HAL Id: hal-02050668
https://hal-mines-albi.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02050668
Submitted on 27 Feb 2019
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of
sci-entific research documents, whether they are
pub-lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.
Numerical simulation of failure prediction for ceramic
tools: comparison with forging test results
Frédéric Deschaux-Beaume, Fabrice Schmidt, Nicole Fréty, Thierry Cutard,
Jean-Claude Boyer, Christophe Levaillant
To cite this version:
Frédéric Deschaux-Beaume, Fabrice Schmidt, Nicole Fréty, Thierry Cutard, Jean-Claude Boyer, et
al.. Numerical simulation of failure prediction for ceramic tools: comparison with forging test
re-sults. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Elsevier, 1999, 92-93, pp.502-507.
�10.1016/S0924-0136(99)00225-3�. �hal-02050668�
!"#$%&'() *&#")(+&,- ,. .(&)"%$ /%$0&'+&,- .,% '$%(#&' +,,)*1
',#/(%&*,- 2&+3 .,%4&-4 +$*+ %$*")+*
56 7$*'3("89:$("#$
(;<; 56 ='3#&0+
(; !6 5%$>+?
@; A6 B"+(%0
(; C6B6 :,?$%
'; B6 D$E(&))(-+
( (!"#$% &%' ()*%' &+,$-). /0102 ,$-). 345*"%@65-#457#)4% &% 89:')"#;<9)=)% &% $5 (57)%>4% <#*&%*'%?%. @*)A%4')7%? (#*7B%$$)%4 C. 2D1EF (#*7B%$$)%4. 345*"% 'GHI,;6:#*. JEJC0 K)$$%L4-5**%. 345*"%
!"#$%&'$
F.%('+"%$/%$0&'+&,-'%&+$%&,-.,%@%&++)$#(+$%&()*3(*@$$-&-+%,0"'$0&-+3$GHDDIJK-&+$9$)$#$-+',0$&-,%0$%+,/%$0&'++3$%&*L9,.9
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
M%:N#4&'O 5&-&+$9$)$#$-+ #$+3,0Y 5%('+"%$ /%$0&'+&,-Y B$%(#&'*Y 5,%4&-4
() *+$%,-.'$/,+
M*,+3$%#() .,%4&-4 &* ( E$%? $..$'+&E$ .,%#&-4 /%,'$** .,% *,#$ %$.%('+,%? ()),?*; *"'3 (* -&'L$)9@(*$0 #(+$%&()*6 A3&* +$'3-&R"$ *3,")0 ()),2 +3$ /%,0"'+&,- ,. -$(%9-$+9*3(/$ /(%+* 0&%$'+)? .%,# /%$.,%#* ,. *&#/)$ *3(/$6 Z,2$E$%; +3$ /%,'$** &* @(*$0 ,- +3$ *"/$%/)(*+&' /%,/$%+&$* ,. +3$ .,%#&-4 #(+$%&()*; (-0 &+ #"*+ @$ '(%%&$0 ,"+ (+ 3&43 +$#/$%(+"%$ (-0 ),2 *+%(&- %(+$6 A3&* #$(-* +3(+ +3$ #(+$%&() .,% +3$ .,%4&-4 0&$*; 23&'3 2&)) @$ "*$0 (+ +3$ *(#$ +$#/$%(+"%$ (* +3$ 2,%L/&$'$; #"*+ ',-*$%E$ 3&43 #$'3(-&'() /%,/$%+&$* (+ 3&43 +$#/$%(+"%$6 A3$ .,%44 +,,)* (%$ ('+"())? #(0$ &-[,9@(*$0 ()),?*; @"+ +3$ 3&43 %$('+&E&+? ,. +3&* $)$#$-+ 2&+3 ,8?4$- &#/,*$* +3$ '(%%?&-4 ,"+ ,. +3$ /%,'$** "-0$% (-&-$%+ 4(*6 A3$ "*$ ,. '$%(#&' 0&$* *3,")0 @$ ( )$** $8/$-*&E$ 2(? (* +3$ 4,,0 ,8&0(+&,- %$*&*+(-'$ ,. +3$*$ #(+$%&()* 0,$* -,+ %$R"&%$ ( ',-+%,))$0 (+#,*/3$%$6
Z,2$E$%; '$%(#&'* (%$ &-3$%$-+)? @%&++)$6 A3&* '3(%('+$%9 &*+&' )$(0*; &- /(%+&'")(%; +, ( 2&0$ E(%&(+&,- &- +3$ #(+$%&()
