توسيع الاتحاد الأروبي اشكالياته وانعكاساته على سياسية الخارجية

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ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ... 1 -6 لﺨﺩﻤ : ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻝ لﻴﺼﺄﺘﻝﺍ : ﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔ ﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ ﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻲ ... 07 لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ... 21 لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺜﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ... 22 ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻊ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ... 42 ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ ... 60 ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ... ... 77 لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻷﺍ .. ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻝﺍ ... 78 ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨ ... 93 ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ : ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ لﻭﺩ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﺼ ﺕﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤ ... 106 ﺙــﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لــﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺏﻭــﻨﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻲــﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﺭــﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻴــﺒ ﻲــﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎــﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎــﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺏﺫﺎــﺠﺘ ﻲﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ... 119 لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﻴ ﺀﺎﻀ ﻥ " ﻲﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ " ﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ ... 120 ﻲﻨﺎــﺜﻝﺍ ﺙــﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺔــﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎــﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻲــﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﺭــﺸﻝﺍ ﻊــﻤ ﺕﺎــﻗﻼﻌﻠﻝ ﺭﺎــﻁﺇ ﻲﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠﻝﺍﻭ ... ... 136 ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺔ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ... 164 ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ .. ﻤﺎﻋ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ل ﺏﻭﻨﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ... 192 لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﻓﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻤﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻵﺍ ... 193 ﻲﻨﺎــﺜﻝﺍ ﺙــﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻷﺍ ﺔــﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭــﻴﻐﺘ ﻴﺀﺎــﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻲــﻓ ﺔــﻴﻨﻤ ﻥ ﻲﻁــﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲــﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻭ ... 214 ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻻﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ ﻊﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ... 237 ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝﺍ ... 272 ﻕﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ... 278 ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ... 303 لﺎﻜﺸﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ لﻭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﻠﻤ : ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺹﺨﻠﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﺹﺨﻠﻤ

1 ﺕﺎـﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﻁﻴﺴﺘ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻕﻼﻁﻨﺍ ،ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﺕﻠﺜﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺤﻝﺎـﺼﻝ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺯﺍﻭﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ لﻭﺎﺤﺘ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺏﺎﻁﻗﺃ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻓﺭﻁ لﻗﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻌﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ . ﺭﻭـﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥـﻋ ﺔـﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺒﻌﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻑﺜﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻑﺭﻋ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﺃﺩﺒ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ لﺜﻤ : ،ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ ،ﻲﺴﻠﻁﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺤ . ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤﻜﺘﻭ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺘﻨﺍ ﻘﺎ ﻝﻪ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻲـﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻁﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻲﺘﺎ ﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎ لـﻋﺍﻭ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﺎﻀﻴﺃﻭ ، ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﺠﺸﺘﻭ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻙﻭﻠﺴ ﻑﻴﻁﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ . ﻻﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ -ﻙﺸ ﻼﺒ -ﺩﻌﻴ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﻯﻭﻗﺃ ﻥـﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻉﺎﺴﺘﻻﺍ ﻕﺎﻁﻨﻭ ﻲﻤﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ؛ ﺔـﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻡـﻀﻴﻝ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لـﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻌﺘﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻗﻺﻝ ﻲﻨﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻪﺌﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺍﺩﻭﻴﻗ ﺽﺭﻔﻴﻭ ﻡﺌﺍﺩﻭ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﺈﺒ لﻜﻴﻬﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺍﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﺃ . ﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺯﻴﻤ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻁﺒﺘﺭـﺘ ﺱﺠﺍﻭـﻫ ﺭﻭـﻬﻅ ،ﻕﺒﺎـﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺎﻴﻓﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻬﻨﺍ ﺩﻌ ﻰـﻀﻭﻔﻝﺎﺒ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤ ﺏﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺎﺒ لـﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻊﻓﺩ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ ﻱﻭﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻝﺎﻗﻷﺍ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻰﺸﺎﻤﺘﺘﻝ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻩ . ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ : ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻋﺯﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺇ ﺩﺤ ﻯ لﻭﺎﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺁﻭ ،ﻲﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺯﺭﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻴ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻁﺍﺭﺨﻨﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻭﺒ ﻡﺘ ﺴ ﺎ لـﻘﻨ ﺎﻬﺘﻁ ﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻰ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻫ لﻜﺎﺸﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻬﺒﺎﺠﻴ ﺎﻤ . ﺕﺎـﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﻲـﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﺩ ﺙﺎﻌﺒﻨﺍ ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺩﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﺸ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ . ﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﻲ ﻲـﻓ ﺔـﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻺﻝ ﺎﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻥـﻤﻷﺍ ﺎﻴﺎـﻀﻗ ﺩﺍﺩﻌﺘـﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻊﺴﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺃ ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﻁﻨﺘ ﺎﻤﻝ ؛ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﻪﻌﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻠﻝ -ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻋ ﻡﻏﺭ ﻊﻤ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ . ﻠﻗﻹﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﺕﻔﺸﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴ ) ،ﺔـﻴﻨﻤﺃ ،ﻪﻴﻨﺜﺍ (... ﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﻤﺃ ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒ ﺏﺭﺤ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﺒﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺘﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﺘﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺕﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻥﻴﺃ ، ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻭ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻭﺎﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻠﺼﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ .

2 ﻥﺫﺇ ، ﺩﻘﻝ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺠﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﺒﺼﺨ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﺃ ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺃ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﺘﺘ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ . ﺎﻤﻭ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ لﺎﺠﻤﺒ ﻥﻤﻷﺍ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ﺍﺫﻝ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻝﺎﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻯﺩـﺤﺇ ،ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺌﺎﻜﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻼﻝ ﺓﺯﻴ ﻲ ﻋ ﻑـﻗﻭﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻰـﻠ ﺎﻬﻠﺨﺍﺩ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺤ ﺽﺭﺘﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﺔﻝﺍﺯﺇ . ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺭﺭﻗﻭ ﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻪﺘﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺞﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻯﺭﺨﺄﺒ ؛ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻪﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻭ ﻪﻓﺍﺭﻁﺃ لﻜ ﻊﻤﺠﻴﻝ . ﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ ﻲﺒ ،ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ لﻭﺩ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺭﺎـﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻨﺼﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ ؛ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ ﺩﻘﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺘﺄﺘ ﺢﻝﺎـﺼﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻤ ﻼﻝ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ . ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ . ﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻤﺘﺴﺘﻭ ﺅ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻍﻭﻠﺒﻝ ﺏﻭ ﻱﻭـﻴﺤﻭ لﻋﺎﻓ ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺅﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ . ﻩﺩﻤﺘﺴﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺭﺎـﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺭـﺤﻝﺍ ﺩـﻌﺒ ﺎـﻤ ﺓﺭـﺘﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺱﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺎـﻬﻌﻗﻭﻤﻝ ؛ ﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴ . ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻑﻭﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺍ ،ﺎﻴﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ،ﺎﻴـﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺔﻴﻁـﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻁﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝ ﺎﻴﺭﻜﺴﻋﻭ . ﻙﻝﺫـﻝ ،ﻪـﻨﺍﺭﻴﺠ ﺭﺎـﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﻻ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺎﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﺒ ﻕﺴﻨﻭ ،ﻡﻬﺒ ﻑﺭﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻩ ﻕﺭﺸ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﻭ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ . ﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ لـﻠﻘ ﻥـﻤ ﻙـﻝﺫ ﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻪ ﺒ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ ﻝﺍ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﺘ ﻲ ﺘ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺎﺒﻴﺭﻗ ﺎﻤﺍﺯﺤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌ ﻪ . ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ : ﺯﻜﺭﺘﺴ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ،ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻻﺍ ﻩﺩﻬﺸ ﺎﺤﺘ ﺩ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻻﺃ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ؛ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻊـﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ لﺨﺩﻴ ﻻﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻬﺸﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹ ﺤﺘ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎ ؛ ـﻋ ﺭﺒﻌﻴ ﻻ ﻪﻨﻷ ﻥ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘـﺴﺍ ﻡـﻜﺤﻴ ﻥﺎـﻜ ﺎـﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ؛ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ،ﻁﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤﻠﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﺍ ﻱﺭﻜـﺴﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻲـﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎـﻁﻝﺍ ﻭـﻫ ﺔـﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻡﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻡﻜﺤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺕ ﺓﺩـﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﻼﺘـﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻰﺤﻀﺃ – ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ . ﻓ ﻴﺘﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻨ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔ ـﻴﻤﻫﻷ ﺔ ﺓﺩـﺤﻭﻤ ﺔـﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﺘﺤﺘ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺎـﺴﻤﻭ ﺓﺭـﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻠﻝ ﻲ ﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﺸﺎﻋ ﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ،ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺓﺩـﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻡﺌﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻤ ﻥ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﺴ ﻡﻫﺃ .

3 ﺭﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻻﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ ﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺒ ﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺎـﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﺩـﻘﻋ ﻲـﻓ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺕ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻜ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘ 1969 ﻡ ﺽـﻌﺒ ﺀﺎـﻔﻋﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﻬﻋﺎﻀﺨﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎ ﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ﻊﻓﺩ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺹﺼﺤ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺨﻜ ﻲ ﺫﻫ ﺎﻨﻤﻭﻴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍ . ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻨﻴﻌـﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﺎﻴ ﺃ ﺕﺎ ﻱ ﻭـﻬﻅ ﺔـﻴﺎﻏ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺭ ﻴﻨﻤﻷﺍ ﺱﺠﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺔ – ﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻴ ﻥﻴﻓﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺩ -ﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺔ ﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺭ ﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻪﺸﻴﻌﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔـﻤﻅﻨﻷﺎﺒ ﺔـﺤﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﺸﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻝﺇ ﻩﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻫﺭﻹﺍ ﻰ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ . ﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﺏـﻴﺘﺭﺘ ﺓﺩﺎـﻋﺈﺒ ﻲـﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻭﻝﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﺩـﺤﺘ ﻉﻭـﻤﺠﻤ ﺎـﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺅﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻴﻨﺒﻤ ﻙﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ) ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺠﻬﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﺠ ( ... ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ، ) ،ﺏﺎﻫﺭﻹﺍ (... ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ، ﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒ ل ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻴﺒﻷﺍ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻬﺸﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ . ﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺀﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻊﻁﻗ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺎﻁﻭﺸ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ، ﻯﺩﺃ ﻙﻜﻔﺘ ﺓﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻗﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺀﺯﺠﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ؛ ﺕﺎـﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ لﻼﻘﺘـﺴﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﻭﻴـﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﺎـﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻬﻨﻻ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﺼﻔﻨﺍﻭ ﺍ ﺏﺎﻌﻴﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺭـﺸ لﻭﺩـﻝ ﺎﻬﺒﺭﻏ ﻊﻤ ﺩﺤﻭﺘﺘﻝ ﺓﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ؛ ﺩﺤﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺄﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺘﻝ ﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺩﻬﺸ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤ ﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻭ ﺕﺎﻨ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻡﺭـﺼﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭـﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ . ﻝﺇ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻯﺩﺃﻭ ﻰ ﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺯﻭﺭﺒ ﺘ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻪ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ لﻭﺩ ﻲـﻓ لـﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻪـﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﺒﻭ ، ،ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻵﺍ ﺕﻋﻭﻨﺘﻓ ﺔـﻴﺎﻤﺤﻭ ﺯـﻴﺯﻌﺘﻝ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺭﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ،ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﺭﻘﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﺨﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ . ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ : ﻯﺭﺨﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻱﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ : ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ : -ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻤﺴﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻴﻤﻝﺍ . -ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﻴﺒﺤﺘ . ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ : -ﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺎ ﺤﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺞﻫ ﺭـﺼﺤﻭ ،ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔـﻴﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ل ﺭﺨﺁ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﻪﺠﻭﺘ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺩﺎﺸﺭﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍ .

4 -ﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺘ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍﻭ ،ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ لﻭﺩ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻏﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﻥ ﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﻁ . ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ : ﺔـﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺓﻭﻗ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﻗﻷﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﻴ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺒﻭ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤ ﻪﻌﻴﻗﻭﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ . ﺎﻗﺭﺸ ﻊﺴﻭﺘ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻩﺩﺭﻔﻤﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﻻ ﻪﻨﻭﻜﻭ ، ﺓﺩﻋ ﻊﻤ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﺘﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻭ لﻭﺩ : ﺔـﻤﺎﻫ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺩ ﻊﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ . ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ لﻭﺩ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭﺘ ﻭﻫﺎﻤﻓ ؟ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻪﻌﺴﻭﺘ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﻉﺭﻔﺘﺘ ﻲﻫ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘ ﺔ : -ﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﺼﺘ ﻑﻴﻜ ﻲ ؟ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ لﻭﺩ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺔـﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺓﺩﺭﻔﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺩﺤ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ لﻫ ؟ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ ؟ﺎﻬﺤﻝﺎـﺼﻤ ﺩـﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺓﻭﻗ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﻭﺃ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻭ ؟ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻓﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻑﻴﻜ ﻉﺭـﺴﺘ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺘﺸﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻌﻀ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ لﻭﺩ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻫ ﻉﺎـﻀﻭﻷﺍ لـﻅ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺎﻤﻭ ؟ﻯﺭﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩ ﺓﻭﻘﺒ ﺎﻬﻗﺎﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ؟ﺎﻬﺤﻝﺎﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻺﻝ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻀﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠ : " ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ ) ﻡﻝﻭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ( ﻥﻴﺒ ﺱﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﻴ ﺎـﻬﺘﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﺓﺩﺎـﻴﺯﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺎﻴﻫ لﺎﻤﻜﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺍﺭﺴﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ لﻜ ﻊﻓﺩﻴﻭ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺘﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻴﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻁﻘﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ ." " ﻻﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻬﺸﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺎـﻤﻫ ،ﻁـﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ ﺍﺫﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻼﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥ ﻥﻴﻓﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﺩﺤﻴ . ﺃ ﻱ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺍ لـﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻝ ﺔـﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﺘﺴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻁﻤﻨ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﺎﻬ ."

5 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ : ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻲﻤﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ – ﻲﻘـﺴﻨﻝﺍ -) System Approach ( ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺒﺸ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ؛ ) Political Interaction ( ﺎﻴﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻕﻠﻌﺘ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ،ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺓ ﺔﻴـﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻋﺎـﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻅﻨﻠﻝ ﻡ ،ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻴﺘﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﻭ ﺍﺫﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻥ . ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻫﺭﻫﻭﺠ ؛لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻱﺃ ﻥﻷ ، ﻨﻝﺍ لﺎـﻌﻓﺃﻭ ﻡﺎـﻅ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻ ،ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﻻﺍ ﺕﻼﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﺎﻴﺴﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ ﻡﺩـﺨﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﻓﺩﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺘﻵﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤ ﻻﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ . ﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ لﻜ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﺔـﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻑﻴ ﺫﻜ ﻻﺍ ﻙﻝ ﻭ ﺔﻴـﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻼـﺼﻹﺎﺒ ﺔـﻴﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻡﻠﻗﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻴ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ ﺡﻼـﺼﺇ ﺕﺎﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻩﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻝ . ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻ ؛ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﺼ ﺏﺭﺘﻘﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﻻﺍ ﻪﺘـﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻊﻨﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ ﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻰ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍﻭ ،ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤ لﺌﺍﺩﺒ ﺓﺩﻋ . ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ : لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ، ﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﻘﺘﺘ ﻻﺍ ﺭﺎـﺴﻤ ﺩﺎـﺤﺘ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺫﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻻﺍ ﻡﺜ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻜﺸﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ . ﻭ ،لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ ﻱ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻝ ـﺜﻼﺜ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻠ ﺔ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻤ : لﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﺭﻁﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎـﻤﺃ ،ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺩـﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺴﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺜﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﻻﺍ ﺕﻠﻌﺠ ﻡﻀﻴ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ 27 ﻊﻤ ﻭﻀﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻓﻭﺘﺘ ﻥﻤﻝ ﺎﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻀﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒ ﻙﺭﺘ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭ . ﺎﻤﺃ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻌﻓ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ . ،ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻼﻝ ﻲﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﻀﻭﺘﻝ ﺹﺼﺨ ـﺜﻼﺜ لﻼـﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ ﺔ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻤ ؛ ﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻼﻝ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﻁﻭﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ . ﻡـﺜ ﺎﻋ ﺙـﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻑـﻘﻴﻝ ،ﺭﺍﺭـﻘﻝﺍ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﻝ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ لﻭﺩ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﺼ ﺕﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ . ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺏﺫﺎﺠﺘ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ،ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻻﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ ﻤﻫﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻁﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴ ﻁـﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ . ﺭﺎـﻁﺈﻜ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺒﻤﻠﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ

6 ﻲﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻠﻝ . ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺩـﻘﻓ ﺭﻴﺜﺄـﺘ ﺢـﻀﻭ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴ . ﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻌﺠ ،ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔـﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺱﻴﺌﺭـﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭـﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻋ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁ ﻼﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ ؛ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙـﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﻓﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻤﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻵﺍ . ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺱﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻴ ﺀﺎﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻥ ، ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻭ . ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻴﻝ ﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝ ﻊﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ . ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﺕﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺔﻋﺎـﺴﺸ ﻲـﻓ ﺎـﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺕﻠﺜﻤﺘ ﺜﻼﺜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺌﺍﻭﺘﺤﺍﻭ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ : ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔـﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ، ﻼﻝ ﺤﺘ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ لﻭﺩﻭ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎ . ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺕﻻﺎـﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩﺘﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺩﺠﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺜﻜ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ .

7 ﻻﺇ ﺕﺎﺒﻘﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺘﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻋ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﻴﺤﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ لﻭﺼﺃ ﻥﺇ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻋﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ . ﻲﻔﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﺭﻭﺃ ﺕﺩﺠﻭ ﻡﺎـﻤﺃ ﺎﻬـﺴﻔﻨ ﺎﺒ ﺔﺤﻠﻤ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﺃ ؛ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻝﺎﺼﻤﻠﻝ ﺱﺎﺴﺄﻜ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﻌﺒ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﻹ ﻥـﻤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﻷﺍ ،ﺔﻬﺠ * ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹ ﻰﻝﻭﺃ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻜﻭ . -ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻭ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﻷ ﺓﺭﻁﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﻷﺍ : ﺱﺎﺴﺃ ﺭﻜﻔﻤﻭ ﺔﻔﺴﻼﻓ ﻪﺒ ﻰﺘﺃ ﻱﺭﻜﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻭ لﺎـﺠﺭﻭ ﺀﺎـﻤﻜﺤﻭ ﻥ ﺤﻠﺼﻤﻭ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻓﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﻭ ﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻥ ﻭ ﻥ ﺕﺎـﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻪـﺘﻨﺒﺘ ﻲـﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻴ ﻥﺃ لﺒﻗ ، ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺨﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﺅﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻋﺩﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ . ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﻥﻭﺭﻗ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺭﻭﻠﺒﺘﻤ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻪﻨﺇ ** ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻓ ﻯﺅﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ، ﺔﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃﻭ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩ . ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺔـﺤﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻵﺍﻭ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﻻﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ لﺤﻝ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺜﻭﺩﺤ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕ . ﺴﺍ ﻯﺅﺭﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺕﺩﺎﻔﺘ ﺕﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺨﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭـﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ، لﺒﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﻭﺤﻭ ﻝ ﺽﺭﺃ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻕـﻴﺒﻁﺘﻠ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺫﻭ ﻙﻝ ﺔـﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻑﻴﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ . ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﺍﻭﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺫﺠ ﺩﻭﻌﺘ ،ﻥﺫﺇ 13 ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒﻭ ﻡ 14 ﻡ ، ﺓﺩـﻴﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺎـﻔﺘﻝﻻ ﺤﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻝﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﻴﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺔﻴ ﺔـﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻌـﺸﻝﺍ لﻭـﺼﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺭـﺸﻝﺍ ﺩـﻴﺩﻬﺘﻝ ﻲـﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﺩـﻴﺍﺯﺘ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ * ﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ﻲﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻉﺍﺭﺼﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺒ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﻷﺍ 1870 ؛ ﺓﺭـﺼﺎﺤﻤﺒ ﺎـﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺃ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻝﻭﺘﺴﺘ ﺕﺩﺎﻜﻭ ﺱﻴﺭﺎﺒ ﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻋﺍﺭﺼ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻋ لﻜـﺸﺒ ﺎـﺴﻨﺭﻓﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ،ﺎﺒ ﺹﺎﺨ . ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺏﻘﻋﻭ ) 1914 ( ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﻤﺯﻫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴـﺴﺎﻗ ﻁﻭﺭـﺸ ﺕﻌﻀﻭﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺃ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻨﺎﻬﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺃ ﺕﺭﺒﺘﻋﺍﻭ ؛ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺽﺍﺭﺃ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﻷﺍ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻨﻝ . ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔـﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭـﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ﺕﺩﺠﻭ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﻷﺍ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺎﻨﺘ ﻥﻴﺘﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﻘﺤﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ . ﻤﺃ ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ﺕﻁﻘﺴ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﻊﻤﻭ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺃ ﻡﺎ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ . ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺃ ﺕﻤﺯﻬﻨﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺯﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻨﺎﺒﻭ ﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺎـﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻓﺭـﻁﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﺩ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺔـﻴﺒ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ) ﺭﻅﻨﺍ : ﻥﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺩﻭ ) ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ( ، ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘـﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ : ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ 2003 ﺹ ، . 244 .( ** ﺃ ﻡﻗﺭ ﻕﺤﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﻨ 01 : ﺹ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﻠﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺤﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻭﺭﻜ . 278 .

