• Aucun résultat trouvé

Migrations résidentielles et renouveaux démographiques des campagnes françaises métropolitaines

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Migrations résidentielles et renouveaux démographiques des campagnes françaises métropolitaines"

Copied!
17
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: halshs-00807756

https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00807756

Submitted on 4 Apr 2013

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access

archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Migrations résidentielles et renouveaux démographiques

des campagnes françaises métropolitaines

Pierre Pistre

To cite this version:

Pierre Pistre. Migrations résidentielles et renouveaux démographiques des campagnes françaises métropolitaines. Espace Populations Sociétés, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 2011, pp.539-555. �halshs-00807756�

(2)

123456789A3BCD8A8E845323CEC3F8C53B2A7323654537F253F9F2E89A73798CEC735A33FF3 1234562789A4B92CB862BDDB9AB6A4B87EFB5EACB173452EB9A CB9A51538B9A458529B9A1B6477D26528B9 A 1234567389ABC637AD3E56F8ABC637A 1AA9F6C353897 3566537865 C6375F267!6 4A"

#57 A C$C257 A !6C2%C3757& A $'$5 A C6$3 A (57 A $F327 A E52757 A 58 A (57 A ()7 A 9(F32957 A E57 A 6323C)* A 528657 A )6+C327& A 852E528 A , A 75 A 655)(56 A E5)37 A (57 A C22957 A -.-. A /3 A 5 A F278C8 A 9296C(A578AC)0F)6E1)3A(C65$528AC68C9&A5)AE5A86C4C)*A52AF28A65569A)25AF$695273F2 A C6F!F2E35& A EC27 A 757 A C6C89637832)57 A 7C83C(57 A 58 A 7F3FE9$F6C32)57 A 3 A C6836 A E57 A EF22957 A E98C3((957AE)A655275$528A45/66A7&A58AC683(5A6FF75A)25AC2C(875A()635((5AE57A9 A652C377C257A 6)6C(57A:AF285$F6C3257A52A;6C25A$986FF(38C325A125A98)E5AE57A$36C83F27A6973E52835((57AC)A7532 A E)A856638F365A2C83F2C(A<AE1F633257A)6+C3257A58A6)6C(57A4567AE57A8857AE5AC$C25A69C(C+(5$528 A 3E5283!397AA578A6343(9395&AF)6A3E5283!356A(57A693F27A(57A()7AC886C83457A58A(57A6F!3(7AE57A2F)45C)* A 6973E5287A=57&A>/BA#57A86C385$5287A78C837832)57A58AC68F6C32)57A7)5773!7A$588528A52A943E525A )25 A F)67)385 A 3285275 A E57 A 6F577)7 A E5 A 963)6+C237C83F2 A C)8F)6 A E57 A 6323C(57 A $986FF(57 A 693F2C(57&A$C37AC)773AE5A?(57A()7A$FE57857AD1C)865AC68&A3(7A694@(528AE57A6563757AE9$F6C32)57 A 2F2 A 29(35C+(57 A C) A 7532 A E157C57 A 6)6C)* A 5) A E952EC287 A E5 A (1C886C834389A )6+C325& A 58 A EF28 A (57A F28F)67A6578528A(C65$528A,A98)E356AEC27A)25A56758345A2C83F2C(5A58A2)C2838C8345A

F87(97AAA"A>C$C257&AD9$F6C357A6)6C(57&A36C83F27A6973E52835((57&A;6C25

4B92CB8625DA1234562789A58CACB173452A4B8B5D9 28A4B8A4E45DA54B59

5 !"

6452A C$F2A 85A $F78A 65$F85A !6F$A$C0F6A )6+C2A528567& A;652A 6)6C(AC65C7A C45A +552A 65F)(C85EA7325A85A-.7A5FACEC87&A837AF+7564C83F2A37AA3E5(8A7C65EA+)8A!5AA6575C657AC45A 7F)8A CA E5556A)2E5678C2E32AF!A 387A 5F6C3C(A C2EA 7F3FE5$F6C3 A!5C8)657A1732A527)7A EC8CA 45/66A7&A837 AC683(5A 6FF757A C2A C2C(8737A F!A 6)6C(A65434C(7 A32A $586FF(38C2 A;6C25A B5A C683)(C6(8A!F)7AF2A78)E832A328562C(A;652A$36C83F27AA!6F$A)6+C2AC2EA6)6C(AC65C7A8FA8857AF! A 6)6C(AC65C7A6543F)7(8A3E5283!35EAA32AF6E56A8FAE5!325A85A$F78AC886C8345AC2EA6F!3(57AF!A25AF$567 A C57&A>/BA;3678AF!AC((&AF)6A78C83783C(A865C8$5287A7FAACA786F2 AF2832)C83F2A F!A7)+)6+C23CC83F2A 6F57757A C6F)2EA $C0F6A 653F2C( A 38357& A C2E A 7$C((56A F257 A C7 A A5(( A D52& A 858 A 6545C( A 7323!3C28A E5$F6C3A3265C757AA3832A6)6C(AC65C7A(577AE552E528AF2A)6+C2AC886C83452577EA8536AC6C85637837A C65A783((A8FA78)E8A+F8A32A85A2C83F2C(A;652AF285*8AC2EAA38ACA2)C2838C8345AC6FC

F58AF6E7AA"A)6C(AC65C7&A)6C(AF)(C83F27&A573E5283C(A$36C83F27&A;6C25 1

(3)

>58 A C683(5 A 6FF75 A )25 A C2C(875 A 9F6C32)5 A E57 A 6563757 A E9$F6C32)57 A EC27 A (57A C$C257A!6C2%C3757&A,AC6836AE57AEF22957AE98C3((957AE)A655275$528A45/66A7ABA7A62A 5!!58& A 57 A 57C57 A 75 A 7F28 A 6F6577345$528 A 655)(97 A E5)37 A (57 A C22957 A -.-.& A 58 A E57A 6F377C257A2F2A29(35C+(57A5)4528AC)0F)6E1)3A'865AF+7564957AC6$3A(57A$F327AE52757A58A(57A()7 A 9(F3297AE57A6323C)*A528657A)6+C327AF65(&A5EF6&A7GAEA#CC2356&AH35225&A7.A#57A73257A !C4F6C+(57 A 7F28 A E5 A ()7 A 52 A ()7 A 2F$+65)* A $36C83F27 A 6973E52835((57& A 692F4C83F27 A 3$$F+3(3@657& A 69C83F27AE1C8343897ADC(C2E356&A7&A58AE5A!C38&A(18F8@75AE5A9A652C377C25A6)6C(5A:AE9!52E)5AC6A I562C6EAFC8756AC)AE9+)8AE57AC22957A-..A852EA,A75AF2!36$56AFC8756&A-..A4245675$528&A(13E95 A E5 A E975683!3C83F2 A E57 A C$C257& A 2)3 A C A (F285$7 A $C62)9 A (57 A 576387& A 578 A C)0F)6E1)3 A 6F!F2E9$528A65$375A52AC)75AC6A(57AF278C83F27AE9$F6C32)57A#5AI6C7&A7