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`]6 Z,2$E$%; #,*+ ,. +3$ *+"0&$* &- +3&* K$)0
3(E$ @$$- #(0$ @? +3$ !(+&,-() F$%,-("+&'* (-0 =/('$ F0#&-&*+%(+&,- \deb]6 F ',#/"+$%&*$0 0$*&4- /%,4%(# .,% +3$ %$)&(@&)&+? $E()"(+&,- ,. '$%(#&' ',#/,-$-+* 3(* @$$-0$E$),/$0 .%,# +3&* %$*$(%'3 2,%L6 A3&* *,.+2(%$ '(- @$ ',"/)$0 +, +3$F!=f=;F:FgI=;!F=AhF!(-0BH=[H=',##$%9
'&() K-&+$9$)$#$-+ /%,4%(#*6 !$E$%+3$)$**; ()) ,. +3$*$ /%,4%(#* (%$ &-',-E$-&$-+ .,% +3$ *&#")(+&,- ,. +3$ .,%4&-4 /%,'$** (* )(%4$ *+%(&-* +(L$ /)('$ &- +3$ 2,%L/&$'$6
A3$ #(&- ,@S$'+&E$ ,. +3&* *+"0? &* +, 0$E$),/ ( K-&+$9 $)$#$-+ #,0$) .,% +3$ .(&)"%$ /%$0&'+&,- ,. '$%(#&' .,%4&-4 0&$* (* ( ."-'+&,- ,. +3$ *$%E&'$ ',-0&+&,-* &- ,%0$% +, &#/%,E$ +3$ 0$*&4- ,. +3$*$ ',#/,-$-+*6
0) 12#'%/3$/,+ ,4 $52 4&/6.%2 3%2-/'$/,+ #,4$7&%2 CP0P Q4)77$% R45"7L4% =#&%$$)*S
A3$ 2&0$ E(%&(+&,- &- +3$ *+%$-4+3 #$(*"%$0 .,% @%&++)$ #(+$%&()* &* 0"$ +, +3$ -(+"%$ (-0 0&*+%&@"+&,- ,. &-+%&-*&' #&'%,*',/&' Q(2*6 A3$*$ Q(2* (%$ "-(E,&0(@)? /%$*$-+ (* ( %$*")+ ,. +3$ #(+$%&() #(-".('+"%&-4 (-0 #('3&-&-4 ,/$%(9 +&,-*; ,% ,. ( 0(#(4$ /%,'$**6 7&*+&-'+&,- #"*+ @$ #(0$ @$+2$$- E,)"#$ (-0 *"%.('$ Q(2*; 23&'3 )$(0 +, 0&..$%$-+ *+%$-4+3 0&*+%&@"+&,-*6 M- +3$ '(*$ ,. ( ',(%*$ #(+$%&() #&'%,*+%"'+"%$; +3$ E,)"#$ Q(2* (%$ 4$-$%())? #,%$ '%&+&'() +3(- +3$ *"%.('$ Q(2*6 Z,2$E$%; +3$ *"%.('$ Q(2* #(? @$ #,%$ '%&+&'(); .,% $8(#/)$; &- +3$ '(*$ ,. %,"43 #('3&-&-4 ,% ,. ,8&0&*$0 *"%.('$ *+(+$*6 A3$ &0$-+&K'(+&,- ,. +3$ -(+"%$ ,. '%&+&'() Q(2* ()),2* ,-$ +, '3,,*$ +3$ (//%,('3 +, +3$ (-()?*&*6 M. ( *"%.('$ Q(2 &* '3,*$-; +3$ E,)"#$ Q(2* (%$ (**"#$0 +, @$ -,+ %$*/,-*&@)$ .,% +3$ .%('+"%$6
F* +3$ Q(2 0&*+%&@"+&,- '(--,+ @$ 0$+$%#&-$0; *,#$ *+(+&*+&'() ."-'+&,-* (%$ "*$0 +, 0$*'%&@$ +3$ *+%$-4+3 E(%&(9 @&)&+? ,. ( ',#/,-$-+6 A3$ P$&@")) #,0$) 3(* @$$- '3,*$-&- +3$ /%$*$-+ *+"0? @$'("*$ +3$ *+(+&*+&'() /(%(#$+$%* (%$ $(*? +, 0$+$%#&-$ $8/$%&#$-+())?6 A3$ P$&@")) +3$,%? (**,'&(+$* ( *+%$-4+3 !'+, $('3 $)$#$-+(%? E,)"#$ i$ N,%
$)$#$-+(%? *"%.('$ =$ .,% +3$ *"%.('$ (//%,('3O6 A3$ *+%$-4+3 ,. +3$ #(+$%&() &* '3(%('+$%&*$0 @? +3$ 0&*+%&@"+&,-."-'+&,- ,.!'; 0$-,+$0 3N!O; 23&'3 &* 0$K-$0 (* +3$ -"#@$%
,. ()) $)$#$-+(%? E,)"#$* N*"%.('$*O 3(E&-4!'! !; 0&E&0$0
@? +3$ +,+() E,)"#$ N$8+$%-() *"%.('$O6 A3&* ."-'+&,-()*, 4&E$* +3$ /%,@(@&)&+? 8 ,. %0,#)? '3,,*&-4 (-$)$#$-+(%? E,)"#$ N*"%.('$O 3(E&-4 ( *+%$-4+3 $R"() +, ,% )$** +3(- !; ,% ()*, +3$ /%,@(@&)&+? +3(+ +3&* E,)"#$ .(&)* "-0$% +3$ *+%$**!1
8"!'! !# $ 3"!# NTO
