Un procédé de validation des métamodèles par les métadonnées

HAL Id: hal-01448494

https://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01448494

Submitted on 28 Jan 2017

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access

archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Un procédé de validation des métamodèles par les

métadonnées

Alain Plantec, Vincent Ribaud

To cite this version:

Alain Plantec, Vincent Ribaud. Un procédé de validation des métamodèles par les métadonnées. Premières journées sur l’ingénierie dirigée par les modèles, Jun 2005, Paris, France. �hal-01448494�

! "#$%&'& '( )*+,'*-,$! '(.

/&-*/$'0+(. "*# +(. /&-*'$!!&(.

!"#$ %!"$&'() *#$('$& +#,"-.

!"##"$ %&'()$ *+,-./0,12 3. 4/.156+. 788,3.+159.$ ):': ;"#"<$ =;="# 4/.01 ).3.> " ?595,+:@95+1.8$-,+8.+1:/,A5B3CDB+,-EA/.01:F/

!"#$!

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

!"#$%&'(#)%"

!"# $% &'(!)"% &% $! *%#+)'" &%# &'"",%#- $%# ('&.$%# #'"+ ,$!/'0,# 1!0 232$% &% 2'"2%1+)'"4 ()#% %" 5670%8 9" ('&.$% %#+ 2'"#)&,0, 2'((% 1%0+)"%"+ #) #! ()#% %" 5670% 1%0(%+ &% *,0%0 2'00%2+%(%"+ $%# &'"",%# &6 &'(!)"%8 :) 2% ";%#+ 1!# $% 2!#- $% ('&.$% ,7'$6% 16)# #! ()#% %" 5670% <6#=6;> 2% =6% $! *%#+)'" &%# &'"",%# #')+ <6*,% #%"#,% 1!0 6" ?!()$)%0 &6 &'(!)"%8

@% 1')"+ &% 76% &'()"!"+ #60 $! (!").0% &;,$!/'0%0 &%# (,+!('&.$%# 0%10'&6)+ 2%$6) %(1$'3, 1'60 &%# ('&.$%# A )$ ?!6+ (%++0% %" 5670% $%# (,+!('&.$%# &!"# &%# '6+)$# %+ %B1,0)(%"+%0 &%# ('&.$%# 1'60 7!$)&%0 $%# (,+!('&.$%#8

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

*4!/G+,1 FGHI %#+ 6" %"7)0'""%(%"+ ';,&!H FGJI &% ('&,$)#!+)'" %+ &% +0!"#?'0(!+)'" )"+,4 *0!"+ 6" #'2$% +%2C"'$'*)=6% '()*8 K$ %#+ C)#+'0)=6%(%"+ )##6 &;6"% 2'"7%"+)'" 7IJK) %"+0% $;LMN %+ $! #'2),+, (E!4&1OI' FGLI8

M!2% > $! =6%#+)'" &%# (,+C'&%# %+ '6+)$# &% (,+!('&,$)#!+)'"- "'6# 0,1'"&'"# !7%2 $;!14 10'2C% '()* A $% 10'2,&, &% 2'"#+062+)'" &;6" (,+!('&.$% %#+ ?'0+%(%"+ 2'61$, > $! &)#1'")4 /)$)+, &% ('&.$%# 7!$)&%# %+ #%"#,#8 E;%#+ $;%B)#+%"2% &% 2%# ('&.$%# &!"# $% (,+!4%"7)0'""%(%"+

!" #$%&$' ($ %)*+$% ,$ &-')&.(/,$0 1$' )%'"2,$ #%-3$+'$ !+ '$, #%.2-(- ($ &-')&.(-,"3)'".+0 4.+ .%"5"+),"'- $3' ($ #%$+(%$ $+ 2.+3"(-%)'".+ +.+ 3$!,$&$+' ,$ 6$3."+ (7!+ $+8"%.++$&$+' #.!% 5-%$% ,$3 &-')(.++-$3 &)"3 )!33" (7"+'-5%$% !+$ (-&)%29$ "+2%-&$+'),$ 9)6"'!$,,$ ()+3 ,$ 2)(%$ ($ ,) 3#-2":2)'".+ ($ &.(/,$3 2.&#,$;$30

!" #$%&' !"#

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

!" #$ %&'(&($ !"# $$

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

";#<" )!'.%"3$ ,79-%"')5$ &!,'"#,$ =,$3 )&6"5!"'-3 3.+' %-5,-$3 #)% "+("2)'".+ (! 29$&"+ (7)22/3 )!; )''%"6!'3B $' ,) %-!'","3)'".+ $+'%$ 329-&)30 <) :5!%$ U &.+'%$ ($3 $;$&#,$3 (7$+'"'-3 $' ($3 "+3')+2$3 2.%%$3#.+()+'$3 )! ?.%&)' !"#0

! #& )*+,-.$ $% "