D5663@65 A5A F278C8A9296C(A(C65$528AC68C9A75A C5 A29C2$F327 AE57A6F577)7A58A E57 A 738)C83F27 A 9F6C32)57 A 86@7 A 9896F@257 A D5 A ()7& A 5) A E5 A 86C4C)* A F28 A 569 A , A C6F!F2E36 A (198)E5AE57A6563757AE9$F6C32)57A6)6C(57AEC27A(5)67AC6C89637832)57A7C83C(57A58A7F3F(F32)57 A I5778B35863&AJ3(C(&A/$388&A7-AEAD)+)&A7AEA/529+9&A#93356&A7A3AC6836AE5A()735)67A 86C385$5287A78C837832)57A58AC68F6C32)57A$5297AEC27A)25A56758345A2C83F2C(5&A(1F+0583!AE5A58 A C683(5A578AEF2AE5A69C(3756A)25AC2C(875A()635((5A58AC8)C(3795AE57A9 A652C377C257A6)6C(57A:A52A;6C25A $986FF(38C325AK)5((57AC$C257AF22C377528A(57A()7A!F6857A6563757AE9$F6C32)57 ALAK)5((57A F)(C83F27 A 52 A 856$57 A E1=57& A E5 A C89F6357 A 7F3F6F!5773F225((57 A 7F28 A C683)(3@65$528 A 3$(32)957ALA377378F272F)7A,A)25AF)67)385AE57A6F577)7AE5A963)6+C237C83F2 A58MF)A()8?8AC) A E945(F5$528AE1C)8657A6563757A2)3AF27838)56C3528AE57A!F6$57AE15*FE5A)6+C32A56(32&A7.AL 3!32AE5A69F2E65AE5A(CA$C23@65A(CA()7ACEC895A58A(CA()7A69375A,A57A2)5783F225$5287& A 2F)7A69752856F27AEC27A)2A65$356A85$7A)25A88F(F35AE57A+C77327AE5A435A!6C2%C37AA69C(3795AEC27A(CA F2832)389AE57A86C4C)*AE5AN>AIF286F2A/66/3-A&A2)3A756CA)83(3795AF$$5A(C773!3C83F2A7C83C(5A E5A69!96525A8F)8AC)A(F2AE5A58AC683(5A6((5A56$5886CA527)385AE5A$5256A)25AC2C(875AE57 AE82C$32)57A E9$F6C32)57AC)A7532AE5A86F37A6C2E7A8857AE5AC$C25A69C(C+(5$528A3E5283!397A FC68628A57&A D62857&AB A2!8"57&A52A327378C28A7)6A(5A6?(5AE57A$36C83F27A6973E52835((57ADC27A)25A86F373@$5AC6835& A 5((5A756436CA,A98)E356A(57A6F!3(7AE57A2F)45C)*A6973E5287AE57AC$C257A!6C2%C3757&A52A5*C$32C28A(57 A E9(C5$5287A6973E52835(7A75(F2A(57A86C257AE1=5A58A(57AC89F6357A7F3F6F!5773F225((57A "#ACB2826278ADE42BDDBACB9A51538B9A458529B9A1B6477D26528B9

#57A2F$52(C8)657A7C83C(57A7)5773457AE5A(145/667&AF$$)29$528A)83(37957AF)6A C2C(8756A

(57A94F()83F27AE9$F6C32)57AE57A57C57A!6C2%C37&AF28A8F)0F)67A6343(939A)25AE9!32383F2AC6AE9!C)8A E)A6)6C(&AC4C28A8F)8AF273E969AF$$5A)2A6973E)A78C837832)5AE5A(1)6+C32AD5A()7&A57AE3!!9652857 A (C773!3C83F27AF!!335((57AF28AF2863+)9A,A6FE)365A)25A3$C5A)23!F6$3795AE57A57C57A6)6C)*A!6C2%C37&A C6A)25A!C3+(5A6375A52AF$85AE5A(CA4C63989AE5A(5)67AC6C89637832)57A9F2F$32)57&AE9$F6C32)57A 58A52F65A693F2C(57A#CA2F$52(C8)65AC8)5((5A52AO316&A3278C)695A52A-..A58A693795A52A77& A E9!3238A86F37A7F)7C89F6357A2)3AF$F7528A(157C5A,AEF$32C285A6)6C(5&A75(F2A(C AF25286C83F2AE57A 5$(F37PA>552EC28&A$C(69A58A5!!F68AE5AE3!!96523C83F2&A5ACF2C5A75A694@(5A5)ACEC89AF)6A$5256A )25A98)E5AE5A(CAE34567389AE57AC$C257A!6C2%C3757&A58A2F8C$$528A7)6A(5A(C2A7F3FE9$F6C32)5 1

A /F3989 A E168)E57 A 9F6C32)57 A 68 A /F3F(F32)57 A 3(32)957 A /66/3 A I)65C) A E198)E5 A !F2E9 A 52 A -.G& A 58 A 2)3 A 0)72)1C)*AC22957A7ACAC68339A,A(CA69C(37C83F2AE5A2F$+65)757A98)E57A7)6A(5A856638F365A!6C2%C37&A58A52A C683)(356A7)6A(57A 57C57A6)6C)*A5*AI6)2&A/85C2&AIF286F2&A-..A/F)7A(CAE36583F2AE5AN>AIF286F2&A(CA/66/3ACA2F8C$$528A69C(3795A)25A 88F(F35AE57AC28F27A!6C2%C37&A,AC6836AE57AEF22957AE57A655275$5287A45/66AE5)37A(57AC22957A-.-.&A2)3ACA989A )83(3795AF$$5A(C773!3C83F2AE5A69!96525AEC27A()735)67A6CF687A7)6A(5A6)6C(AD3D3&A7PAEAB56632&AC(58&A7P 2 A62A123897A16+C3257A11&A52AOF257AE5AB5)(5$528A42E)78635(A58A16+C32AOB41&A52A33657A16+C3257A58A52AC3657AE15$(F3 A E5A(167C5A)6C(AO316 3 A#157C5A,AEF$32C285A6)6C(5A6C775$+(5AC3273A(57A?(57AE15$(F3A6)6C)*&A(57AF)6F2257AE57A?(57AE15$(F3A6)6C)*A58A(57 A C)8657AF$$)257AE5A(157C5A6)6C(

(4)

BC6AC8)C(37C83F2A58AE945(F5$528AE)A86C4C3(AE5A(CA/66/3&A2F)7AC4F27AEF2A69C(379A)25A 88F(F35 A E57 A +C77327 A E5 A 435 A !6C2%C37A DF A - A  A 32896C28 A E57 A 32E3C85)67 A E9$F6C32)57&A

9F2F$32)57&A7F3F(F32)57A58AE5A(F5$528AAF)6AF+85236A)2AF)83(AE1C2C(875A2B#9AE57AC$C257A

!6C2%C3757 A 6(C+F695 A 7)6 A (C A +C75 A 6323C(5 A E57 A EF22957 A E) A B A 7& A 5885 A (C773!3C83F2 A 7C83C(5A E37832)5 A E5 A $C23@65 A 25885 A (57 A 86F37 A C89F6357 A E5 A C$C25 A 699E5$$528 A 3E5283!3957 A C6 A A N>A IF286F2A"A(5732!F2A573FC68628A57&A(5732!F2A573D62857&A(5732!F2A573B A2!8"57A>57A5283897A9296C(57A,A EF$32C285A6)6C(5A7F28A527)385A7)+E3437957A52A73*A7F)78857&AC)*2)5(7A3(A!C)8AC0F)856A(5A6F)5AE57A 2778A73B53485362A87C7AA2)3A6C775$+(5A(CA$C0F6389AE57A6C2E57AC(F$96C83F27A58AE57A43((57A$F852257A !6C2%C3757AAF)6AF)4636A(132896C(389AE)A856638F365A2C83F2C(A$986FF(38C32A>5885A88F(F35A6FF75A C3273A)25AE9!32383F2A78C837832)5A()635((5A58A!F283F225((5AE57AC$C257A!6C2%C3757A>5((53A756CA)83(3795A 8F)8AC)A(F2AE5A58AC683(5AF)6AF2E)365A)25AC2C(875AF$C695AE57A6563757AE9$F6C32)57A6)6C(57

C$!%A"#A6&'$($)A*A %A*A+A, %- A$'$( %

4 A#5A+C7732AE5A435A+4A578A)25A)2389A7C83C(5A78C837832)5&A2)3ACA989A9(C+F69A52A7PAEC27A(5ACE65AE1)25A98)E5AE36395AC6 A (145/66A7)6A(CA786)8)6C83F2AE5A(157C5A6)6C(A!6C2%C37A>C2)5A+4ACA989AE9856$329A52A!F283F2AE5A(CAE37863+)83F2A7)6A(5A 856638F365A$986FF(38C32AE57A7564357A32856$9E3C3657&A58AE5A(5)67AC3657AE1C886C83F2ADA45/66&A7PAEAN)(352&A7A 5 A>5885A88F(F35ACA989A69C(3795A,AC6836AE5A7A32E3C85)67A78C837832)57A#57A6323C)*A7F28A(57A7F(E57AE9$F6C32)57&A2C8)65(7A 58A$36C8F3657AE5)37A-.GAC6A86C257AE5AE5)*AB&A(CAE527389AE5AF)(C83F2&A)2A32E35AE5A4353((3775$528&A(57AC687AE57 A >/BAC69957&AE57AC83!7AC6A7585)67A9F2F$32)57&A(5A8C)*AE5A?$C5&A(5A8C)*AE1C834389A!9$32325&A(57AC687AE5A6973E5257 A 6323C(57&A75F2EC3657&AE5A(F5$5287A4CC287&A58A52F65A)2A32E3C85)6AE5ACC389AE1C)53(A8F)637832)5A#CA$98FEF(F35 A 78C837832)5 A )83(3795 A 65F75 A 7)6 A (1C77F3C83F2 A E1)25 A C2C(875 A 52 A F$F7C285 A 6323C(5 A 3>B A C45 A )25 A (C773!3C83F2A C752EC285A396C632)5A>3J&AEF28A(57A697)(8C87AF28A989AF27F(3E97AC6A)25AC2C(875A75(F2A(57A528657A$F+3(57A>> 3