F-? 0&*+%&@"+&,- ."-'+&,- #(? @$ 2%&++$- &- +3$ .,%#
3"!# $ T % $8/"%""!## NVO
23$%$"N!O #"*+ @$ ( /,*&+&E$ (-0 -,-90$'%$(*&-4 ."-'+&,-; E(-&*3&-4 (+ ( E()"$!"; '())$0 +3$ +3%$*3,)0 *+%$**6
A3$ (0E(-+(4$ ,. +3&* $R"(+&,- (//$(%* 23$- ',-*&0$%&-4 +3$ .(&)"%$ /%,@(@&)&+? ,. +3$ *+%"'+"%$ ',-*+&+"+$0 @? ()) +3$
$)$#$-+(%? E,)"#$* N*"%.('$*O; "*&-4 +3$ 2$(L$*+9)&-L +3$,%?6 P3$- *"//,*&-4 +3(+ +3$ +,+() E,)"#$ K N*"%.('$ IO .(&)* &. (-? ,-$ ,. &+* /(%+* .(&)*; +3$- +3$ /%,@(@&)&+? ,. -,-9.(&)"%$ 8!5; "-0$% ( "-&.,%# "-&(8&() ),(0!; &* $R"() +,
8!5$ "T % 8#*$ $8/"%*""!## NWO
23$%$ * &* +3$ -"#@$% ,. $)$#$-+(%? E,)"#$* N*"%.('$*O ,. +3$ *+%"'+"%$ NK$ *i$ ,% I $ *=$O6
A3$ .(&)"%$ /%,@(@&)&+? 8*,. +3$ *+%"'+"%$ +(L$* +3$- +3$
*&#/)$ .,%#
8*$ T % $8/"%*""!## NUO
P$&@")) '3,*$ ( /,2$% .,%# .,% +3$ ."-'+&,-"N!O; 23&'3 &* +3$ *&#/)$*+ ."-'+&,- *(+&*.?&-4 +3$ 4$-$%() ',-0&+&,-* 0$*'%&@$0 /%$E&,"*)?1 ""!# $ !% !! " c ! "= N_O 23$%$ !"; !c (-0 = (%$ /(%(#$+$%* 0$/$-0&-4 ,- +3$ '3(%('+$%&*+&'* ,. +3$ #(+$%&()6 A3$ +3%$*3,)0 *+%$**!"&* "*"())? +(L$- (* $R"() +, j$%,6
A3$ +2, ,+3$% /(%(#$+$%* '(- +3$- @$ &0$-+&K$0 $(*&)? @? ',#/(%&*,- 2&+3 +3$ %$*")+* ,. .%('+"%$ +$*+*6
M- +3$ '(*$ ,. ( -,-9"-&.,%# "-&(8&() ),(0!; +3$ .(&)"%$ /%,@(@&)&+? +(L$* +3$ &-+$4%() .,%# 8E$ T % $8/ % T i$ # K ! !c ! "= 0K $ % & ' N`O .,% +3$ E,)"#$ (//%,('3; ,% 8*$ T % $8/ % T =$ # I ! !c ! "= 0I $ % & ' NdO .,% +3$ *"%.('$ (//%,('36
A3$ /%$E&,"* %$)(+&,-*3&/ '(- @$ 4$-$%()&*$0 +, #")+&9 (8&() *+%$** *+(+$*6 A2, *+%(+$4&$* (%$ (E(&)(@)$1 +3$ K%*+ ',-*&*+* ,. ',-*&0$%&-4 (- $R"&E()$-+ *+%$** +3(+ '3(%('9 +$%&*$* +3$ ),(0&-4 (+ $('3 /,&-+; +3&* '%&+$%&( *,#$+&#$* )$(0&-4 +, "-*(.$ $*+&#(+$* ,. +3$ .(&)"%$ /%,@(@&)&+?Y 23&)*+ +3$ *$',-0 ',-*&*+* ,. (**"#&-4 +3$ &-0$/$-0$-'$ ,. +3$ ('+&,-* ,. $('3 /%&-'&/() +$-*&)$ *+%$** \V]6
A(L&-4 &-+, ('',"-+ +3$ K%*+ (//%,('3; P$&@")) /%,/,*$0 +3$ '()'")(+&,- ,. (- $R"&E()$-+ *+%$** @? (E$%(4&-4 +3$ -,%#() +$-*&)$ *+%$**$* &- ()) 0&%$'+&,-*6 A3&* #,0$) )$(0* +, ( ',#/)$8 &-+$4%() .,%#")(+&,-; 23&'3 #(? &-'%$(*$ +3$ ',#/"+(+&,- +&#$6
M- ,%0$% +, ,@+(&- *3,%+$% ',#/"+(+&,- +&#$*; ,-)? +3$ #(8&#() -,%#() *+%$** 3(* @$$- ',-*&0$%$0 &- +3$ /%$*$-+ #,0$); (* 3(* @$$- 0,-$ @? ,+3$% &-E$*+&4(+,%* \_]6 A3&* E(%&(@)$ &* ()*, +3$ #(8&#() /%&-'&/() *+%$** (+ $('3 /,&-+ ,. +3$ *+%"'+"%$6
M- +3$ *$',-0 (//%,('3; +3$ .%('+"%$ /%,@(@&)&+? 0$/$-0* ,- ()) +3$ +$-*&)$ /%&-'&/() *+%$**$*6 A3$ &-0$/$-0$-'$ ,. +3$ ('+&,-* ,. +3$ /%&-'&/() *+%$**$* #$(-* +3(+ +3$ %$)&(@&)&+? ,.
