• Aucun résultat trouvé

Le langage genré : entre héritage linguistique et défi communicationnel : la langue française, un impensé dans les campagnes de communication en faveur du droit des femmes

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Le langage genré : entre héritage linguistique et défi communicationnel : la langue française, un impensé dans les campagnes de communication en faveur du droit des femmes"

Copied!
124
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: dumas-01560625

https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01560625

Submitted on 11 Jul 2017

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Copyright

Le langage genré : entre héritage linguistique et défi

communicationnel : la langue française, un impensé dans

les campagnes de communication en faveur du droit des

femmes

Ophélie Wattier

To cite this version:

Ophélie Wattier. Le langage genré : entre héritage linguistique et défi communicationnel : la langue française, un impensé dans les campagnes de communication en faveur du droit des femmes. Sciences de l’information et de la communication. 2016. �dumas-01560625�

(2)

École des hautes études en sciences de l'information et de la communication - Université Paris-Sorbonne 77, rue de Villiers 92200 Neuilly tél. : +33 (0)1 46 43 76 76 fax : +33 (0)1 47 45 66 04 www.celsa.fr

Master professionnel

Mention : Information et communication

Spécialité : Communication des entreprises et des institutions Option : Communication politique et des institutions publiques

Le langage genré

Entre héritage linguistique et défi communicationnel :

la langue française, un impensé dans les campagnes de

communication en faveur du droit des femme

Responsable de la mention information et communication Professeure Karine Berthelot-Guiet

Tuteur universitaire : Emeline Seignobos

Nom, prénom : WATTIER Ophélie Promotion : 2015-2016

Soutenu le : 14/10/2016

(3)

>&

"#$#"%&#$#'()!

& & 7#+2&"#33%."%2;&_%&(#+)*/,%&2%3%2"/%2&,#+,%(&$%(&O%2(#..%(&V+/&#.,&"#.,2/9+-&`& $a-$*9#2*,/#.&'%&"%&,2*6*/$&'a-,+'%(&%,&'%&2%")%2")%B&T%+2&*/'%&O2-"/%+(%;&3*/(&*+((/&$%+2& (+/6/;&#.,&O%23/(&'a%.2/")/2&3*&2-1$%K/#.&%,&#2/%.,%2&"%2,*/.%(&O/(,%(&'%&,2*6*/$B&

\#+,& 'a*9#2';& _%& 6#+'2*/(& 2%3%2"/%2& Q3%$/.%& 8%/U.#9#(;& 2*OO#2,%+2%& +./6%2(/,*/2%;&O#+2&(#.&/3O$/"*,/#.;&(#.&(#+,/%.&3*/(&*+((/&(*&U%.,/$$%((%B&@#(&-")*.U%(& 1+2%.,&.#.&(%+$%3%.,&,2b(&%.2/")/((*.,(;&3*/(&*+((/&,2b(&*U2-*9$%(B&c6%"&+.%&/33%.(%& O-'*U#U/%;& Q3%$/.%& 8%/U.#9#(& 3a*& "#.(%/$$-%& ,*.,& '*.(& 3%(& 2%")%2")%(& V+%& '*.(& $*& 2-*$/(*,/#.&'%&"%&3-3#/2%&d&_%&(#+)*/,%&'#."&$+/&%KO2/3%2&,#+,%&3*&U2*,/,+'%B&

ea*+,2%&O*2,;&_%&,/%.(&-U*$%3%.,&`&2%3%2"/%2&3#.&2*OO#2,%+2&O2#1%((/#..%$;&f%*.4 Z*O,/(,%&7*+$)%,;&O#+2&(#.&%.U*U%3%.,&%,&(#.&(+/6/B&Q.&%11%,;&(*&U2*.'%&'/(O#./9/$/,-&%,& (#.&%KO%2,/(%&#.,&O%23/(&'%&3%,,2%&'%(&2-O#.(%(&`&'%&.#392%+(%(&/.,%22#U*,/#.(B&

Q.1/.;&_%&(#+)*/,%&*'2%((%2&+.&/33%.(%&3%2"/&`&3%(&/.,%2$#"+,%+2(42/"%(;&V+/&#.,& O2/(& '%& $%+2& O2-"/%+K& ,%3O(& O#+2& 2-O#.'2%& `& ")*"+.%& '%& 3%(& V+%(,/#.(B& c/.(/;& $%(& %.,2%,/%.(&V+%&_a*/&O+&*6#/2&*6%"&7*,2/"&f%*.;&!$/*.%&</%..#,;&Q'M/U%&Y)*g.*'*2;&N*2/*& P*.'%*& %,& X/")*2'& P)%(.%*+;& #.,& -,-& 'a+.%& U2*.'%& */'%B& Q.& %11%,;& "%(& '%2./%2(& #.,& 1#2,%3%.,& %.2/")/& 3*& 2-1$%K/#.;& '%& O*2& $*& '/6%2(/,-& '%(& O#/.,(& '%& 6+%& %,& $*& V+*$/,-& '%(& -")*.U%(B&\#+,%(&%,&,#+(&3a#.,&"#.(*"2-&9%*+"#+O&'%&,%3O(;&%,&*OO#2,-&+.&2-%$&(+/6/;& *1/.&'%&3%&U+/'%2&'*.(&"%&,2*6*/$B&f%&$%+2&(+/(&%K,2h3%3%.,&2%"#..*/((*.,%;&%,&%(Ob2%& 2%"2#/(%2&$%+2&")%3/.&'*.(&"%&"#39*,&V+%&.#+(&*6#.(&%.&"#33+.B&

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

(4)

E&

)*$$+&"#!

! &,-./012-3/,&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&4 ! ! 5#!6+!6&'78&)(&98#!+8!)#:&)$#;!<.=>3?.=!@AB/-@?C=&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&DE! & &F! 6=!GH,IHI=!C=J3C-=&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&HI& HB& i+a%(,4"%&V+%&$%&$*.U*U%&(%K/(,%&j&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&HI& *B& T*&2bU$%&#2,)#U2*O)/V+%&C&k&$%&3*("+$/.&$a%3O#2,%&(+2&$%&1-3/./.&l&BBBBBBBBBB&HL& 9B& e%(&O2#1%((/#.(&%,&'%(&1#.",/#.(&U%.2-%(&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&H:& "B& QKO2%((/#.(&%,&/._+2%(&(%K/(,%(;&'-6*$#2/(*,/#.&%,&/.(+$,%(&(%K+%$$%(&&BBBBBB&H=& >B& T*&O+/((*."%&'%(&3#,(&C&$%&$*.U*U%&(,2+",+2%&$*&O%.(-%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&>H& *B& T*&O%21#23*,/6/,-&C&V+*.'&'/2%&"a%(,&1*/2%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&>H& 9B& T*&(,2+",+2%&'%&$*&O%.(-%&O*2&$%&$*.U*U%&&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&>E& "B& T%&O#+6#/2&(A39#$/V+%&'+&$*.U*U%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&>I& EB& e%(&"#'%(&*$,%2.*,/1(&C&$%&$*.U*U%&-O/"b.%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&>J& *B& T%(&2bU$%(&'+&$*.U*U%&-O/"b.%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&>J& 9B& e%&.#+6%*+K&"#'%(&O#+2&O2#3#+6#/2&$a-U*$/,-&'%(&(%K%(&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&>:& "B& 8%(&/./,/*,%+2(&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&>=& &&F! 6=C!2/,CKL1=,2=C!01!GH,IHI=!0H,C!GH!2/,C-.12-3/,!C/23HG=!0=C!M=>>=C!N!G=! .=MG=-!0O1,=!0/>3,H-3/,!01!.K=G&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&E?& !"& Ta#+9$/&6#/2%&$a%K"$+(/#.&'%(&1%33%(&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&E?& *B& e*.(&$*&"/,#A%..%,-&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&E?& 9B& e*.(&$*&6/%&O+9$/V+%&%,&O#$/,/V+%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&E>& "B& e*.(&$%(&3-'/*(&%,&$*&O#O&"+$,+2%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&EE& #"& 5.%&O%2"%O,/#.&2-'+",2/"%&'+&2m$%&(#"/*$&'%(&1%33%(&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&EL& *B& 5.&2*9*/((%3%.,&(#"/*$&"#.(,*.,&'+&1*/,&'%&$%+2&*.*,#3/%&O#+2&3*2V+%2&$*& '#3/.*,/#.&3*("+$/.%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&EL& 9B& 5.%&)AO%2(%K+*$/(*,/#.&'+&"#2O(&'%(&1%33%(&"#.'+/(*.,&`&$%+2& #9_-,/(*,/#.&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&EJ& $"& e%(&"#.(-V+%."%(&$/-%(&C&+.%&'#3/.*,/#.&2-%$$%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&E:& *B& e%(&/.-U*$/,-(&(*$*2/*$%(&%,&O2#1%((/#..%$$%(&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&E:& 9B& e%(&'/("2/3/.*,/#.(&(#"/*$%(&%,&'#3%(,/V+%(&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&E=& "B& e%(&6/#$%."%(&V+/&.%&"%((%.,&O*(&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&I?& &&&F! 6=C!H2-=1.CP.32=C!01!GH,IHI=!C=J3C-=&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&IH& !"& i+%$4$%4(&(#.,&$%(&$#"+,%+2(42/"%(&j&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&I>& *B& T%&$*.U*U%&(%K/(,%&%(,&*."2-&'*.(&$%&$*.U*U%&"#+2*.,&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&I>&

(5)