(5)

.A/A4B429B9ACB173452EB9A4E45DB9AB6A60B9ACBA51538B

16 CA!$ %!A (A)% (1A'%!' (%A'(A' A*A( %AA A

) $A'$,

D5 A $C23@65 A (C7732)5& A (5 A EF)$528 A 7 A 56$58 A E198)E356 A (57 A 94F()83F27 A E9$F6C32)57&A E5)37A(57AC22957A-.G&AE57AC89F6357A7C83C(57A2)3A43522528AE1'865AA3E5283!3957 AEA(1F+0583!A578A33AE5A 65(C56A(57AE82C$32)57AF285$F6C3257AEC27A)2A85$7A65(C8345$528A(F2A58AE5AE9C56A2)5(2)57 A 6C2E57A852EC257A786)8)65((57&A2)3A756F28A,AC!!3256AC6A(CA7)385A

C$!%A.#A$ %!AA*!$ %!A*$) '23A* %A (A! ' )%A, %- A$'$( %A4"56./.7789

DF)8AE1C+F6E&A2F)7AF)4F27AF+756456A)2A8C775$528AE57A6F65773F27AE9$F6C32)57AE57 A

2778A7 3 B5 3 485 3 62A87C7A E5)37 A (57 A C22957 A -.& A C(F67 A 2)5 A (57 A2!F2A57 3 FC68628A57A F28 A (C365$528A

52653786957AE5A!F6857A6F377C257AE5)37A(57AC22957A-.& A2)3A75AF)67)34528 AC)0F)6E1)3 A,AE57 A 2345C)* A 9(5497 A 12 A 86C27!568 A E5 A 6F377C25 A 75$+(5 A C)773 A 7152C56 A C) A 7532 A E57 A C$C257 A 9639632)57&AE)AFC68628A3B53F69$8!8ECA4567A(5A662349853B53FC6862A872E89AA62A75A6CF68C28A,A(5)67A (FC(37C83F27 A69!9652835((57 ADFA-&A57AF278C8C83F27A43522528 AC69E3856A(13E95 AE1)25AF)67)385 A 3285275AE5A(198C(5$528A)6+C32AC)8F)6AE57A6323C(57A$986FF(57A!6C2%C3757ABC637&A#8F2&AIF6E5C)*& A DF)(F)75A6((57A694@(528A9C(5$528A(5AE945(F5$528A3$F68C28AE5A6F577)7AE5A963)6+C237C83F2 A , A 6F*3$389 A E5 A ?(57 A ()7 A $FE57857 A )(F)75& A I57C2%F2& A >(56$F28;566C2E& A Q6(9C27& A 58A 2F8C$$528AEC27A(1F)578AE)AC87A5C2857&A52257&A#C4C(&A#5AC27&A32567&AHC2257AA

(6)

D1C)865AC68&A(5AEF)$528A7AF2!36$5A)25A(C65A656375AC)A7532AE57AC$C257A!6C2%C3757 A 62A5!!58&A8F)7A(57A8857A6)6C)*A33A3E5283!397AF28AF22)AE57A94F()83F27AE9$F6C32)57AF7383457A7)6 A (CAE5623@65A963FE5A98)E395A-...7&A58A$'$5AC6$3A(57A()7 A D62857GA#57 A2!F2A573B A2!8"573

697528528A2F8C$$528AE5A!F6857A6F377C257&A2)3A75A7F28AC528)957AC)AF)67AE57AC22957A7A#5A

6623%32EE62E848EC3E9687E8"536C78B5AE85535E3B5365E628E5&A7)68F)8AF$F79AE5A+C77327AE5A435AE57A!C%CE57A58A

C663@65C87AC8(C2832)5A58A$9E38566C2952&3 CC6C38AE5A5AF328AE5A4)5AF$$5A(5A7F)7885A(5A()7A F25629A62A5!!58&A3(AF22C38AC)0F)6E1)3AE57A8C)*AE5A6F377C25A$F8527AC22)5(7A2)3A634C(37528AC45 A 5)*AE57A2!F2A573FC68628A57A58A2)3A7F28A(57A73257AE1)25A!F685AC886C834389AAA

3!32 A E1C2C(8756 A (57 A F3E7 A 657583!7 A E57 A E82C$32)57 A 2C8)65((57 A 58 A $36C8F3657 A EC27 A (57A F+7564C83F27 A 2)3 A 43522528 A E1'865 A E945(F957& A (5 A EF)$528 A 7 A 32E32)5 A 9C(5$528 A (57 A +3(C27A F6657F2EC28AC)*AE3!!9652835(7A52865AE9@7A58A2C377C257&A)37A52865AC6634957A58AE9C687A6973E52835(7&A

E5)37A(5ABA-.G7A4(A56$58AC3273AE5AF278C856A(CA(C5A6F377C285AE57A6F577)7 A$36C8F3657AEC27A(57A 94F()83F27AE9$F6C32)57AF7383457AE57A5283897A6)6C(57A3(F67A2)5A(57A2778A73B53485362A87C7A697528528A E57A+3(C27A$36C8F3657A29C83!7AF)A2)(7AE5)37A(57AC22957A-.&A3(7AF28A989A!F685$528AF7383!7AEC27A(57 A

2!F2A57A FC68628A57A 58 AB A2!8"57A C)AF)67AE5A(CA$'$5A963FE5&A58A3(7A(5A7F28AAEC27A)25A$F32E65A

$57)65AAE5452)7AC)A7532AE57A2!F2A573D62857A52865A-...A58A7ARA&7ASA/32C(F27AC)773A2)5A(57A +3(C27 A 2C8)65(7 A F7383!7 A F28 A 989 A 58 A 7F28 A 3245675$528 A (57 A ()7 A !F687 A EC27 A (57 A 5283897 A )6+C3257 A 58A

FC68628A57ARA&GASA58ARA&PASAAF)6A-...7&A)2AF278C8A2)3A6524F35AC77)69$528AC)*A6?(57AE5A

6F577)7A$36C8F3657AC7797A58A,AE57A(F32)57A8(32)57&AEF28A2F)7A65C6(56F27AEC27A(CA7)385AE5A(1C683(5A

26 CA) $%A2$):%A+A(A! ' )%A, %- 1A3A*' %A(A(AA A

'$!A*A' % $%A$;$A:A%%

>F$$5 A 3( A 43528 A E1'865 A 6975289& A 5 A 7F28 A +352 A (57 A 9C257 A $36C8F3657 A F7383!7 A 2)3A F2863+)528A$C0F638C365$528AC)*A652F)45C)*AE9$F6C32)57AE57AC$C257A!6C2%C3757A3!32AE5A 693756A5885AF+7564C83F2A9296C(5&A2F)7AF27C656F27A(5A65785AE57A86C385$5287A,A)25A98)E5AE98C3((95 A E57A$36C83F27A6973E52835((57A,AE57832C83F2AE57AC$C257A!6C2%C3757<&AE1F633257A)6+C3257A58A6)6C(57A #5AEF)$528APA6FF75A)25A65697528C83F2A6C32)5AC6995AE57AE9(C5$5287A6973E52835(7 A 52865A(57AE3!!9652857AC89F6357A7C83C(57AE5A2F865A88F(F35AE57A+C77327AE5A435A!6C2%C37AB65$3@65 A F2!36$C83F2&A2F)7A6586F)4F27A(57A73257AE1)25A!F685AF)67)385AE57A6F577)7AE5A963)6+C237C83F2 A DA(57A9C257A,A(1C4C28C5AE57A2!F2A573FC68628A57&AC45A(57A2778A73B53485362A87C73"ARAPAAD5A ()7& A C) A 7532 A E5 A 57 A C$C257 A 9639632)57& A (5 A662 3 5A 3 4985 3 B5 3 FC6862A872E89AA C)53((528 A E57A 4F()$57A3$F68C287AE5AF)(C83F2&AE1F633257A)6+C3257ARA-AA$C37AC)773A52A6F452C25AE)A FC68628A3B53F69$8!8ECA RAPAA>57A697)(8C87AF2!F68528AC3273A(18F8@75AE1)2A98C(5$528A)6+C32A 8F)0F)67A86@7AC83!&A75AF)67)34C28AC)8F)6AE57A6323C(57A$986FF(57A!6C2%C3757A58A75A9296C(37C28A, A 6F*3$389AE5A?(57A32856$9E3C3657A 7 AQ2A25A5)8A33A8F8C(5$528A5*()65A(132!()525AE5A$FE3!3C83F27ACF68957AC6A(145/66A,A7CAE9!32383F2AE57AF)(C83F27 A $)233C(57A58A,A7CAF$8C+3(389A78C837832)5AE5A568C3257AF)(C83F27ABC6A5*5$(5&A(57A98)E3C287A$C05)67A52A328562C8&A(57 A $3(38C3657 A (F97 A EC27 A )2 A 98C+(3775$528 A $3(38C365 A 58 A (57 A 567F2257 A E9852)57 A EC27 A )2 A 98C+(3775$528 A 92385283C365 A 7F28A E97F6$C37A5265378697AEC27A(57AF$$)257AE5A57A98C+(3775$5287A4245675$528&A(57A9(@457A58A98)E3C287A$325)67A(F97AEC27 A )25A389A)23456738C365AF)A)2A!F856AE198)E3C287A7F28AF$897AEC27A(57AF$$)257AE5A(5)6A6973E525A!C$3(3C(5A>5885AE5623@65 A $FE3!3C83F2AF)66C38AC4F36A852EC25A,AF2!(56A(57A6563757A695((57AE57AF$$)257A6)6C(57A(57A$F327A5)(957