+3$ *+%"'+"%$ &* +3$ /%,0"'+ ,. +3$ %$)&(@&)&+? ,. +3$ &-0&E&0"() /%&-'&/() *+%$**$* ('+&-4 &-0$/$-0$-+)?6 A3$ .%('+"%$ /%,@9 (@&)&+? &* +3$- 4&E$- @? +3$ .,)),2&-4 %$)(+&,-*3&/1
8E$ T % $8/ % T i$ # K !T !c ! "= & !!V c ! "= & !!W c ! "= ! " 0K $ % & ' NkO .,% +3$ E,)"#$ (//%,('3; ,% 8*$ T % $8/ % T =$ # I !T !c ! "= & !!V c ! "= & !!W c ! "= ! " 0I $ % & ' NbO .,% +3$ *"%.('$ (//%,('3; 23$%$!T;!V(-0!W(%$ +3$ /,*&+&E$
/%&-'&/() *+%$**$* ,% +(L$ +3$ E()"$ j$%, .,% +3$ ',#/%$**&E$ /%&-'&/() *+%$**$*6
M+ &* &-+$%$*+&-4 +, -,+$ +3(+ &- @,+3 #,0$)*; +3$ ',#/%$*9 *&E$ *+%$**$* (%$ -,+ +(L$- &-+, ('',"-+6 A3$ .%('+"%$ &* *"//,*$0 +, @$ ()2(?* +3$ %$*")+ ,. +$-*&)$ *+%$**$*6 A3&* '3,&'$ 3(* @$$- #(0$ @$'("*$ +3$ ',#/%$**&E$ .%('+"%$ *+%$-4+3 ,. '$%(#&'* &* +3%$$ ,% .,"% +&#$* 4%$(+$% +3(-+3$ +$-*&)$ *+%$-4+36 M+ &* E$%? "-)&L$)? +3(+ ( *+%"'+"%$ .(&)* "-0$% +3$ $..$'+ ,. ',#/%$**&E$ *+%$**$*6
CPCP HL=%4)"5$ )*74#&L"7)#* #R 79% =#&%$
A3$ #,0$) 0$*'%&@$0 /%$E&,"*)? 3(* @$$- &-+%,0"'$0 (* ( *"@%,"+&-$ &- +3$GHDDIJK-&+$9$)$#$-+ ',0$ \Tc]6GHDDIJ&*
( */$'&()&*$0 *,.+2(%$ 0$E$),/$0 @? M!=F9D?,- \TT] &-,%0$% +, /%$0&'+ +3$ *+%$** *+(+$ &- +3$ 2,%L/&$'$ (-0 +3$ *"%%,"-0&-4 +,,)* 0"%&-4 ( .,%4&-4 /%,'$**6 5&%*+; +3$ +3$%#,9#$'3(-&'() (-()?*&* &* ('3&$E$0; )$(0&-4 +, +3$ '()'")(+&,- ,. +3$ *+%$** +$-*,% (+ $('3 /,&-+ ,. +3$ +,,)*; 23&'3 (%$ *"//,*$0 +, *3,2 ( /$%.$'+)? $)(*+&' @$3(E&,"%6 A3$-; +3$ .(&)"%$ /%,@(@&)&+&$* ,. +3$ +,,)* (%$ 0$+$%#&-$0; "*&-4 +3$ P$&@")) /(%(#$+$%* (-0 +3$ '%&+$%&( '3,*$- @? +3$ "*$%6
M. i$ ,% =$ (%$ (%@&+%(%&)? +(L$- +, @$ $R"() +, T; +3$ 0&*'%$+$ 0$',#/,*&+&,- ,. +3$ #,0$)* 4&E$*
8E$ T % $8/ % ( &$) ( &4 !T !c ! "= K"&4# ) NTcO .,% +3$ E,)"#$ (//%,('3; ,% 8*$ T % $8/ % ( &-' !T !c ! "= I"&-'# ) NTTO .,% +3$ *"%.('$ (//%,('3 &. +3$ #(8&#() /%&-'&/() *+%$** '%&+$%&( N[G=O &* '3,*$-; (-0
8E$ T % $8/ % ( &-' ( &4 (W )$T !T !c ! "= K"&4# * ) NTVO .,% +3$ E,)"#$ (//%,('3; ,% 8*$ T % $8/ % ( &-' (W )$T !) !c ! "= I"&-'# ) NTWO .,% +3$ *"%.('$ (//%,('3 &. +3$ /%&-'&/)$ ,. +3$ &-0$/$-0$-+ ('+&,-* NGMFO &* '3,*$-6
!T;!V;!W(%$ +3$ /%&-'&/() *+%$**$* &- +3$ l("** /,&-+ &4 ,.