!"# )##.%'$ +.+ 3$!,$&$+' !+$ '$29+.,.5"$ #.!% ,) &.(-,"3)'".+ $' ,7-29)+5$ ($3 (.+M +-$3 &)"3 )!33" !+$ &-'9.($ ($ &.(-,"3)'".+0 @+ $V$'C !+$ ($ 3$3 3#-2":2"'-3 "&#.%')+'$3

!"#"$ !"#$%&!'()*&'# %&'"$( )* + )*&'# , **".&'!#$% / +#%" 0 1 / 2 3 )* , -+-. ,#/

.&4 / .&4$'%&*'( *5'# /6 .&4$'%&*'(*7 + % +* , !.0

!"#"$ .&"$ #&*' %&'"$( )* + 8$*4$#"& ("$)"$%$'#!#&*'(&#$4 , -.&"$ #&*'("!#&*% / +#%" 0 9 / 2 3 )* ,

-+-12 ,

:"1 / +%#3 )*+4& ,$+ #4) ;∗ .&"$ #&*'("!#&*% < +#4) ;= >,,, = !.0

!"#"$ !?&%9()@! $4$'#(2. %&'"$( )* +8$*4$#"& ("$)"$%$'#!#&*'(&#$4, -@* !#&*' /

!"#$%&!'()*&'#-!?&% / )("#)!-+ .&"$

"$7(.&"$ #&*' / )("#)!-+ .&"$ #&*'-. ,#/

) / +#%" 02/23 )* .&"$ #&*' /6 A5&@.(!?$%+!?&% B "$7(.&"$ #&*', -12 ,

:"1 / +% +*C)@! $4$'#D @* !#&*'D .&4 6 2,-:"9 / ++!)" 5#%"% +!?&%,, ), +!?&%D .&4 6

:"2 / ++!)" 5#%"% +"$7(.&"$ #&*',, ), +"$7(.&"$ #&*'D .&4 6 2,,-:"E / ++!)" 5#%"% +!?&%,, ), +!)" 5#%"% +"$7(.&"$ #&*',, ),

+ "*%%()"*.5 # +!?&% B "$7(.&"$ #&*', D 4!8'&#5.$ = !.0

!"#"$-F1>>16.#, 6"#)!+ !"#$ B+1D> B>D> B>D>,,-F1>G>6.#, 6"#)!+ !"#$% B+>D> B>D>

B1D>,,-F1>G266-," %#-!0()#!"+ &'$( B+>DHG B>DG B −>D9G,,-F1>GE6-5#%70(+-6 8 !"09.+ )'*

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

"#$ %&'($)*+"+ ,- (.$'.( %&'(#$-(/" -0 ('1"-0 2.%),'#-$'.(3 4 $.0$ #/5)2- !"# $$ /.++"#6 7.(% 0( ,-(*-*" %&'(#$-(/'-$'.( 1-,'%"3 8&'($"+7+)$-$'.( %&0( #/5)2-9 #- #)2-($':0" %-(# 0( /.($";$" 7+)/'#9 "#$ %.(()" 7-+ 0( "(#"2<," %&'(#$-(/"# /.(#'%)+)"# /.22" 1-,'%"# #' $.0$"# ,"# /.($+-'($"# =$>7"#9 /-+%'(-,'$)#9 +?*,"# %&.7$'.(-,'$)9 +?*,"# %&'($)*+'$) ,./-,"# "$ *,.<-,"#@ #.($ 1-,'%)"#3

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

!" !"## $% &%$'(%)'*" $%&'()$% !) *+,-(+-,%$$% ! +%,,*+)! ('+!-)!.!") / $01&%$2%)'*" %2)*.%3 )'42! (! +56$! (! -71.% %$*+ 42! $% &%$'(%)'*" *./)0+'1-% ! ) ,$2 $! 8%') (! $0!9,!+) 42' 1&%$2! $% -*"8*+.')1 (! (*""1! &' / &' (! +56$! (2 (*.%'"!: ;" -71.% ! ) (1-$%+1 &%$'(! ,%+ +%,,*+) %29 '")!+,+1)%)'*" (*""1! ,*2+ (! $*) (0'" )%"-! -*" )')2%") (! <!29 (0! %' )%"(%+( : =$ 0%6') (02"! ('>1+!"-! '.,*+)%")! %&!-# ,%+ !9!.,$! $% "*+.! 234# 42' -*" '(5+! $% &%$'(')1 (! '" )%"-! ,%+ +%,,*+) / 2" *(5./) 234 *2 2"! 6!6 .%' 42' "0'")56+! ,% (! .1)7*(! (! &%$'(%)'*" (! .*(5$! ,%+ $! (*""1! -*..! -0! ) $! -% (%" !"#:

!"#$%&'()&"* #+' ,$)(#"**$+'

!" #$%&'(')&*

!"!" #$%&'()*+,&%'*( ;"! .1)%'"8*+.%)'*"# -*..! ,%+ !9!.,$! 2" -*..!")%'+! (%" $! -*(! *2+-! (02" ,+*3 6+%..! *2 $! )?,! (02"! &%+'%@$!# ,!+.!) (! (1-+'+! (! '"8*+.%)'*" : ;"! .1)%'"8*+.%)'*" ! ) ('>1+!..!") !9,$*')%@$! !$*" $% "%)2+! (! $% 1.%")'42! 420!$$! ,1-'A!: B%" CDEF# G'-7%!$ ; -7*$( (1-+') 42%)+! -%)16*+'! (! 1.%")'42! (%" $! -%(+! (02" H-*")'"22. 1.%")'42!I '$$2 )+1 ,%+ $% A62+! J: (4) (1) (2) (3) Formelle automatisée Informelle explicite

Implicite Formelle documentaire

!"# J K !" #$%&!'()*" +"*' ,'-" (%+.(/('" 012 #( ." #"!# +3-'$ 4&(' .5367"' 85*! /3!#"!#*# (!'".."/'*". 8&!# *! 9-3*+" 8" +"-#3!!"# #&!# -"'-&!#/-(+'(3! #*- &*/*! #*++3-' : *!" #$%&!'()*" (!43-%".." 0;2 "#' "! +.*# -"'-&!#/-('" : "!<! .& #$%&!'()*" +"*' ,'-" "=+.(/('$" 8" %&!(>-" 43-%".." 8&!# *! 6*' 83/*%"!'&(-" 0?2 3* +3*-,'-" "=+.3('$" &*'3%&'()*"%"!' 0@2A !"!- #$%&.*(($/ L*..! (%" CMF# "*2 %,,!$*" .1)%(*""1! 2"! .1)%'"8*+.%)'*" (*") $% 1.%")'42! ! ) ,1-'A1! 8*+.!$$!.!") ,%+ (! +56$! +!$%)'&! / 2"! (*""1! (%" 2" -*")!9)! ,%+)'-2$'!+# -*..! 2" !"&'+*""!.!") (%" 2" -!+)%'" (*.%'"! ,%+ !9!.,$!: N% 1.%")'42! (02"! .1)%(*""1! ,!2) -*.,+!"(+! $% (! -+',)'*" (! -*"-!,) .%"',2$1 (%" $! -*")!9)!# (! -*")+%'")! (! &%$'(')1# (! +56$! (! +!,+1 !")%)'*"# (! )+%" 8*+.%)'*"# (! -*"A62+%)'*" !) (! $% (*-2.!")%)'*" COF: =$ 0%6') (*"- (! 1.%")'42! 8*+.!$$!# (*-2.!")%'+! *2 %2)*.%)' 1!: !"! #$%&,*.$0'1&%'*( ;"! .1)%(*""1! ! ) -%+%-)1+' 1! 8*+.!$$!.!") (%" 2" .*(5$! (! (*""1! %,,!$1 .1)%.*3 (5$!: N% .1)%.*(1$' %)'*" ! ) 2"! %-)'&')1 -*.,$!9! *P $0*" -7!+-7! / -!+"!+ $! -%+%-)1+' )'42! (02" (*.%'"! %2 )+%&!+ (! $% ,+*(2-)'*" (! .1)%.*(5$! CDDF: L!))! (1A"')'*" % (!29 '.,$'3 -%)'*" '.,*+)%")! Q '$ "0? % ,% (! +!,+1 !")%)'*" 2"'42! !) (1A"')'&! (02" (*.%'"! !) 2"! %-)'&')1 (! .1)%.*(1$' %)'*" ! ) )*2<*2+ $'1! / 2" (*.%'"!:

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

!" #$%&'()$*+,&%+(- &./0 1*&%234,

!0!" 12)*+,-.**)/)*& !"#$%&'

!"#$%&' BCDE ',$ -! "#$%&'!()*+!!'"'!$4 5. "'$ '! ?-(*' %- ,')! 23-! ,F,$9"' ()"!!#"!* (+&,"* BCGEH -! '!()*+!!'"'!$ 2' "#$%"+2#.),%$)+! A%,# ,-* .% !+*"' (-. 4 :', "#$%"+& 29.', ,+!$ ,1#6)7#, %('6 ./ 0.((4 I%!, -! "#$%"+29.'H .', '!$)$#, ,1#6)7'!$ .', 6+!6'1$, 2-2+"%)!', J2- .%!@%@'K 0 "+2#.),'*4 :', 6+!$*%)!$', 1*#6),'!$ .'-* ,#"%!$)/-' .+6%.'"'!$ +-@.+A%.'"'!$4 :', $*%!,;+*"%$)+!, ,+!$ '81*)"#', 1%* 2', %$$*)A-$, 2#*)(#, BCLH CME4