8

A345A(CA$375A52A(C5AE1)25A$98FE5AE5AF((585AC22)C(3795AE57AEF22957AE)A655275$528&A,AC6836AE5A7&A(145/66ACA (F32)5$528A98C+(3A)25A2F)45((5AE9!32383F2AE57A$36C8F3657A 6973E52835((57 A6((57A25AF6657F2E528 AE97F6$C37A()7AC)*A E9$92C5$5287A69C(3797AE5)37A(CA699E5285AEC85AE5A655275$528&A$C37A,A5)*AC8C28A5)A(35)AC)AF)67AE57AAE5623@657 A C22957AC4C28A655275$528ADC27A)25A4F(F289AE1C6$F235&A(5A+3(C2A$36C8F365A33A6FF79A578A)2A7F(E5A$36C8F365ACC6528A 52865A(57ABA-...A58A7&A2)3AF6657F2EAAC)AE3!!9652835(A52865A(5A7F(E5AE9$F6C32)5A58A(5A7F(E5A2C8)65(A

9

A /F28 A F273E9697 A F$$5 A $36C287 A EC27 A 58 A C683(5& A 8F)7 A (57 A 32E343E)7 A C8C28 A C) A $323$)$ A C29 A E5 A F$$)25 A E5A 6973E525AC)AF)67AE57AAC22957A699EC28A(CAEC85AE5A(5)6A655275$528AF)6A(5AF$85AE)ABA7A

(7)

C$!%A=#A1) $%A*%((A+AA%A(A! ' )%A, %- A4.7789

62A65F68C28A(57AF633257A58A(57AE57832C83F27AE57A!()*A$36C8F3657A6973E52835(7&A5AEF)$528 A CF685A527)385AE57A9(C36C57A$C05)67A7)6A(1C886C834389AE57AC)8657AC$C257A!6C2%C3757A4(A56$58 A E90, A E5 A F278C856 A 2)5 A (C A 2)C738F8C(389 A E57 A 9C257 A $)8)5(7 A C45 A (57 A2778A7 3 B5 3 485 3 62A87C7 3,A (15*583F2AE)A6623946856A75A694@(5AF738345&AC)A6F!38AE57AE3!!9652857A5283897A6)6C(57A#57A2!F2A57 3

B A2!8"57ACC6C377528A(57A()7AC886C83457&A58A2F8C$$528AC)A65C6EAE)A4F()$5AE5A(5)6AF)(C83F2 A

6973E5285A.AA#57A32E343E)7A2)3AF37377528A5885AE57832C83F2A7F28A$C0F638C365$528AE1F633257 A )6+C3257ARA.A&A$C37AC)773A52A6F452C25AE1C)8657A8857AE5AC$C257ARAP7AADC27A)25A $F32E65A$57)65&A(57 A2!F2A573D62857A 697528528A9C(5$528AE57A9C257AF7383!7AC45A(57A5283897A )6+C3257 A 58 AFC68628A57& A F$$5A (5 A662 3 F5 3 B5A75 3 26895 3 48588 3C45A (57 A2778A7 3 B53 485 3 62A87C7A RA 7AA58A(5A6623946856AC45A(5AFC68628A3B53F69$8!8ECARAGAAEAC)8C28AE5AF278C8C83F27A2)3&AC)E5(,A E5 A F2!F6856 A (13E95 A E1)25 A C886C834389 A $36C8F365 A E5 A 2F$+65)757 A C$C257 A $986FF(38C3257& A 694@(528A)25A9896F929389AE57A(F32)57AE19C25A58A(C377528A697C56AE5A!F6857AE37C63897A75(F2A(57 A 6F!3(7AE57AF)(C83F27A3$(32)957A 34C28AE5A713289657756AEC27A(CA86F373@$5AC6835AE5A58AC683(5AC)*AC6C89637832)57A32E343E)5((57 A E57AF)(C83F27A3$(32)957&A)2AC6F!F2E3775$528AE5A(1C2C(875AC775AC6A)25A98)E5AE57AE378C257 A 65(C83457AC6F)6)57AC6A(57A2F)45C)*AC+38C287ADFAAB()735)67AF+7564C83F27A3$F68C2857A7F28 A 2F8C$$528A,A!C365A2)C28AC)*AF3E7AE57A$36C83F27A32856257A58AE5A6F*3$389AEC27A(57AE9(C5$5287A 2)3AC+F)8377528A,AE57A3278C((C83F27AC)A7532AE15283897A6)6C(57A #CA65$3@65AC6835AE)AEF)$528AA56$58AE198)E356A(57A4F()$57A58A(57AC687AE57A$36C83F27A 6973E52835((57 A2)3A75A7F28AE96F)(957AC)A7532AE1)2A$'$5A885AF)A7F)7885AE157C5A>57A697)(8C87A 78C837832)57ACC6C377528AC775CAE37C6C857A75(F2A(57AC89F6357A7C83C(57A62A5!!58&A73A)25A(C65A$C0F6389 A E57A$36C83F27A4567A(57A2778A73B53485362A87C7A6F43528AE5A5885A$'$5A528389A&-.AS&A(57AC$C257A !6C2%C3757A852E528A()8?8A,AC)53((36AE57A$36C287A5*89635)67A>5AF278C8A578AC683)(3@65$528A46C3AF)6A (57 A2!F2A573FC68628A57A 58A(57 A2!F2A573B A2!8"57A 75)(5$528AP.&P ASA58APG&-7 ASAE5A$36C83F27A 32856257&AC(F67A2)5A(57 A2!F2A573D62857A 697528528A)2A437C5A()7AF286C789A-&ASAF)6A(5 A662 3

946856A 58AP&GASAF)6A(5 A6623F53B5A75326895348588A3)E5(,AE5A57AE3!!965257A52865A8857AE5A

C$C25&A(57A$36C83F27A32856257A75A694@(528A2F$+65)757&A52A4F()$5AF)A52A6FF683F2&A58A6524F3528 A C4C28A8F)8A,AE57AE9(C5$5287AE5A!C3+(5AE378C25A2)5A2F)7AF)4F27AC2C(8756AC45A(CA7)385AE)A8C+(5C)A

(8)

C$!%A>#A1) $%A*%((A%%AA*A'$?A* %A(A! ' )%A, %- A$'$( %A4.7789

62A5!!58&A(57A$36C83F27A6973E52835((57AC8C28A5)A(35)AC)A7532AE1)2A$'$5AE9C685$528ACC6C377528A(C65$528A$C0F638C3657AF)6A(57 A 2!F2A57 3

FC68628A57AG7&.ASA58A(57A2!F2A573D628573.&PASAEA(57A6FF683F27A7F28AC6AF2865A()7A!C3+(57AF)6A(57A 2!F2A573B A2!8"57A&-ASA58A(57A2778A7 3 B53485362A87C7A .&. ASA/3A568C3257AC89F6357A7C83C(57 AC8836528 A69!9652835((5$528 AE57A6973E5287 A6F57&AE1C)8657AA6323C(5$528 A,AEF$32C285 A

