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Les "Liver X Receptors" : modulateurs des fonctions des cellules dendritiques plasmocytoïdes et leur contrepartie leucémique

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(1)Les ”Liver X Receptors” : modulateurs des fonctions des cellules dendritiques plasmocytoïdes et leur contrepartie leucémique Adam Ceroi. To cite this version: Adam Ceroi. Les ”Liver X Receptors” : modulateurs des fonctions des cellules dendritiques plasmocytoïdes et leur contrepartie leucémique. Immunologie. Université de Franche-Comté, 2015. Français. �NNT : 2015BESA3015�. �tel-01452609�. HAL Id: tel-01452609 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01452609 Submitted on 2 Feb 2017. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

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