$)$#$-+ &$) ,% &- +3$ ',-+,"% -,0$ &-' N!T' !V' !WO ,% (%$
$R"() +, j$%, .,% +3$ ',#/%$**&E$ /%&-'&/() *+%$**6 KN&4O &* +3$ E,)"#$ (**,'&(+$0 2&+3 +3$ l("** /,&-+ &4; (-0 IN&-'O &* +3$ *"%.('$ (**,'&(+$0 2&+3 +3$ ',-+,"% -,0$ &-'6
A3$ $)$#$-+(%? .(&)"%$ /%,@(@&)&+? 7G%; ,% ),'() %&*L9,.9 %"/+"%$; &* ()*, '()'")(+$0 (+ $('3 l("** /,&-+ &- +3$ '(*$ ,. +3$ E,)"#$ (//%,('3; (-0 &-+$%/,)(+$0 +, +3$ -,0$*6 A3&* E(%&(@)$ ',%%$*/,-0* +, +3$ .%('+"%$ /%,@(@&)&+? ,. (- $)$9 #$-+(%? E,)"#$ ,. ',-*+(-+ *&j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
8) 926/&"/6/$: &+&6:#/# 3%,'2-.%2 4,% '2%&;/' 4,%</+< $,,6#
2P0P G&%*7)R)"57)#* #R "4)7)"5$ R$5N 7:B%
h$)&(@&)&+? (-()?*&* ,. '$%(#&' *+%"'+"%$* 2&+3 +3$ *,.+9 2(%$ 0$*'%&@$0 /%$E&,"*)? K%*+ %$R"&%$* ( .(&)"%$ '%&+$%&( +, @$ '3,*$- ',%%$*/,-0&-4 +, +3$ #(+$%&() (-0 +3$ "*$ ',-9 0&+&,-*6 M. +3$ '3,&'$ @$+2$$- [G= (-0 GMF '%&+$%&( '(--,+ @$ #(0$ @? ',-*&0$%&-4 /3?*&'() ,@*$%E(+&,-*; +3$ '3,&'$ ,. +3$ +?/$ ,. (//%,('3 N*"%.('$ ,% E,)"#$O #"*+ @$ @(*$0 ,-+3$*$ ,@*$%E(+&,-*6
M- +3$ '(*$ ,. ( .,%4&-4 /%,'$** 2&+3 '$%(#&' +,,)*; +3$ #(+$%&() *+%$-4+3 &* #,0&K$0 @$'("*$ ,. +3$ 0(#(4$ &-3$%$-+ +, +3$ "*$ ',-0&+&,-*6 A2, +?/$* ,. Q(2* '(- @$ '%$(+$01 *"%.('$ Q(2*; $**$-+&())? /%,0"'$0 @? +3$ ,8&0(+&,- ,. +3$ #(+$%&() (+ +3$ .,%4&-4 +$#/$%(+"%$Y (-0 &-+$%-() Q(2* N#&'%,'%('L*O; 23&'3 '(- @$ .,%#$0 @$'("*$ ,. +3$ #$'3(-9 &'() ),(0&-4 ,. +3$ +,,) ,% @$'("*$ ,. +3$ +3$%#() '?')$*6
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
5&%*+; &+ &* +, @$ -,+$0 +3(+ +3$ ,8&0&*$0 #(+$%&() 3(* ( ),2$% *+%$-4+3 +3(- +3$ &-&+&() #(+$%&()6 A3$- &+ (//$(%* +3(+ #$'3(-&'() (-0 +3$%#() '?')$* 3(E$ -, *&4-&K'(-+ $..$'+* ,-+3$ #(+$%&() '3(%('+$%&*+&'*6 A3$ *+%$-4+3 0&*+%&@"+&,- ,. ,-+3$ #(+$%&() (.+$% #$'3(-&'() '?')$* &*; &-0$$0; E$%? '),*$ +, +3(+ ,. +3$ &-&+&() #(+$%&(); (-0 +3$ *+%$-4+3 0&*+%&@"+&,- ,. +3$ #(+$%&() (.+$% ,8&0(+&,- (-0 +3$%#() '?')$* &* (//%,8&#(+$)? +3$ *(#$ (* .,% +3$ "-'?')$0 ,8&0&*$0 #(+$%&()6
A3&* #$(-* +3(+ +3$ *"%.('$ Q(2*; '%$(+$0 @? +3$ ,8&0(+&,-,. +3$ #(+$%&(); (%$ #,%$ '%&+&'() +3(- +3$ &-&+&() Q(2*; ,% +3$ &-+$%-() Q(2* %$*")+&-4 .%,# '?')&' ),(0&-46 F'',%0&-4 +, +3&* %$*")+; +3$ *"%.('$ (//%,('3 #"*+ @$ '3,*$- .,% +3$ '()'")(+&,- ,. +3$ %$)&(@&)&+? ,. +3$ '$%(#&' +,,)* 0"%&-4 +3$ .,%4&-4 /%,'$**6