6973E52835((5A58A8F)637832)5AA65%F34528A()8?8AE57A32E343E)7AE1F633257A(F328C3257A>38F27AC6A5*5$(5A(5A 6623%32EE62E848EC3E9687E8"536C78B5AE85535E3B5365E628E5 3 2)3ACAC)53((3A()7AE5AP&ASAE5A$36C287A452)7AE1)25AC)865A693F2A$986FF(38C325A#5AC7AE)A 6623F53B5A7532689535E348588A578A9C(5$528A86@7A32896577C28&A )372)5A+5C)F)A E5A757A2F)45C)*A 6973E5287 A43522528 AE1)25 AC)865A693F2 A!6C2%C375A P&G. ASA F)AE5A (1986C256A G& ASA D1C3((5)67& A 57AE5623@657 A F+7564C83F27A652E528AC77)69$528AF$85AE1)2A+C7)(5$528A6F65773!AE1)25AC6835AE57A+C77327AE5A435A2)3AF$F75A5885AC89F635AE385A D6285&A4567A)25A EF$32C285A6973E52835((5&A8F)637832)5A58AC886C8345

(9)

= A / A4B429B9 A CB173452EB9 A 4E45DB9 A B6 A 472D9 A CB9 A 87EFB5EA 4B92CB869 #1F+0583!AE5A5885A86F373@$5AC6835A578AE1C6F!F2E36A(57AC2C(8757A699E52857A52A98)E3C28A(57 A 6F!3(7A7F3FE9$F6C32)57AE57AF)(C83F27A2)3A43522528A713278C((56AEC27A(57AC$C257A!6C2%C3757A D5)*A32E3C85)67A756F28A5*()7345$528A33A$F+3(3797A"A(1=5A58A(CAC89F635A7F3F6F!5773F225((5A#5A 65$356A56$5886CAE198)E356A(57A6C832)57A$36C8F3657A75(F2A(57A86C257AE1=5A#57AEF22957AE)AB A 7A!F285((57A8F)0F)67ACC6CT865AE5A!F6857AE34565257AC45A(1C4C295AEC27A(5A8(5AE5A435ALAK)5(7A 57C57A7F28A6343(9397AC6A(57A()7A05)257&A58AC6C((@(5$528AC6A(57A()7A=97AL #57A>/BA56$5886F28A527)385AE15*C$3256A(CAF$F7383F2A7F3C(5AE57A32E343E)7A$36C28A4567 A (57AC$C257A!6C2%C3757AK)5((57A6F5273F27A7F3C(57AF)4F272F)7AF+756456AEC27A(CACC389AE57A F)(C83F27A,AC256AE5A(35)AE5A6973E525ALAK)5(7A6F)57A7F3C)*AC6833528AC)0F)6E1)3A,A(CA (15*85273F2AE57A6F577)7AE5A963)6+C237C83F2A58AC)AE945(F5$528AE1C)8657A6563757A6)6C(57 ALAA

16 &!(A*A+AA) $%A*%((A (A($%A(A@)A A

>F$$5A3(ACA989A9$37A(18F8@75A699E5$$528&A(57A86C385$5287A69752897AEC27A5885AC6835 A DFA&ADFAGA4F28AF2!36$56A(CA567378C25AE5A!F6857A793!33897AE57A6C832)57A$36C8F3657A75(F2 A (57AF7383F27AE57A32E343E)7AEC27A(5A8(5AE5A435A Q+7564F27AE90,A2)5A(57A3285273897AE57AE9(C5$5287A6973E52835(7A7F28A86@7AE3!!9652857A75(F2 A (57A9296C83F27ADFAAD5A$C23@65A5)A7)6652C285&A(57A05)257AC83!7ACC6C377528AF$$5A(57A()7 A $F+3(57&A52A4F()$5A58A52A6FF683F2AA..A&A7F38A7&PASAE57A7PAC27&A7)3437AC6A(CA86C25A E1=5AE57APAC27A7A7A&A7F38A7-&-ASA33273&A(57AC25$5287A6F!5773F225(7A58A!C$3(3C)*&A 2F$+65)*AC)AF)67AE5A57AE5)*A9296C83F27&A75$+(528A+352A8F)0F)67A(57A6323C)*AE9(525)67 A E57AC25$5287AE5AEF$33(5AD5A()7&A(5AEF)$528AAF2!36$5A2)1)25A(C65A$C0F6389AE57A9C257 A 657583!7A 52865 A2778A7 3 B5 3485 362A87C7A 58A 5283897 A6)6C(57 A75A !C38 A 52 A!C45)6A E5A 57 AE5623@657 A6((57A CC6C377528AC3273AC886C83457AF)6AE57A6F)57AE1=5A9896F@257 /3 A 2F)7 A C2C(87F27 A $C32852C28 A (57 A C6C89637832)57 A 9F6C32)57 A E5 A (5)67 A E9(C5$5287 A 69!9652835(7&A3(7A75A694@(528A86@7AE37C6C857A#57A7PAC27A58A(57APAC27A6343(93528A(57A 2!F2A57 3 FC68628A57A(F672)13(7A6F43522528AE5A2778A73B53485362A87C7A65758345$528ARAG.APA58ARA-P.A-A DF A  A 4(7 A F27838)528 A C3273 A E57 A C85)67 A $C05)67 A E57 A 5*85273F27 A 963)6+C3257 A F285$F6C3257 A DC27A)25A$F32E65A$57)65&A(57AE82C$32)57AE5A57A9296C83F27A7F28A652!F6957AC6AE57A$36C83F27 A 6F452C28AE57 A2!F2A573D62857A RA.A&A2)3AF6657F2E528A568C325$528A,AE57A98)E3C287AF)AE5A 05)257AC83!7AC8C28 A(CA29577389AE5A650F32E65 A)2A?(5 A)6+C32& A7F)4528 A6F5& AF)6A52C56A(5)6 A C6F)67A 6F!5773F225( A D5A ()7& A (57 A -P A C27A 58 A (57 A P A C27 A 713278C((528 A 6323C(5$528 A ,A (C A 9639635AE57A6C2E57AC(F$96C83F27A!6C2%C3757&A$C37AC)773AE5A?(57A()7A$FE57857ADFAGA5F)7 A 6586F)4F27 A 33 A (57 A 73257 A E5 A 65$3567 A 3245783775$5287 A 3$$F+3(3567& A E5 A (C A C68 A E132E343E)7 A , A (C A 65565 A E1)2 A (F5$528 A CEC89 A , A (5)6 A 2F)45((5 A 738)C83F2 A !C$3(3C(5 A (C7732)5$528& A )25 A $C37F2 A 32E343E)5((5 A C45 A )2 A 5838 A 0C6E32& A EC27 A )2 A (F83775$528 A 69528& A 58 A 6F5 A E5 A (5)6 A (35) A E5 A 86C4C3( A )6+C32A#5AEF)$528AGA(C3775A9C(5$528A52437C56A)25A6F!F2E5A86C27!F6$C83F2AE57A86C$3E57 A E1=5A(FC(57AC6A(57A$36C83F27A9639632)57AE57A05)257AC83!7ADA (CAEF$32C285A!F295AE57A!()*A 62!32&A568C3257AF$C6C37F27A(FC(57A52865A-PAC27A58APAC27A!F28A697C56AE57A3278C((C83F27 A 9639632)57 A ()7 A (F328C3257 A F)6 A (57 A 65$3567 A >5885 A F+7564C83F2 A F2!36$56C38 A (5)6 A 29577389 A 9F2F$32)5 A E5 A 719(F3256 A F)6 A C9E56 A , A (C A 6F63989& A $C37 A (195((5 A E) A +C7732 A E5 A 435 A 58 A (C A 56758345A2C83F2C(5A25A56$588528A)@65A33AE1C6F!F2E36A5AF328

(10)

C$!%AA#A1) $%A*%((A($%A(A %!2A*B@)A+AA%A(A ! ' )%A, %- A$'$( %A4.7789

(11)

#57A9296C83F27A7)34C2857AGAC27&AGAC27&AAC27A58A()7A697528528AE57A4F()$57A58AE57A 6F5273F27A,A(CA$36C83F2A6973E52835((5A()7A!C3+(57&A2)3A75A$C8963C(37528A437)5((5$528AC6A)25A +C3775A E5A(1328527389AE57A!()*ADFAA>5A7F28AC)773A(57A6C832)57A$36C8F3657A2)3AC2528AC45A(1C4C29A52A =5&A58A2)3A43522528AC528)56AE57AE82C$32)57A9$5652857A5CA(57APAC27A62A5!!58&A(57A2!F2A57 3