I& 9B& 8#.4(*&$#"+,%+242/"%&C&N#.(/%+2&#+&N*'*3%&\#+,4$%43#.'%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&IE& #"& T%(&3#,(&%,&/3*U%(&'+&(%K/(3%&'*.(&$%&'/("#+2(&O+9$/"/,*/2%%""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""%IE& *B& e%&$a)AO%2(%K+*$/(*,/#.&`&$*&6/#$%."%;&$%(&/3*U%(&'%&$*&(#+3/((/#.&BBBBBBBBB&II& 9B& Ta#3./O2-(%."%&'%(&"$/")-(&(%K/(,%(&'*.(&$%(&3#,(&%,&$%(&/3*U%(&'%(& "*3O*U.%(&O+9$/"/,*/2%(&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&IJ& $"& Q,&O#+2,*.,;&$a-3%2U%."%&'a+.&'/("#+2(&'%&$+,,%&"#.,2%&$%&(%K/(3%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&I:& *B& e*.(&$%&(%",%+2&3*2")*.'&C&$a*OO*2/,/#.&'a+.&1%3/./(,4M*()/.U&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&I:& 9B& e*.(&$%&(%",%+2&*((#"/*,/1&C&$*&3+$,/O$/"*,/#.&'%(&"*3O*U.%(&'%&$+,,%& "#.,2%&$%&(%K/(3%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&L?& "B& T%&$*.U*U%&(%K/(,%;&U2*.'&#+9$/-&'%&$*&$+,,%&"#.,2%&$%&(%K/(3%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&LH& & P#."$+(/#.&O*2,/%$$%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&L>& & 5#!6+!%*$$8'&%+(&*'!Q!6+!68((#!%*'("#!6#!)#:&)$#!5+')!6#! 6+'7+7#;!)=2/,0=!@AB/-@?C=&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&RS! & &F! 6H!B./>/-3/,!0O1,!GH,IHI=!,/,!C=J3C-=;!1,=!,/1T=GG=!B/.-=!0O=,-.K=!B/1.! G1--=.!2/,-.=!G=!C=J3C>=&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&LE& HB& T%&,2*6*/$&'%&(%.(/9/$/(*,/#.&'%(&*((#"/*,/#.(&%,&'%(&S@[&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&LE& *B& !"#$%&'()*'+(,-'+.&(a*,,*V+%&*+&(%K/(3%&#2'/.*/2%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&LI& 9B& T%&n8\S7&'%&$a*((#"/*,/#.&/(-0%1+*23.)4)'(%5)%#6)&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&LJ& "B& 7)%8-69)4)'(%5):%!;,)''):%5)%<+*5)&%,&=:)>%.)%?@4,',:4)%A&"#39*,,%.,& $*&"/6/$/,-&k&N*'%3#/(%$$%&l&_+U-%&'/("2/3/.*.,%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&Lo& >B& T%(&/./,/*,/6%(&"/,#A%..%(&%,&/.'/6/'+%$$%(&O2%..%.,&$%(&'%6*.,(&V+*.,&`&$*& O2#9$-3*,/V+%&'+&$*.U*U%&(%K/(,%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&J?& *B& T%&,2*6*/$&'%(&9$#U+%+(%(&1-3/./(,%(&%.U*U-%(&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&J?& 9B& 5.&'#"+3%.,*,/#.&V+/&(a-,%.'&&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&JE& EB& T+,,%&"#.,2%&$%&(%K/(3%&'*.(&$%&$*.U*U%&C&$*&O#((/9/$/,-&'a+.&"#39*,&`&U2*.'%& -")%$$%&j&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&JI& *B& T*&(#"/-,-&"/6/$%&"#33%."%&`&O2%.'2%&O*2,&*+&'-9*,&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&JI& 9B& T*&.-"%((/,-&'%&"#33+./V+%2&(+2&"%,,%&,)-3*,/V+%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&JL& &&F! 6=!03C2/1.C!3,C-3-1-3/,,=G!H1-/1.!0=!GH!B./>/-3/,!0O1,!GH,IHI=!,/,!C=J3C-=&JJ& HB& T%&,2*6*/$&'%(&#2U*./(*,/#.(&.#.&U#+6%2.%3%.,*$%(&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&JJ& *B& 5.%&"#33+./"*,/#.&V+/&'-.#."%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&JJ& 9B& T*&O2/(%&'%&"#.("/%."%&'a+.&O+9$/"&'-_`&"#.("/%.,/(-&j&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&J:& "B& e%(&k&'2#/,(&'%&$ap#33%&l&*+K&k&'2#/,(&)+3*/.(&l&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&Jo& >B& T%&3*.V+%&'a/3O$/"*,/#.&'%(&O#+6#/2(&O+9$/"(&'*.(&"%,,%&$+,,%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&J=& *B& Ta!,*,&$-U/1b2%&%,&"#33+./V+%&%.&1*6%+2&'%(&'2#/,(&'%(&1%33%(&BBBBBBBBBBBBB&J=& 9B& 5.&"#39*,&V+/&%K"$+,&$%&$*.U*U%&(%K/(,%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&:H&

(6)

L& "B& Q,&O#+2,*.,;&$%&"#.(,*,&'a+.&/.,-2h,&3*2V+-&O#+2&$*&,)-3*,/V+%&$/.U+/(,/V+%& V+*.'&/$&(a*U/,&'%&$*&$+,,%&"#.,2%&$%&2*"/(3%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&:E& EB& Z%.")3*2q&`&$a/.,%2.*,/#.*$&C&$*&r2*."%&%.&2%,*2'&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&:E& *B& T%(&$*.U+%(&2#3*.%(&C&+.%&U2*.'%&'/(O*2/,-&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&:I& 9B& e%(&O*A(&12*."#O)#.%(&O$+(&*6*."-(&V+%&$*&r2*."%&(+2&"%,,%&V+%(,/#.&B&:L& "B& T*&.%+,2*$/,-&'*.(&$%&$*.U*U%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&:J& % &&&F! 6OHBBG32H-3/,!01!2/>UH-!2/,-.=!G=!C=J3C>=!0H,C!G=!GH,IHI=;!C/1C!GOH,IG=! 2/>>1,32H-3/,,=G&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&::& HB& Ta*'#O,/#.&'a+.%&")*2,%&2-'*",/#..%$$%&.#.&(%K/(,%&O*2&$%(&#2U*./(*,/#.(&BBBBBBBBBBB&::& *B& T%(&#2U*./(*,/#.(&.#.&U#+6%2.%3%.,*$%(&'#/6%.,&*'#O,%2&+.%&")*2,%& 2-'*",/#..%$$%&.#.&(%K/(,%&'*.(&,#+(&$%+2(&(+OO#2,(&'%&"#33+./"*,/#.&BB&:o& 9B& X%$*,/#.(&O+9$/V+%(&C&+.&6#$%,&k&(%.(/9/$/(*,/#.&l&'*.(&$*&(,2*,-U/%& k&U2*.'(&'#.*,%+2(&l&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&:=& >B& 5.%&(%.(/9/$/(*,/#.&`&U2*.'%&-")%$$%&C&$%&9%(#/.&'a+.&1#2,&"*'2%&O*2,%.*2/*$&BBBBBBBB&o?& *B& 5.&,%3O(&1#2,&"#33+./"*,/#..%$&C&+.%&(%.(/9/$/(*,/#.&`&U2*.'%&-")%$$%&BB&o?& 9B& 5.&1#2,&"*'2%&O*2,%.*2/*$;&#+&"#33%.,&'-"+O$%2&$a/.1$+%."%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&oH& "B& cO2b(&"%&,%3O(&1#2,;&+.%&"#33+./"*,/#.&(+2&$*&'+2-%&C&'%&$*& (%.(/9/$/(*,/#.&`&$*&2--'+"*,/#.&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&o>& EB& 5.%&*",/#.&'%&O$*/'#A%2&*+O2b(&'%(&/.(,/,+,/#.(&O#+2&#9,%./2&$%+2&*')-(/#.&%,&$%+2& *OO+/;&"#.'/,/#.&'%&$*&2-+((/,%&'%&"%&"#39*,&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&oE& *B& QK/U%2&'%(&/.(,/,+,/#.(&12*.W*/(%(&$%&2%(O%",&'+&U+/'%&O#2,*.,&(+2&$*& "#33+./"*,/#.&O+9$/V+%&.#.&(%K/(,%;&-$*9#2-&O*2&$%&p*+,&P#.(%/$&`& $a!U*$/,-&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&oE& 9B& c6%"&$%&(#+,/%.&'%&$a#O/./#.&O+9$/V+%;&%K%2"%2&+.%&O2%((/#.&(+2&$a!,*,&%,& $%(&/.(,/,+,/#.(;&.#,*33%.,&$ac"*'-3/%&12*.W*/(%;&O#+2&$*&3/(%&%.&O$*"%& 'a+.%&.#+6%$$%&2-U$%3%.,*,/#.&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&oL& "B& X--'+V+%2&'b(&$*&O%,/,%&%.1*."%&O*2&$a!'+"*,/#.&.*,/#.*$%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&oJ& P#."$+(/#.&O*2,/%$$%&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&oo& & & %/,2G1C3/,&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&VW! X3UG3/I.HB@3=&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&WE! & +,,=J=C&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&WY!

!

!

!

(7)

J&

&'("*58%(&*'!

& & & & & T%&$*.U*U%&"#.,2/9+%;&O*2&(#.&*OO2%.,/((*U%&%,&(#.&+(*U%&2-O-,-;&`&"#.(,2+/2%& .#,2%& O%.(-%;& 3*/(& *+((/& .#,2%& 6/(/#.& '+& 3#.'%B& Q.& %11%,;& /$& %.U*U%& +.& (A(,b3%& '%& 6*$%+2(&%,&'%&2%O2-(%.,*,/#.(;&%,&O-2%../(%&'#."&'%(&"#.(,2+/,(&(#"/*+KB&eb(&$*&O%,/,%& %.1*."%;& $%(& _%+.%(& -"#$/%24%4(& 12*.W*/(4%(& *OO2%..%.,& +.%& 2bU$%& U2*33*,/"*$%& V+/& .a*'3%,& *+"+.%& %K"%O,/#.& C& $%& 3*("+$/.& $a%3O#2,%& ,#+_#+2(& (+2& $%& 1-3/./.B& P%,,%& 2bU$%& 'a*""#2';& /((+%& 'a+.%& -6#$+,/#.& $/.U+/(,/V+%;& %$$%43h3%& 12+/,& 'a+.%& 6#$#.,-& O#$/,/V+%& '*,*.,& '+& s<RRb3%& (/b"$%;& 2%1$b,%& +.%& '/("2/3/.*,/#.& `& $a-U*2'& '%(& 1%33%(& %,& +.%& '#3/.*,/#.&3*("+$/.%B&S+,2%&(%(&#2/U/.%(;&%,&$%(&6*$%+2(&/.'+/,%(&O*2&$a*OO2%.,/((*U%&'%& "%,,%&2bU$%;&"%$$%4"/&/.6/(/9/$/(%&$%(&1%33%(&'*.(&$*&$*.U+%&12*.W*/(%B&R$&%.&%(,&'%&3h3%& "#."%2.*.,&$%(&.#3(&'%&3-,/%2(;&,/,2%(;&1#.",/#.(&%,&U2*'%(&d&%11%",/6%3%.,;&$%&3#.'%&'+& ,2*6*/$&%,&'%(&2*.U(&(#"/*+K&%(,&1#2,%3%.,&3*2V+-&O*2&"%,&+(*U%&'/("2/3/.*.,&'%&$*&$*.U+%& 12*.W*/(%;&(%$#.&$*&2%"#..*/((*."%&(#"/*$%&V+%&$a#.&*""#2'%&`&"%(&1#.",/#.(B&c/.(/;&.#+(& O*2$%2#.(&"#+2*33%.,&'ak&*6#"*,&l;&'%&k&3-'%"/.&l;&#+&'%&k&'#",%+2&l;&*+&3*("+$/.;& O#+2& '-(/U.%2& '%(& 1%33%(B& T*& 1-3/./(*,/#.& '%(& .#3(& '%& 3-,/%2(& "#."%2.%2*& %((%.,/%$$%3%.,& '%(& 3-,/%2(& "#33%& k& 1%33%& '%& 3-.*U%& l;& k& /.1/23/b2%& l& #+& %."#2%& k&(*U%41%33%&l&d&"%"/&%.1%23%&$%(&1%33%(&%,&$%(&)#33%(&'*.(&'%(&2m$%(&,2b(&2%(,2%/.,(;& %,&$/3/,%&$%+2&O#((/9/$/,-&'a*U/2&%,&'ah,2%&$-U/,/3%B&e%&$*&3h3%&3*./b2%;&9/%.&V+a*+_#+2'a)+/& $a+(*U%&*+,#2/(%&$%&"#.,2*/2%;&%.&(a*'*O,*.,&*+K&2bU$%(&#11/"/%$$%(&'%&$ac"*'-3/%&12*.W*/(%;& .#+(&'%62/#.(&*OO%$%2&+.%&1%33%&O2-(/'%.,%&k&N*'*3%&$%&72-(/'%.,&l;&"%&V+/&'#..%& $a/$$+(/#.& 'a+.%& 1%33%& V+/& .%& (%2*/,& O*(& $-U/,/3%& `& (#.& O#(,%;& #+& '%& $*& 2-+((/,%& 'a+.%& 1%33%& V+/& (%2*/,& '%& $a#2'2%& '%& $a%K"%O,/#..%$B& Q.& 12*.W*/(;& $%& 3*("+$/.& %(,& $%& U%.2%& .%+,2%& d& 3*/(& $a/.6/(/9/$/,-& '%(& 1%33%(& V+%& "%$*& O2#6#V+%& "#.(,/,+%& $%& 3*2V+%+2& 'a+.& (")-3*& (#"/*$& #t& %$$%(& _#+%.,& +.& 2m$%& (%"#.'B& u& "%$*;& .#+(& O#+6#.(& *_#+,%2& $*& O-2%../(*,/#.&'%(&%KO2%((/#.(&`&"*2*",b2%&(%K/(,%;&2%.1#2W*.,&$%(&(,-2-#,AO%(&'%&U%.2%;& */.(/&V+%&$a+(*U%&"#+2*.,&'a/.(+$,%(&(%K/(,%(&%,&(%K+%$$%(;&*3%.*.,&$*&O$+O*2,&'+&,%3O(& +.%&)AO%2(%K+*$/(*,/#.&'%(&1%33%(B&T%(&"/,#A%.4.%4(&(#.,&"#.(,*33%.,&%KO#(-4%4(&`& "%,&+(*U%&(%K/(,%&'+&$*.U*U%;&"%&V+/&2%.1#2"%&$%(&2%O2-(%.,*,/#.(&'/("2/3/.*.,%(;&%,&'#."& $%(&/.-U*$/,-(&%.,2%&$%(&1%33%(&%,&$%(&)#33%(B&

