?679p*qr;Jf%Mw@Awz>G4@ C%BA; f s†etz>G=JÀ14@At;Jf£t=M6/6)qr@A;*f2BA4N@Ff qM@Œt=A@*C;Dˆ¿C;= &8L;*fs4zM;@ CGfžo=A>G647:;@ CŸuM4z>s4z7L898:;{qM>(fŸq]@1;=?uM7L@A7L=a@‹uA>G7œyMw;‹f qM>ž8o‘9wDC4DC£o=A@ABA46 ;@*C48UBa; 8o‘xwt=A@A=M6/79;JŠ _ 4)uJqMvM8:79t7“Cw/897:6 7“Cw;BA;8o‘˜7L@Ao=A>G64{Ce7L=A@&;*f C£qM@A;@1=*Co7L=?@&p*qr7YuM;z>G6 ;DC›BA;/679;DqMˆŒ>G;@ABJ> ; t=A6)uJC;<BA;<8 ‘9wzyM79BA;N@1t;<;6ua7L>G79p*qr;¢7xf{f qr;<BA; f£;zˆAuMwz>G79;@Mt;*f£BA;<894v?=?>4DCo=A7œ>G;JŠ ® ;*fYC;*foCGf£;DˆAuMwH>š7L6 ;@*C4DqMˆ fG=A@*CU@1wt;*f fG47L>G;Jf£4 7L@BM;<BAwDC;z>e67L@M;z>£8L4 yA>G479;žyM489;Dq]> `B*q‹BA;HA>Gw<BA;nuJqAvM8L79t7“CwJŠ.   !#"$%'&)(+*+*,.-0/2143.5687:9;=<?>=@BA6 !>=>C<D7:EGFH<DIKJ4LCINMPO.Q0R<?>=@SO.I<D;3.>=QT97:>S9+Q06NU!#I4VXW.5K6?QP@YRZ6:I.>C<D;3.>Y9+J[\ ]_^?`ba)^8cdTe fhgKi ^?j gKk.i aYd gKkNl.mn d g d.o#a n8p /rq5+<8QT<8sY>=Q06D% !#"t%B/uVvLw#VXxy!#{z|%}&)(+*N*+~+-T/1H5+>C@SR<D;"68€.QP6?6OrM‚29+ƒ;Y@Y7„LTINMPO.Q0RZ<:>C@YOI "@CFhF068RZ@)I+<?>=@YO.I\K/† m‡ a e.d ˆ d.jh‰ba gŠZ‹khŒ ^8j8/Ž8N,+./NJ+?7868RƒQ06.% uVvLw#VXxy!#‘zX%B/!’“VX”y#%B/2|•VX#z–VX”3Z‚|%Ž&S(N*+*N~+-P/–1#—'˜6—'˜68O.QC[4O.M’;=ODƒ<;X’<DRZ6FHO.I4—X6F™>šUrVvWr5K6:Q0@SR68I.>C<8; !#IN<;B[F0@CF|O.MXO+O.Q0JN@SI+<?>C@YOI ’H<DRZ6Fœ›}@)>Y˜‚–9bƒ;Y@Y7_<8INJ ‚GQT@BA<8>C6LCINMPO.Q0RZ<:>C@YODIZ\+/ mn d g d.o#^ i ja nk /.žN(+/D5Ž%28,NŸ.+ :8,+¡N¡N% •#¢#£”'V"Z%B/.¤¥VvLw¦3+§|•#V|¨’ %K&)(+*N*+~+-0/.1 ”X@)RZ@B>C68J©"6:5+>C˜ODMŽ68<bFšO.I@=IN€<8IJ©zŽ<@);)9+Q06O.Mª“<bFš78<JN6zO.Q0RZ<8>Y@YO.I«@)I >=˜6 ”X<:ƒ2O.Q0<?>COQC[\/8]^?`aY^?c¬dwe mn d g d.oa n‡iY­+® aY^ p /NžŽ?/D5Ž%D~+(+,N C~N~+(% xyL¯3 32%B/3Nu#LC°u%S32%&)(+*+*N(+-0/|1Z3+O.78@Y<D;±#<D;B9K64O.M‚29+ƒ;Y@Y7LPINMPO.Q0R<?>=@YO.Iy\+/N²#o^?ja nkrg³mn d g droa n ]^:`ba)^8c/¡.(K/œ5% ?,.(+( ?,+r~% !’HVX”#%&™?¡+¡+,r-P/'1©´}INQ0<A6?;=@)I€@SIy’H9K6FhF0@)IK€µ’<DRZ6F?U!_I4VW.5K6:Q0@)RZ68I.>C<8;3.>Y9J[¶\K/.²©o}^?ja n8krg mn d g droa n ]^8`aY^?c“/ ŸN,+/D5%G?Ž:+ :8r(+·%.

(74)

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Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to