B A2!8"57A 58 A (57 A2!F2A57 3 D62857A E543522528 A E5 A ()7 A 52 A ()7 A 6343(93957 A C6 A (57 A F)(C83F27A

F6332C3657AE57A2778A73B53485362A87C7ARAAA58ARAAAF)6A(57AGAC27&ARA-APA58ARA-7APA F)6A(57AGAC27A6((57A(5A7F28AC)773AC6A5((57A6F452C28AE57A2!F2A573FC68628A57AC6A5*5$(5AC45A (57AGAC27A"ARA-AAF)6A(57A2!F2A573B A2!8"57358ARAAAF)6A(57A2!F2A573D62857A

C$!%A6#A(?A) $A*%(A+AA%A(A %A*A+A ?A($%A (A %!2A*B@)A4.7789

627)385& A (1C4C295 A EC27 A (5 A 8(5 A E5 A 435 A 694@(5 A )2 A C((F25$528 A 7323!3C83! A E57 A E378C257A C6F)6)57 A C6 A 5)* A 2)3 A $36528& A C3273 A 2)1)25 A E3!!)73F2 A ()7 A (C65 A 58 A 4C6395 A E57 A !()* A E1F633257A )6+C3257ADFAGA#CA693F2AC63735225ACC6CT8A33A69F2E96C285&A85((5A)25A(C5A!F685A9$588635A/)6A (CA+C75AE)ABA7A58AE5A2F865A(C773!3C83F2A7C83C(5&A52436F2A-PAA32E343E)7AE5A()7AE5AAC27AF28 A 2)3889A(5A+C7732AE5A435AE5ABC637AF)6A713278C((56AEC27A(57AC$C257A!6C2%C3757.A4(7A6343(93528A(57A

!C%CE57 A $C6383$57 A 9E38566C295& A 38(C2832)5& A C25& A (5 A 52865 A 58 A (5 A 7)EF)578 A E) A C87A" A E57A E57832C83F27A2)3AF6657F2E528A$C0F638C365$528AC)A6623%32EE62E848EC3E9687E8"536C78B5AE85535E3B5365E628E5A

A

AB()735)67A5783$C83F27A78C837832)57A92F2957AEC27A5AC6C6C5&A58AEC27A(CA7)385AE5A(1C683(5&A25A7F28AC7A69752857AEC27A(57A 86C385$5287A6FF7957A6((57AF28A989A6C0F)8957AC)AF67AE)A85*85AC!32AE5AE945(F56A58AE15*5$(3!356A(1C6)$528C365

(12)

#1C4C295 A 52 A =5 A EF225 A 52!32 A , A 4F36 A E57 A 69C0)785$5287 A $36C8F3657 A 2)3 A F6657F2E528 A 7F)4528 A , A E57 A $36C83F27 A 32856257 A 58MF) A E5 A 6F*3$389& A 98)E3957 A E5 A $C23@65 A (F+C(5 A EC27 A (5 A EF)$528AA#57A2!F2A573D62857A7F28A33AC683)(3@65$528AF2562957AB()7AE5AASAE57A$36C83F27A 6973E52835((57AE57AGAC27A,AE57832C83F2AE5A57AC$C257AF28A989A69C(37957A52A3285625&A$C37AC)773 A -&7 A S A F)6 A (57 A G A C27 A 58 A GP&7S A F)6 A (57 A ()7 A E5 A  A C27 A 33273& A 73 A )25 A 852EC25 A , A (1C((F25$528AE57AE378C257A$36C8F3657AC45A(1C4C25$528A52A=5A5)8A'865AF278C895&A5((5A25AEF38 A C7 A C56 A (13$F68C25 A E57 A E9(C5$5287 A 6973E52835(7 A 6F57& A 58 A (19896F929389 A E57 A 6C832)57 A $36C8F3657A2)3AF28AF)67AC)A7532AE5AC2)5A86C25AE1=5A

26 C+A$! (AA) $%A*%((A (A($%A(A! )$AA A

$!$'$,$%%((

>5885 A E5623@65 A 7F)7C6835 A 6FF75 A )25 A C2C(875 A E5 A (C A F$F7383F2 A 7F3C(5 A E57 A 2F)45((57A F)(C83F27A$36C28A4567A(57AC$C257A!6C2%C3757ADFA&ADFA&ADFA.A3A(13278C6AE57A86C257 A E1=5&AF278C8F27A8F)8AE1C+F6EA2)5AC6$3A(15275$+(5AE57A>/B&A568C3257A697528528AE57A852EC257 A ()7AF)A$F327A!F6857A,A(CA$36C83F2A6973E52835((5& A52A4F()$5A58MF)A52A6FF683F2 ADFAA#57 A 5$(F897&A(57A6F!5773F27A32856$9E3C3657A58A(57AF)463567AF28AC6A5*5$(5A989A(57A()7A2F$+65)*A, A C256AE5AF$$)25AE5A6973E525A7)6A(CA963FE5A98)E395A65758345$528A7 A77GA&A7A-AA58A -AGA&A7F38A7G&.AS&AP&ASA58A7&-ASA#57AC63)(85)67A5*(F38C287A58A(57AC6837C27&AF$$56%C287& A 5!7AE1528656375AF28AC6AF2865A989A75)(5$528AP.AA58AP7A A7F38A&ASA58A77&P ASA>57A EF22957A(F+C(57AF6657F2E528AC3273A,A(CA!F37A,AE1329C(57A6F5273F27A,A(CA$36C83F2&A58A,AE57 A 6FF683F27A86@7A9896F@257A65697528957AC6AC2)5A>/BAEC27A(CAF)(C83F2AC8345A!6C2%C375A4(A8 A CA(,A)2AF278C8A57752835(A,AC6E56A52A$9$F365AF)6AC2C(8756A(57A6F577)7A$36C8F3657A6973E52835(7& A EF28A5)*A,AE57832C83F2AE57AC$C257A!6C2%C3757A K)5((57A7F28A(57AC89F6357A7F3F6F!5773F225((57A(57A()7A3$(32)957AEC27A(CAF)67)385AE57 A 6F577)7AE5A963)6+C237C83F2A52A;6C25A$986FF(38C325ALAD1C6@7A)25AC2C(875AC6995ADFA&A(57 A 6F!5773F27A32856$9E3C3657ACC6C377528AF$$5A(5A6F)5A69EF$32C28&AC45A)2A7F(E5A$36C8F365A F7383!AE5ARAA7&A52865A2778A73B53485362A87C7A58A2!F2A573FC68628A57A7F38AG7ASAE57A$36C83F27AE5A 5885A>/BAE1F633257A)6+C3257A#57A5$(F897A58A(57AF)463567A52A4F()$5ARAGP AA58ARA.A-&A C3273A2)5A(57ACE657&A6F!5773F27A3285((58)5((57A7)9635)657A52A6FF683F2AGPASAE57A$36C83F27AE5 A 5885 A >/B A E1F633257 A )6+C3257& A CC6C377528 A C)773 A F$$5 A E57 A C85)67 A 5286C)* A E57 A 5*85273F27 A )6+C3257 A F285$F6C3257 A D5663@65 A 5885 A 65(C8345 A E34567389 A 7F3C(5& A 75 A C5 A 29C2$F327 A E57 A 69!965257 A 7C83C(57 A 9639632)57 A 65(C8345$528 A $C62)957 A DF A  A #57 A CE657& A 6F!5773F27A 3285((58)5((57 A 7)9635)657 A 75 A 7F28 A 6323C(5$528 A 3278C((97 A C)8F)6 A E57 A 6C2E57 A C(F$96C83F27 A F$$5ABC637&A#8F2&A#3((5&ADF)(F)75&A5C2857AAC6A5*5$(5&A52A2)388C28A(57 A2778A73B53485362A87C73 F)6A(57A2!F2A573FC68628A57&AG&ASAF28AF373A(5AFC68628A3B53F69$8!8ECA"ARA7.AA&AC(F67A2)5A(57A F)463567AF28A989A(57A()7A2F$+65)*A,A45236A6973E56AEC27A(5A 66235A349853B53FC6862A872E89AA.&7ASA"ARA 7.A-&AF6657F2EC28AC)*A96396357A(F328C3257AE57A6C2E57AC(F$96C83F27A58AC)*AF)6F2257AE57 A 583857 A C3657 A )6+C3257 A #C A F)67)385 A 32E923C+(5 A E57 A 6F577)7 A E5 A 963)6+C237C83F2 A 852E A C3273 A ,A 71CF$C256AE1)25A656FE)83F2AE5AC6C8@657A79(583!7&A2F8C$$528AC6A)25A396C635A8F)0F)67 A 86@7A$C62)95AE57A63*A3$$F+3(3567A52A!F283F2AE5A(CAE378C25AC)*A528657AE57A43((57