(8)

:& e%O+/(& O$+(/%+2(& *..-%(;& $*& O2#9$-3*,/V+%& '+& (%K/(3%& '*.(& $%& $*.U*U%& %(,& '%6%.+%&+.&2-%$&(+_%,&'a-,+'%B&cA*.,&+.&/.,-2h,&O2#.#."-&O#+2&$*&,)-3*,/V+%&'%(&'2#/,(& '%(&1%33%(&%,&$*&$+,,%&"#.,2%&$%(&'/("2/3/.*,/#.(&'%&U%.2%;&_a*/&6#+$+&*9#2'%2&%,&-,+'/%2& '%&3*./b2%&*OO2#1#.'/%&"%2,*/.%(&"*+(%(&%,&"#.(-V+%."%(&'+&(%K/(3%&#2'/.*/2%B&e-_`& /.6%(,/%&(+2&"%&(+_%,;&O+/(V+a%.U*U-%&'*.(&+.%&*((#"/*,/#.&O#$/,/V+%&'%&_%+.%((%;&_a*/&%+& $a#OO#2,+./,-& 'aA& h,2%& .#33-%& 2%(O#.(*9$%& '%(& V+%(,/#.(& $/-%(& `& $*& $+,,%& "#.,2%& $%(& '/("2/3/.*,/#.(&1*/,%(&`&$a-U*2'&'%&1%33%(;&*+&(%/.&'%&$*&1-'-2*,/#.&'%&7*2/(B&Pa%(,&'#."& '*.(& 3*& 6/%& 3/$/,*.,%& V+%& _a*/& (#+)*/,-;& '*.(& +.& O2%3/%2& ,%3O(;& *3%.%2& $%& (+_%,& '+& $*.U*U%&(%K/(,%;&%,&(%(&"#.(-V+%."%(&(+2&$*&"#.(,2+",/#.&(#"/*$%&'%(&1%33%(B&fa*/&*$#2(& "#33%."-&`&#9(%26%2&$a+(*U%&V+%&")*"+.4%&*&'+&$*.U*U%;&%,&$%&(%K/(3%&V+/&(aA&,2#+6%B& e%&$*&3h3%&3*./b2%;&_a*/&O+&*9#2'%2&"%&(+_%,&*6%"&'%(&3/$/,*.,4%4(&%,&O$+(/%+2(&"*'2%(& 1-'-2*+K;&$#2(&'%&2-+./#.(;&*1/.&'%&$%(&/."/,%2&`&1-3/./(%2&$%+2(&,%K,%(&%,&O2/(%(&'%&O*2#$%;& %.&$%+2&%KO$/V+*.,&$%(&%._%+KB&c+((/;&_a*/&(#+)*/,-&"#3O2%.'2%&$%(&$#U/V+%(;&3*/(&*+((/& $%(&,%.*.,(&%,&*9#+,/((*.,(&'+&(%K/(3%&'*.(&$%&$*.U*U%;&*1/.&'a*'#O,%2&+.&O#/.,&'%&6+%& '*6*.,*U%&("/%.,/1/V+%&(+2&"%,,%&,)-3*,/V+%;&%,&'a*3%.%2&'%&$a#9_%",/6/,-&`&3#.&-,+'%B&& Q.&#+,2%;&'%+K&-O/(#'%(&"#.(-"+,/1(&3a#.,&O#+((-%&`&")#/(/2&"%&,)b3%&'*.(&$%& "*'2%& '%& "%& 3-3#/2%B& T%& O2%3/%2& "#."%2.%& $*& O*2+,/#.& '+& [+/'%& O2*,/V+%& O#+2& +.%& "#33+./"*,/#.&O+9$/V+%&(*.(&(,-2-#,AO%&'%&(%K%;&2-*$/(-&%,&O+9$/-&O*2&$%&p*+,&P#.(%/$&

`&$a!U*$/,-&%.,2%&$%(&1%33%(&%,&$%(&)#33%(;&%.&.#6%392%&>?HLHB&c6%"&$*&O*2+,/#.&'%&"%&

U+/'%;&V+/&*&O#+2,*.,&+.%&O#2,-%&2%(,2%/.,%&O+/(V+a/$&(a*'2%((%&(+2,#+,&*+K&O2#1%((/#..%$4 $%4(&'%&$*&"#33+./"*,/#.&'+&(%",%+2&O+9$/";&_a*/&2-*$/(-&V+a/$&-,*/,&O#((/9$%&'%&(%.(/9/$/(%2& `&U2*.'%&-")%$$%&(+2&"%&(+_%,;&%,&'a*3%.%2&O2#U2%((/6%3%.,&`&+.%&O2/(%&'%&"#.("/%."%& '+& U2*.'& O+9$/"B& T%& (%"#.';& $+/;& 2-(/'%& %.& $*& "*3O*U.%& '%& (%.(/9/$/(*,/#.& '%&

$a#2U*./(*,/#.& .#.& U#+6%2.%3%.,*$%& PcXQ& @#26bU%;& *OO%$-%& ne%*2e*''A>B& P%,,%&

"*3O*U.%&'%&"#33+./"*,/#.;&,2b(&,#+")*.,%;&,2*/,%&%((%.,/%$$%3%.,&'%(&"#.(-V+%."%(& V+%&O%+6%.,&*6#/2&$%(&%KO2%((/#.(&%,&/.(+$,%(&(%K/(,%(&(+2&$*&6/%&'%(&1%33%(B&& c",+%$$%3%.,&%.&(,*U%&'%&1/.&'a-,+'%(&`&$*&r-'-2*,/#.&R.,%2.*,/#.*$%&'%(&$/U+%(& '%(&e2#/,(&'%&$ap#33%;&2%9*O,/(-%&k&rRep;&N#+6%3%.,&3#.'/*$&'%(&'2#/,(&)+3*/.(&l;& _a*/&*OO2/(&$%&1#.",/#..%3%.,&'a+.%&#2U*./(*,/#.&.#.&U#+6%2.%3%.,*$%;&%,&$%(&#+,/$(&3/(& `&$*&'/(O#(/,/#.&'%(&(%26/"%(&'%&"#33+./"*,/#.&'a+.%&,%$$%&#2U*./(*,/#.;&/3O$/V+*.,&'#."& "%2,*/.%(& O#((/9/$/,-(& 'a*",/#.B& c+((/;& $%(& "#."$+(/#.(& '%& "%& ,2*6*/$& '%& 2%")%2")%(& #.,& ,2#+6-&'%(&*OO$/"*,/#.(&'*.(&"%&'#3*/.%&O2#1%((/#..%$B&fa*/&'a*/$$%+2(&O+&3a%.,2%,%./2&(+2& H &B6,5)%0*+(,C6)%0-6*%6')%2-446',2+(,-'%06D.,C6)%:+':%:(@*@-(E0)%5)%:)F);&p*+,&P#.(%/$&`& $a!U*$/,-&%.,2%&$%(&1%33%(&%,&$%(&)#33%(;&.#6%392%&>?HL& # %P%,,%&"*3O*U.%&'%&"#33+./"*,/#.&(%2*&-,+'/-%&%.&(%"#.'%&O*2,/%&'%&"%&3-3#/2%B%

(9)

o& "%&(+_%,&*6%"&$%&9+2%*+&'-'/-&*+K&'2#/,(&'%(&1%33%(&'%&$*&rRep;&*1/.&'a%.6/(*U%2&$*&3/(%& %.&O$*"%&'a+.%&")*2,%&2-'*",/#..%$$%&.#.&(%K/(,%B&c/.(/;&*6%"&$a*""#2'&'%(&2%(O#.(*9$%(& '+&9+2%*+&%.&")*2U%&'%(&'2#/,(&'%(&1%33%(;&_a*/&,2*6*/$$-&(+2&$a-$*9#2*,/#.&'a+.%&.#+6%$$%& ")*2,%&2-'*",/#..%$$%;&*+_#+2'a)+/&(#+3/(%&*+&9+2%*+&"#33+./"*,/#.&'%&$*&rRep;&*6*.,& '%&O*((%2&%.,2%&$%(&3*/.(&'%&$*&'/2%",/#.B&8/&"%,,%&'%2./b2%&%(,&*""%O,-%;&/$&(a*U/2*&'#."& '%& $*& 1*/2%& 6#,%2& O*2& $%& 9+2%*+& /.,%2.*,/#.*$B& fa%.6/(*U%& -U*$%3%.,& '%& (#+3%,,2%& 3#.& 3-3#/2%& *1/.& 'a*OO#2,%2& '%& O$+(& *3O$%(& /.1#23*,/#.(& (+2& "%& (+_%,& d& */.(/;& "%$*& 3%& O%23%,,2*& 'a/$$+(,2%2;& '*.(& $*& 6/%& 2-%$$%;& "%2,*/.(& O#/.,(& ,2b(& O2-"/(& '%& 3%(& 2%"#33*.'*,/#.(;& /((+%(& '%& 2%")%2")%(& %11%",+-%(& '*.(& $%& "*'2%& '%& "%& ,2*6*/$& '%& 2%")%2")%B&

Ta#9_%,&'%&"%,,%&-,+'%&%(,&9/%.&(v2&'%&'-3#.,2%2&$%&$/%.&%K/(,*.,&%.,2%&$a+(*U%&'a+.& $*.U*U%& (%K/(,%;& %,& (%(& "#.(-V+%."%(& (+2& $%(& 2%O2-(%.,*,/#.(& (#"/*$%(& '%(& 1%33%(;& U-.-2*.,&'%(&/.-U*$/,-(&%.,2%&$%(&1%33%(&%,&$%(&)#33%(;&%,&'a%KO$/V+%2&"%&O)-.#3b.%B& N*/(&/$&O%23%,&*+((/&'a-,+'/%2&'*.(&V+%$$%&3%(+2%&/$&%(,&O#((/9$%&'%&3%,,2%&+.&,%23%&`& "%,,%&O*2,/%&'+&(%K/(3%&#2'/.*/2%;&%,&*/.(/;&,2#+6%2&+.%&.#+6%$$%&O#2,%&'a%.,2-%&'*.(&$*& $+,,%&"#.,2%&$%&(%K/(3%;&$%(&'/("2/3/.*,/#.(&'%&U%.2%&%,&/.-U*$/,-(&%.,2%&$%(&1%33%(&%,&$%(& )#33%(B&