2PCP T%7%4=)*57)#* #R '757)'7)"5$ B545=%7%4'
A3$ *$',-0 *+$/ ,. +3$ %$)&(@&)&+? (-()?*&* ,. +3$ '$%(#&' +,,) ',-*&*+* ,. +3$ $8/$%&#$-+() 0$+$%#&-(+&,- ,. +3$ *+(9 +&*+&'() /(%(#$+$%* ,. +3$ P$&@")) #,0$) ',%%$*/,-0&-4 +, +3$ #(+$%&() (-0 +3$ /%,'$**&-4 ',-0&+&,-*6 5,"%9/,&-+ @$-09 &-4 +$*+* N5&46 VO (%$ '(%%&$0 ,"+ (+ TUVW X ,- ( *$+ ,. H */$'&#$-* ,8&0&*$0 /%$E&,"*)? (+ TUVW X .,% _c 36 A3$ .(&)"%$ /%,@(@&)&+? ,. $('3 *(#/)$ &* 4&E$- @? +3$ $R"(+&,-8$8$
)
H& T NTUO
23$%$ ) &* +3$ %(-L ,. +3$ #(8&#() *+%$** !#(8 &- +3$
',%%$*/,-0&-4 */$'&#$- (+ +3$ .%('+"%$ /,&-+6!#(8&*
4&E$-@? !#(8$ W V 3"6 % T# -9V NT_O
A3$ P$&@")) 0&*+%&@"+&,- ',%%$*/,-0&-4 +, +3$ @$-0&-4 +$*+*; &- +3$ '(*$ ,. *"%.('$ '%&+&'() Q(2*; '(- @$ $8/%$**$0 (* .,)),2*1 8+3$ T % $8/ %I$.. !#(8 !" ! "= ! " NT`O 23$%$ I$.. &* +3$ $..$'+&E$ *"%.('$ 0$+$%#&-$0 .%,# +3$
*"%.('$ &- +$-*&,-; I; ,. ( */$'&#$-1 I$.. $ # I ! !#(8 ! "= 0I NTdO ^R6 NT`O '(- ()*, @$ 2%&++$- (* )- )- T T% 8+3 ! " ! " $ )- I!$..= " ! " & = )-"!#(8# NTkO
A3$ P$&@")) /),+; 23&'3 $8/%$**$* +3$ $E,)"+&,- ,. )-N)-NTmNT% 8OOO (* ( ."-'+&,- ,. )-N!#(8O; &* "*"())? "*$0
+, %$/%$*$-+ +3$ $8/$%&#$-+() %$*")+*6 A3$ P$&@")) /(%(9 #$+$%* (%$ $*+&#(+$0 @? K++&-4 ^R6 NTkO &- +3$ $8/$%&#$-+() /,&-+* ,. ( P$&@")) /),+; "*&-4 +3$ )$(*+9*R"(%$* #$+3,0 N5&46 WO6 A3$ P$&@")) /(%(#$+$%* = (-0 !" ,@+(&-$0 (%$
$R"() +, TV6U (-0 _kc [G(; %$*/$'+&E$)?6 2P2P T%7%4=)*57)#* #R 79% N#4UB)%"% 49%#$#S:
F ."%+3$% *$+ ,. 0(+( %$R"&%$0 .,% +3$ %$)&(@&)&+? (-()?*&* &* +3$ %3$,),4&'() @$3(E&,"% ,. +3$ 2,%L/&$'$ #(+$%&()6 I-0$% .,%4&-4 ',-0&+&,-*; +3$ *"/$%()),?* 3(E$ ( *"/$%/)(*+&' @$3(E&,"%6 M- ',-*$R"$-'$; +3$ Q,2 *+%$** 0$/$-0* ,- +3$ *+%(&- %(+$6 M- ,%0$% +, 0$+$%#&-$ +3$ ',-*+&+"+&E$ $R"(+&,- ,.
5&46 T6 5%('+"%$ *+%$-4+3 0&*+%&@"+&,- ,. +3$ &-&+&() (-0 +3$ 0(#(4$0 #(+$%&()6
5&46 V6 5,"%9/,&-+ @$-0&-4 +$*+*6
5&46 W6 P$&@"))n* /),+ ,. +3$ .,"%9/,&-+ @$-0&-4 *+%$-4+3 (+ TUVW X ,. '$%(#&' */$'&#$-* ,8&0&*$0 /%$E&,"*)? (+ TUVW X .,% _c 36
+3&* #(+$%&(); +,%*&,- +$*+* 3(E$ @$$- '(%%&$0 ,"+ (+ +3$ .,%4&-4 +$#/$%(+"%$ 2&+3 +3%$$ 0&..$%$-+ *+%(&- %(+$* %(-4&-4 .%,# c6cW +, c6W *%T6 7"%&-4 +3$ +$*+; +3$ $8/$%&#$-+() +,%R"$ &* #$(*"%$0 (* ( ."-'+&,- ,. +3$ +"%- -"#@$% V6 A3$ $R"&E()$-+ *+%(&- %(+$ !# (-0 *+%(&- "" #; '()'")(+$0 (+ +3$ /$%&/3$%? ,. +3$ */$'&#$-; (%$ 4&E$- @?