(13)

C$!%A8#A1) $%A*%((A($%A(A! )$A$!$'$,$%%((A+A A %A(A! ' )%A, %- A$'$( %A4.7789

(14)

#57 A E3783283F27 A 7F3F6F!5773F225((57 A 694@(528 A E1C)8657 A 793!33897 A E57 A 6C832)57A $36C8F3657 A 6973E52835((57 A 5F8F27 A C6 A 5*5$(5 A 2)1, A (13278C6 A E57 A F+7564C83F27 A !C3857 A , A C6836 A E57 A 86C257 A E1=5& A (1C886C834389 A E57 A2!F2A57 3 B A2!8"57A 5)8 A '865 A F278C895 A , A 86C4567 A (57 A >/BAE A (57A 3278C((C83F27AE1F633257A)6+C3257AEC27A(5 A6623%32EE62E848EC3E9687E8"536C78B5AE85535E3B5365E628E5A 7F28AC6A 5*5$(5A2F$+65)757&A52A4F()$5AF)6A(57A6F!5773F27A32856$9E3C3657ARA- AA58A(57A5$(F897ARA -PAP&A58A52A6FF683F2AF)6A(57AC6837C27&AF$$56%C287&A5!7AE1528656375A-&ASAD5A()7&A)25 A C68A7)9635)65AE57A6F)57A7F3C)*A(57A()7A9(5497ACE657&A6F!5773F27A3285((58)5((57A7)9635)657A58 A 6F!5773F27 A 32856$9E3C3657 A C6C38 A 437)5((5$528 A CE585 A E5 A $36C83F27 A E5 A (F2)5 A E378C25& A 6323C(5$528 A C) A E9C68 A E) A +C7732 A E5 A 435 A E5 A BC637 A 4245675$528& A 58 A $'$5 A 73 A (57 A EF)$5287A 6FF797A33A25A56$588528AC7AE5A(5A65(5456&A3(A578A+F2AE5AC6E56A,A(157638A2)5A(57AE3!!9652857A>/B A 7F28AF2562957AC6AE57A6FF683F27A3$F68C2857AE5A$36C83F27A32856257&A7F)4528AF669(957AC45A E57AE9(C5$5287AE5A6F5A52A6F5A>57A8857AE5AC25$5287AE5AEF$33(5ACC6C377528A33 A C683)(3@65$528 A 3$F68C287 A EC27 A (57 A2!F2A57 3 D62857A  A 2F8C$$528 A9468&657A & A 58 A F2562528A $C0F638C365$528 A (57 A 5$(F897 A 58 A (57 A F)463567 A 62 A 5!!58& A ()7 A E5 A  A S A 58 A GP A S A E57 A $36C83F27 A 6973E52835((57AE57A32E343E)7AE5A57A>/B&A4567A(57A2!F2A573D62857&AF28A989A69C(37957A52A3285625

C$!%A<#A(?A) $A*%(A+AA%A(A %A*A+A ?A ($%A(A! )$A$!$'$,$%%((A4.7789

(15)

12 A E562356 A EF)$528 A 6FF75 A E1C2C(8756 A (57 A E82C$32)57 A $36C8F3657 A 793!32)57 A C)* A 6586C3897&A58A56$58A7)68F)8AE5AF278C856A(5)67A3$F68C287AE9C687AB5732778A73B53485362A87C7A4567A(57A E3!!9652857AC$C257A!6C2%C3757AEA2)13(A71C3775AE57A2!F2A573FC68628A57ARA-GA&AE57A2!F2A57 3

D628573RA.-A7AF)AE57A2!F2A573B A2!8"57ARAG.APADFA.A62A5A2)3AF25625A5885AE5623@65A

C89F635&A(57A$36C83F27AE5A6586C385A7F28AC)773A652!F6957AC6AE57A9C257A$)8)5(7AF7383!7AC45A(57 A C)8657 A C$C257 A 65758345$528 A R A -A. A 58 A R A -7A A 5F)7 A 6586F)4F27 A 33 A )2 A 568C32A 9(3F86F37$5AF278C89AC6AC4C28&A2)3ACAEF2A852EC25A,A71C528)56AC45A(1C4C29A52A=5AD5A()7& A (57A6586C3897A2)388528A6323C(5$528A52A4F()$5A(5A+C7732AE5A435AE5ABC637ARA. A&AF)6A(1F)578&A(5A 52865& A (5 A 7)E A E) A C87& A 58 A 2F8C$$528 A (57 A !C%CE57 A $C6383$57 A #5)67 A $36C83F27 A 7F28 A C)773 A 2F2 A 29(35C+(57A4567A(5AC773!A>5286C(A58A(1C663@65C87A6F452%C(&AC3273A2)1C)AE9C68AE57A6323C(57 A $986FF(57A693F2C(57AF$$5ADF)(F)75&AIF6E5C)*&A#8F2&A4567A(5)67A96396357A(F328C3257AAA

C$!%A5#A1) $%A*%((A*A A%A %!A$'$( %A4.7789

3)*A856$57AE5A58AC683(5&A2)3AC4C38AF)6AC$+383F2AE5AF2E)365A)25AC2C(875A()635((5AE57 A 6563757 A E9$F6C32)57 A F285$F6C3257 A EC27 A (57 A C$C257 A !6C2%C3757& A 3( A !C)8 A 8F)8 A E1C+F6E A 7F)(3256A(CA43)5)6A8F)0F)67A5!!58345AE57A6F577)7AE5A963)6+C237C83F2A58AE5AE3!!)73F2A)6+C325 A >57AE82C$32)57A6578528A6323C(5$528AC(3$528957AC6A(57A05)257A(C7757A$F852257AC83457&A$C37 A C)773AC6A)25A568C325AE34567389A7F3C(5AE57AF)463567& AE57A5$(F897& AE57ACE657&AE57A6F!5773F27 A 32856$9E3C3657AD5A()7&A73A5((57A719852E528A8F)0F)67A()7A(F32AC)8F)6AE57A6323C(57A$986FF(57&A58 A 2F8C$$528 A (57 A ()7 A C886C83457ABC637& A #8F2& A 5C2857& A F285((356& A DF)(F)75& A IF6E5C)*& A 5((57A 852E528A52AC6C((@(5A,A75A9296C(3756A,A6F*3$389AE1C(F$96C83F27A58AE5A?(57A()7A$FE57857AAA

BC6AC3((5)67&AC)E5(,AE57A6F65773F27AE9$F6C32)57AE36585$528A(3957A,A(1C886C834389A)6+C325&A 2F)7AC4F27A6975289A)2A437C5AE345673!39AE57A652F)45C)*AE57AC$C257A!6C2%C3757A125A852EC25A, A (15*85273F2AE57A6563757ACA989AF2!36$95A>568C3257A7F28ACC6)57AC683)(3@65$528AC886C83457&AF$$5A (57 A2!F2A573B A2!8"57A E)A7)EA58AE5A(1F)578AE)AC87&A,AEF$32C285A6973E52835((5A58A8F)637832)5&A2)3A C)53((528A69!9652835((5$528AE57A6F!5773F27A32856$9E3C3657&AE57A5$(F897&AE57ACE657&AE57A32E343E)7A ,A(1C6F5A58AC)AF)67AE5A(CA6586C385AGAC27A58AGAC27AD5A$C23@65AC6C((@(5&A(57 A2!F2A57 3 E3857AD62857AA52A65$356A(35)A(536623F53B5A75326895348588AA697528528AC)773AE57A852EC257AE5A()7A52A ()7AF7383457&AEC27A(5)67A9C257A657583!7AC45A(57A5283897A)6+C3257A58A963)6+C3257&A58A2F8C$$528 A 5CA(57A6586C3897&A(57A5$(F897&A(57AF)463567A58A52F65A(57A6F!5773F27A32856$9E3C3657A

(16)