c/.(/;& $*& V+%(,/#.& '%& '-O*2,& "#."%2.*/,& $%& 2m$%& '+& $*.U*U%& (%K/(,%& "#33%& ,2*.(3%,,%+2& 'a+.%& "%2,*/.%& 3%.,*$/,-& "#.(,/,+-%& '%& 2%O2-(%.,*,/#.(& %,& '%& O2-_+U-(& (%K/(,%(;&%,&'#."&"#33%&3#'-$/(*,%+2&'%&$*&O%.(-%&'a+.%&(#"/-,-&#t&$%(&1%33%(&_#+%.,& +.&2m$%&(%"#.';&'*.(&'%(&"*,-U#2/%(&O2#O2%(&`&$%+2&(%K%;&%,&#t&%$$%(&#.,&,%.'*."%&`&h,2%& )AO%2(%K+*$/(-%(B&c6%"&$%&9+,&+$,/3%&'%&2%.'2%&$%(&1%33%(&O$+(&6/(/9$%(&'*.(&$*&$*.U+%& 12*.W*/(%;&%,&'a%.&1/./2&*6%"&$%(&%KO2%((/#.(&%,&/.(+$,%(&U%.2-%(&%,&(%K+%$$%(;&/$&(a*U/((*/,& 'a-,+'/%2&"#33%.,&$%&,2*6*/$&'a+.%&#2U*./(*,/#.&.#.&U#+6%2.%3%.,*$%&O#+6*/,&*6#/2&+.& 2m$%& '*.(& $*& '-"#.(,2+",/#.& '%& "%,& +(*U%& (%K/(,%& '+& $*.U*U%;& .#,*33%.,& `& ,2*6%2(& $*& (%.(/9/$/(*,/#.&'+&U2*.'&O+9$/"B&T%(&.#392%+(%(&2%")%2")%(&V+/&#.,&(+/6/&"%,,%&O2%3/b2%& /.,%22#U*,/#.&#.,&'#..-&(+/,%&`&$a-$*9#2*,/#.&'%&$*&O2#9$-3*,/V+%&(+/6*.,%&C& +G/.C!L1=!G=!GH,IHI=!C=J3C-=!M/,0K!C1.!G=C!C-K.K/-AB=C!0=!I=,.=!=C-!H,2.K!0H,C! ,/C!@HU3-10=C!GH,IHI3?.=C;!GH!2/>>1,32H-3/,!,/,!I/1T=.,=>=,-HG=!B=1-P=GG=! Z-.=!G=!G=T3=.!0O1,=!B.3C=!0=!2/,C23=,2=!BH.!G=!I.H,0!B1UG32!0=!GO3>B/.-H,2=!0=C! >/-C!=-!0=!G=1.!3>BG32H-3/,!C/23HG=;!HT=2!B/1.!/U[=2-3M!0=!MH3.=!H0/B-=.!1,! GH,IHI=!,/,!C=J3C-=;!>HGI.K!G=!>H,L1=!0=!2/,C30K.H-3/,!0=C!B/1T/3.C!B1UG32C! C1.!2=--=!L1=C-3/,!\&

(10)

=& Pa%(,&`&"%,,%&O2#9$-3*,/V+%&V+%&.#+(&,%.,%2#.(&'%&2-O#.'2%;&,#+,&*+&$#.U&'%&"%& 3-3#/2%;&`&,2*6%2(&'%+K&)AO#,)b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`G=!0=!GH!2/>>1,32H-3/,!2/>>=! T=2-=1.! B13CCH,-! 0=! .=B.KC=,-H-3/,C! a! =GG=! K>=-! GH! B/CC3U3G3-K! 0O1,=! B.3C=! 0=! 2/,C23=,2=!01!I.H,0!B1UG32!BH.!G=!-.HTH3G!2/>>1,32H-3/,,=G!0O/.IH,3CH-3/,C!,/,! I/1T=.,=>=,-HG=C;!HG/.C!L1=!G=C!B/1T/3.C!B1UG32C!C=>UG=,-!C=!0KC3,-K.=CC=.!0=! GH! B./UGK>H-3L1=! 01! C=J3C>=! 0H,C! G=! GH,IHI=]! +3,C3;! 2=--=! @AB/-@?C=! /MM.=! 1,=! ,/1T=GG=! B/.-=! 0O=,-.K=! 0H,C! GH! G1--=! 2/,-.=! G=! C=J3C>=! /.03,H3.=! =-! C=C! 2/,CKL1=,2=C;!BH.!GH!G1--=!2/,-.=!G=!C=J3C>=!0H,C!G=!GH,IHI=]!

P#."%2.*.,& $*& 3-,)#'#$#U/%& +,/$/(-%;& %$$%& (%& '-"$/.%& %.& O$+(/%+2(& *K%(B&& 6=! B.=>3=.! HJ=! 2/,2=.,=! GO/UC=.TH-3/,]& Q.& %11%,;& '%O+/(& O$+(/%+2(& *..-%(;& _%& O#2,%& 9%*+"#+O&'a/.,-2h,&`&$*&,)-3*,/V+%&'+&(%K/(3%&'*.(&$%&$*.U*U%B&P%,&/.,-2h,&3a*&O#+((-%& `& O2h,%2& +.%& *,,%.,/#.& ,#+,%& O*2,/"+$/b2%& *+K& *",%(& '%& $*.U*U%& -3/(& O*2& 3%(& O2#")%(;& 3*/(&*+((/&'*.(&3#.&%.6/2#..%3%.,&*+&(%.(&$*2U%;&#+&%."#2%&'*.(&$%(&3-'/*(B&fa*/&O+& '-"#+62/2& +.& (%K/(3%& ,2b(& *."2-& '*.(& $%& $*.U*U%& "#+2*.,& 3*/(& *+((/& ,2b(& 2-O-,-;& -3%,,*.,&'%&.#392%+K&(,-2-#,AO%(&'%&U%.2%&d&(#+6%.,;&_%&3%&(+/(&-U*$%3%.,&(+2O2/(%&`& $a%3O$#A%2;& %.& ,%.,*.,& '%& 3%& "#22/U%2B& fa*/& -U*$%3%.,& (#+)*/,-& %.U*U%2& "%,,%& "#.6%2(*,/#.&*6%"&'%&3+$,/O$%(&/.,%2$#"+,%+242/"%4(;&'%&'/11-2%.,(&3/$/%+K&C&'%(&3/$/,*.,4%4 (;&'%(&O%2(#..%(&%.U*U-%(;&'%&U*+")%&"#33%&'%&'2#/,%;&'%(&O%2(#..%(&.#.&O#$/,/(-%(;& '%(&O2#")%(;&'%(&/."#..+4%4(;&%,"B&fa*/&O+&'-"#+62/2&$%+2&'%U2-&'%&"#.("/%."%&V+*.,&`& $a%K/(,%."%& 3h3%& '%& "%,,%& O2#9$-3*,/V+%;& */.(/& V+%& $*& O#((/9/$/,-;& O#+2& %$$%(4%+K;& 'a*""+%/$$/2& '%(& ")*.U%3%.,(& "#."2%,(B& c/.(/;& _a*/&O+& 3%& 1*/2%& +.%& /'-%& '%& $*& (/,+*,/#.B& c+4'%$`&'%&"%,,%&#9(%26*,/#.&'%&3#.&%.6/2#..%3%.,;&_%&3%&(+/(&9%*+"#+O&'#"+3%.,-%;& *+& 1/$& '%& "%(& '%2./b2%(& *..-%(& d& /$& %(,& `& .#,%2& $%& "#.(,*,& 'a+.%& "%2,*/.%& 3+$,/O$/"*,/#.& 'a#+62*U%(;&'a*2,/"$%(&#+&%."#2%&'%&,2/9+.%(&(+2&"%&(+_%,B&

(11)

H?& 6=! C=2/,0! HJ=! .=,T/3=! ^! GH! 0/21>=,-H-3/,]& cO2b(& *6#/2& %11%",+-& '%& .#392%+(%(& 2%")%2")%(;& _a*/& O2/6/$-U/-& $*& $%",+2%& '%& "%2,*/.%(& O*2+,/#.(& *1/.& 'a*6#/2& +.& O*.#2*3*& "#3O$%,& '%(& '/11-2%.,%(& 3*./b2%(& '%& ,2*/,%2& "%& (+_%,& O*2& $%(& $/.U+/(,%(;& ")%2")%+24(%4(;&O)/$#(#O)%(;&3/$/,*.,4%4(;&%,"B&Q.&%11%,;&"%2,*/.%(&$%",+2%(&(%&"#."%.,2%.,& (+2&$a*(O%",&)/(,#2/V+%&'%&$*&$*.U+%&12*.W*/(%&%,&'%&$a/.(,*$$*,/#.&'+&(%K/(3%&'*.(&"%$$%4 "/& d& 'a*+,2%(& O2-(%.,%.,& "%& (+_%,& (#+(& $a*.U$%& /'-#$#U/V+%& %,& -6#V+%.,& '%& .#392%+(%(& "#.(-V+%."%(& d& 'a*+,2%(& %."#2%& O2#O#(%.,& 'a-,*9$/2& '%& .#+6%$$%(& 2bU$%(& .#.& (%K/(,%(;& 6#/2%& -O/"b.%(;& '*.(& $*& $*.U+%& 12*.W*/(%B& fa*/& -U*$%3%.,& *9#2'-& '%& .#392%+(%(& ,)-#2/%(;& .#,*33%.,& (+2& $%& O#+6#/2& (A39#$/V+%& '+& $*.U*U%;& %KO$/V+*.,& $%& $/%.& %.,2%& $*& O%.(-%&%,&$%&$*.U*U%B&P%(&2%")%2")%(&3a#.,&O%23/(&'a*OO2#1#.'/2&3%(&"#..*/((*."%(;& %,& '%& 3/%+K& (*/(/2& $%(& "#.,#+2(& %,& %._%+K& '%& "%& (+_%,B& c+4'%$`& '%& "%(& #+62*U%(;& _a*/& 2%"+%/$$/& '%& .#392%+K& *2,/"$%(& '%& O2%((%;& 3*/(& *+((/& '%(& ,2/9+.%(& #+& %."#2%& '%(& O+9$/"*,/#.(&'%&9$#U+%+(%(&1-3/./(,%(B&P%(&'%2./b2%(&O+9$/"*,/#.(&#.,&O%23/(&'a-,%.'2%& 3%(& 2%")%2")%(;& '%& '/6%2(/1/%2& $%(& O#/.,(& '%& 6+%;& 3*/(& *+((/& %,& (+2,#+,& 'a*6#/2& +.%& *OO2#")%&*+((/&9/%.&O#O+$*/2%&V+a+./6%2(/,*/2%&(+2&"%,,%&V+%(,/#.B&&

8+/,%&`&"%(&$%",+2%(;&V+/&3a#.,&.#,*33%.,&*OO#2,-&+.&"%2,*/.&(*6#/2&V+*.,&`&$*& "#.(,2+",/#.&$*&$*.U+%&12*.W*/(%&%,&$a)/(,#/2%&'+&(%K/(3%&'*.(&"%$$%4"/;&_a*/&*OO2#1#.'/&3#.& /UC=.TH-3/,! 0=C! 03MMK.=,-C! -=J-=C! =-! B.3C=C! 0=! BH./G=B& c/.(/;& _a*/& O+& '-"%$%2& '%& .#+6%$$%(& 3*2V+%(& '%& (%K/(3%;& .#,*33%.,& 1#.'-%(& (+2& '%(& 2bU$%(& #11/"/%$$%(& V+/& /.6/(/9/$/(%.,& $%(& 1%33%(;& 3*/(& *+((/& '%& .#392%+(%(& %KO2%((/#.(& (%K/(,%(& V+/& .%& 3a/.,%2O%$*/%.,& O*(& *+O*2*6*.,B& P%,,%& .#+6%$$%& -,+'%& 3a*& O%23/(& '%& 3/%+K& (*/(/2& $a-,%.'+%&'+&(%K/(3%&'*.(&$%&$*.U*U%;&*1/.&'%&$%&"#39*,,2%B&7*2&$*&(+/,%;&_a*/&-,+'/-&$%(& '/11-2%.,%(&2bU$%(&%K/(,*.,%(&'%&$*.U*U%&-O/"b.%;&#+&.#.&(%K/(,%B&P#."%2.*.,&"%(&2bU$%(& .#.& (%K/(,%(;& %$$%(& (#.,& 3+$,/O$%(& d& %.& %11%,;& ")*V+%& ")%2")%+24%+(%;& $/.U+/(,%& #+& 1-3/./(,%& +,/$/(%& (*& O2#O2%& 2bU$%;& (*.(& V+a/$& A& */,& +.& "#.(%.(+(& (+2& "%& (+_%,B& fa*/& .#,*33%.,& '-"#+6%2,& O$+(/%+2(& U+/'%(& O2#O#(*.,& '%(& ")*2,%(& 2-'*",/#..%$$%(& .#.& (%K/(,%(;&`&$a/3*U%&'+&U+/'%&'+&p*+,&P#.(%/$&`&$a!U*$/,-&%.,2%&$%(&1%33%(&%,&$%(&)#33%(;& -6#V+-&"/4'%((+(;&$%&U+/'%&2%$*,/1&`&$*&2-'*",/#.&-O/"b.%&'%&$a5./6%2(/,-&'%&8)%292##q%;& #+& %."#2%& $%& 2*OO#2,& 'ac3.%(,A& R.,%2.*,/#.*$& O#2,*.,& (+2& $a+,/$/(*,/#.& 'a+.& $*.U*U%& .#.& (%K/(,%&'%(&'2#/,(&)+3*/.(;&'*,*.,&'%&H==oB&&