8 ﻡﻬﻝ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ . ﻱﺃ : ﻲﻨﻴﺩ ﻪﻌﻓﺍﺩ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ : ﻕﺭـﺸﻝﺍ ﺔـﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﻲﺤﻴـﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ) 1 ( . ﻜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻗ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻜﻝ ﺔـﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺩـﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﺒﻤ ﺏﺴﺤ " ﺼﻴﻘﻝ ﺎﻤ ﻉﺩ ﺭﺼﻴﻘﻝ ﺭ ، ﷲ ﷲ ﺎﻤﻭ "، ﻘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻡﺜ ﻑﺍﺩـﻫﻷﺍ ﺔﻀﺭﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻔﻨﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺃ ﺓﺭﻴﺎﻐﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﻱﻭﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺘﺍ . ﻥﻴﺎـﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﻙـﻝﺫ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ ﺓﺭﻤﺩﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﺃﻭ ﺏﻭﺭﺤ ﻉﻻﺩﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﺼ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺄﺸﻨﺃ : ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺘ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﺕﻠﻜﺸ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻤـﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻴﻌـﺼﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻲـﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺤ ﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﻲ . ﻲﻫ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ ﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺫﺎﻘﻨﻹ ﺩﻴﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺎ . ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ لﻜﺸ ﺫﺨﺄﺘ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﺕﺃﺩﺒ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺩـﺘ لﻜـﺸﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻭ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﺠﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻓﻭ ﺏﺍﺯﺤﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻁﺭﺨﻨﺍ ، ﺃ ﺩـﻌﺒ ﻥ ﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎ ﻴﻭﺒﻭﻁ ﺎ ﺤﻭﻤﻁ ﺎ ﻥﻴﺭﻜﻔﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﻋ ﻩﺭﻘﻤ . ﺏﺭـﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﻊﻨﻤﻴ ﻡﻝ لﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻝ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺭﺎﻤﺩﺒ ﺕﻬﺘﻨﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ؛ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﺘ ﻥﻴﺃ ﺎﻴﻤﻝﺎﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺎﻜﻤﻭ ، ﺔـﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺎـﻴﺤﻹ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﺕﺄﻴﻫ لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ . ﻪـﻝ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻭ ﻲﻨﻼﻘﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻌﻀﻭ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ) 2 ( . -ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ لﻴﻌﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ : ﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺼﺤ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻉﻭﺭـﺸﻤ لﻼـﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺩ " لﺎـﺸﺭﺎﻤ "، ﻑﻠﺤ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻨﻤﻷﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ " ﻲﺴﻠﻁﻷﺍ لﺎﻤﺸ ". ﻻﻭﺃ : لﺎﺸﺭﺎﻤ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ : ﻯﻭﻗ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘ ﻩﺩﻭﺴﻴ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻥﻤ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﺯﻴﻤ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﺒﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﻲﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺭﻭﻁﺍﺭﺒﻤﺇ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﺃ . ﻭﻷﺍ ﻰﻤﻅﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻱﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺭ ﺎﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻭ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻭ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺎﻬﻨﻭ . ﺔـﻴﻤﻭﻗ ﻕﻭـﻓ ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺭﻜـﺴﻌﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤﻷﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺯﻜﺘﺭﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ لﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇﻭ ﺭﻭﺃ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ،ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻰﻨﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﺒ ) 3 ( . ) 1 ( ،ﺔﻌﻓﺎﻨ ﻥﺴﺤ ﺎﻴﺒﺭﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ، : ،ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺩـﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ 2004 ، ﺹ . ﺹ . 19 -20 . ) 2 ( ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ . ﺹ . 20 -21 . ) 3 ( ،ﺙﻴﻤﺴ ﻑﻴﺘﺴﻭ ﺱﻴﻠﻴﺒ ﻥﻭﺠ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻋ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍ ، : ،ﺙﺎـﺤﺒﻸﻝ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ 2004 ، ﺹ . 870 .

9 ﻥﻴﺭﺼﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺎﻔﺘ ) ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻲﺘﻴﻓﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺎـﻴﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ، ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓﻭ ( ﺏﺭﺤ ﺩﻌﺒ 1945 ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺃ لﻻﺫﺇ ، ﺒﻭ ﺩ ﺏﺭـﺤﻝﺍ ﺩـﻌﺒ ﺙﺩـﺤ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﻭﻴﻗ ﺽﺭﻓ ل ﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﻤﻬﺴﺃﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺍﻭﻤﺩﻗ ،ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺌ ﺵﺎﻌﻨﻹﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻬ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ . ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﻭﻋﺩ ﺱﻴﺌﺭ ﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺯﻭ " ﻥﺘﺴﻨﻭ لﺸﺭﺸﺘ " Winston Churchill ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻲﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﺴﺄﺘ – ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﻷﺍ ؛ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺎﻁﺨ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺎﻘﻝﺃ " ﺦﻴﺭﻭﻴﺯ " ﻡﺎﻋ ﺭﺒﻤﺘﺒﺴ ﺭﺸﻋ ﻊﺴﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ 1946 ) 1 ( ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ـﺒ 13 ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﺘﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻠﻝ ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﻠﻤ 1947 -1952 ) لﺩﻌﻤﺒ 2.5 (% لﺍﺭﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﻝﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻌﺒ " لﺎﺸﺭﺎﻤ ﺝﺭﻭﺠ " -ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺯﻭ ﻭـﻴﻨﻭﻴ ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺒﺎﻁﺨ 1947 ، ﻱﺫـﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺎﺸﻤ لﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﺘﺘﻝ ﻲﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺱﺭﻐﻨﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻬﺠﻭ ﻬﻋﺎﻨﻗﺇﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎ ﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﺭﻭﺃ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻ ﻲ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﺒ . ﺍﻭ ﻥﺭﺘﻗ ﺭﺸﺒ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻁﺇ ﻲـﻀﺘﻘﺘ ﻁﻭ ﺍ ﻴﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺎ ﻴﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺎ ﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤ ﺎ ﻠﻌﻓ ﻥﻜﻤﺘﺘﻝ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴ ) 2 ( . ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻨﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺤﺘﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝ ﺎـﺴﻨﺭﻓ ﺎﻤﻴـﺴ ﻰﻤﺍﺩـﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﺤﻝﺎﺼﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺌﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻋﻭﻴﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺠﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻓﺩ ﺓﻭﻗ لﻴﻜﺸﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻕـﻴﺭﻁ ﻥـﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺯﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻩﺎﻓﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺢﺘﻓ لﻴﻬﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﺎﻴﻓﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﺠﻨ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ) 3 ( . ﺔـﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺫـﻬﻝ ﺔـﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺒﺘ ﺩﻭﻌﻴﻭ ﺜﻼﺜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﺠﻬﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺒﺴﺃ ﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺏﺎ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔ : 1 ﺏﺭـﻐﻠﻝ ﻲﺘﺎﻴﻓﻭـﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺎـﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻪﻠﺜﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﻹﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻡﻴﺨﻀﺘ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﻷ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ ) ﻩﺀﺍﻭﺘﺤﺍ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺘﺇ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ .( 2 -ﺅﻴﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻁﻴﺸﻨﺘ ﻑﺩﻬﺘﺴﺘ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﻷ ﺔﻤﺨﻀ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝ ، ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﺨﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤ . 3 -ﺅﻴﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﻊﻀﻭﻝ لﺎﻤـﺸ ﻑـﻠﺤ لﻼـﺨ ﻥـﻤ ﻲﺴﻠﻁﻷﺍ ) ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﻥﻤﺄﺒ ﺎﻴﻭﻀﻋ ﻲﻜﻴﺭﻤ ( ) 4 ( . ) 1 ( ،ﻡﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻺﻝ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ : ﻲـﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لـﻤﺎﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎـﻘﻝﺍ ، : ﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭ 1998 ﺹ ، . 16 . ) 2 ( ﻥﻭﺠ ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺙﻴﻤﺴ ﻑﻴﺘﺴﻭ ﺱﻴﻠﻴﺒ . 871 . ) 3 ( ﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔ . 16 . ) 4 ( ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺔﻌﻓﺎﻨ ﻥﺴﺤ . 122 .

10 ﺔـﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﻷﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺜ ﻲﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﺃﺩﺒ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺭﻀﻭ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ لـﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻓﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺩﻌﺘﺒﺘﻭ ﻡﻠﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘﻝ ﺓﺯﻬﺠﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﺨﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﺍﻭﻗ . ﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﻭﺎﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﺒ ، ﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﻭﻬﺠ ﺕﻘﺴﻨﻭ ﺭﺎﻤﻋ . لﻼـﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻡﻀ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤﻝﺍ 16 ﻬﺠﺃ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻥﺎﺠﻝ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺕﻘﺜﺒﻨﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﺓﺯ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩ ) 1 ( : ﺇ ﺀﺎﺸﻨ ﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻜﺭﻤﺠ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺍ لﻭﺤ لﻤﻋ ﺔﻨﺠﻝ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻲﺒ 1947 ، ﺸﻨﺇﻭ ﺀﺎ ﺎـﻬﻝ ﺔـﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺔـﻨﺎﻤﺃ ﻲـﻓ لﺴﻜﻭﺭﺒ . -ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻝ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ ، ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﺎﻤﻭﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺠﻬﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺔﻨﺠﻝ 1948 . ﺕﺎﻀﻴﻭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻊﻴﻗﻭﺘ ﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻭﺘﻜﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺍﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ 1948 ﺕﺎـﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺔﻠـﺴﻠﺴ ﺩـﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ . ﺱﺭﺎﻤ ﺭﻬﺸ ﻲﻓ 1948 ، ﻑﻠﻜ ﻝﺍ ﺔـﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺔـﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻕﺎﺜﻴﻤ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺈﺒ لﻤﻋ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻠﻝ ، ﻪﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﺍﺭﻗﺇ ﻡﺘﻭ ﻲﻓ 16 لﻴﺭﻓﺃ 1948 لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻗﻭﺘﺒ ﺔﺌﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ * . ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻴﻗﺩﻝﺍ ، ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ لﺜﻤ ﻲﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ لﺠﻷ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﺃ : ﺭـﻴﺭﺤﺘﻭ ﺵﺎﻌﻨﻹﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ * * . ﻭ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﺩﺘﻤﺍ 1960 لﻭﺩـﻝﺍ ﻡﻀﺘ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔ ﺍﺩﻨﻜﻭ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ، . ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻰﻤﺴﺘ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃﻭ . ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﻲﺴﻠﻁﻷﺍ لﺎﻤﺸ ﻑﻠﺤ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ : ﺔﻨﻭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﻡﺌﻼﻤ ﻲﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻁﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﻷ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ " لﺎﺸﺭﺎﻤ "، ﻤﻴﻓ ﻲﻨﻤﺃ ﻑﻝﺎﺤﺘ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹ ﻁﻐﻀﺒ ﻪﺘﻌﺒﺘﺃ ﺎ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺃ ﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻓﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻨﺩﺃ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﺎﻔﺘﻻﺍ لﺠ ﺎـﻬﻓﻭﺎﺨﻤ ﻥـﻤ ﻡﻏﺭ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ . ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻝ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹ ﻕﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﻠﻁﻷﺍ ﻲﺘﻔﻀ ﺭﺒﻋ ﻲﻫ ﻩﺭﻴﺴﺘ ﻊﺴﻭﺃ ﻲﻨﻤﺃ ﻑﻝﺎﺤﺘ . لﺎﻤﺸ ﻑﻠﺤ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ لﻭﺤ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺎﺸﻤ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻷﺍ ﻲﺴﻠﻁ ، ﺕﺎـﻀﻭﺎﻔﻤ ﺕﺭـﺠﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻔﺜﻜﻤ ﺍ ﺱﻤﺨﻝ : ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ،ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒ ﺙﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﺱﻜﻭﻝﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻭ ، : ،ﺍﺩﻨﻝﻭﻫ ،ﺎﻜﻴﺠﻠﺒ ) 1 ( ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺙﻴﻤﺴ ﻑﻴﺘﺴﻭ ﺱﻴﻠﻴﺒ ﻥﻭﺠ . ﺹ . 36 -37 . * ﺓﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﺭﺸﻋ ﺔﺘﺴ ﺕﻌﻗﻭ : ﺎﺴﻤﻨﻝﺍ -ﺎﻜﻴﺠﻠﺒ -ﻙﺭﺎﻤﻨﺍﺩﻝﺍ -ﺴﻨﺭﻓ ﺎ -ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ -ﺍﺩﻨﻝﺭﻴﺍ -ﺎﻴﻝﺎﻁﻴﺇ -ﻍﺭﻭﺒﻤﺴﻜﻝ -ﺞﻴﻭﺭﻨﻝﺍ -ﺍﺩﻨﻝﻭﻫ -لﺎﻐﺘﺭﺒﻝﺍ -ﺩﻴﻭﺴﻝﺍ -ﺍﺭﺴﻴﻭﺴ -ﺎﻴﻜﺭﺘ -ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺃﻭ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ . ** ﺭﻅﻨﺃ لﻴﺼﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﻤﻝ : ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﻡﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ . ﺹ . 40 -42 .

11 ﻭ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻍﺭﻭﺒﻤﺴﻜﻝ ، ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺩﻨﻜﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍﻭ * . ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻴﻗﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻭ ﻠﺤ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝ ﺔﺌﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﻠﻁﻷﺍ لﺎﻤﺸ ﻑ 04 لﻴﺭﻓﺃ 1949 ) 1 ( . ﻩﺩﻭﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﺍﺫﻨﺁ ﻲﻋﻭﻴﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺤﺘﻝ ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘﻭ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ،ﺎﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﻲﺘﺎﻴﻓﻭﺴﻝﺍ . ﺩـﻬﻌﺘ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻉﺎﻓﺩﻝﺎﺒ ؛ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﺒ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﺃﻭ ﺭﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔـﻝﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻡﻭﺠﻫ ﻱﻷ ﻱﺩﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﻁﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﺴﺘﻭ ﺔﻁﺭﻘﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻀﻋ ﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻠﺤﻝ ﺎﺒ ) 2 ( . ﻥﺫﺇ ، ﻡﻭـﺠﻬﻝﺍ ﺔـﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ لﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻓﺩ ﺕﺎﻔﻝﺎﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺩﻗﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ * * . -ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ : ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻤﻬﺴﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﻥﻴﻴـﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻫ : ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺍ . ﻻﻭﺃ : ﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺩﺎﺤﺘ : ﺭﻴﺯﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻴﻤﺴﺭ ﻎﻠﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﺍ ﻪﻤﺎﻴﻗ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﻱ لﻜ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﺔﻨﺴ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒ ﻥﻤ 1947 ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘﻝ ، لﻤﺸﻴﻝ ﺍ ﻥﻭﺅﺸﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺅﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺭﺼﺤﻨﻴ ﻻﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ . ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻸﻝ لﺎﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺱﻴﺴﺄﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺇ ﻭﻫ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺏﻼﻘﻨﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﺴ ﺔﻴﻗﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ " ﺭﺒ ﺍ ﻍ " ﺎﻘﺒﺎـﺴ ﺎﻴﻜﺎﻓﻭﻠﺴﻭﻜﻴﺸﺘ ﻥـﻜﻤ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻴﻋﻭﻴﺸﻝﺍ 20 ﻱﺭﻔﻴﻓ 1948 . ﻗﻭ ﺩ ﺕﻘﻓﺍﻭ ﺴﻨﺭﻓﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺙﻼﺜﻝﺍ ﺱﻜﻭﻝﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻭ ﺎ ﻰﻠﻋ " لـﺴﻜﻭﺭﺒ ﻕﺎﺜﻴﻤ " ﻲﻓ 17 ﺭﺎﻤ ﺱ 1948 ، ﺤ ﻴ ﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻡﺯﺘﻠﻴ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﺩ ﻑﻠﺤﻝ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺠﺤ ﻊﻀﻭ ﺙ ﺅ ﻥﻭـﻌﻝﺍ ﺩـﻤﺒ ﻩ ﻴﻷ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﺴﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔ ﺎﻬﻀﺭﻌﺘ لﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻀﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻝ ﺢﺘﻓﻭ ،ﻥﺍﻭﺩﻌﻠ ﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻻ لـﻜ ﻡﺎﻤﻀﻨ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺎﻴﻝﺎﻁﻴﺇﻭ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺃ ﻥﻤ . * لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻭ ﺭﻭﻀﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻴﻗﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ : ﻠﺴﻴﺃ ،ﻙﺭﺎﻤﻨﺍﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﻐﺘﺭﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺞﻴﻭﺭﻨﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻴﻝﺎﻁﻴﺇ ،ﺍﺩﻨ . ﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺃ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺇ ﻑﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﻅﻨﺘ ﻡﻠﻓ 5 ﻱﺎﻤ 1955 ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﺩﻌﺒ . ) 1 ( ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺔﻌﻓﺎﻨ ﻥﺴﺤ 127 . ) 2 ( ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤ ﺝ ، 2 ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ، : ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ 2006 ﺹ ، . 767 . * * ﺭﻴﻐﻴ ﻪﺘﻠﻌﺠ ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﻅﻭﺤﻠﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻪﺘﻁﺸﻨﺃ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ .

12 ﻲﻓ 20 ﺭﺒﻭﺘﻜﺃ 1954 ﺎـﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺃ لﻤـﺸﻴﻝ لﺴﻜﻭﺭﺒ ﻑﻠﺤ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻠﻌﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻔﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻴﻝﺎﻁﻴﺇﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﻴﻝ ﻕﺎﺜﻴﻤﻝﺍ لﺩﻋﻭ . ﺕﻠﻜـﺸ ﺍﺫـﻜﻫﻭ ﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺓﺩ ) 1 ( . ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺍ ﺱﻴﺴﺄﺘ ﻥﺇ ، ﻱﺃ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺠﻤﻭ ﺩﻋ ﻴﺃ ﺩﻀ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﻭ ﺔ ﺔـﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﻨﻼﻝ ﺍﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻀﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ . لﻭﺩـﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﺔـﻝﻭﺩ ﻱﻷ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﺴﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﺩﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺎﺸﺘﺴﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﺀﻰﺸﻨﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻴﺴﻴﺴﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔ . ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﺃ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﺴﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﺸﻴ ﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔ ﻨ ﺜﻝﺍ ﺏ ﻲـﻓ ﺎـﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺹﻭـﺼﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘ ﺓﺩﻫﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ) 2 ( . لﺼﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ، ﻪﻨﺃ ﻻﺇ ﻡﻝ ﺔـﻴﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ ﻉﺎﻓﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻤﻷﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ؛ ﻴﺄﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻊﺘﻤﺘ ﻡﺩﻌﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔ ﺕﺎﻁﻠـﺴ ﻕﻭﻓ ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻓﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺴﻨﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻼﺼ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺢﻨﻤﺘ ﻡﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻗ ﻡﺩﺨﺘـﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺁ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﻯﺩﻌﺘﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻱﺃ ﺔـﺌﺭﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎـﺤﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍﻭ ) 3 ( . ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ : ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ : ﺏﺭﻏ لﻭﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻓﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ، لﻭﺩ ﺔـﺴﺎﺴ ﻑﻜﻋ ﺎﻨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺸﻗ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺒﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤ ﺔ . ﻯﺩﺎـﻨ ﺩـﻘﻓ ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ لﻭﺩـﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﺜﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﻠﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺈﺒ ﻥﻭﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻜ ـﻴﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒ ﻲـﻓ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺎ ﺓﺩﺎـﻴﻘﺒ ﺎ " لﺸﺭﺸﺘ " ،ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ، ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﻉﺎﺒﺘﺃ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻍﺭﻭﺒﻤﺴﻜﻝﻭ ﺎﻜﻴﺠﻠﺒ ، ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻤﻝﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﺭﻭﺃ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻭ . ﺕﺎـﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕـﻘﻔﺘﺍ ،ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺩـﺤﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺒﻝﺎﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺤﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩ ﺔﻨﺠﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻋﺯﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺩ " لﺸﺭﺸﺘ "، ﺍﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤ ﺕﺩﻘﻋﻭ ) 1 ( ﺔﻌﻓﺎﻨ ﻥﺴﺤ ، ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ . 126 . ) 2 ( ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﻡﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ . ﺹ . 18 -19 . ) 3 ( ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،ﺔﻌﻓﺎﻨ ﻥﺴﺤ . 126 .