!"# $ V$ !VW+++ W ( - 2&+3 !V $ 0V 07 NTbO " #$ V$ VW+++ W ( - NVcO 23$%$ W (-0 - (%$ +3$ %(0&"* (-0 +3$ )$-4+3; %$*/$'+&E$)?; ,. +3$ */$'&#$-6 A3$ i,- [&*$* $R"&E()$-+ *+%$**! &* 4&E$- @?" "
!$
+++ W (
V$W"W & #* & #=# NVTO
23$%$#*(-0=# %$/%$*$-+ +3$ *$-*&+&E&+? ,. +3$ +,%R"$ +, +3$ *+%(&- (-0 +, +3$ *+%(&- %(+$6
A3$ $E,)"+&,- ,. ! 2&+3 "" # &* /),++$0 &- 5&46 U .,% +3$ 0&..$%$-+ *+%(&- %(+$*6 A3$ '"%E$* *3,2 ( *+%$** /$(L N"!/O;
.,)),2$0 @? *,.+$-&-4 (-0 *+(@&)&*(+&,- ,. +3$ *+%$** E()"$* N"!*O6
F'',%04 +, :$%0 $+ ()6 \TV]; +3$ *+%$** /$(L ,@*$%E$0 &-+3&* +?/$ ,. #(+$%&() (+ ),2 *+%(&- )$E$)* &* 0"$ +, ( 0?-(#&' %$'%?*+())&*(+&,- /3$-,#$-,-6 A3$ #(+$%&() @$3(E&,"% '(-@$ (//%,8&#(+$0 @? +3$ #,0$) " !$ "T % %#"!/& %"!* NVVO 2&+3 " !/$ ,/!"##/&!"*$ ,*!"##* NVWO
23$%$ +3$ 0&..$%$-+ ',-*+(-+* (%$ 0$+$%#&-$0 @? K++&-4 +3$ #,0$) +, +3$ $8/$%&#$-+() %$*")+*6 #/ (-0 #* (%$ +3$ *+%(&-%(+$ *$-*&+&E&+? ',$.K'&$-+*; $R"() +, c6VV (-0 c6T_; %$*/$'9 +&E$)?; 23&)*+ ,/(-0 ,*0$/$-0 ,-)? ,- +3$ +$#/$%(+"%$ (-0
(%$ $R"() +, T_c6T (-0 Tcb6`; %$*/$'+&E$)?6 % %$/%$*$-+*
+3$ %$'%?*+())&j$0 .%('+&,-; 4&E$- @? (- FE%(#& +?/$ $R"(9 +&,- \TV]6 5&46 U *3,2* ( 4,,0 (4%$$#$-+ @$+2$$- +3$ $8/$%&#$-+() %$*")+* (-0 +3$ '"%E$* '()'")(+$0 .%,# +3&* #,0$)6
=) >,+4%,+$&$/,+ 7/$5 $52 4,%</+<?4%&'$.%2 $2#$ %2#.6$# DP0P T%'"4)B7)#* #R 79% R#4S)*S 7%'7
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
F.+$% +3$ +$*+*; %$()&*$0 "-0$% +3$ *(#$ ',-0&+&,-* ,- ( *$+ ,. '$%(#&' */$'&#$-*; +3$ .(&)"%$ /%,@(@&)&+? '()'")(+$0 .%,# ^R6 NTUO &* $8/%$**$0 (* ( ."-'+&,- ,. +3$ /"-'3 0&*/)('$#$-+6 F /%,4%(# ,. Tc .%('+"%$ +$*+* 3(* @$$-/)(--$0 +, ,@+(&- (- $8/$%&#$-+() 0&*+%&@"+&,- ,. '$%(#&' .%('+"%$6
DPCP 35)$L4% B4#-5-)$)7: "5$"L$57)#*
l,,0 (4%$$#$-+ @$+2$$- +3$ $8/$%&#$-+() %$*")+* (-0 +3$ -"#$%&'() *&#")(+&,- /%$0&'+&,-* 3(* @$$- ,@*$%E$06 5&%*+; +3$ '()'")(+&,- ,. +3$ *+%$** *+(+$ &- +3$ */$'&#$- 3(* *3,2-+3(+ +3$ ,%+3,%(0&() *+%$** &* +3$ #(8&#() ',#/,-$-+ ,. +3$ *+%$** +$-*,% &- +3$ '$%(#&' N5&46 `O6 A3&* /%$0&'+* +3(+; (+ .%('+"%$; +3$ '%('L* &- +3$ '$%(#&' */$'&#$- #"*+ @$ ),-49 &+"0&-()1 +3&* 3(* @$$- E$%&K$0 $8/$%&#$-+())? (-0 '(- @$ ,@*$%E$0 ')$(%)? &- 5&46 _6 =$',-0)?; +3$ .(&)"%$ 0&*+%&@"+&,-,. +3$ '$%(#&' */$'&#$-*; $8/%$**$0 (* ( ."-'+&,- 0&*+%&@"+&,-,. +3$ /"-'3 0&*/)('$#$-+; ,@+(&-$0 .%,# +3$ -"#$%&'() '()'")(9 +&,- (%$ /%$*$-+$0 &- 5&46 d6 A3$ $8/$%&#$-+() E()"$* #$(9 *"%$0 0"%&-4 +3$ .,%4&-4 +$*+* (%$ E$%? '),*$ +, +3$ '()'")(+$0 E()"$*6
5&46 U6 =+%$**e*+%(&- '"%E$* ,@+(&-$0 .%,# +,%*&,- +$*+ (+ TUVW X (-0
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
@) >,+'6.#/,+#
F .%('+"%$9/%$0&'+&,- /%,4%(# .,% @%&++)$ #(+$%&()* 3(* @$$- &-+%,0"'$0 &- +3$ K-&+$9$)$#$-+ ',0$GHDDIJ&- ,%0$% +,
/%$0&'+ +3$ %&*L9,.9%"/+"%$ ,. '$%(#&' +,,)* 0"%&-4 3&43 +$#/$%(+"%$ .,%4&-4 ,/$%(+&,-*6 5,% $.K'&$-+ "*$; +3$ .,)9 ),2&-4 '3(%('+$%&*+&'* #"*+ @$ L-,2-1 N&O +3$ +?/$ ,. +3$ '%&+&'() Q(2* &- +3$ '$%(#&'Y N&&O +3$ *+(+&*+&'() /(%(#$+$%* ,. +3$ .%('+"%$ *+%$-4+3 0&*+%&@"+&,- ,. +3$ '$%(#&'Y (-0 N&&&O +3$ #$+() 2,%L/&$'$ %3$,),4?6 A3$*$ '3(%('+$%&*+&'* '(- @$ #$(*"%$0 @? ')(**&'() #$'3(-&'() +$*+* N@$-0&-4; +,%*&,-,% +$-*&,- +$*+*O6
A3$ *,.+2(%$ &* +3$- ( E$%? "*$.") /%$0&'+&,- +,,) .,% +3$ .%('+"%$ ,. '$%(#&' /(%+* (*1 N&O &+ /$%#&+* +3$ /%$0&'+&,- ,. +3$ .(&)"%$ /%,@(@&)&+? ,. ( '$%(#&' +,,) 2&+3 ( 4&E$-4$,#$+%?; (* ( ."-'+&,- ,. &+* "*$ ',-0&+&,-*Y (-0 N&&O &+ '(- ()*, 4&E$ $)$#$-+* +, /%$0&'+ +3$ ),'()&*(+&,- (-0 +3$ ,%&$-+(+&,- ,. +3$ .%('+"%$ '%('L*6 =,; *"'3 ( *,.+2(%$ '(- @$ E$%? 3$)/.") &- +3$ 0$*&4- ,. +3$ 4$,#$+%? (-0 ,. +3$ 0&#$-*&,- ,. )(%4$ '$%(#&' +,,)*6
A3$ ',#/(%&*,- @$+2$$- +3$ -"#$%&'() *&#")(+&,- %$*")+* (-0 +3$ .,%4&-4 .%('+"%$ +$*+* 3(* *3,2- ( 4,,0 (4%$$#$-+6 !$E$%+3$)$**; +3$ +$*+ ',-K4"%(+&,- 3(* -,+ /$%#&++$0 0&.9 .$%$-+&(+&,- @$+2$$- +3$ +2, (E(&)(@)$ '%&+$%&( N[G= (-0 GMFO6 B,#/)$#$-+(%? $8/$%&#$-+() +$*+* ',")0 @$ /$%9 .,%#$0 &- ,%0$% +, 3(E$ ( #,%$ ',#/)$+$ ',#/(%&*,-; /(%+&'")(%)? .,% ( R"(*&9$R"&9@&(8&() *+%$** *+(+$6 H+3$% .(&)9 "%$ '%&+$%&( ',")0 ()*, @$ ',-*&0$%$0; .,% $8(#/)$; +(L&-4 &-+, ('',"-+ +3$ *3$(% *+%$**$* &- +3$ '$%(#&'6 5"+"%$ 0$E$)9 ,/#$-+* ,. +3$ *,.+2(%$ .,%$'(*+ +3$ &-+%,0"'+&,- ,. +3&* +?/$ ,. '%&+$%&(6
9242%2+'2#
\T] P6F6 P$&@")); C6 F//)6 [$'36 TkNWO NTb_TO VbW6
\V] F6[6 5%$"0$-+3(); &-1 Z6 D&$@,2&+j N^06O; 5%('+"%$; E,)6 V; F'(0$#&' G%$**; !$2 f,%L; Tb`k6
\W] F6l6 ^E(-*; C6 F#6 B$%(#6 =,'6 `T NTbdkO WcV6
\U] =6:6 :(+0,%.; C6l6 B%,*$; C6 F//)6 [$'36 UTNVO NTbdUO U_b6 \_] B6 :$%0&-; 76 :(/+&*+$; 76 C$")&-; l6 B(&))$+("0; &-1 G%,'6 ,. 5%('+"%$
G%,'$**$* &- :%&++)$ [(+$%&()*; !,,%02&SL; Z,))(-0; C"-$ TbbT6 \`] D6 l"&))("#(+; C6 D(#,-; &-1 G%,'6 ,. C,"%-$>$ -(+&,-()$* *"% )$*
',#/,*&+$*; =(&-+9^+&$--$; !,E$#@$% VV; TbbU6
\d] C6G6 l?$L$-?$*& $+ ()6; C6 ^-46 l(* A"%@&-$* G,2$% Tck NTbk`O _Uc6 \k] C6G6 l?$L$-?$*&; !6!6 !$#$+3; C6 ^-46 l(* A"%@&-$* G,2$% Tcb NTbkdO VdU6 \b] !6!6 !$#$+3; D6[6 G,2$%*; D6F6 C(-,*&L; C6G6 l?$L$-?$*&; F#6 B$%(#6 =,'6 :"))6 dVNTVO NTbbWO _b6 \Tc] 56 7$*'3("89:$("#$; 56 ='3#&0+; !6 5%$+?; C6B6 :,?$%; B6 D$E(&))(-+; C6 [(+$%6 G%,'6 A$'3-,)6 W NTbbkO Tcc6
\TT] :6 [&'3$); C6B6 :,?$%; F0E6 [(+$%6 G%,'$**&-4 A$'3-,)6 W NTbbWO TdcT6
\TV] [6 =,"'(&); D6 !(j$; F6 [,(); C6G6 5$%+$; h$E"$ ='&$-+&.&R"$ =-$'#( U NTbbWO WW6
5&46 `6 H%+3,%(0&() *+%$** 0&*+%&@"+&,- ,@+(&-$0 .%,# +3$ .,%4&-4 +$*+ *&#")(+&,- (.+$% ( /"-'3 0&*/)('$#$-+ ,. U ##6
5&46 d6 ^8/$%&#$-+() (-0 '()'")(+$0 .(&)"%$ /%,@(@&)&+? ,. +3$ '$%(#&' */$'&#$-6