fa*/& %.(+/,%& O2#"-'-& `& +.%& K-10=! 0=! GH! GKI3CGH-3/,! =,! b.H,2=;! =-! ^! GO3,-=.,H-3/,HG;&*1/.&'%&2-*$/(%2&+.&-,*,&'%(&$/%+K;&%,&'%&"#..*w,2%&$%(&O#((/9/$/,-(&'a*",/#.;& 3*/(& -U*$%3%.,& $%(& "#.,2*/.,%(B& P%,,%& -,+'%& 3a*& O%23/(& '%& 3/%+K& "*'2%2& 3%(& 2%"#33*.'*,/#.(B&e%&$*&3h3%&3*./b2%;&_a*/&(#+)*/,-&*.*$A(%2&$a/3O$/"*,/#.&'%(&!,*,(&(+2& "%&(+_%,;&%,&.#,*33%.,&'%&$a!,*,&12*.W*/(;&V+/&(a*6b2%&O2%(V+%&/.%K/(,*.,%B&&

(12)

HH& u&$a*/'%&'%(&"#..*/((*."%(&#9,%.+%(&`&,2*6%2(&"%(&2%")%2")%(&%,&#9(%26*,/#.(;&

_a*/&%.,*3-&+.%&O-2/#'%&'a=,-.=-3=,C!C=>3P03.=2-3MCS!HT=2!0=C!CBK23HG3C-=C!0=!2=--=!

L1=C-3/,B& c/.(/;& _a*/& %+& $a#OO#2,+./,-& '%& 3a%.,2%,%./2& *6%"& 7*,2/"& f%*.;& 2-*$/(*,%+2& %,& 3/$/,*.,&1-3/./(,%;&"#41#.'*,%+2&'%&$a*((#"/*,/#.&x-2#&N*")#;&V+%&_%&(+/(&'%&O2b(&'%O+/(& O$+(/%+2(& *..-%(;& .#,*33%.,& (+2& $%(& 2-(%*+K& (#"/*+K;& *1/.& '%& "#..*w,2%& (#.& /.6%(,/((%3%.,&(+2&"%&(+_%,&%,&(#.&#O/./#.&(+2&$*&'-3*2")%&`&*'#O,%2B&Q.(+/,%;&_a*/&%+&$*& ")*."%& '%& O#+6#/2& $#.U+%3%.,& -")*.U%2& *6%"& O$+(/%+2(& $/.U+/(,%(;& -"2/6*/.%(;& %,& 3/$/,*.,%(&'%&$*&"*+(%;&'#.,&_a*6*/(&O2-*$*9$%3%.,&$+&$%(&#+62*U%(&C&!$/*.%&</%..#,;&N*2/*& P*.'%*;& */.(/& V+aQ'M/U%& Y)*g.*'*2B& P%(& %.,2%,/%.(& #.,& -,-& ,2b(& O2-"/%+K& "*2& %K,2h3%3%.,&2/")%(&%.&/.1#23*,/#.(&%,&'/6%2(&%.&O#/.,(&'%&6+%&d&%.&%11%,;&O#+2&+.%&3h3%& 1/.*$/,-;&$%(&$/.U+/(,%(&%.,2%&%$$%(4%+K&.%&O*2,*U%.,&O*(&,#+4,%4(&$*&3h3%&6/(/#.&V+*.,&`& $*&3*./b2%&'a*9#2'%2&O+9$/V+%3%.,&"%&(+_%,B&P%$*&*&1#2,%3%.,&*$/3%.,-&3*&2-1$%K/#.&d&_a*/& O+& "#.(%26%2& $%(& *2U+3%.,(& (a*'*O,*.,& *+& 3/%+K& `& 3*& '-3*2")%;& V+%& _a*/& '#."& O+& %.2/")/2B&Q.&#+,2%;&/$&%(,&`&.#,%2&$a/.6%(,/((%3%.,&%,&$%&(+/6/&'%&"%(&,2#/(&/.,%2$#"+,2/"%(;& '#.,&$%(&-")*.U%(&(%&(#.,&2-*$/(-(&'*.(&+.%&'-3*2")%&'a*""#3O*U.%3%.,&%,&'*.(&+.& 9+,& "#33+.B& Q.1/.;& _a*/& -U*$%3%.,& #9,%.+& +.& %.,2%,/%.& *6%"& X/")*2'& P)%(.%*+;& O2#1%((/#..%$& '%& $*& "#33+./"*,/#.& U#+6%2.%3%.,*$%;& ,2*6*/$$*.,& *+O2b(& '%& 7*("*$%& Z#/(,*2';& (%"2-,*/2%& '0!,*,& *+O2b(& '%& $*& 3/./(,2%& '%(& c11*/2%(& (#"/*$%(& %,& '%& $*& 8*.,-;& ")*2U-%&'%(&7%2(#..%(&yU-%(&%,&'%&$0c+,#.#3/%;&*+O*2*6*.,&(%"2-,*/2%&'a!,*,&")*2U-%& '%(&e2#/,(&'%(&1%33%(B&c/.(/;&_a*/&O+&3/%+K&(*/(/2&$*&O*2#$%&'%&$a!,*,;&3*/(&*+((/&$*&O#(/,/#.& '+&U#+6%2.%3%.,&*",+%$&"#."%2.*.,&"%&(+_%,;&%,&(%(&O#((/9/$/,-(&'a*",/#.B&

e%& O$+(;& _a*/& 2-*$/(-& +.%& H,HGAC=! CK>3/G/I3L1=! 0=C! 03MMK.=,-C! >=CCHI=C! C=J3C-=C! -.H,C>3C! 0H,C! G=C! >K03HC;& %,& O$+(& O*2,/"+$/b2%3%.,& '*.(& $*& O+9$/"/,-B& T*& 2%O2-(%.,*,/#.& '%(& 1%33%(;& '*.(& "%(& '/11-2%.,(& (+OO#2,(;& %(,& (/3/$*/2%& `& $*& 2%O2-(%.,*,/#.& '%(& 1%33%(& '*.(& $%& $*.U*U%;& "a%(,4`4'/2%& 3*/.,%.+%(& '*.(& '%(& 2m$%(& 2%(,2%/.,(;& (#+6%.,& *+& (%"#.'& O$*.;& %,& $*& O$+O*2,& '+& ,%3O(& ,2b(& (%K+*$/(-%(B& c/.(/;& _a*/& (#+)*/,-& /$$+(,2%2& "%& O2#O#(& O*2& $*& O2-(%.,*,/#.& '%& O$+(/%+2(& "*3O*U.%(& '%& "#33+./"*,/#.& "#.,%.*.,& .#.& (%+$%3%.,& '%(& /3*U%(& '%& (#+3/((/#.& '%(& 1%33%(;& .#,*33%.,& 6/*& $a)AO%2(%K+*$/(*,/#.& '%& $%+2& "#2O(& %,& $*& '-3#.(,2*,/#.& '%& 6/#$%."%(& O)A(/V+%(&%,&(%K+%$$%(;&3*/(&*+((/&'%(&"$/")-(&(%K/(,%(&%,&(,-2-#,AO%(&'%&U%.2%;&V+/&$%(& 3*/.,/%..%.,&'*.(&'%(&2m$%(&2%(,2%/.,(B&R$&O*2*/((*/,&*$#2(&-6/'%.,&'%&$/%2&"%,,%&*.*$A(%& '%(& 2%O2-(%.,*,/#.(;& ,2*.(3/(%(& O*2& $%(& 3-'/*(;& $a-'+"*,/#.;& #+& %."#2%& $%& $*.U*U%& (%K/(,%;&*+K&'/11-2%.,%(&/.-U*$/,-(&(+9/%(&V+#,/'/%..%3%.,&O*2&$%(&1%33%(B&

E

&Ta/.,-U2*$/,-&'%(&%.,2%,/%.(&%(,&2%,2*.("2/,%&%,&'/(O#./9$%&'*.(&$%(&*..%K%(&'%&"%&3-3#/2%;& OOBH?=4H>H&

(13)

H>& S+,2%& "%,,%& *.*$A(%;& _%& 3%& (+/(& %.(+/,%& O%.")-%& (+2& $%(& #+,/$(& %K/(,*.,(& '%& '-.#."/*,/#.&%,&'%&$+,,%&"#.,2%&$%&$*.U*U%&(%K/(,%;&.#,*33%.,&`&,2*6%2(&$*&B.KC=,-H-3/,! 0O1,! 2/.B1C! 0=! -./3C! 2H>BHI,=C! 0=! 2/>>1,32H-3/,! 3CC1=C! 01! >3G3=1! HCC/23H-3M! =-c/1!.KHG3CK=C!BH.!0=C!/.IH,3CH-3/,C!,/,!I/1T=.,=>=,-HG=CI&d&%,&"%;&`&$a*/'%&'a+.%& U2/$$%&'a*.*$A(%&O#2,*.,&(+2&$a*..#."%+2;&3*/(&-U*$%3%.,&$%&3%((*U%&,2*.(3/(;&$*&O#2,-%& '%&"%$+/4"/&%,&(#.&/3O*",B&c$#2(&V+%&.#+(&"#.(,*,#.(&+.%&3+$,/O$/"*,/#.&'%&"*3O*U.%(& '%&$+,,%&"#.,2%&$%&(%K/(3%;&$%(&(,-2-#,AO%(&'%&U%.2%;&$%(&'/("2/3/.*,/#.(&`&$a-U*2'&'%(& 1%33%(;&%,&$%(&/.-U*$/,-(&%.,2%&$%(&1%33%(&%,&$%(&)#33%(;&_a*/&O+&'-"#+62/2&$*&O*+62%,-& '%(&(+OO#2,(&%K/(,*.,(&"#."%2.*.,&$*&,)-3*,/V+%&'+&(%K/(3%&'*.(&$%&$*.U*U%;&3*/(&*+((/& $*& 1*/9$%((%& '%& (#.& ,2*/,%3%.,& 3-'/*,/V+%B& Pa%(,& O#+2V+#/& _a*/& (#+)*/,-& -$*2U/2& 3%(& 2%")%2")%(&d&"a%(,&*$#2(&V+%&_a*/&1*/,&$%&"#.(,*,&'%&$a%K/(,%."%&'%&.#392%+(%(&/./,/*,/6%(& /.'/6/'+%$$%(&(+2&"%,,%&V+%(,/#.;&.#,*33%.,&O*2&'%(&(O-"/*$/(,%(&'%&$*&$*.U+%&12*.W*/(%;& 3*/(& *+((/& O*2& '%(& 3/$/,*.,4%4(& '%& $*& "*+(%;& #+& %."#2%& '%(& 9$#U+%+(%(& 1-3/./(,%(;& '-3#.,2*.,&V+%&"%&'-9*,&-,*/,&'-_`&O2-4/.(,*$$-;&%,&V+a/$&(a*U/((*/,&(+2,#+,&'%&$+/&'#..%2& +.%&O#2,-%&3-'/*,/V+%B&

Q.1/.;& ,#+,& *+& $#.U& '%& 3#.& (,*U%;& _a*/& HBB.3C! G=! M/,2-3/,,=>=,-! 0O1,=! /.IH,3CH-3/,!,/,!I/1T=.,=>=,-HG=;&%,&*/.(/;&_a*/&O+&3/%+K&*OO2-)%.'%2&$%&9+,&'%&(#.& *",/#.& %,& (*& '-3*2")%& "#33+./"*,/#..%$$%B& P%,& *(O%",& 1+,& ,2b(& /3O#2,*.,& V+*.,& `& $*& '/2%",/#.& %,& $a-$*9#2*,/#.& '%& 3%(& 2%"#33*.'*,/#.(;& O+/(V+a%$$%(& (a/.("2/6%.,& '*.(& +.%& 2-1$%K/#.&,2#+6*.,&'%(&*OO$/"*,/#.(&'*.(&"%&'#3*/.%&O2#1%((/#..%$&%.&O*2,/"+$/%2B&

Q.&"%&V+/&"#."%2.%&$%(&'/11/"+$,-(&2%."#.,2-%(&'*.(&$%&"*'2%&'%&"%&3-3#/2%;&.#+(& O#+22/#.(&-6#V+%2&$*&'/6%2(/,-&'%(&O#/.,(&'%&6+%&'%&")*"+.4%;&"%&V+/&1+,&-U*$%3%.,&+.%& 2/")%((%B&Q11%",/6%3%.,;&/$&(a%(,&*6-2-&'-$/"*,&'%&,2#+6%2&+.%&"%2,*/.%&(,*9/$/,-&*/.(/&V+a+.& "#.(%.(+(&"#."%2.*.,&$%(&'/6%2(%(&*OO2#")%(&'+&(+_%,;&3*/(&"a%(,&-U*$%3%.,&"%&V+/&*& O%23/(& 'a%.2/")/2& 1#2,%3%.,& 3*& 2-1$%K/#.B& Q.& #+,2%;& +.%& (%"#.'%& '/11/"+$,-& 1+,& $*& "#.(,/,+,/#.&'a+.&"#2O+(&'%&"*3O*U.%(&O#2,*.,&(+2&"%&(+_%,;&O+/(V+a/$&%.&%K/(,%&,2b(&O%+B& Q."#2%& +.%& 1#/(;& "%,,%& '/11/"+$,-& *& -U*$%3%.,& O%23/(& '%& (%26/2& 3%(& "#."$+(/#.(;& V+/& '-3#.,2*/%.,&$%&3*.V+%&'a/.,-2h,&O+9$/"&O#+2&"%&(+_%,B&

P%& ,2*6*/$& '%& 2-1$%K/#.;& U+/'-& O*2& +.%& *OO2#")%& 3-,)#'#$#U/V+%& O2-"/(%;& 3a*& O%23/(&'%&'%((/.%2&$%(&"#.,#+2(&%,&%._%+K&'+&$*.U*U%&(%K/(,%;&*/.(/&V+%&'a%.&,/2%2&'%(& "#."$+(/#.(& %,& O2-"#./(*,/#.(B& 7#+2& (%& 1*/2%;& _a*/& _+U-& O%2,/.%.,& '%& O2%.'2%& %.& "#3O,%& +.%&3+$,/O$/"/,-&'%&'/3%.(/#.(&'+&(%K/(3%&#2'/.*/2%&%,&'%&2%O2-(%.,*,/#.(&'%(&1%33%(;&

I

(14)

HE& $%6/%2&.-"%((*/2%&O#+2&O2%.'2%&%.&"#.(/'-2*,/#.&+.%&,%$$%&,)-3*,/V+%B&Pa%(,&"%&V+%&.#+(& *$$#.(&-,+'/%2&,#+,&*+&$#.U&'%&"%&,2*6*/$&'%&2%")%2")%(B&

e*.(& +.& O2%3/%2& ,%3O(;& .#+(& .#+(& "#."%.,2%2#.(& (+2& $*& ,2*.(3/((/#.& '%(& 2%O2-(%.,*,/#.(& (%K/(,%(& O*2& $%& 9/*/(& '+& $*.U*U%B& \#+,& 'a*9#2';& .#+(& '-1/./2#.(& $%(& "#.,#+2(&'+&(%K/(3%&O2-(%.,&'*.(&$%&$*.U*U%;&,*.,&'*.(&$%(&2bU$%(&#11/"/%$$%(&'%&$*&$*.U+%& 12*.W*/(%&/.6/(/9/$/(*.,&$%(&1%33%(;&V+%&'*.(&$%(&/.,%2_%",/#.(&%,&%KO2%((/#.(&(%K/(,%(&$%(& '-6*$#2/(*.,&%,&O#+((*.,&`&$%+2&)AO%2(%K+*$/(*,/#.B&Q.(+/,%;&.#+(&,%.,%2#.(&'%&,)-#2/(%2& $%&O#+6#/2&(A39#$/V+%&'+&$*.U*U%&'*.(&$*&(,2+",+2%&'%&$*&O%.(-%;&%,&(#.&/.1$+%."%&'*.(& $*& "#.(,2+",/#.& '%& .#,2%& 6/(/#.& '+& 3#.'%B& Q.& #+,2%;& .#+(& %KO#(%2#.(& $%(& "#'%(& *$,%2.*,/1(&`&"%&(%K/(3%&'*.(&$%&$*.U*U%&C&$a*OO2#")%&'+&$*.U*U%&-O/"b.%B&cO2b(&"%,,%& -,+'%;&,*.,&$/.U+/(,/V+%&V+%&(#"/#$#U/V+%;&.#+(&-6#V+%2#.(&"%2,*/.%(&"#.(-V+%."%(&'%& "%& $*.U*U%& (%K/(,%& '*.(& $*& "#.(,2+",/#.& (#"/*$%& '%(& 1%33%(;& .#,*33%.,& %.& "%& V+/& "#."%2.%&$%+2&%K"$+(/#.&'%&$*&(#"/-,-;&3*/(&*+((/&$a*(O%",&2-'+",%+2&'%&$%+2&2m$%&(#"/*$;& %,&O$+(&U$#9*$%3%.,&$%(&/.-U*$/,-(&%.,2%&$%(&1%33%(&%,&$%(&)#33%(&O-2%../(-%(&O*2&'%(& 2%O2-(%.,*,/#.(&'/("2/3/.*.,%(B&Q.1/.;&.#+(&-,+'/%2#.(&$%(&'/11-2%.,4%4(&*",%+2(42/"%(&'+& $*.U*U%&(%K/(,%B&

e*.(& +.& (%"#.'& ,%3O(;& .#+(& 6%22#.(& '*.(& V+%$$%& 3%(+2%& $%& ,2*6*/$& '%& "#33+./"*,/#.&'a#2U*./(*,/#.(&.#.&U#+6%2.%3%.,*$%(&O%+,&/.1$+%."%2&$a#O/./#.&O+9$/V+%& %,& $a*3%.%2& `& +.%& O2/(%& '%& "#.("/%."%& '%(& %._%+K& $/-(& `& $*& ,)-3*,/V+%& '+& $*.U*U%& (%K/(,%B& c/.(/;& .#+(& -,+'/%2#.(& $*& O#((/9/$/,-& 'a+.%& .#+6%$$%& O#2,%& 'a%.,2-%& O#+2& $+,,%2& "#.,2%&$%&(%K/(3%;&6/*&$*&O2#3#,/#.&'a+.&$*.U*U%&.#.&(%K/(,%;&.#,*33%.,&O*2&$%&(%",%+2& *((#"/*,/1& %,& )+3*./,*/2%B& Q.& #+,2%;& .#+(& 1%2#.(& +.& -,*,& '%(& $/%+K& '+& '/("#+2(& /.(,/,+,/#..%$&*+,#+2&'%&$*&O2#3#,/#.&'%&"%&$*.U*U%&.#.&(%K/(,%;&,*.,&O*2&$%(&#2U*./(*,/#.(& .#.& U#+6%2.%3%.,*$%(;& V+%& O*2& $%(& O#+6#/2(& O+9$/"(B& Q.1/.;& "%,,%& -,+'%& *OO2#1#.'/%& .#+(&O%23%,,2*&'a-,*9$/2&+.&"%2,*/.&.#392%&'%&2%"#33*.'*,/#.(&*1/.&'%&3%.%2&$%&"#39*,& "#.,2%&$%&(%K/(3%&'*.(&$%&$*.U*U%&z&2%"#33*.'*,/#.(&'%(,/.-%(&*+&,2*6*/$&3%.-&'*.(& $%(&#2U*./(*,/#.(&.#.&U#+6%2.%3%.,*$%(B&

(15)

HI&

eQ&Tc&TR@[5R8\Ri5Q&c5&8QsR8NQ&

&

<.=>3?.=!@AB/-@?C=! ! T%&$*.U*U%&O%+,&h,2%&"#.(/'-2-&"#33%&$%&2%1$%,&'%&.#,2%&O%2"%O,/#.&'+&3#.'%;& 3*/(& /$& "#.(,/,+%& -U*$%3%.,& +.& -$-3%.,& O+/((*.,& V+/& (,2+",+2%& .#,2%& O%.(-%B& e*.(& $%& $*.U*U%;& /$& .aA& *& O*(& V+%& '%(& 3#,(& #+& '%(& 2-1-2%.,(& d& $#2(V+%& .#+(& O*2$#.(;& .#+(& /.'+/(#.(& '%(& 6*$%+2(;& '%(& *OO2-"/*,/#.(;& '%(& 2%O2-(%.,*,/#.(& #+& %."#2%& '%(& (,-2-#,AO%(B& @#,*33%.,& '%O+/(& $%& s<RRb3%& (/b"$%;& $#2(V+%& $ac"*'-3/%& 12*.W*/(%& 1+,& "2--%&*1/.&'a%."*'2%2&$*&$*.U+%&12*.W*/(%&O*2&'%(&.#23%(&'*.(&+.&9+,&#11/"/%$&'a+./1/"*,/#.& '+&O*A(;&$%&(%K/(3%&2-(/'%;&%.,2%&*+,2%(;&'*.(&$%&$*.U*U%B&P#33%&.#+(&$a*6#.(&*OO2/(& 'b(& $*& O%,/,%& %.1*."%;& $*& 2bU$%& U2*33*,/"*$%& %.& 3*,/b2%& 'a*""#2'& %(,& $*& (+/6*.,%& C& $%& 3*("+$/.& $a%3O#2,%& ,#+_#+2(& (+2& $%& 1-3/./.;& %,& "%$*;& (*.(& %K"%O,/#.B& e%(& 2bU$%(& U2*33*,/"*$%(& `& $*& 3*("+$/./(*,/#.& '%(& .#3(& '%& 3-,/%2(;& 1#.",/#.(;& ,/,2%(& %,& U2*'%(;& $#2(V+a/$(&(#.,&O2%(,/U/%+K;&%.&O*((*.,&O*2&$%(&%KO2%((/#.(&%,&/.(+$,%(&`&"*2*",b2%&(%K/(,%& %,^#+&(%K+%$;&$%&$*.U*U%&(%K/(,%&%(,&1#2,%3%.,&*."2-&'*.(&$%&$*.U*U%&"#+2*.,B&c/.(/;&'%& .#392%+(%(& 2%O2-(%.,*,/#.(& (%K/(,%(& (#.,& 6-)/"+$-%(;& %,& O*2,/"/O%.,& `& $*& "#.(,2+",/#.& '%(&2*OO#2,(&(#"/*+K&%,&O%2"%O,/#.(&'%&$*&(#"/-,-B&P%(&-$-3%.,(&(,2+",+2*.,&$*&O%.(-%& #.,&O#+2&"#.(-V+%."%&'%&O%2O-,+%2&$%(&(,-2-#,AO%(&%,&$%(&/.-U*$/,-(&%.,2%&$%(&1%33%(& %,& $%(& )#33%(B& 6H! UH,HG3CH-3/,! 01! GH,IHI=! C=J3C-=! BH.-323B=! 0/,2! ^! GH! B.K2H.3-K! C/23HG=!0=C!M=>>=C;!^!G=1.!@AB=.C=J1HG3CH-3/,;!H1J!T3/G=,2=C!L13!G=1.!C/,-!MH3-=C;! =-!H1J!03C2.3>3,H-3/,C!0=!I=,.=]!& & & &F! 6#!6+'7+7#!)#:&)(#! & &

Q.& r2*."%;& $%& $*.U*U%& (%K/(,%& %(,& $*& .#23%B& r2+/,& 'a+.%& 6#$#.,-& O#$/,/V+%& '+& s<RRb3%& (/b"$%;& /$& 1+,& "#.(%26-;& 6-)/"+$*.,& +.%& '#3/.*,/#.& 3*("+$/.%& '*.(& $%(& 2%O2-(%.,*,/#.(B& T%(& 2bU$%(& (%K/(,%(& '+& $*.U*U%& #.,& '%& $#+2'%(& "#.(-V+%."%(& O+/(V+a%$$%(&(,2+",+2%.,&$*&O%.(-%&%,&O*2,/"/O%.,&`&$*&"#.(,2+",/#.&'%&$a/3*U%&(#"/*$%&'%(& 1%33%(B&P%O%.'*.,;&/$&%K/(,%&'%(&"#'%(&*$,%2.*,/1(&`&"%&$*.U*U%B&& & & D]! 91O=C-P2=!L1=!G=!GH,IHI=!C=J3C-=!\! !

T%(& 2bU$%(& U2*33*,/"*$%(& 12*.W*/(%(& 2%O#(%.,& (+2& $*& 2bU$%& '%& $*& '#3/.*,/#.& 3*("+$/.%;& 6#+$+%& O*2& $ac"*'-3/%& 12*.W*/(%& *+& s<RRb3%& (/b"$%& %,& "#.(%26-%& '%O+/(B& ea*+,2%& O*2,;& $*& 3*("+$/./(*,/#.& '%(& .#3(& '%& 3-,/%2(;& 1#.",/#.(;& ,/,2%(& %,& U2*'%(;&

(16)

HL& -U*$%3%.,& (#+)*/,-%& O*2& $a/.(,/,+,/#.& `& O*2,/2& '%& HJEL;& 1*/,& %."#2%& '-9*,& *+_#+2'a)+/B& Q.1/.;& 'a*+,2%(& "*2*",-2/(,/V+%(& 'a+.& $*.U*U%& (%K/(,%& 2-(/'%.,& ,#+_#+2(& '*.(& $*& $*.U+%& 12*.W*/(%;&`&$a/3*U%&'%(&%KO2%((/#.(&%,&/.(+$,%(&`&"*2*",b2%&(%K/(,%&%,^#+&(%K+%$B& & *G& T*&2bU$%&#2,)#U2*O)/V+%&C&k&$%&3*("+$/.&$a%3O#2,%&(+2&$%&1-3/./.&l& & k&<H.2=!L1=!G=!I=,.=!>HC21G3,!=C-!G=!BG1C!,/UG=;!3G!B.KTH1-!C=1G!2/,-.=!0=1J! /1!BG1C3=1.C!MK>3,3,C;!L1/3L1O3GC!C/3=,-!BG1C!B./2@=C!0=!G=1.!H0[=2-3M&lL;&e+O$%/KB& Q.&r2*."%;&$%&(/3O$%&3#,&;-44)%%(,&U-.-2*,%+2&'a*39/U{/,-&"*2&/$&%(,&O$+2/6#V+%&d& %.&%11%,;&/$&'-(/U.%&,#+,&*+,*.,&$%&(%K%&3*("+$/.&V+%&$%&U%.2%&)+3*/.;&/."$+*.,&$%(&1%33%(& (*.(&2-%$$%3%.,&$%(&/."$+2%B&P%$*&(/U./1/%&V+%&$a)#33%&%(,&O*2&'-1/./,/#.&$ah,2%&)+3*/.;&%,& $*& 1%33%;& %$$%;& %(,& $a%K"%O,/#.B& e*.(& $*& $*.U+%& 12*.W*/(%;& $*& 2bU$%& %,& $a+(*U%& 6#/%.,& $%& 3*("+$/.&O2%.'2%&$%&'%((+(;&6#/2%&*9(#29%2&$%&1-3/./.B&eb(&$%&O$+(&_%+.%&yU%;&$%(&-"#$/%24 %4(& *OO2%..%.,& V+%& $%& 3*("+$/.& $a%3O#2,%& ,#+_#+2(& (+2& $%& 1-3/./.;& 'a+.& O#/.,& '%& 6+%& U2*33*,/"*$B&P%,,%&2bU$%&.%&1*/,&*+"+.%&%K"%O,/#.&'*.(&$*&$*.U+%&12*.W*/(%;&%,&%(,&$%&12+/,& 'a+.%&-6#$+,/#.&$/.U+/(,/V+%&*29/,2*/2%B& f+(V+a*+&s<Rb3%&(/b"$%;&/$&-,*/,&'a+(*U%&'a*""#2'%2&%.&U%.2%&%,&.#392%&$%(&3#,(& F*'_%",/1;&O*2,/"/O%&O*((-&%,&6%29%G&(%$#.&'%(&2bU$%(&'%&O2#K/3/,-;&'%&6#/(/.*U%&#+&%."#2%& '%&"#.,/U+|,-B&7*2&%K%3O$%;&$*&,#+2.+2%&k&$%(&)#33%(&%,&$%(&1%33%(&(#.,&9%$$%(&l&-,*/,& "#22%",%B&P%,,%&2bU$%&-,*/,&*$#2(&"#+2*33%.,&*OO$/V+-%B&Pa%(,&'#."&*+&s<RRb3%&(/b"$%& V+%&$%(&2bU$%(&U2*33*,/"*$%(&1+2%.,&*,,*V+-%(B&8#+(&$a/3O+$(/#.&'%&X/")%$/%+;&%,&'*.(& +.&(#+"/&'a+./1/"*,/#.&'+&,%22/,#/2%&12*.W*/(&O*2&$*&$*.U+%;&$ac"*'-3/%&12*.W*/(%&%(,&"2--%& %.&HJELB&Q$$%&*&O#+2&3/((/#.&#11/"/%$$%&'%&(/3O$/1/%2&$*&$*.U+%&12*.W*/(%&%,&'%&"2-%2;&*/.(/;& +.&'/",/#..*/2%&.*,/#.*$&d&3*/(&(*&3/((/#.&%(,&%.&2-*$/,-&O$+(&$*2U%&O+/(V+a%$$%&"#.,/%.,& '%(& %._%+K& `& "*2*",b2%& ,2b(& O#$/,/V+%B& Q.& %11%,;& "%,,%& 3/((/#.& $/.U+/(,/V+%& %(,& +.%& '-"$/.*/(#.&'%&"%&V+%&$%(&3*("+$/./(,%(&*OO%$$%.,&k&$%(&O2#U2b(&'%&$a#2'2%&.*,+2%$&l;&.#+(& O*2$#.(&/"/&'%&$a#2'2%&3*("+$/.B&P%,&#2'2%&2%.6#/%&`&$*&'#3/.*,/#.&'%(&)#33%(&(+2&$%(& 1%33%(;& %,& `& $*& $/3/,*,/#.& '+& O#+6#/2& '%(& 1%33%(B& u& "%,,%& -O#V+%;& $%(& 1%33%(& "#33%."%.,& `& #""+O%2& $a%(O*"%& O+9$/"& %,& O#$/,/V+%;& `& $a/3*U%& '%& 2%/.%(& 2-U%.,%(;& U#+6%2.*.,%(& %,& 1%33%(& 'a!,*,& "#33%& N*2/%& '%& N-'/"/(;& P*,)%2/.%& '%& N-'/"/(& #+& %."#2%& c..%& 'ac+,2/")%B& ea*+,2%(& 1%33%(;& .#,*33%.,& '%(& 1%33%(& '%& $%,,2%(;& "#33%."%.,&`&#""+O%2&$%&,%22*/.&/.,%$$%",+%$&-$/,/(,%&V+%&$%(&3*("+$/./(,%(&(a%11#2"%.,&`& "#.(%26%2;&"#33%&N*'*3%&'%&T*&r*A%,,%&#+&%."#2%&N*'*3%&'%&8-6/U.-B&P#.(/'-2*.,& "%,,%&(/,+*,/#.&"#33%&+.&'*.U%2&O#+2&$*&(+O2-3*,/%&3*("+$/.%;&/$&1*$$*/,&'#."&$/3/,%2&"%,,%& & %e57TQRs;&8"/O/#.;%7,D)*(@%5)%.+%.+'<6)%?*+'G-,:)%5+':%:+%06*)(@;&7*2/(;&Q'/,/#.(&Z-")%,;&HJLH%

(17)

HJ& %KO*.(/#.&'%&$a/.1$+%."%&'%(&1%33%(B&Ta%._%+&-,*/,&/"/&'a*,,*V+%2&$*&O#(/,/#.&(#"/*$%&'%(& 1%33%(& *1/.& '%& "#.(%26%2& $*& (+O2-3*,/%& '%(& )#33%(& "*,)#$/V+%(;& .#,*33%.,& 6/*& $*& 3/(%&%.&O$*"%&"#."2b,%&'%&$*&$#/&(*$/V+%&%,&$a%K"$+(/#.&'%(&1%33%(&'%&$a-$/,%B&&

Pa%(,& '#."& '*.(& "%& "#.,%K,%& V+%& $%(& /.,%$$%",+%$(& %,& /.(,/,+,/#.(;& ,%$$%& V+%& $ac"*'-3/%& 12*.W*/(%;& (a*,,*V+%.,& `& $*& O#(/,/#.& (#"/*$%& '%(& 1%33%(& O*2& $%& 9/*/(& '%& $*& $/.U+/(,/V+%B&N*$)%29%&%,&<*+U%$*(;&.#,*33%.,;&O2%..%.,&O*2,&`&"%&.#+6%*+&"#39*,;&*+& '-9+,& '+& s<RRb3%& (/b"$%;& %.& 2*/(#.& '%& $*& O$+(& U2*.'%& .#9$%((%& 2-(%26-%& *+& U%.2%& 3*("+$/.B& N*$)%29%;& O*2,/"+$/b2%3%.,;& %.,%.'& k& .%,,#A%2& $*& $*.U+%& 12*.W*/(%& '%(&

/3O+2%,-(& l& %,& k& A& 1*/2%& 2-U.%2& $a#2'2%& lJ;& 1*/(*.,& 2-1-2%."%& *+& ,2*6*/$& -U*$/,*2/(,%& '%&

e%(O#2,%(;& V+%$V+%(& *..-%(& O$+(& ,m,B& Q.& H:J:;& $%& U2*33*/2/%.& @/"#$*(& Z%*+g-%& /.(/(,%2*&-U*$%3%.,&(+2&"%,&*(O%",&%.&'-"$*2*.,&V+%&k&$%&U%.2%&3*("+$/.&%(,&2-O+,-&O$+(&

.#9$%& V+%& $%& 1-3/./.;& `& "*+(%& '%& $*& (+O-2/#2/,-& '+& 3y$%& (+2& $*& 1%3%$$%& l:B& c/.(/;& $%(&

'/11-2%.,%(&/.,%26%.,/#.(&%,&3%(+2%(&'%&"%,,%&-O#V+%&O2/(%(&(+2&$*&$*.U+%&12*.W*/(%&(#.,& *."2-%(&'*.(&+.&%11#2,&'%&3*("+$/./(*,/#.&'%&$*&$*.U+%&12*.W*/(%&%,&6/%..%.,&*."2%2&$*& '#3/.*,/#.&3*("+$/.%&'*.(&$%&$*.U*U%B&

Pa%(,& (+2& "%,,%& "#.(,2+",/#.& %,& O-2%../(*,/#.& '%& 2bU$%(& $/.U+/(,/V+%(& %,& $*.U*U/b2%(& V+%& (a%(,& 1#.'-& .#,2%& $*.U*U%& "#+2*.,B& c+_#+2'a)+/;& '*.(& $*& U2*33*/2%& 12*.W*/(%;& $%& 3*("+$/.& $a%3O#2,%& (+2& $%& 1-3/./.B& P%$*& 6%+,& '/2%& V+%& 3h3%& *6%"& +.%& 3*_#2/,-&'%&1%33%(&#+&'%&1-3/./.(;&$*&O2-(%."%&'a+.&)#33%&#+&'a+.&3*("+$/.&'#..%& (+/,%&`&+.&*""#2'&'+&U%.2%&3*("+$/.B&R$&%.&%(,&'%&3h3%&O#+2&$*&V+%(,/#.&'%(&O2#.#3(& F(+_%,(&%,&*,,2/9+,(G;&O#+2&$%(V+%$(&$%&3*("+$/.&$a%3O#2,%&-U*$%3%.,&%,&*OO*2*w,&"#33%&$*& ,#+2.+2%&<@'@*,C6)B&Ta%3O$#/&U-.-2*$/(-&'+&U%.2%&3*("+$/.&%(,&'#."&.#.&3*2V+-;&'*.(& $%(&2bU$%(&U2*33*,/"*$%(&%,&#2,)#U2*O)/V+%(&12*.W*/(%(&d&/$&2%O2-(%.,%&$%&U%.2%&.%+,2%;& '#.,&$%&(+_%,&.a%(,&O*(&+./V+%3%.,&$a)#33%&3*/(&$ah,2%&)+3*/.B&@-*.3#/.(;&"%,,%&2bU$%& (*.(&%K"%O,/#.&(/U./1/%&V+%&$%&1-3/./.&O%+,&h,2%&/."$+(&'*.(&$%&3*("+$/.;&"%&V+/&$%&2%.'& /.6/(/9$%B&T%&U%.2%&1-3/./.;&V+/&%(,&O%+&k&6/(/9$%&l&,*.,&`&$a-"2/,&V+a`&$a-"#+,%;&O2#6#V+%&+.& 3*.V+%&'%&6/(/9/$/,-&'%(&1%33%(&'*.(&$*&(#"/-,-B&T%&$*.U*U%&2%1$b,%&.#(&O%2"%O,/#.(&'%& $*&(#"/-,-;&3*/(&(+2,#+,;&/$&"#.,2/9+%&`&O-2%../(%2&$%(&"#.(,2+/,(&(#"/*+K&%K/(,*.,(&%,&$%(& (,-2-#,AO%(B&7*2&"%&9/*/(;&/$&1*W#..%&$a/3*U/.*/2%&%,&$a/."#.("/%.,B& & & ' %<RQ@@S\;%Q$/*.%;&H-'I%.)%4+:26.,'%')%.J)40-*()%0+:%:6*%.)%?@4,','%A;&7*2/(;&Q'/,/#.(&Rs%;&>?HI;& OB&Eo% ( %ZQc5x!Q;&@/"#$*(;&B*+44+,*)%<@'@*+.)%K%-6%)F0-:,(,-'%*+,:-''@)%5):%@.@4)'(:%'@2)::+,*):% 56%.+'<+<)I%0-6*%:)*9,*%5)%?-'5)4)'(%L%.J@(65)%5)%(-6():%.):%.+'<6):;&<#$+3%&H;&7*2/(;& Ta/3O2/3%2/%&'%&fB&Z*29#+;&H:J:%

(18)

H:& 9G& e%(&O2#1%((/#.(&%,&'%(&1#.",/#.(&U%.2-%(&

P#33%&'/,&O2-"-'%33%.,;&$%&$*.U*U%&%(,&+.&-$-3%.,&O+/((*.,&'*.(&$*&1#23*,/#.& '%&$*&O%.(-%B&T%&$*.U*U%&V+/&/.,bU2%&O%+&$%(&1%33%(&*+2*&O#+2&"#.(-V+%."%&+.&3*.V+%& 'a/.,-U2*,/#.& '%(& 1%33%(& '*.(& $*& (#"/-,-B& @%& O*(& *6#/2& $*& O#((/9/$/,-& '%& '/2%& V+%$V+%& ")#(%&*+&1-3/./.&(/U./1/%&+.&3*.V+%&'a*""b(&'%(&1%33%(&`&"%,,%&")#(%B&Q.&12*.W*/(;&$%& 3*("+$/.&O%+,&"#.(,/,+%2&$%&U%.2%&U-.-2/V+%&%,&O%+,&2%O2-(%.,%2&+.&U2#+O%&'a/.'/6/'+(& '%(& '%+K& (%K%(B& P%,& %3O$#/& '+& 3*("+$/.& "#33%& U%.2%& U-.-2/V+%& O*2,/"/O%& `& $*& (#+(,2*",/#.&'%(&1%33%(&`&$*&("b.%&O+9$/V+%&%,&%.U%.'2%&'%&.#392%+(%(&2-(/(,*."%(& O(A")#$#U/V+%(B& c+4'%$`& '%& $*& U2*33*/2%;& "%,,%& 1#23+$*,/#.& O2-(%.,%& '#."& +.%& 2-%$$%& O2#9$-3*,/V+%&(#"/#$/.U+/(,/V+%&$/-%&`&$*&2%O2-(%.,*,/#.&'%(&1%33%(&'*.(&$*&(#"/-,-B&

P#33%& .#+(& $%& '/(/#.(& O2-"-'%33%.,;& %.& HJEI;& X/")%$/%+& '-"/'%& 'a+./1/%2& $%& ,%22/,#/2%& O*2& $*& $*.U+%& $#2(& '%(& .#+6%$$%(& "#.V+h,%(& ,%22/,#2/*$%(;& %,& "2-%& O#+2& "%$*& $ac"*'-3/%& 12*.W*/(%& %.& HJEL;& `& V+/& $a#.& "#.1/%& $*& 3/((/#.& 'a-$*9#2%2& +.& '/",/#..*/2%& .*,/#.*$B&7#+2&Q$/*.%&</%..#,;&O2#1%((%+2%&'%&$/,,-2*,+2%&12*.W*/(%&'%&$*&X%.*/((*."%&%,& 3%392%& '%& $aR.(,/,+,& +./6%2(/,*/2%& '%& r2*."%;& "a%(,& "%$*& V+/& %KO$/V+%& k& $a*3O$%+2& '%(& "#.,2#6%2(%(& (+2& $*& $*.U+%& V+/& ("*.'%.,& $%& '-9*,& /.,%$$%",+%$& 12*.W*/(& *+& s<RRb3%&

(/b"$%&loB&T*&3*("+$/./(*,/#.&/.,bU2%&2*O/'%3%.,&$*&2-1#23%&'%&$*&$*.U+%;&.#,*33%.,&(+2& $*&V+%(,/#.&'%(&.#3(&'%&3-,/%2(&%,&1#.",/#.(&O2%(,/U/%+(%(B&Pa%(,&(+2&"%,,%&V+%(,/#.&V+%& $%&,2*6*/$&'%(&O+2/(,%(&%(,&$%&O$+(&6/(/9$%B&T*&$*.U+%&12*.W*/(%&1+,&-V+/,*9$%&_+(V+a`&"%&V+%& $ac"*'-3/%&12*.W*/(%&'-"/'%;&*+&"#+2(&'+&s<RRb3%&(/b"$%;&'%&1*/2%&'/(O*2*w,2%&$*&V+*(/4 ,#,*$/,-&'%(&.#3(&1-3/./.(&'%&O2#1%((/#.;&*$#2(&V+%&$%+2&U%.2%&'-O%.'*/,&_+(V+%4$`&'+& (%K%&'%(&O%2(#..%(&V+/&$%(&%K%2W*/%.,B&u&"%,,%&-O#V+%;&.#+(&O#+6/#.(&O*2$%2&'a+6(*,2)I%

+00*)'(,::)I% 2.)*<)::)I% 5-40()*)::)& #+& %."#2%& '%& 0),'(*)::)B& ea*/$$%+2(;& $*& 2bU$%&

'#..*/,& O2%(V+%& (A(,-3*,/V+%3%.,& '%(& .#3(& 1-3/./.(& "#22%(O#.'*.,& *+K& .#3(& 3*("+$/.(&d&$%(&.#3(&%.&)6*&*6*/%.,&,%.'*."%&`&1*/2%&$%+2&1-3/./.&%.&)*)::)%F(*+6%+2;& (*+6%2%((%G;&%.&)6:);&#+&%."#2%&%.&*,2)B&P%&1+,&'#."&+.&")#/K&O#$/,/V+%&'a%.$%6%2&`&$*& $*.U+%&12*.W*/(%&"%(&.#3(&%,&,/,2%(;&")#/K&_+(,/1/-&%,&$-U/,/3/,-&O*2&$*&3/(%&%.&O$*"%&'%& 2bU$%(&O-2%..%(&O*2&$%(&/.(,/,+,/#.(B&T%&Z%(")%2%$$%;&'a*/$$%+2(;&%KO$/V+%&V+%&k&$a*."/%..%& U2*33*/2%&*6*/,&*'3/(&"%,,%&6-2/,-;&%.&$+/&'#..*.,&"%,,%&1#23%&(/&"#..+%&C&$%&3*("+$/.& %(,&O$+(&.#9$%&V+%&$%&1-3/./.&lB&5.&%K%3O$%&,2b(&O*2$*.,&%(,&"%$+/&'+&,%23%&+6(*,2)B&T%& .#3& +6(*,2);& $-U/,/3%& "*2& 6%.+& '/2%",%3%.,& '+& $*,/.& *+",2/K;& "#33%."%& `& ")#V+%2& (%(& $#"+,%+2(&*+&s<RRb3%&(/b"$%&d&/$&1*/,&O*2,/%&'%(&3#,(&V+/&1#.,&$%&O$+(&'-9*,;&*$#2(&V+%&$a#.& "#33%."%&`&6#/2&(%&3+$,/O$/%2&$%(&1%33%(&'%&$%,,2%&*A*.,&'%&$a/.1$+%."%B&Pa%(,&*$#2(&V+%& $*&1#23+$*,/#.&O$-#.*(,/V+%&k&1%33%&*+,2/"%&l&(a/3O#(%;&6%.*.,&(#+$/U.%2&k&$*&'/11/"+$,-& ) %<RQ@@S\;%Q$/*.%;&H-'I%.)%4+:26.,'%')%.J)40-*()%0+:%:6*%.)%?@4,','A;&7*2/(;&Q'/,/#.(&Rs%;&>?HI%

Références

Documents relatifs

La raison la plus profonde de cette lenteur dans le changement tient au caractère arbitraire des signes (cf. Chapitre Saussure) , c'est à dire au fait qu'il n'y a aucun lien

On pourrait ajouter que la centralité de l’État dans la tradition française, avec son ingé- rence dans les affaires littéraires et sa façon d’incarner la raison et la

1.1 Le Conseil d’Etat recommande que tous les textes émanant de l’administration soient rédigés dans un langage conforme au principe de l’égalité des sexes; cette

Cette nouvelle logique est conçue pour mener des raisonnements sous forme de calculs et remédier aux imperfections du langage ordinaire (Paul Egré, 2005).

Nous voyons d’emblée que la comparaison entre lettres de l’alphabet et les symboles chimiques/atome/élément relève bien de l’analogie selon Gentner, en ce qu’elle se

Le sentiment de la langue apparaît alors dans cette relation même et il faut peser comment elle peut être diversement envisagée, comme conscience ou inconscience par les sujets de

Il fallait gérer l’héritage, car la situation de bilinguisme était alors largement en faveur de la langue française, l’arabe n’ayant pas encore eu le temps de se développer,

Ainsi, l’usage de plus en plus fréquent qui consiste à ne plus faire l’accord du participe passé employé avec avoir, même si son support le précède, pro- voque une