!"#$%&' 2),1+,' 23-! %!%.F,'-* ,#"%!$)/-' '$ 23-! )!$'*1*#$'-* 1+-* ./ 0.(( /-) 1'*& "'$$'!$ -!' (%.)2%$)+! %- ,'!, (-. 4 :', (%.)2%$)+!, .'8)6%.', '$ ,$*-6$-*'..', ,+!$ 'N'6$-#', 1%* .3%!%.F,' 2- "#$%"+29.' '$ .3#(%.-%$)+! 2', *9@.',4 O+-* .% (%.)2%$)+! ,#"%!$)/-'H .3'81'*$ 2- 2+"%)!' %!%.F,' .', *#,-.$%$, %- $*%('*, 2' *%11+*$, 23%!%.F,' '$ 2- *#,-.$%$ 2- 6%.6-. 2', %$$*)A-$, 2#*)(#,4

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

!"#$% !"#$%&'%()*+,-#&'(') .* /#',0/ %* '+%!' ,#+')# ./1.&#./1+/*"#',0/2 %)'/3/+#',0/2 '+%)3#',0/4 4 - #&01#&'(')-#&'(') '*."/-)*5/ 6 '+(&2-&("75) 6 3( ' ./ '+(&2- &("75)- #&01#&'(')-#&'(') &("75)-)*5/ 6 '+(&2-$(5*%) 6 .* /#',0/-0+%5*+, 6 *..3#%&-8(+/%3) 6 .-'(.&%3 &("75)-(&4#+ # (9)/+ 6 '*."/ /.+ &("75) - #&01#&'(')-#&01 !"#$%:;<=>?@ABC#?DEF1 4 :;G=@FHI#?DEF1 4 -:JK=?HLIF1 !"#$%&"'( 21:M<44:M<=NOIPQB1 ()*$ 2:;<2R?R 2 S4 4

-:T<=?HLIF1 !"#$%&"'(+#)&"', 21:TG2:TU44-:TG=NOIPQB1 -)#$(&

2:;<2RVR2:M<4:TU=NOIPQB1 .)/0$ 2:;G2RVR 2 S4

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

"#$ %&&'()*&$ #+,-(.(&#$ /&%0& "100/#$2 10 ,#*& .%-.*-#' .#--#$ "#$ %&&'()*&$ (03#'$#$ #& "/'(3/$ %(0$( 4*# -#$ '/$*-&%&$ "5/3%-*%&(10 "#$ .10&'%(0&#$6

!"! #$%&' &( ')*+,-+,(* .&' /*(0/1.2%&'

7#$ &'%3%*+ %.&*#-$ %*&1*' "* !" '#081'.#0& -#$ ,'/'19%&(3#$ "#$ :1";-#$ #& "#$ :/< &%:1";-#$ #0 -#$ .10$("/'%0& .1::# "#$ .10$&(&*%0&$ %.&(8$ "* ,'1.#$$*$ "# ,'1"*.&(10 "#$ %,,-(.%&(10$6 = .# 0(3#%* "5%)$&'%.&(10 $10& .10$("/'/#$ .1::# %.&(3(&/$ #$$#0&(#--#$2 -% 3/'(>< .%&(10 #& -% &'%0$81':%&(10 "# :1";-#$ ?

! -% 3/'(>.%&(10 .10$($&# #0 -% 3%-("%&(10 "# ';9-#$ 1* .10&'%(0&#$ $,/.(>/#$ "%0$ -# :/&%< :1";-# @

! ,%' -5%,,-(.%&(10 "# ';9-#$ "/>0(#$ "%0$ -# :/&%:1";-# $1*$ -% 81':# "5%&&'()*&$ "/'(3/$2 -% &'%0$81':%&(10 "# :1";-# ,#':#& -% ,'1"*.&(10 "5*0# '/%-($%&(10 A ,%'&(' "#$ :/&%"10< 0/#$ @ *0# '/%-($%&(10 #$& &B,(4*#:#0& *0 %*&'# :1";-# 1* &1*&# 1* ,%'&(# "* .1"# "5*0# %,,-(.%&(106

C# ,-*$2 -% :*-&(,-(.(&/ "#$ 1*&(-$ #& #03('100#:#0&$ #+($&%0&$ (:,-(4*# *0 )#$1(0 "5#03('100#< :#0&$ (0&#'1,/'%)-#$6 7#$ :1";-#$ "1(3#0& ,1*31(' D&'# /.E%09/$6 75/.E%09# "# :1";-# ,'1.;"# $1(& A ,%'&(' "5*0# 81':# $&'*.&*'/# -($()-# F*0 $.E/:% #$%&#'' ,%' #+#:,-#G $1(& A ,%'&(' "#$

!"#$%&&!'( (!)*#+*(!'( ,-& ./0*') !" %- !# 1#) '2' 1+'34 !"!# $%&'()*&)+%* Méta−métamodèle Modèle Métamodèle Méta−métadonnées Métadonnées Données applicatives ₍₀₎ (1) (2) (3) instanciation équivalence

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

7& (' (*"-' $#&( +' /#$)' $8-&' #)/0*"'/"-)' 9 :-#")' &*;'#-2 /% ' /'++' '21+%*"!' 1#) +' !$% <=>? =@4 A% ' +' %&")' +# .B-)' 5? 1%-) /0#:-' &*;'#-? +'( /#)#/"!)*("*:-'( (-*;#&"'( (%&" )!/-))'&"'( C

6 +'( $%&&!'( $8-& &*;'#- n− 1 /%&("*"-'&" -&' *&("#&/*#"*%& $- %$D+' $- &*;'#- n :-* '& (1!/*.' +# (! #&"*:-' E

6 +'( $%&&!'( '" +' %$D+' $8-& F ' &*;'#- n (%&" G(! #&"*:-' '&"H !:-*;#+'&"(4 A%&/'1"-'++' '&"? +8*&"!)F" I%&$# '&"#+ $' +8#)/0*"'/"-)' !$% 1)%;*'&" $'( $*J!)'&"( &*;'#-2 $8#K(")#/"*%& C /0#:-' n $' /'""' #)/0*"'/"-)' 1') '" $' (1!/*.') -& (L("D ' $- &*;'#-n_{− 1 '& (' I%/#+*(#&" (-) /' :-* '(" '(('&"*'+ #- (L("D ' '" '& (8#K(")#L#&" $'( (1!/*./*"!( $'} *(' '& M-;)' /% ' +' +#&B#B' %- +8#)/0*"'/"-)' /*K+' <N@4

!"#$%"&$'( %)* +,&"%'((,)* "-). /#"&012*

!" #$%&'$(&)* '+, -.($')**.+,

O# ;#+*$#"*%& $8-&' !"#$%&&!' '(" +' I)-*" $8-& 1)%/'((-(4 A' 1)%/'((-( $' ;#+*$#"*%& '(" +' I#*" $8-&' *&"')1)!"#"*%& *&I%) '++' %- #-"% #"*(!' (-*;#&" +' /#(? '& )!I!)'&/' #- G/%&"*&-- (! #&"*:-'H 1)!('&"! $#&( +# .B-)' N4 P!-"*+*(#&" +# "') *&%+%B*' ' 1+%L!' $#&( &'()? &%-( $*("*&B-%&( ")%*( &*;'#-2 $' ;#+*$#"*%& C

6 +' &*;'#- *+,-./* /%&/')&' +# ;!)*./#"*%& $' )DB+'( +*!'( #-2 ;#+'-)( ,+' &% $8-&' /+#((' /% '&/' "%-Q%-)( 1#) -&' #Q-(/-+'? %- +' &% K)' $' /#)#/"D)'( $8-& *$'&"*.#&" &' $!1#((' 1#( -&' /')"#*&' "#*++' 1#) '2' 1+'3 E +8#"")*K-" $!)*;! 01*23/4+ /*R$'((%-( '" '& M-;)' +# )DB+' +'2*/#+' *&$*:-#&" +8*&('&(*K*+*"! $' &5" 9 +# /#((' 1%-) +' &% $'( "#K+'( E

!"#$!

!"#$%&' ( )**'+,% '-%!&'. $%&'/ 0 !( )!(*#*+0

!" #$%"&' !"#$!#"%& ()#("*#" !& ()+,)-$.$)#/ !"- *01!"- 23$#.41*$.4 ". !3"54('.&6$!$.4 2"-.*&#-7)*+&.$)#- 8 !& *01!" -.*'(.'*"!!" ($92"--)'- ()#.*&$#. !" #)+ 23'#" .&6!" : ;.*" '#$<'" 8

!(*#*+ 1%2"' . . . ,(#-,!

!"#$%&'0 !( )!(*#*+0

!" #$%"&' '()*!+,#% ()#("*#" !& %4*$=(&.$)# 2" !3&24<'&.$)# 2"- +4.&2)##4"- &'5 *01!"-2' 2)+&$#" 8 : (" #$%"&'/ !& ()>4*"#(" 2"- *4-'!.&.- 234%&!'&.$)# 2"- *01!"- ". 2"- .*&#-9 7)*+&.$)#- ,&* *&,,)*. &' 2)+&$#" "-. "5&+$#4"?

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

!" #$ %&%'()% *% +,)-*,.-/$ (,0 )%1 '2.,3*/$$2%1

E# ./0/ '#" (!4 4.*&#10*" 2)$. *474*"#("* '#" (!4 ,*$+&$*" )' '#$<'"? @)'* -$+,!$="* !3"5"+,!"/ )# #" ()#-$20*" <'" 2"- (!4- +)#)9()!)##" ". )# #" .*&$." ,&- !" (&- 2"- (!4- '#$<'"-? F".." *01!" -3"5,*$+" ,&* !& ()#.*&$#." !)(&!" ($92"--)'- G

!(*#*+ ,3")&$ . . . ./!"!

-!0#%*%-43+'56$/ 1( -43+'56$. *+5&%+7// 2" (2* !0#%*% -43+'56$/ 0 !( )!(*#*+0

F)#-$24*)#- !" (&- 2" .*)$- .&6!"- A/ B/ C? C "-. 24,"#2&#." 2" B %$& '#" (!4 4.*&#10*"/ &$#-$ <'" B %$- : %$- 2" A? D" ()2" ./0 "-. 2)##4 ($92"--)'-?

3"!1*! *14&! 8 - 598 (,54!" 6"#51"+ 7!+ / 0

3"!1*! *14&! : - 59: (,54!" 6"#51"+ 7!+; 598 (,54!" <=>=<=?@=A 8 / 0 3"!1*! *14&! @ - 59@ (,54!" 6"#51"+ 7!+; 59: (,54!" <=>=<=?@=A : / 0

1&)!23# 7)'*#$. '# 42$."'* 2" +4.&2)##4"-? D"- +4.&2)##4"- 2" !3"5"+,!" -)#. ,*4-"#.4"-($92"--)'- G BCDDEAF<G?H#FIJ=- / 0 BCDEF8:K=- ! ;-BCC//0 BCCE@LKMN?- "#! ;BCDD;.F. ; O/ 0 BPDEF8:K=- $ ;-BPC;BPP//0 BPCE@LKMN?- "#$ ;BCDD;.F. ; O/ 0 BPPE@LKMN?- "#! ;BCDD;.>.;BCC/0 BQDEF8:K=- % ;-BQC;BQP//0 BQCE@LKMN?- "#% ;BCDD;.F. ; O/ 0 BQPE@LKMN?- "#$ ;BCDD;.>.;BPC/0

H .)'. +)+"#./ )# ,"'. %4*$="* !& ()#7)*+$.4 2"- +4.&2)##4"- &%"( !" +4.&+)20!"? I"!)# !"-*01!"- "5,*$+4"- ,*4(42"++"#./ (" !). 23$#-.&#(" "-. C'14 %&!$2"? F","#2&#./ )# ,"'. $#.*)2'$*" '# (J(!" 2" 24,"#2&#(" "#.*" (!4-/ ,&* "5"+,!" "# &!.4*&#. !& .&6!" H ,)'* <'3"!!" 24,"#2" 2" !& .&6!" F A()2" ./0 ($92"--)'-B

!"#$ " %!# && !"# '()%#$ $%&%$%'#%( #)

! "#$ %&''!()&*+ ,#- .&+$/%,0$&*( (#$1,*0!( 2

*+,-. /0%1 ! 21*++2*+344) *+3-#5067'1 "#$ 2*+,,28&82*9+4)

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∗ DEF?@ M '+" :;<=>=?@ 1DF? 2 G!H!D@"444 - ,) #'&.$(!#) *(',"1+' :;<=>=?@ 1D@HD@" I DEF?@) G!H!D@" I -#" +* DEF?@4 I %++!# ') !+, ! N!DO<A;B@!C: I -#" +* =;?PQ:) =PBB I =;?PQ:) #'&.!+, !) 1* 1 D@HD@" 1' G!H!D@" 4 "0#' $#"($' 1 A E? H@ 4 ) #!-# G!H!D@" I- G!H!D@" R D@HD@") N!DO<A;B@!C: I- 3(#$4 1 = L∗ D@HD@"8 =;?PQ:H M #51-"-1=8 A;B@!C:4 4 ) $#6# " :; I- !+1'&#51N!DO<A;B@!C:4 "+ 011'&#51N!DO<A;B@!C:4 ) =PBB I- N!DO<A;B@!C:J :; K ) 1* '+" 1 :;<=>=?@ 1=PBB8 ;N:@B2 G!H!D@"44 "0#' $#"($' 1 AE?H @ 4 ) #'&.1*) #'&.$#6# ") $#"($' 1 DBP@ 4 ) #'&.1*) #'&.*(',"1+')

A)';( $*0'&+#%0$&* +! %!00! ';74!B 4, 18'$/%,0$&* $*1,4$+! 4! 4&0 +5$*(0,*%!( %&*($+8'8:

!" #$%&' (' )*&+(*,+-.

3, 1,4$+,0$&* .!0 !* 6!# )4#($!#'( 80,)!( 2 8+$0$&* +!( (%<8.,( C.80,.&+;4!(DB ,*,49(! #$% &'# B %&*(0'#%0$&* +5$*(0,*%!( C.80,+&**8!(DB $*0!')'80,0$&*B )'&+#%0$&* +! ',))&'0( +5,*,> 49(! !0 +! '8(#40,0( +! %,4%#4B ,*,49(! +!( ',))&'0( ),' 45!-)!'0B 81&4#0$&* +!( (%<8.,( !0E&# +!( $*(0,*%!( C%@: /7#'! FD:

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

Analyseur et interpréteur de règles Rapport d’analyse #1024=AssociationRole(...); #1023=Collaboration(...); #1025=AssociationRole(...); #10236=Collaboration(...); SCHEMA Collaboration; ENTITY AssociationRole; END_ENTITY; ENTITY AssociationRole; END_SCHEMA; END_ENTITY; Métamodèle en EXPRESS Métadonnées

Valeurs des attributs non−explicites Rétro−action de l’expert Correction de l’expert !"# ! !"#$ %$ &'#(%')(*+ %'+, !"#$%&' "#$%$&'()*+ ,# !"# $$ -.+/0) &$ 12%%) 32%(4+*34/2% ,)( (35.6$( )4 7+2,*/4 *%) +)7+.()%8 4$4/2% /%4)+%)9 ")( /%(4$%3)( 7)*-)%4 :4+) 32%(4+*/4)( ,) 7&*(/)*+( 6$%/;+)( < ! 7$+ /672+4 ,#*% 035/)+ ,#.35$%=) $% " >

! 7$+ .,/4/2% ,/+)34) ,$%( &#)%-/+2%%)6)%4 ?*/ @2*+%/4 *%) $/,) 6/%/6$&) A &$ ($/(/) > ! 4/+$%4 7$+4/) ,) &#/%4.=+$4/2% ,) "&'()*+, ,$%( $-+.'/B 7$+ ,)( 2*4/&( ,.,/.( 3266) 7$+

)C)67&)B ,)( 3267/&$4)*+( 7+2,*/4( )% 7$+4/) $*426$4/?*)6)%4B ,)( 7$(()+)&&)( ,) 4+$%(8 @2+6$4/2% ,)7*/( ,/D.+)%4( @2+6$4(B ,)( .,/4)*+( 1$(.( (*+ ,)( ,/$&2=*)( > 3)( 2*4/&( 7)+8 6)44)%4 &$ 7+2,*34/2% ,) &24( ,#/%(4$%3)( ()+-$%4 ,) E)*C ,) 4)(4 72*+ &$ -$&/,$4/2% ,)( 6.4$62,;&)(9

"#/%4)+7+.4)*+ 6)4 )% +)&$4/2% &$ +)7+.()%4$4/2% /%4)+%) )4 &)( 6.4$,2%%.)(B /& -.+/0) &$ 32%@2+6/4. ,)( /%(4$%3)(B .-$&*) &)( +;=&)( )4 3$&3*&) &)( -$&)*+( ,)( $44+/1*4( %2%8)C7&/3/4)(9

F% +$772+4 ,#$%$&'() 4+$3) &)( )++)*+( ,) 32%@2+6/4. ,)( /%(4$%3)( 7$+ +$772+4 $*C )%4/4.( )4 @2*+%/4 &) +.(*&4$4 ,)( .-$&*$4/2%( ,)( +;=&)( &23$&)( )4 =&21$&)(9

G 7$+4/+ ,) 3)( +$772+4( )4 +.(*&4$4( ,) 3$&3*&B &#)C7)+4 ,* ,26$/%) +$H%) &)( (35.6$(B &)( +;=&)( )4 &)( 7+23.,*+)( ,) 3$&3*&9 I)44) $34/-/4. ,) +)62,)&$=) (#$77$+)%4) A 3)&&) ,#*% 7+2=+$66)*+ ?*/ +.2+=$%/() (2% 62,;&) ,) ,2%%.)( A 7$+4/+ ,#*%) +)-*) ,) ()( $&=2+/456)( )4 ,) &)*+( +.(*&4$4(9

!"#$%&'("#

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

!"# ! !" #$" %&!&'()" *"+ &*,-"$'+ *" !"#$%&'

"#$%&'()%%$*$%+ !"#$%&' ,-' '%+./($ -%$ *'0$ $% 1-&($ 2$ ()* 23%0 -% 040+.*$ (+&,"-5

!"!#$%&$'

678 95 :$"3%/)-(; <5 :=>'&'%; 3%2 ?5 @($2A5 B)C3(20 D"3+E)(* '%2$D$%2$%F$ G 3 ?H9 )(/3%'I >3+')%5 J% ./0-'1/% /2 324/05"#6/2 ),712/!/8$9 :";"#9 </0/77/9 <"071 =>?=@; KLLM5 6K8 9"3% :()C%5 9% '%+()2-F+')% +) ?)2$" H('&$% 9(FN'+$F+-($ I O3(+ J G ?H9 3%2 +)234#0

040+$*05 N++D GPPCCCI7L 5'Q*5F)*P2$&$")D$(C)(R0P(3+')%3"P"'Q(3(4; 7K <3%-3(4 KLLS5 6M8 ?'/-$" 2$ ?'/-$"; <$3% <)-(23%; 3%2 T$(/$ T3"'FR'5 O(3F+'F3" $UD$('$%F$0 '% +N$ 3DD"'I

F3+')% )E ?H95 J% <$3%I?3(F <=>=,-$"; V$'%('FN V-00*3%%; 3%2 T+$DN$% W))R; $2'+)(0; A<B CDDC ? )1, A26E,F </F,!628 B"28&"8,G </F,! *2862,,06289 B"28&"8,'9 H/27,%#'9 "2F )//!'G I#1 32#,02"#6/2"! H/24,0,27,9 J0,'F,29 K,05"2$9 (,%#,5;,0LM7#/;,0 CDDC9 0/7,,F628'; &)"-*$ KS L )E BNH(; D3/$0 7KX!7MY5 TD('%/$(; KLLK5

!" #$%& '()*+, -*./0 1234%/5, 67(*$7 6(772/, */3 67(*$7 89 -0%:0+9 ;07*3*7* <$%/=%<+05 */3 <$*=7%=*+%7%059 !"#$ %&'&(#)*, >?!@, ABBA9

C" #DE9 #DE 70=F GAHC I JF0 #DE ;07*3*7* #K=F*/40 6=F0L* I MN;07* O9B9

F77< PQQRRR90:(9=FQS$Q70=F/%=*+Q<(:+%=*7%2/5Q70=FGBBBN50$%05Q70=FGAHC, ABBG9

T" 8# 6JUV'UW' XVJ#WVUJXYVU8 6J#M #J 6YV MWYJYZY8# '[UMM8XZUJXYV AO!9 F77< PQQRRR94*+%*9=2LQ9

\" X6Y OBGBGIO9 +&,- . / 01*,1#*2 &)3 45)3&6*)-&7 8,#)9#87*:, OHH!9 >" X6Y OBGBGIOO9 +&,- .. / ;<+=;>> "&)'5&'* =*4*,*)9* %&)5&7, OHH!9

H" X6Y OBGBGIAO9 +&,- ?. / @7*&, A*B- ;)9C3#)' C4 -D* ;B9D&)'* >-,59-5,*, OHH!9

OB" X6Y JZO>!Q6Z!Q-]T VAH9 +&,- E. / @C)4C,6&)9* -*:-#)' 6*-DC3C7C'F &)3 4,&6*2C,G / '*)*,&7 9C)9*8-:, OHHA9

OO" L07*L230+9=2L9 F77< PQQRRR9L07*L230+9=2L, ABBC9

OA" ;2($*3 #+I1*3^ ;%L2(/0, ](. M%0$$*, */3 _*L%/0 U%7IUL0($9 U/ 2/72+24.I:*503 *<$2*=F S2$ 0K=F*/4%/4 3*7* :07R00/ F070$240/02(5 3*7*:*50 5.570L59 X/ H@;H> ?IIE / +,C9**3#)': C4 -D* J-D H)-*,)&-#C)&7 @C)4*,*)9* 0) ;)-*,8,#:* H)4C,6&-#C) >F:-*6:, U/I 40$5 I `$*/=0, ABBG9 a=2+0 6(<b$%0($0 3[ a+0=7$2/%c(0 30 +[ Y(0579

OG" Y;]9 ;230+ '$%)0/ U$=F%70=7($09 F77< PQQRRR92L492$4QL3*, ABBG9

O!" U+*%/ M+*/70=9 ;B87C#-&-#C) 3* 7& )C,6* >A;+ 8C5, 7& :8K9#L9&-#C) *- 7& 6#:* *) M51,* 3* 'K)K,&-*5,: 3* 9C3*9 MF' 7F05%5, E/%)0$5%7b 30 W0//05 X, GCBTC W0//05 =030K, `$*/=0, OHHH9

OC" M+*7.<(5 P 5%70 %/70$/079 F77< PQQ=*552(+079(/%)I:$0579S$ P>BBBQ5c(0*&, ABB!9

OT" M9 60+2/0/, d9 d25&%L%05, */3 ;9 6*&&%/0/9 12R 72 L*&0 *<<+05 S$2L 2$*/405 %/ (L+9 X/ NH@>> OI. / +,C9**3#)': C4 -D* EP-D Q))5&7 N&2&## H)-*,)&-#C)&7 @C)4*,*)9* C) >F:-*6 >9#*)9*: R NH@>>!EPS!TC756* E, <*40 GBC!, -*5F%/472/, 'Z, E6U, ABBO9 X### Z2L<(70$ 62=%07.9

O\" 6c(0*& P 5%70 %/70$/079 F77< PQQRRR95c(0*&92$4, ABBC9

O>" ;%=F*0+ E5=F2+39 -F0$0 *$0 7F0 50L*/7%=5 %/ 7F0 50L*/7%= R0: e QH %&'U, A!?G@ PACfGT, ABBG9