3)A!32C(&A2F7AE3456757AC2C(8757AE57A6563757AE9$F6C32)57A6)6C(57A!6C2%C3757AE6577528A)2 A F686C38A9896F@25&A,A(CA!F37AE57AC$C257AF2562957A58AE57AF)(C83F27A3$(32)957A>5AF278C8 A C5((5 A C77)69$528 A E57 A C6F!F2E3775$5287& A 58 A 52 A C683)(356 A C6 A (5 A E945(F5$528 A E198)E57 A 7F3FE9$F6C32)57A58A7F3F9F2F$32)57AE57A2F)45((57AF)(C83F27A6)6C(57A>1578A52A8F)8AC7A(C A 4F35A2)5A2F)7A7)34F27AEC27A2F7A86C4C)*AE5A8@75&A52ACF68C28A)25AC885283F2AC683)(3@65A,A(198)E5 A E5A!F6$57AE5A52863!3C83F2A6)6C(5AA,A(13278C6AE1C2C(8757A69C(37957AEC27A(57AC$C257A+638C2232)57 A B3((37&A7.A&A58AC)*A$36C83F27AE5A6586C385A,AE57832C83F2AE57AC$C257A!6C2%C3757

B%! *A"ACA4!%%A*A( A'$'( $%AA3 (D, (A*A*$%%A(

#57A86C385$5287A69752897AEC27A58AC683(5A65F7528A5*()7345$528A7)6A(15*(F38C83F2AE5AEF22957 A 45/66AE)A655275$528AE5A(CAF)(C83F2&AE37F23+(57A52A(325A>5)*3A7F28AE1)25AC68A83697AE5 A +C757AE5A3!!57A(97AE)ABA7A58AE5AEF22957AC6$F237957AE57ABA-.GA,A-...A5*(F38C83F2 A 6323C(5& A F)6 A (C A 69C(37C83F2 A E) A EF)$528 A 7 A D1C)865 A C68& A (5 A !3356 A E98C3( A 4>QU A 5*(F38C83F2 A F$(9$528C365 A C A 989 A (C A 6323C(5 A 7F)65 A F)6 A (57 A EF)$5287 A P A , A - A /3 A (57 A C4C28C57AE)ABA7F28A+352AF22)57A635775&A69373F2&A65697528C834389A58A(5A652E528A2)C73$528 A 32F28F)62C+(5&A2)5(2)57A69C)83F27AE132856698C83F2A3$F68C2857A7F28A,A732C(56AC6A6CF68AC)*A 86C385$5287A33A69C(3797A"

 A #5 A EF)$528 A 7 A 6975285 A E57 A 94F()83F27 A E9$F6C32)57 A 7)6 A (5 A 85$7 A (F2& A C6 A 963FE5 A 3285652738C365& A 58 A 2F8C$$528 A F)6 A -..-... A 58 A -...7 A 3 A (C A 7)385 A E) A B A -... A 58 A (C A F278C8C83F2AE1)25A7F)75783$C83F2A9296C(5AE5A5A655275$528A52436F2A AA32E343E)7&AE57A C0)785$5287 A 2F2 A 693F2C(3797 A F28 A 989 A 3286FE)387 A C6A (145/66 A F)6 A 652E65 A ()7 A F9652857 A (57 A F$C6C37F27 A C45 A (57 A 655275$5287 A 699E5287 A 58 A 7)34C287 A D5 A 5 A !C38& A 8F)857 A (57 A C2C(8757 A A F$$5AEC27A(5AC7A697528AAE57A94F()83F27AE9$F6C32)57A,A)2A2345C)A32!6CA2C83F2C(A,AC6836 A E)ABA-...&AF28A()8?8A852EC25A,A(57A7F)75783$56AF)6A-..-...&A58A,A(57A7)65783$56AF)6 A -...7 A#CAE5)*3@$5A65$C62)5AF25625A(57AEF)$5287AGA58A&AF)6A(572)5(7A2F)7AC4F27A656975289AE57 A !()*A$36C8F3657A6973E52835(7AC45A)2A75)3(A$323$C(A65(C8345$528A+C7AA32E343E)7AEAE1C)8C28A2)5A(CA 7F)65A F6657F2EA,A)25A5*(F38C83F2AF$(9$528C365AE)A655275$528AD5A!C38&A2F)7AF)663F27 A '865A33A, A)25A(3$385AE132856698C83F2AC775CAEC2565)75A73A2F)7A563F27A,AC2C(8756AE5A$C23@65 A 32E343E)C(3795A58A(FC(3795A568C327A9C257A$36C8F3657AC37A(57AE3!!9652857AC6857A6FF7957A7F28A +352A,A5*C$3256AEC27A(5)67AF2!3)6C83F27A9F6C32)57A9296C(57&A58A52AC))2AC7AC6A5*5$(5 A 52 A 56C28 A , A 6583656 A E57 A 4F()$57 A 6937 A E5 A $36C287 A 52865 A )25 A F63325 A 58 A )25 A E57832C83F2A C683)(3@657AA AD1C)8657AF3287A$98FEF(F32)57&A2)3AF2562528A6323C(5$528AE57A$FE3!3C83F27A3286FE)3857 A C45A(CA2F)45((5A!F6$)(5AE)A655275$528A7G&A7F28A$5283F2297AEC27A(57A2F857AE5A+C7AE5AC5AAA 15

(17)

E($) '2ACA

I6//VB46D4AB&AJ4#3#A&A/>J4DDAIA7- A9AD57A94F()83F27AE9$F6C32)57A6)6C(57A F286C78957A(3957A,A(CA6F*3$389A58AC)*AE82C$32)57A)6+C3257A:& A7F253F9F2E89A73'98CEC7 32W-7&AA -.PG I15A3&A/D6BJ35AN&AIQ5DQ5AN>AE367A-..A15362AB32E273B5323(62A536625&A453 />66/M6EANBAE5AF2CC&ABC637&A.A D3D3A7P A)553(62A5366253F9633*3+9AE68E89A3%3A53A94553F98E8"53B53BC459FF5!5AE 3 6623B625&A#CAD9F)45685&ABC637&AA D1I1>A/A7A9AD82C$37$5A6)6C(5A"A(15!!58AE57A583857A43((57A:&A1,57F253C962F#8"5&A2W-&AAG.  45/66A-..A15732!F2A5735E356734857&ABC637&A7PA 45/66&A52AF((C+F6C83F2AC45A(X4;65&A(X453&A(5A/>66/&A(CAD3D3A7PA 'E6E62E89A3B53-57F25 3 662A.3A532FF69#53F2635732778A73B53485&ABC637&A--A N1#465ABA7A9A#CA;6C25A52A-.-GAIC77327AE5A435A:&A/9A9!8535E3'E2E87E8"5732W7&AA7P. F3V/6AIA-..&A12365A28772A536625303'9899853B5732!F2A573B3!9AB5398B5AE2 &A36$C2EA>F(32&A BC637&AP-GA

#33546A N&A H46556A DA 7.& A 9A55275$528A E5A(CA F)(C83F2 AE5A 7G AA#CA6F377C25A 6586F)495AE57A57C57A6)6C)*A58AE57A6C2E57A43((57A:&A1A7553265!8&65&A2WA-7-&AAA

#6AI3/AJA7&A157333! 7E&6573B5323F9F2E89A3D62A42875&AQE3(5ANCF+&ABC637&APPA 6#45ABA7.&A1,5$9B53628A&A#CAEF)$528C83F2A!6C2%C375&ABC637&A2WPP&A-GAA

Q6#AI&A6DQABA7G&A9A622)'857AC22)5((57AE5A655275$528A7A58A7AA#CA6F377C25A E9$F6C32)5A7X9852EA8F)0F)67A()7A(F32AE57A43((57A:&A1A7553265!8&65&A2WA-&AA

B645 A D& A 3#6D A N A E367 A 7P A157 3 F98E8"57 3 B5 3 BC459FF5!5AE 3 6623. 3 62FF96E 3 B5 3 ,8A7E2A5 3

B,C422E89A&A#CADF)$528C83F2A!6C2%C375&ABC637&A.A

BJ4#4BB/AA7.AY52863!3C83F2&A)6C(Z&A1AE56A2E89A235A 9F5B8239D3#!2A35962F# &A6(754356&AA PGP

/65>6I6 A V& A #6B4>46 A D A 7 A 9A36C83F27 A 6973E52835((57 A E5 A (1)6+C32 A 4567 A (5 A 6)6C( A 52A ;6C25A" A E3!!96523C83F2 A 7F3C(5 A E57 A 6F!3(7 A 58 A 7969C83F2 A 7C83C(5A:& A7F25755!F7A5EA 88"MM57C5785$7258MEF)$528778$(AA&A37A52A(325A(5A-AC3A7

D3#35D46AA7& A6A3A94523!9B&53B53BC459FF5!5AE3#9673!CE69F9872E89A353273B3!9AB53662 3

Références

Documents relatifs

Abbreviations used: DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase; GFP, green fluorescent protein; GST, glutathione S-transferase;

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide