Système de communication par modulation de phase différentielle de solitons
113
0
0
Texte intégral
(2)
(3) .
(4)
(5)
(6) "! $# % &
(7) & ')(+*-,/.0(1+1( 243658793;:=<?>A@CBDBDB.
(8)
(9) E FHGJI GJKML-NOGJI GJPQSR VT UXWZY\[^]9[ E`_Da YUOb cdUOe8W&U%b fg[heic-jOUlkmUOb kon E YdUl[pUqb W&Ulb YUOb [ _`E cUlb [hr _ [9sCn"YZ[9W\n E YZUJtluvT;wyx{z+|}~uU _ UjOn"k [ UW\ [hcZcdn&j E Ub [hrx{z+|}|h""8=UW[hr _ [hsCnhY\[9WZn E YdU~fDn a W E rU roUr& fiU _ ¡rie E ]"UYZc E W&UJb fiUX¢gY\[9eij¤£iUqw¥xn"k¦W&Ub § |¨h""8 h© UW E UOecUOe a YZUk E UOY _`E UOr [A YZUkªUYZj E UOY©«w¥6¬tJn&Ufi"UsiriUOY a YZnh®¯UcZcZUriY [ _ +e E ]"UOYdc E W\UfiU ¢gY\[hej¤£iUqw¥xn"k¦W&U9b a nhriY°k[^]"n E Yv[hjOjriUOr E`_`_E [hrcdU E efiUlcZnhe _ [hsCnhY\[9WZn E YdUh UOc°YdUOkoUOYdj E UkªUe8W\c¬]hn"e8WUOb "[ _ UkªUeW [² ±%&6nhYdW\U9f E YZUjW\UriYfUYZUj¤£iUOYdj¤£iUX[hrx{z|+}C a n"rY k³[^]"n E Y-jOn"e´Uµb jOU²cdr·¶dUWJfU¦YZUj¤£iUOYdj¤£iUhVUqW a n"riYcdn"e¸cZnhrW E UOe¸[hr jOn"riYdcfiU²jUOcWZYZn E c[heeUOb UcJfiU W\YZ[^]h[ E`_ h© UYdUOkoUOYZj E Uµ] E ]hUOkoUOe8W¦¹º»uJ|-£n&fiUcO a YZn9®¯UOcZcdUOriY¦[hrptJUOnhYZ E [¼½ecdW E W\rWZUªn9®°u6Uj¤£iein _ n"h¾h fD[^]"n E Yv[hjOjU a W&U%b fiU a YUOb c E fiUY _ U¬¶driYd¾h © U a Y E kªU¿k[ a Ydnh®¯n"eifU¬YdUOjOnheieg[ E cZc\[9eijOU [ 9nhrg[^¾" a Ydnh®¯UOcdcZUOrY [ _ +e E ]"UOYdc E W&UMb fiU¬T E_`_ UhOUqW [ "tJUOn"Yd"UOc9f E YZUjWZUOriYSfUYZUj¤£iUOYdj¤£iU-[hrÀx{z+|}C a n"riYS[^]hn E YXUb W&U¬b Y\[ aa n"YyW\UriYZcSfUjOUk[hericdjOY E W^ ©hUÀYZUkªUYZj E UpUOb 8[ _ UOkoUOe8W%©«w¥6»±+[hkª[ E fiU9;f E YZUjW\UriYlfiUoYZUOj¤£UOYZj¤£U [ Á _ jO[9W\U _ CfD³[^]hn E YlUq[hk E e¬U b jOUJWZY\[^]9[ E`_ . = e´geDriehY\[heifokoUOYZj E [hr&of¬Ub ein"kokmUb c¬UOk²sY\[·C© E sÃn"rD _ [X"YZ[heifiU+ [?; _ [X"Ydn"cZcdU[·C _ U}WZU®¥6z E jn _ U _ [~®¯n __ Uh}Ä9[ _Å Uhb 6Æ[ _ 6}[hkÇ}[h6©hn"r·¶dnhrifDÆ}&n"r·¶Z[·wÈcZrie;Æ|vn"rg[hew _ Ucyw aiE eicVkªUc j^[9k[hYZ[hfiUc°fiU _ [hsÃn"Y\[9WZn E YdUOc[ E eic E; r;³[hrj _ [hen"eif¬Ub W\nhriY E UOeDÉ _ [9rif¬UOb Y E UeDgUW [ª tX[ _ UWO.
(10) E`E.
(11) ÊËÌ;ÍÎ0ÏÎÉÐÑËÒVÓdÎÉÔ ÕVÎÃÐ. EE`E. Ö ×ÙØ Ú6Û Ü ÛÝ Þ ×àßpáJÛ â ã ÛÝ T E cdWZUJfiUOc+[hjYZn"e8¾kªUcX%X%XX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ] äOåÃæèç?éVê6ëìhæ?í¯éÃå î î ï¿ðñoì"éÃò ò ë6åíì"ó&æ?í§éÃåñ¦éÉôæèíõDë»ðñoôóiç~ñéCö§í÷æèéÃå6ñ ø ù ù x{[hY\[9jW&Ub Y E cdW E riUOcvfiUcv´isiYZUc+n a W E` riUcHXl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ú ù ù ù Á{WdW&Ub eri[9W E n"eûX%X%XX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ú ù ù ýü E c a UOYdc E nhe~j¤£iYZn"kª[9W E` riUX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ù ù ³ E c a UOYdc E nhe~fiU a n _ [hY E c\[9W E n"e %Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% þ ù ù ÿ  CUWZc-en"e _E e¬UOb [ E YdUOc XX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% þ ù ³ü TVUOcvcZn _E WZn"eicWZUOk a n"YdU _ c°fg[heic _ Uc°´gsiYZUcvn a W E riUOc X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ù ³ü& ù ÂSb W\[hs _`E cZcdUOkoUOe8WvfiU _ ¥U b rg[9W E n"efiU a Ydn a [h"[9W E n"eXX%Xl%X%XX%X% ù ù ³ü&ýü T»[²W\£¬UOb n"Y E UJfiUlf E ;ric E n"e E e]hUOYdcZUàl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ù ù ³ü&³ T»[µkmUb W\£n&fiUJfUXYUOb cdn _ rW E n"eerikmUOb Y E` riU
(12) %XX%X% ù ù }¾cdW UO koUOc-fiUljOn"kok²rie E j^[9W E n"esg[hcUb c+cdriY _ Uc°cZn _E W\nheicÇXX%Xl%X%XX%X% ù ú ù ù TVUc+[9k ai_E ´gjO[9W\UriYZcn a W E riUOc-%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ù ú ù ýü }W¤[hs E_`E W&Ub frcdn _`E W\n"e[hr a UYdWZriYZsg[·W E nheicÀ%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ù ù ³ =£¬Ub ein"k UO eiUc _`E k E W¤[he8W _ Uc a UOYy®¯n"YZkª[heijUOc¦fUOcµcd¾cyW UO koUOcµfUjOn"kok²rie E w jO[9W E n"e a [hYvcdn _`E W\n"eic XX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ù ù ÿ uUOj¤£e E` riUcfiUljOnheWZ Y n _ UJUOe _`E "eiU %XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% üh ù ýú uUOj¤£e E` riUcfiUlk²r _ W Eai_ Ui[9"U Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% üh ù ³ uY\[9eicZk E cdc E nheic°rW E_`E c\[he8W _ [²"UOcyW E nhefUXf E c a UOYdc E n"e%Xl%X%XX%X% ü9ÿ ù ýþ UOYy®¯n"YZkª[heijUOc-[9WZWZU E eWZUOc%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ü"ú ï¿ó0ñOéÃëç·ì"ð ñOéÃöí÷æèéÃå ! ü& ù T»[À6UOb e¬Ub Y\[9W E n"efiUlcZn _`E WZn"eic a n"riY _ UOc°cd¾cyW UO koUOc-fiU W&U b _ UOb jn"kok²rie E j^[9W E n"ei#c "MUqb W¤[9W-fiU _ ³[hYyW %Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ü"þ ü& ù ù x{[9£ E UY°fiUOc-j¤£g[hYd"UOc XX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ü"þ ü& ù ýü t UOb e¬UOb Y\[·W E nhef; E k a r _ c E n"eic¬cZn _E W\nheicv[^]"UOjXrie _ [hcdUOY°cdUOk E jOnheifirijqW\UOrY X% ü ü& ù ³ t UOb e¬UOb Y\[·W E nhefUXcdn _`E W\n"ec{rW E_`E c\[he8W°rie _ [hcZUY [² ´gsYZU Xl%X%XX%X%) ù ü& ù ÿ uUOj¤£e E` riUcfiUljOnhk a YdUOcdc E nhef; E k a r _ c E n"eic %XX%Xl%X%XX%X%)8ü ü&³ü xn"kok²rW¤[·W E nheofU8[ E eªf;rie _ [hcdUOY{J%¢ $ UqW{jOnhk a YdUOcdc E nhe _`E e¬U^b [ E YZUvfD E k a r _ c E n"eic j¤£ E Y a UOb Uc X%XX%lX%X%XX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X%)8ü.
(13) E]. 2. &. ÊËÌ;ÍÎ0ÏÎÉÐÑËÒVÓdÎÉÔ ÕVÎÃÐ ü&³ü& ù }W\YZrjW\rYZUlfD¡rie$J¢$ X%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X%)8ü ü&³ü&ýü =Y E eij E`a UJfiU _ [²jOnhkªk²r&W¤[9W E n"e~fiUl8[ E eX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X%)8ú ü&³ü&³ xnhk a YdUOcdc E nhe _E e¬UOb [ E YdUfD E k a r _ c E nheic{j¤£ E Y a Ub UOcXX%Xl%X%XX%X%) ü& } E k¦r _ [9W E n"ec XX%lX%X%XX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ÿ8 ü& ù n&f U _ UJrW E`_E cU4b %X%XX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ÿ8 ü&ýü Á=¶dricdWZUOkoUOe8W-fiUOc a [hYZ[hk U W\YdUOc a £8¾c E riUOc+fir _ [hcZUY%Xl%X%XX%X% ÿ8 ü&³ |UOb cdr _ W\[9W\c lX%X%XX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ÿ ù ü&¡ÿ E c a n"c E W E ®VU a UOb Y E kªUe8W¤[ _ X%XX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ÿ8 ü&¡ÿi ù x{[9Y\[hjqW&UOb Y E cZ[9W E n"e~fD E k a r _ c E n"ec{jOn"rYdW\Uc %X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ÿ8 ü&¡ÿiýü UOcZrYZUOc+fiUlf E c a UYZc E n"e %X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ÿ"ÿ ü&¡ÿi³ |UOb cdr _ W\[9W\c°U a UOb Y E koUOe8W¤[hr)X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ÿú ø»î '( ñæð) ò0ðñªê»ð¸ì"éÃò ò ëå6í§ì"óæ?í¯éÃå ì"+é *-ð, ç·ðåCæèñªñOéÃö§í¯æ^éCåñ ù z+n"r&]"U^[9rcdj¤£UOb kª[ªfiUlkon&fr _ [9W E n"/e .9k²r _ W E`a_ Uq[hhU°UOe8] E c\[9ÆU b Xl%X%XX%X% ú ù ù ù T»[µkon&fir _ [9W E n"efUXjn"£¬Ub YZUOejOU Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ú ù ù ýü =Y E eij E`a UJfirjn&fi[h" U .·k²r _ W E`ai_ Uq[h"U XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ú"ü ù ³ TVU%x{lÁºn a W E` riU XX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% úh ³ü ÂSb ]h[ _ rg[9W E n"efiU _ [²cdW\[hs E`_E W&Ub fiU _ [ a £i[hcZU "gWZY\[ E W\UOkoUOe8W a UOYyW\riYdsg[9W E ®~X%XX%X% ú ³ü& ù T»[²W\£¬UOb n"Y E UJfiUc a UOYyW\riYdsg[9W E n"eic°fiU _ ³Â¿}z+T X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ú ³ü&ýü x{[ _ jOr _ fiU _ [² E "riU+fiU a £g[hcdU E e8W\Ydn&fir E W\U a [hY _ UOc°[hk ai_E ´gjO[9W\UriYZc{n a W E rUOcA8ü ³ü&³ xnheWZ Y n _ UJfiU _ [µ E "riU a [9Yv´ _ W\YZ[h"UUe _E "eU %XX%Xl%X%XX%X%)hÿ } E k¦r _ [9W E n"ecerikmUOb Y E riUOc°X%XX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X%)8ú ù 0 [ _`E fi[9W E n"efirj^[ _ jOr _Va UYdW\rYZsg[9W E ® %XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X%)" ýü } E k²r _ [9W E n"efrcy¾&cyW U kªUXjOn"k ai_ UW %XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X%) ¡ÿ ÂSb W\rifiUlfirW¤[9r&fD¡UOYdYZUOrY+s E eg[ E YZUX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X%)1 3, æ?ëêð 5ð 4D6 ô ð, ç·íòAð&åÃæèógö¯ð !/& ÿi ù x{[hY\[9jW&Ub Y E c\[9W E n"eic a YU b _E k E eg[ E YZUc %X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% þh ÿi ù ù E c a UOYdc E nhe~fiU _ [Àl}¢)X%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% þh ÿi ù ýü x{[9Y\[hjqW&UOb Y E cyW E` riUcvfiUOc+[hk ai_`E ´gj^[9WZUOriYdc{n a W E` riUc X%Xl%X%XX%X% þ9ÿ ÿi ù ³ ¢ E`_ WZYZUc{n a W E` riUOcºX%XX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% þ"ú ÿi³ü 0 Ub Y E ´ij^[9W E n"e~fir a Y E eij E`a UJfiUlkªnfir _ [9W E n"efiU a £i[hcZUXf E vbUOYdUOe8W E U __ UX%XX%X% þh ÿi ÂSb W\rifiUlU a UOb Y E kªUe8W¤[ _ UJfiU _ [² E hriUJfiU a £g[hcdUlfiUOc-cZn _E WZn"eic%Xl%X%XX%X% þ ÿi ù =Y E eij E`a UJfiU _ [²koUOcZrYZUµX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% þ ÿiýü n"e8W¤[h"UlU a UOb Y E kªUe8W¤[ _ %X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% ü ÿi³ |UOb cdr _ W\[9W\c lX%X%XX%X%Xl%XX%X%XX%Xl%X%XX%X% 1 7 éCåì8ö§ë6ñ^í¯éÃå 8 ! 9µí :6ö§í§<é ;Éç?ói%ô *í¯ð 8+8.
(14) ] =pN^R6QSG >$GJR@?²L-KBAªPDCI ' Eí ;Ãå6íGFSì"ó&æ?í§éÃå. GJR. gó åH;Ãö¯ógí§ñOð ÁJ}& Ák ai_`E ´gUOf} a n"e8W¤[9eiUOn"rcÂ=k E cZc E n"e ${ÂM| $ E W-Â=YZYdn"Yv|-[9W\U x{lÁ xn&fiUw¥ E ] E c E n"er _ W Eai_ UÁ+jOjUOcZc ${| E cdWZY E sirW\UOf $Y\[9"o|-QU PgUOjqW\n"Y N l x{¢ E c a UOYdc E n"exn"k a Ueic\[9W E eio¢ E sCUY J J¢ E c a UOYdc E n"eUOjYZU^[9c E e¢ E sCUY J ¢$ E cdWZY E sirW\Uf¢gUOUOSf ${[hj¤Ä l E c a UOYdc E n"e [heg[9"UOkoUOe8W J ¿}UT E CUOYZUe8W E [ _ =£g[hcdU²}&£ E ®÷VW TJU¾ E ei l }¢ E c a UOYdc E n"e}&£ E ®÷W\UOf¢ E sCUY l }T }&r a UOY-TVrik E eiUOcdjOUeW+ E n&fiU M J¢&Á ÂMYds E rkÀw½n a Uf¢ E sÃUOYÁk ai_`E ´gUOY ¿Â }zT z+n"egT E eiU^[hY-}j¤£i Y n"W f E ei"UY- rg[·W E nhe S¢ ¢Æu ¢Ã[9cdW-¢gn"riY E UOYu6YZ[heicd®¯nhYZk S¢ ¢Ã[9siYd¾8w¥UOYdnhW S¢ |YXlt ¢ÉYdU riUeij¾|vUOcdn _ ]hUOZf X a W E jO[ _ tl[9W E ei 6¢ ¹ ¢ÉnhriY{¹ [^]hU² E E ei y¼ }&u ¼½e]hUOYdcZUµ}j^[9WdW\UOY E eiÀu°£iUn"Yd¾ ^\¹ r _ W E w \Jri[he8W\rik ¹0U _`_ z|M_ z+n"e|-UqW\riYde~W\`n _;UOYZn ¿}UT M£i[hcZU¦}&£ E ®÷VW TJU¾ E ei \ÁJ \Jri[hfiY\[·W\riYdUXÁ+k a_`E WZrifiUln&fir _ [9W E n"e |-¢ |+[hf E nÀ¢gYZU rUOeijq¾ |M_ |-UqW\riYdeWZ`n _;UYZn }i ¢ } E ei _ UlnfiUX¢ E sCUY }¿ }&U _ ® w¥=£g[hcdU¦n&fir _ [9W E n"e vu l u E koUqw¥ E ] E c E n"e~r _ W E`ai_ Uq E ei ¹ l ¹ [^]"U _ UeihW\£w¥ E ] E c E nher _ W E`ai_ Uq E e cJ¿ xYZn"cdcyw¥=£g[9cZU¦n&fr _ [9W E n"e. ' Eí ;Ãå6íGFSì"ó&æ?í§éÃåJIÈç?ógåLì"K óiíñOð. M b k E cdc E n"e} a nheW\[he¬Ub UXÁ+k a_`E ´UOb U uÆ[hrfD³Â=YdYZUOrYM$ E eg[ E YZU ÁjOj UO cr _ W E`ai_ Ulr _ W Eai_ U¿U b a [hY+xn&fUOc E Ydn E Y{fRU $¬Y\[h"o E cdW\Y E sir¬U b ¢ E siYdU [o xn"k a UOec\[9W E n"efiUX E c a UYZc E n"e ¢ E siYdU [À E c a UOYdc E n"e UOb jOYdn E cdc\[he8WZU xn"e8W\YZUw¥|~U^b [hjqW E n"e E cdWZY E srUOb U tlUcdW E n"efiUX E c a UYZc E n"e n&fr _ [9W E n"e~fU%=£g[9cZU% E -bUOYZUe8W E U _`_ U ¢ E siYdU [À E c a UOYdc E n"e UOb j^[ _ UOb U E nfiUX}&r a UOY-TVrik E eiUcZjOUe8W\U Ák ai_`E ´gj^[9WZUOriY [À ¢ E siYZUln a UOb UlÂ=YZs E rik  b rg[·W E nhefiU%}&j¤£ Y n"W f E ei"UY+z-n"eT E e¬UOb [ E YdU u6YZ[heicd®¯nhYZkmUOb UlfiUX¢gn"riY E UOYv|-[ aiE fiU ¢Ã[9siYd¾8w¥UOYdnhW 6n"YyW\[U X a W E` riUl|UOb cdn _ rUe$¢gYU b rUOeijU U b _ [hei"RU \rg[9WZYZ]U XeifiUc u°£UOb n"Y E UlfiUX E Cric E n"e~¼½e8]"UYZcdU r _ W E w½Mr E W\Yc \Jri[he8W E` riUc z+n"e|-UqW\n"rY a[ _-Ub YZn n&fr _ [9W E n"e~fU%=£g[9cZU n&fr _ [9W E n"e~f;Á+k ai_E WZrifiUU^e \rg[hfY\[9WZriYZU |+[hf E n9w½¢ÉYU b riUeijOU |-UqW\n"riY a[ _-UOb Ydn ¢ E siYdUXn"ein8n&fU ÁrWZnnfir _ [·W E nhe~fiUXM£i[hcZU r _ W E`ai_ Uq[h"UJuUOk a n"YZU _ r _ W E`ai_ Uq[h"UJUe TVn"e"riUOrY-f;b XeifiU n&fr _ [9W E n"e~fU%=£g[9cZU¦xYZn E cUOb U.
(15) ]E.
(16) d^e. ß0ãgf Ü h. ißpájf e. xn"kok²rie E rUOY [A f E cdW¤[9eijOU[WZn"r·¶dn"riYdcmUqb W&Ub rieiU a YUb n&jjOr a [·W E nhe4kª[?¶dUOriYdUfU _ ¡£rikª[he E W&Uhb Á riU _ riUOcÀUq&jU a W E n"eic a Y UO c _ Ujn"riYdY E UY²UOcyWoYZUOcyW&U b _ UcZUr _ kªnè¾hUOemfD[hcZcdriYZUYojUWdW\U®¯n"eijqW E n"e ¶dric r;³[hrk E`_E UOr fir ù UO koU c E UO j _ U UqW _ [ aia [hY E W E nhe firW&U b _ UOb "YZ[ a £iU9 a r E cfirW&U b _ U b a £inheiUh{xUOc E e8]hUOe8W E n"eic{kª[hY riUe8W _ Uf¬UOb sirW{fiU _ ¡£ E cyW\n E YZU-fiUOc¬W&U b _ UOb jn"kªk¦rie E jO[9W E n"eic¿kªnfiUYZeiUcOiT=¡Uq ai_ n"c E n"e fiUcW\Uj¤£iein _ n" E UcfiU _ E e®¯n"Ydk[·W E nhepfiriY\[9eW _ [AfUOr& E U kªUkªn E W E Ub firüh U kªUc E UO j _ U$[0fU a r E c YUqb ]"n _ rW E n"eie¬U b _ UOcvkon&fiUc°fiUljOn"kok²rie E j^[·W E nheD xUcdW _ ¥U b _ UjW\Y E j E W&U b r E cO E k a n"cZUW\n"r&WfD[hsÃn"YZf jOn"kokoU]hUOjqW\UOrY a Y E ] E`_ Ub E U~b fU _ E e&®¯n"YZkª[·w W E n"eDT»[®§[ E s _ Uosg[hefiU a [9cZc\[9eWZUfiU _ [ a [ E YdUªW\nhYZc\[9fUOb U _`E k E WZUÀ[ _ nhYZc _ UofUOb s E W^6T= E eWZYZnfirijqW E nhe a Ydn""YZUcZc E ]"U¦fir$j [9 s _ UXjOn8[? E [ _ _ U a YdUOk E UY-5j [h s _ U¦fiU%jOU%W½¾ a U¦UcdW a n"cU%b UOe ù hÿ88]9[ a UOYZkoUWdW\YdU _ [hrihkªUeW\[9W E n"efiUcvfUOb s E W\c°W\YZ[heicdk E cOgxU a Ueifg[he8WO _ [µ"Y\[hefiU]9[ _ UriY°fD[9WZW&UOb erg[9W E n"efiUljOUlk E w _`E UOr fUW\YZ[heicZk E cdc E n"e E k a n"cZU _ ¡rW E_`E c\[9W E n"e fiU~YU b a Uqb W\UOrYZcµYUb 6UOb e¬UOb Y\[·W\UOrYZcµW\n"rc _ Uc²Ä E`_ nhk Uq W\YZUcO TVU²j [9 s _ U%jOn8[· E [ _ [·WZW\U E e8W+cZn"e [ a n"6Ub U²UOeW\UOYdkªU¦fiU a UOYd®¯nhYZkª[heijOU¦[hr$f¬Ub sirWJfUOcl[heie¬UOb UOc ù 8þh [^]"Uj%rief¬UOb s E WvfiU ù "os E kW .9c°cdriY ù Ä E_ n"k U WZYZUhiTM[9WdW&UOb erg[·W E nhefr5j [h s _ U [µ £g[hr&W\UOcv®¯YU b riUOeijUOc YZU a YUb cZUeWZU¦rieU _E k E WZU a £8¾c E rU%f¬Uqb ´ge E W E ]hU [À jUJW½¾ a UXfiUJW\Y\[9eicZk E cdc E nheicO T= E fUOb UfD¡rW E_`E cdUOY _ [ _ rik E UO YdU a n"rYWZY\[heic a nhYdW\UY _ E e®¯n"Ydk[9W E n"e4[ aia [9Y\l[ m WUejn"e·¶dn"eijqW E n"e [^]"Uj _ [kª[9WZriY\[9W E n"efiUc a YZUk E UO YdUOc%WZUOj¤£ien _ n" E UOc%fD¡n a W E riU"r E f¬Ub UUW _ [ aia [hY E W E n"e fir _ [hcZUY fg[hec _ Ucµ[heie¬Ub UOc ù ""6TVU a YZUk E UOY%n"sicdW\[hj _ U [ ®¯YZ[heij¤£ E Y a n"riY¦YdUOeifYZU] E [9s _ UªjOUjn"eijOU a WÀUOcyW _ [0®¯nhYdW\U [·WZW&Ub erg[9W E n"efiUc a YdUOk E U YZUOc´isiYZUcn a W E rUOcOvTVUc a YZn"hY UO cfg[9eic _ U$finhk[ E eiU$fiU _ [ ®§[hsiY E jO[9W E n"efiUc»´isiYZUc»]hn"e8W a UYZkoUWZWZYZUSreiUµUb ]"n _ rW E n"eJYZ[ aiE fU=fiU=jOU a [hYZ[hk U W\YdU "OfU ù ""{/f $Y.·Äk UOe ù h"·n"e a [hcdcZU [l ühSf $Y.9ÄkUe ù 8þh a nhriY=[9WdW\U E eifiYdU°³ü+/f $Y.9Äk)¯]9[ _ UriYÆWZY UO c a YZnj¤£iU°fiU _ [ _`E k E W\U¿W\£¬Ub n"Y E rU [ _ [ _ nhei"riUriY=fD¡n"eifiU-jOn"ec E f¬UOb YUb Uè=UOe ù ÿi"TM½Ub ]hn _ r&W E nheªfiUc¬cy¾cdW U kªUcUqW¬fUOc _ nhei"riUriYZc¬fDnheifiUJrW E`_`E cUb UOc¿UOeW&U b _ Ub jOn"kok²rie E j^[9W E n"ec a [hY¬´gsYZUn a W E` riU+]h[ _ [hYd"UOkoUOe8W¬fUOb jn"r _ UY fiUc-jO[hY\[9jW&Ub Y E cdW E riUOc°fiUc{´gsiYdUOcvn a W E` riUOciUWvfU _ [¦f E c a n"e E s E`_E W&Uvb fiU _ [hcZUYZc [² cdUOk E jOnheifirijqW\UOrYZc [hr& _ n"eihriUOriYdc°fD¡n"eifiUXn a W E kª[ _ UcO Â=e ù "þ _ r&W E`_E cZ[9W E n"e+fU _ [ a YZUk E UO YdUS®¯UOne Uq W\YZUMfiUSW&U b _ UOb jOnhkªk²re E jO[9W E n"eic [ _ [ _ n"eihriUOriYVf;n"efiU fiU°& Lo k a UYZkoUWSfUW\YZ[heicZkoUWdW\YdUrie²f¬UOb s E WSfiU ù "Js E kW .·cO9[è]hUOj{fUOcSYU b a Uqb W\UOrYZc=YUb 6UOb e¬UOb Y\[·W\UOrYZc ai_ [hjÃUb c{W\n"ric _ UOc ù ²ÄkijOU r E UOcdW+¦®¯n E c{k E UOr riU _ Uc°kªU E`__ UOrYZc¿cd¾cdW UO koUOcU b _ UjWZY E` riUc°sg[hcUOb c cZrY _ UXj [h s _ U¦jn8[· E [ _ ÃTVUOc´gsYZUOcrW E_`E cUOb Uc[ªjUWdW\U0U b a n rU²cZn"e8Wk²r _ W E kon&fUOcOgj9UcdW [ f E YZU riU ai_ ric E UOriYdc-konfiUOc°fiU a Ydn a [h"[9W E n"e~cZn"e8W-cZr aia nhYdW&Ub cO ÁrªfUOb sir&WfiUc[9eie¬UOb Uc ù _ [®¯UOne Uq W\YZU-fiUvkon E eifYZUv[9WdW&UOb erg[·W E nheªfiUc¿´isiYZUc¬cdU+f¬U b ai_ [9jOU°]"UYZc _ [ _ n"eihriUOriY+fD¡n"eifiUµfiU ù ³ o k §fUOr& E U kªU%®¯UOne Uq W\YZU²W&U b _ UOb jOnhkªk²re E jO[9W E n"eÉqÉTVU a Ydn"s _ UO koU¦fiU _ [ f E c a UOYZc E n"e E e8WZUOYZkonfg[ _ UUOcdW+YUb cZn _ r a [9Y _ [µk E cZUX[hr a n E e8WvfiUX´isiYZUckon"ein"kon&fUOcOiT»Uc _ [hcZUYZc [ .
(17) ü. pq ÒVÕr6Ïjsut;ÒVÓGr q. cZUk E jOn"efirijWZUOriY²Ub kªUqWZW¤[9eW [J jOUqWZWZU _ n"ei"rUOriY=fD¡n"eifU+[ aia [hYZ[ E cdcZUOe8W¿Y\[ aiE fiUkªUe8W^"jU r Ega UOYdkªUqW rief¬UOb s E WvfiU ù tls E Wk.9c{[è]hUOjXfiUOc-YU b a Ub WZUOriYdc+YUOb 6Ub e¬UOb YZ[9W\UriYZcvW\nhric _ UOc-ú9ÀÄk Árk E_`E UOr$fiUcX[heie¬Ub UOc ù E e8WZUOYd] E UOe8W _ [W\Ydn E c E U kªU¦®¯Une U WZYZUÀfiUµW\YZ[heicdk E cZc E n"e fiUOcJ´gsYZUOc r E cZUc E W\riU [ _ [ _ n"ei"rUOriYµfD¡n"eifUfU ù ýú"ú o kSTVU a Y E eij E`a [ _¬a YZnhs _ U kªU r E cdU a n"cZU[ _ n"Ydc UOcyWljOU _ r E fU _ [f E c a UOYdc E nhe¸j¤£iYZn"kª[9W E` riU²fiU _ [ª´gsiYdUµcdW\[heifg[hYdfD r E UcdWXer _`_ U [ ù o k;kª[ E c [hcdcZUO U b _ Uq]MUOb U [ ù ³ú"ú o kMUr& YZUk U fiUOcªcZn"e8W[ aia n"YdW&UOb c [A jU a Ydn"s _ U kª%U " _ [ k E cZU[hr a n E e8W fiU _ [hcdUOYdc+cdUOk E jOnheifirijqW\UOrYZckon"einhkªnfiUOcX¯fiUlW½¾ a U²N $|n"r$J¢ ${°UqW _ UXfUOb jO[ _ [hhUXfr ÃUb YZnªfiU f E c a UOYZc E n"e fiUcJ´gsiYZUc [ ù ³ú"ú o k ¯´gsiYdU [ f E c a UOYdc E n"e fUOb jO[ _ Ub UèqxUc E eieinè]9[9W E n"eic a UOYdkªUqWZWZUOe8W fiUWZY\[hecZkoUWZWZYZU+rie~f¬UOb s E W{fUJü&³ú²tJs E W .9c¬Ue~rW E_`E c\[he8W¿fiUOc°YU b a Uqb W\UriYZc°YUOb 6Ub eUOb YZ[9W\UriYZcWZn"ric _ UOc" ÄkH Xe E fiUe8W E ´iUª[ _ n"Ydc _ UOc¸U b _ UOb koUOe8W\c _E k E W¤[9eW _ UÀf¬Ub s E WXjOnhkªkoU Ub W\[he8W _ UOcJ®¯n"eijqW E nheicl[hcZcdriYUb UOc a [hY°fUOc-kªnè¾"UeicU b _ UjWZYZn"e E riUOnc " _ UOcvYU b a Ub WZUOriYdc+YUOb 6Ub e¬UOb YZ[9W\UriYZc TVUOc a YdUOk E UYZcª[hk a_`E ´ij^[9WZUOriYdcon a W E rUOc [ ´gsiYZUfin a Ub U$UOYds E rk [ aia [hYZ[ E cdcZUeWUOe ù "UqW j¤£g[he"UOe8W=jn"k a_ U WZUOkoUOe8W _ [ aia Ydn&j¤£UUOe8] E cZ[h6Ub U»¶dric rUqw _ [ ·TV6U vy]hUOYZYdn"Sr wU b _ UjW\Ydn"e E rU¬jn"eicdW E WZrU b a [hY _ Uc6YU b a Uqb W\UriYZc6c\[hrWZUh·UW a UYZkoUW6fin"eij¿rie¦[hjOjYZn E cZcZUkªUe8WSfiUcÆf¬Ub s E WZcO?einhW\[hkªkoUOe8W a [hY _ rW E`_E w c\[·W E nhe¦fir%k²r _ W E`ai_ Uq[h"U=Ue _ nhei"riUriY6f;n"efiUhhxU a UOeifi[he8W^ _ [-®¯n"ejW E n"eXfiUYUOb 6Ub eUOb YZ[9W E n"e¦eD½Ub W\[he8W ai_ ricÆ[9cZcZrYUOb U9 _ ³[9jOjOrk²r _ [·W E nheJfDQU ;UqW\c r E Uqb W¤[ E UOe8W6eUOb _E "UO[hs _ UOc»[hr a [hY\[^]9[he8WcZriY6rieiU a UOb Y E nfiUMfiU YUb 6UOb e¬UOb Y\[·W E nhem§f E c a UOYdc E nheDÉ#U CUW\cein"e _E e¬UOb [ E YdUOc¤ _E k E W\U _ UOc+j^[ a [9j E W&UOb c+fiUOcen"r]"UO[hr&$cd¾cdW UO koUOc [hk ai_`E ´UOb c{T= E f¬Ub Uf;rW E`_E cZUYfiUccdn _`E W\n"ecO{cdn _ rW E n"eccdW\[hs _ UcfiU _ ¥U b rg[9W E n"efiU a Ydn a [h8[·W E nhe E ej _ ri[he8WÀjOUOco#U CUWZcO¿cO E k a nhcZU~jOnhkªkoU~rieiUYU b a n"ecZUU b _ Ub 8[he8W\U [ jOU a YZnhs _ U kªU9=TVUOcocd¾cdW UO koUOc cZn _`E WZn"eic%n"e8Wµ®§[ E W _ ¡n"s¶dUW²fiU~YZUj¤£iUOYdj¤£iUOc E e8W\Ueic E ]"UOcÀfiU a r E c _ n"YdcOÆUqWÀn"e8WÀ[hj r E cµrieiUjUOYdW\[ E eU kª[9W\riY E W&Uhb DTVUc a YZn""Y UO clUOe8] E cZ[h6Ub c [ _ ¡£iUriYZUo[hjqW\riU _`_ U a n"riYl[9ri"koUOe8W\UY _ UOclf¬Ub s E WZcljOn"eijUOYdeiUOe8W einhW\[hkokªUeW _ [ YU^b [ _E cZ[9W E n"e0fiUc²®¯n"eijqW E nheic¦fiU~YUOb cdU^[hr §Ydn"rWZUOriYdcOSjn"kªk¦rW¤[9WZUOriYdcO6UW\j9³¦UW²fiU YUb 6UOb e¬UOb Y\[·W E nheUer&W E`_E cZ[he8W _ Uc{W\UOj¤£ein _ nh E Uc a £inhW\nhe E` riUcO Æ[hYZ[ _`_ U _ UOkoUOe8WJ[hr a Ydn""Y UO cJfiUcJkªnè¾"Ueic a £8¾c E` riUc a UYZkoUWZW\[he8W _ [hj¤£iUk E eiUOkoUOe8WJfU _ E e&w ®¯n"Ydk[9W E n"e; _ UOcµ®¯n"YZkª[9WZcµfiUjOnfg[h"UfiUj^[9eg[ _ n"e8WmUOb 8[ _ UOkoUOe8WÀjn"eier4rieUUqb ]"n _ rW E n"epW\UOefg[he8W ]"UYZc _ ³[9ri"koUOe8W¤[9W E n"e~fUOcf¬Ub s E WZcOÃJ[heic _ Ulfinhk[ E eiUlfiUOc+n"eifiUcYZ[hf E ngn"e UcdW a [hcZcU¦b fiU _ [Àkªn9w fir _ [9W E n"e fD[hk a_`E WZrifiU [ _ [~kªnfir _ [9W E n"e¸fiUÀ®¯YU b rUOeijUhSTVUc%kon&fUOkocXcdn"e8WAUb 8[ _ UkªUe8W a [hcZcUOb c fD¡rieÀjOnfg[h"UUOeÀkªnfir _ [9W E n"eXfD³[9k ai_E WZrifiU [+ rieÀjOnfg[h"U E eij _ rg[he8W _ [ a £g[hcdU°fiU _ n"efiUU b _ UOjWZY E rU ¯®¯nhYZkª[9W\cew¥¿U} TµDe&w \JÁADUqW\jh ³qDrW E`_E c\[9eW[ E ec ES_ [ªW\nhW\[ _`E W&U%b fiU _ ¡UOc a [hjOUÀfiUclc E heg[hr&$f E c a n9w e E s _ U a n"riY¦jOnfiUOY _ E e®¯n"YZkª[9W E n"eD»Â=e n a W E` riUh _ ¥Ub ]"n _ rW E n"ep[¸jn"eier _ [$xk UO koUW\Ueifg[heijU " _ Uc cd¾cyW UO koUOcojOnh£UOb YdUOe8W\c §j9UcdWdw [· w½f E YZUrW E_`E cZ[he8W _ [ a £g[hcZUfiU _ nheifiU~n a W E` riU^%®¯riYZUeWof¬Uqb ]"U _ n aia UOb c fg[hec _ UOcX[heie¬Ub UOc ù a n"riYX[hkmU b _E n"YdUOY _ UOc a UYd®¯n"Ydk[9eijOUcO»einhW\[hkªkoUOe8WlUeWZUOYZkoUÀfiUoY\[ aia n"YyW c E "eg[ _ cdriYsYZr E W[9rªe E ]"UO[hrfirªYUOb jU a WZUOriYixU a Ueifg[he8WO _ [^] UO eiUkªUeW¬fiUc{[hk ai_`E ´gj^[·W\UOrYZcMfin a Ub c [hr&0W\UYZYZUcµY\[hYdUOc²Ue ù 1" YdUOeifmjO[hfir riUcojUOcÀ[hkpU b _E n"YZ[9W E n"einc "Vre a YU^b [9k ai_E ´gjO[9W\UriYXn a W E riU a UOrNW Uq W\YdUrW E_`E cU-b UOe~YUb jOU a W E n"e a nhriY{[hr"kªUe8W\UOY _ [ a r E cdc\[heijUJfir~c E "eg[ _Ãa [hYY\[ aia n"YyW°[hrsYZr E W W\£UOYZk E` riUJfU _ [ a £inhWZn&f E n&fUh T=rW E`_E c\[·W E nhefiUS®¯n"Ydk[·W\cDfiUMjn&fg[9"USjOnh£UOb YdUOe8WÆYdUOcyW\UMe¬U^b [9eikªn E eicDreiU a nhcZc E s E`_E W&U b E e8W&UOb YZUcZcZ[he8W\U a n"riY{fiUeic E ´gUOY _ E e®¯n"Ydk[9W E n"eµWZY\[heic a nhYdW&Ub U a [hY _ nheifiUn a W E rUhi¼ _ ] E UOe8Wv[ _ n"YZceg[9W\rYZU __ UkªUeW [ _ ¡UOc a Y E WJfiU²kª[hY E UOY _ UcW\Uj¤£ie E` riUc a YZn"koUWdW\UOrcZUOcJUe¸W\UOYdkªU¦fiUµkªnè¾hUOeic a £8¾c E rUOclUWlfiU²W½¾ a U.
(18) pq ÒVÕr6Ïjsut;ÒVÓGr q. . fiUvjOnfg[hhU" _ ¡rW E_`E c\[9W E n"e%fiU _ [ a £g[hcdUvfD E k a r _ c E n"eicÆcZn _E W\nheic a nhriYSW\YZ[heicZkoUWdW\YdU _ E e®¯n"Ydk[9W E n"e¦[ Ub W&U b a YZn a n"cUOb UWZY UO cvYUOb jOUkªkoUOe8WOgxUWdW\U E f¬UOb U a UOYdkªUqWvfiUJs¬UOb e¬Ub ´gj E UOY°fU _ [²cdW\[hs E_`E W&U+b ei[9W\riYdU __ UfUOc cZn _`E WZn"eic8UW¬fiU _ £inhkªn"6UOb e¬U b E W&U°b fU _ UriY a £g[hcdUhxUWZWZUfiUYZe E UO YdU a Ydn a Y E Ub W&U-b UcdW¬W\Y U cYdUOkª[hY rg[hs _ Uh UW{jOn"e8W\Y E sirU [ _ [hc a UjW{jn"Y a ricZjr _ [ E YZU+fiUjOUc°UOe8W E W&Ub cOgxUJcdn"e8W°jOUc{YZUk[9Y riUOc r E n"e8W°konhW E ]MU b _ UljO[hfiYZUlfiUXeinhWZYZUlYZUj¤£iUOYdj¤£iUh;TVUXWZY\[^]9[ E`_Da YUOb cdUOe8W&U%b fg[heic-jOUXfinjOrikoUOe8WO r E cUcdWfUOb Ydn"r _ Ulb fg[9eic _ U¦j^[hfiYdUµfir a YZnh"Y\[hkokoZU vduU b _ UOb jn"kok²rie E j^[9W E n"eic wfirAx{z|+}m ù 8þ?w ù 118É] E cZU [ Ub WZrif E UY _ Uc jOnhkªk²re E jO[9W E n"eic¿jOn"£¬Ub YZUeWZUOc a [hY{cdn _`E W\n"ecO&+e®¯n"Ydk[9WfiUkon&fr _ [9W E n"eofiU a £i[hcZUJf E -bUYZUeW E U _`_ U cZUY\[ a_ ric a [hYdW E jr _`E UO YZUkªUe8WlUqb W\rif E Uhb ·[9´ie²fiU¬®§[9j E`_E WZUOY _ [vYUOb [ _`E c\[9W E n"elfD¡rieµf¬Ub kªnheicdWZY\[9WZUOriY9T= E f¬Ub U jOnheic E cdW\U [ E eWZYZnfir E YZUlrie$YdUW¤[9YZf$n a W E` riUXUWrie f¬U b a £g[9c\[h"U¦jOnfg[he8W _ E e®¯n"Ydk[9W E n"e~Ue8W\YZU%fiUOr E k a r _ c E n"eic=cZn _`E WZn"eic8Â=eYUb jOU a W E nheDrie E eWZUOYy®èUOb YZnhk Uq W\YZU-[hjjOn"Ydf¬Ub [9rYZUqW¤[hYdfcU b _ UjW E n"eie¬U b a UOYdkªUqW fiU®§[ E YZU E e8WZUOYd®^Ub YZUY _ UcfiUr& E k a r _ c E n"eicUW{fUYZUqW\YZnhr]"UYv[ E eic EÉ_ E e®¯n"Ydk[·W E nheD8U a_ ric _ rW E`_E w c\[·W E nhefiU ai_ rc E UriYZc-YZUqW¤[hYdfic+®¯nhriYZe E W-rie konè¾"UOe eg[9W\rYZU _ fiUXk²r _ W E`a_ Uq&UY _ UOc-c E "eg[hr&fU%®§z[ jy n"e W\nhrWvn a W E` riUhÉTVU ai_ [hefiUljOUlk[9ercZjOY E WvUcdW-jOn"k a n"cUlb fiU rg[9WZYZUlj¤£g[ aiE W\YdUOcO J[heic _ U a YdUOk E UOY°j¤£i[ aiE WZYZU9Ãen"ric E e8W\Ydn&fir E cZnheic _ UOc-einhW E n"ecv®¯nheifg[hkoUOe8W¤[ _ UOcvjn"eijOUYZeg[9eW _ Uc ´gsiYdUOcµn a W E` riUc²UW _ UOc¦cZn _E W\nheicXWZUOk a nhYZU _ c r E c¡¾ a YZn a [h"UeWOSz-n"ricAUqb W¤[hs _E cdcZn"eic¦UOeicdr E WZUrie Ub W\[9W¬fiU _ ³[9YdW¿fiUOc¬jOn"kok²rie E j^[·W E nheic=n a W E` riUOc a [hY¿cZn _E WZn"eicO8xUOcªU b _ UOb koUOe8WZc¿]hn"e8W{ein"rc a UOYZkoUWdW\YdU fD¥Ub WZrif E UY a [hY _ [-cZr E W\U _ U¬®¯n"Ydk[·WÆfiUjOnfg[h"U¬jOn"£¬Ub YZUeW a YZn a n"cU{b UW=fU _ U¬jOn"k a [hYdUOYÆ[hr&¦cd¾cdW UO koUOc Uq E cdW¤[9eWZcO TVUµfiUOr& E UO koU²j¤£g[ aiE W\YdUµUOcdWljn"eicZ[hjOYU b [ _ ¥Ub W\rfiU²UW [ _ [YUOb [ _`E c\[9W E n"efD¡rieiUÀcZnhriYZjUµfD E k a r _ w c E n"eiccdn _`E W\n"ecOÃJ[heicre a YZUk E UOY+WZUOk a cOCein"ric®§[ E cZnheicrieU Ub W\rfiU²s E s _`E n""Y\[ a £ E` riUXfir¸cdr·¶dUWO a r E cvein"ricvein"rc-®¯nj^[ _E cdn"eic°cZrY _ [µcZn _ rW E n"e~YZUqW\UOeriU a nhriYvYU^b [ _`E cdUOY _ [²cZn"riYdjOU " _ [µjn"kªk¦rW¤[9W E n"e fiU¬8[ E e%fD¡rie _ [9cZUOYcZUk E jOn"efirijWZUOriYS[è]hUOj{jn"k a YZUcZc E n"e _E e¬UOb [ E YdU a [hYYUOb cdU^[hrµf{U $YZ[h" a £inhW\n E eic¥w jOY E WO;-enhrW E_ fiU¦c E k¦r _ [9W E n"eUOcyWlfUb ]hU _ n aia U b a n"riY _ [jOn"ejOU a W E nhe¸fiU _ [ªcZn"riYdjOU9»T»UcYUb cZr _ W¤[9WZc Uq a Ub Y E kªUeW\[hr&cdn"e8WUeicZr E W\U a YUOb cdUOe8W&Ub cUW-jn"k a [hYUb cv[hr& a YUOb f E jW E n"eic{WZ£¬UOb nhY E` riUcO TVUoen"r]"UO[hrcd¾cdW UO koUªfiU²WZY\[hecZk E cZc E n"e a [hYJkªnfir _ [9W E n"e$fiU a £g[hcZUÀf E -bUYZUeW E U _`_ U¦fD E k a r _ w c E n"eic-cZn _E WZn"eicvUOcyWf¬Ub jOY E W[9r$j¤£g[ aiE W\YdU¦ÃTVUOc a UYd®¯n"Ydk[9eijOUc+fiU%jOU%cd¾cdW UO koU²f¬U b a UOefg[he8WUcZcZUe&w W E U __ UOkoUOe8W¿fiU _ [%cyW¤[hs E_`E W&Uvb fiU _ [ a £g[9cZUfiUc°cZn _E WZn"eicOeinhric a YUOb cZUe8W\n"eic°reiUUb WZrifiUWZ£¬UOb nhY E` riUfiU jOUqWZWZU%cyW¤[hs E_`E W&Ub ®§[hjUX[hrsYZr E WvfD¥Ub k E cZc E n"efiUc+[9k ai_E ´gjO[9W\UriYZc°n a W E rUOcOÉTVUc+YUOb cZr _ W¤[·W\cvn"sWZUOeric a [hY¿jOUqWZWZUkmUb W\£n&fiU-cZnheW¬]9[ _`E fUOb c a [hY¿fiUc{c E k²r _ [·W E nheicSerikmUOb Y E riUOc¬fiU _ [ a Ydn a [h"[9W E n"eªcdn"rik E cdU [hrsiYdr E WO Â=e´geD _ U rg[·W\Y E UO koU°j¤£g[ aiE W\YdU-UcdW¿jOnheic\[hjYU b [ _ ¥Uqb W\rifU-U a UOb Y E koUOe8W¤[ _ U°firocd¾cdW UO koUUqb W\rif E Uvb fiU ®§z[ jy n"eXWZ£¬UOb nhY E` riU¿[hrXj¤£g[ aE W\YdU&?z+n"ric a Ydn a n"cZn"ec6rieU¬kmUb WZ£in&fU¿fU¿koUOcdriYZU¿fiU _ [° E "riU=fiU a £g[hcdU fiUc-cdn _`E W\n"ecUOe~®¯n"ejW E n"efiU _ [²f E cyW¤[hejOUJfg[hec°rieiUJUq a Ub Y E UOeijUXfUJsCn"rj _ U [À YdUOj E YZjr _ [·W E nheD&xUOc koUOcZrYZUOc6cZn"e8W6jOn"k a [hYUOb UcÆ[^]"Uj _ UOc»c E k²r _ [·W E nheicVUW _ Uc6YUOb cdr _ W\[9W\c»W\£¬Ub n"Y E riUOc·UqW _ UOc a UOYd®¯nhYZkª[heijOUc fircd¾cdW UO koU%cdn"e8WUb ]9[ _ r¬UOb UOcvU a UOb Y E kªUe8W¤[ _ UOkoUOe8W^Éz-n"ricvjOn"ej _ rn"eicvUOeicdr E WZUlUOe®§[ E cZ[he8Wvries E`_ [9e fir²WZY\[^]9[ E`_ #U CUOjqW\r¬U9b "UWSUOe0Ub ]hn rg[9eW _ UOc a UYZc a UOjqW E ]"UOc=UqWM[hkmU b _E n"YZ[9W E n"eic [J [ aa n"YyW\UYS[hr²cy¾cdW U kªU9.
(19) ÿ. pq ÒVÕr6Ïjsut;ÒVÓGr q.
(20) |. } × ~. áVß0ã Û . Û Ý if/Þ Þ ÝZfûÚ=áVßf e Ý . e h. ái ×àßpájf e. Ý. f~. ßpá h ÛÝ ~. ×Ùã. =T n"s¶dUOjW E ®&fiU=jOUqWZWZU a [hYdW E USUcdW»fD E e8W\Ydn&fr E YdU _ UcDjOn"ejOU a W\cÆUOb e¬Ub Y\[hrJrW E`_`E cUb cDfg[heic _ UOcDW&U b _ Ub jOn"kµw k²rie E j^[·W E nheicln a W E riUOc a [hYXcZn _E W\nheD»[ E ec EM riUfiUªYU^b [ _`E cdUOYlrieUqb W¤[9W%fiU _ [hYdWXY\[ aiE fiUofiUc¦W\Uj¤£&w e E rUOcXfUb ]hU _ n aia UOb Uc¦fg[9eic%jUªjn"e8W\U&WZUh6xU _ [en"ric a UYZkoUWZWZY\[~fiUojOUYZeiUY _ UOc a YZnhs _ Ub k[9W E` riUc UW _ UOc°n"Y E E eg[ _`E W&Ub c¬fiU _ [Àen"r]"U _`_ Ul[ aia Ydn&j¤£iU a Ydn a n"cUb Uh . ?²KB?¦LvQZGJ KMN^R6Q=N$GJR>$GR¸K=GJR@Aa Q=N$GR. . NH V¡ S¢¤£ . VT UOcM´gsiYZUcn a W E` riUcOjOnhkªkoU{W\n"r&W¬k E`_E UrµfiU-WZY\[hecZk E cZc E n"e;8[9WZW&UOb eriUeW _ E e8W\Ueic E W&U°b fiU _ ¡n"eifU U b _ UOjqW\YZnhk[hheUb W E` riU r E cZU a Ydn a [hhUhST»[$f E ;rc E nhe |-[è¾ _ U E h£ UW _ ³[9sicZn"Y a W E n"e fiUc _`E [ E cdn"eic[X+w ± a YUb cZUOe8WZUOc$fg[9eic _ [m´isiYZUcZn"e8W _ UOc a Y E eij E`a [ _ UOc~jO[hricZUc fiUAjOUqWZW\UA[9WdW&UOb erg[·W E nheD-T[mjOnhriYZsÃU fD[9WZW&UOb erg[9W E n"emUe ®¯n"ejW E n"epfiU _ [ _ n"ei"rUOriY²f;n"efiU a n"rY _ E e®¯YZ[hYZn"r"U a Ydn&j¤£UUcdWÀW\YZ[hjÃUb UUOe ´g"rYZU ù ù 1.2. Attenuation, dB/km. 1. 0.8. 0.6. 0.4. 0.2. 1. ¥ GÓ ¦{§. 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. Longueur d onde, µm. ù ù©¨ª©« «/Q¬ ®/¯S° «±³² ®´Hµ ¯®·¶¹¸ºN». 1.5. 1.6. ² ® ² » ² ´¼.
(21) . ½N¾ HË ¿ÉÓ ÒVÕVÎÁÀ/§%ÂÎÉÐ`tnr6ÑÑ¡s q GÓ t;ËiÒVÓGr q Ð r%¿gÒVÓGÃ%s»ÎÉÐ`¿9Ë6Õ ÐlrÆÍÓ ÒÄr q. Ð. =T rie fiUOc[9WZWZY\[ E W\cvk[è¶dUOriYdcfiU _ [µ´gsiYdU¦n a W E` riUXjOn"kokoU%cdr aia n"YdW+fiU%WZY\[hecZk E cZc E n"efiU _ E e&w ®¯n"Ydk[9W E n"e¦UOcdW¿e¬UOb [heikon E ec _ [®§[ E s _ U]9[ _ UOriYÆfiUvjOUWdW\U+[9WZW&UOb erg[9W E n"eµjn"k a [hYUb U [l jU __ U°fiUc¿k E`_E Ur& W\YZ[hf E W E nheieiU _ c°fiUOc+W&U b _ UOb jn"kªk¦rie E jO[9W E n"eicU b _ UOjqW\Ydn"e E` riUcµ¯j[h s _ U%jn8[· E [ _ qiT[ a r E cZc\[9eijOU%n a W E riU W\YZ[heicdk E cZU a UOrW-cO½UOb jY E YZUlUOe®¯n"eijqW E nhefU _ [²f E cyW¤[hejO]U Å a [hYZjn"riYZrU " Æ Å8· ÇÈƪ8¤ ÉËÊ5Ì Í]Î ù ù n ^r Ï UcdW _ [9WZW&UOb erg[9W E n"e _`E e¬U b E` riUlfiU _ [À´gsiYZU9C¼ _ UOcyWfD¡ricZ[h"U²fD¡Uq a Y E koUOY-jOUqWZW\U²[9WZW&UOb erg[9W E n"eUOe /f $ a [hY°Ä E`_ n"k U W\YdUOc°cdU _ nhe _ [²YZU _ [9W E n"e ù Æ Å8 ù ù ýüh Ð Ç Å _ n" Ƨ8 Ç _ e ù ÏÒÑ T=³[·WZW&Ub erg[9W E n"efiUOcX´gsiYZUc¦n a W E` riUc¦[9jW\rU _`_ UOcXUOcyW¦fD¡UOe8] E Ydn"ep³ü~/f $Y.9Äk [ ù ³ú"ú o kVÁÙjUWZWZU ]9[ _ UriY¿fD³[·WZW&Ub erg[9W E n"ec³[?¶dnhrW\UeW _ Uc a UOYdWZUOc{friUOc°[9r&ªjOn"eif E W E n"eicMfD¡rW E_`E c\[9W E n"eÀfiU _ [X´isiYZU " _ Uc a UOYdWZUOc a [hY%k E jYZn9wÈjOn"rYZsiriYdUOc§firUOcµ[hrAjOn"ef E W E n"eieUOkoUOe8W¦fU _ [´gsiYdUfg[hec _ Uc¦5j [h s _ Uc¤Æ[ E eic E riU _ UOc a UOYyW\Uc-friUOc+[hr&U b aiE cdcZriYdUOc¦§YZ[hjOjn"YZfic-UOe8WZYZUJW\Ydn"%e jOy nheicvfiUJ´gsiYZU^q Ó. ÔÕ¢ÖS× uØ ÖU¢¤£ ÚÙ+Û¡Ø £ÝÜ /¢Þ ¡. »T [+c E_`E jOUMUOcyWÆrie¦k[9W&UOb Y E [hrlf E c a UOYZc E ®¥?jh¡UOcyWdw [· w½f E YZU riUcdn"e E eif E jUMfiUYUb ®¯Y\[9jW E n"eXfU b a UOeif¦fiU _ [ _ nhei"riUriYÆfD¡n"eifUh8TVUOc=f E -bUOYZUe8W\UOcÆjOn"k a nhc\[he8W\Uc=c a UOjqW\Y\[ _ UOcÆfirÀc E heg[ _ [+ W\YZ[heicZkoUWdW\YdU]"n"e8WMfinheij cZU a Ydn a [hhUOY [J fiUOc=] E WZUOcdcZUOc¿f E -bUYZUOe8WZUOcOUeWZY\[ meg[he8W¿[ E eic E reiU°f¬Ub ®¯nhYZkª[9W E n"eµfir a YZn9´ _ W\Uk a n"YZU _ xn"eic E f¬Ub YZn"ecrieiUµn"efiU²n a W E` riU ri[hc E w½kon"einj¤£iYZn"kª[9W E` riUljOUeWZYUb U [ _ [ a r _ cZ[9W E n"àe ßjáèÃjOn"YdYZUOc¥w a n"eifg[he8W+[hr]"UjW\UriY-fDnheifi[U âãáOÉTM¡#U CUW-fiUXf E c a UOYZc E n"eUcdW a Y E cvUOejOn"k a W\UlUef¬Uqb ]"U _ n aia [he8W _ U ]"UjWZUOriY-fD¡n"eifi[U âUOecUOb Y E UlfiUlu6[è¾ _ n"Y°UOe®¯n"eijqW E nhefU _ [ a r _ cZ[9W E n"`e ß[hrW\nhriY°fi¡U ßjáH" ù ³" â;G ßB ÇÕâ1ájäåâæ÷G ßèçßjáqÄ ä â ü æ æ G ßèçßjá éRÎ [^]"U[j â æ ÇêâSëêß UMW â æ æ Çê é âSëêß é T[¦] E W\UOcdcZUJfiUJhYZn"r a UUcdW-[ _ n"YZc{fn"eie¬Ub U a [h{Y ìlíVÇÈâ æîÊ/ï UqW _ [Àf E c a UOYZc E n"ej¤£iYdn"k[·W E` riUXUOcyWjO[hY\[hjqW&Ub Y E cUOb U a [hY _ UXjOnUoj E UOe8¡W â æ æ CxUWdW\U%fiUOYde E U YZUXUOcdW _ U ai_ rc cZnhr]"UeW¬Uq a Y E kmUOb U a [hY _ U{en"k²siYdVU ðñÇóò¤ò¤ôö õ rD¡n"e a UOrWMYdU _`E UOY [ _ [f¬UOb Y E ]=UOb U°cdUOjn"eifiU-firµ]"UjW\UriY fD¡n"eifiU a [9Y üløuù â5æ æHÑ ðóÇ÷ç ù ÿ8 ú é T=re E W&U¸b ricZriU _`_ U$fiU UOcdW _ U a ûc .i§eik¡Äkq{z+n"ric~f E cdW E eihriUOYdn"eic~f¬Ub cZn"Ydk[ E cfiUr&W½¾ a UcfiU f E c a UOYZc E n"e;cZU _ n"e _ U$c E "eiU$fr a [hY\[9k Uq W\YZU$²{T»[ f E c a UYZc E n"ü e vyein"YZkª[ _ U w a [hYYUb ®^UOb YdUOeijU[hr ] E c E s _ Uè²jOn"YdYZUc a n"eif è[ ð ý AUWªcZU$jO[hY\[hjqW&Ub Y E cdU a [hYfiUc _ n"ei"riUriYZcªfD¡n"eifiÁU vdYZn"r"UOc w ai_ rc Y\[ aiE fiUc rU _ UOÒc vds _ UOriUþc wivT»[mf E c a UYZc E n"ñ e vZ[heinhYZkª[ _ #U wpjOn"YdYZUOc a nheif [ _ [pc E W\rg[·W E nhe E e8]"UYZcZU9 TVUOc²´gsYZUOc¦f E WZUOc vdcyW¤[hefg[hYZfþc wi%U b r E`a [9eW _ [ a_ r a [9YdW²fUOc _`E "eiUc¦fiUcµYUOb cdU^[hr E e8WZUOYZrYZsg[ E eic¦UqW E e8WZUOYZei[9W E n"eg[hr&C&n"e8W a n"rY°fiUOcvY\[ E cZnheic{£ E cdW\nhY E` riUcOiUqWvfir®§[ E WfiUOc a Ydn a Y E Ub W&UOb c E e8WZY E ec U riUcvfiU _ [c E`_E jOU9DrieiUÀf E c a UOYdc E nheer __ UÀ[hr&W\n"riYJfU ù ³ o k ¯ein"Ydk[ _ U a n"riY ú ý ù Î o k/UW%[hen"YZkª[ _ U a n"riY _ UOc ai_ ric6"Y\[9eifiUOc _ n"eihriUOriYdcÆfD¡n"eifUèq9¼ _ U E cdWZU{e¬U^b [9eikªn E eicfiUOc6´gsiYZUc=fin"e8W _ UOc a [hY\[9k Uq W\YZUc.
(22) ½N¾ HË ¿ÉÓ ÒVÕVÎÁÀ/§%ÂÎÉÐ`tnr6ÑÑ¡s q GÓ t;ËiÒVÓGr q Ð r%¿gÒVÓGÃ%s»ÎÉÐ`¿9Ë6Õ ÐlrÆÍÓ ÒÄr q. Ð. þ. 6Ub n"kmUqb W\Y E` riUOcXfir a YZnh´ _ f; E eif E jUÀfir0jn&UriY%nheW Ub W&Uªb n a W E k E cUOb cX[9´ie0fiU a YUb cZUeWZUOY²re0ÃUb YZnfiU f E c a UOYZc E n"e$[hrW\nhriYfiU ù ýúhú o kDxUcfiUYZe E UO YZUcJcZn"e8Wl[ aia U _ Ub UOc+´isiYZUc [ f E c a UYZc E n"e$f¬UOb j^[ _ UOb U¦n"r l}¢ ÿ¡ þ /
(23) U a% ËQ?qÉTVUOc°´gsiYdUOc-rW E_`E cUOb Uc{fg[hec-enhW\YdUlWZY\[^]9[ E`_ cZn"e8W+fiUljOUJW½¾ a U9 15. Dispersion, ps/nm.km. 10. Fibre standard. 5. 0. −5. −10. −15. Fibre a dispersion decalee −20. 1. 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. Longueur d onde, µm. 1.6. 1.7. 1.8. ¥ ÓG¦{§ ù ³ü ¨
(24) °º°» « ºû ´`´ ± Qº Q±³² ®
(25) Q® ² ® «±³² ®J´ ° ² ®¯/Q¯ º ´Hµ ² ®+´ / ² ¯º¯ ®V¶¹¸ºû Q« °®+´ã°ºþ´ « ¯®·¶¹¸ºû °D ´ ± Qº Q±³² ® ´ ¬ þ° ¬ ¼ . ÔÕ¢ÖS× uØ ÖU¢¤£ N ×[£"! BØ ¢ Ö S¢¤£ . &%. ')(. »T [~´isiYZUµn a W E` riU0Uqb W¤[he8Wlrie "r E fiU²f;n"efiU [ cd¾kmUqb W\Y E Uµj¾ _E eifiY E` riU9;U __ U²cdr aia n"YdWZUÀ[ a Y E n"Y E fiUJ®§[zjy n"eU b r E ]9[ _ UOe8W\UWZn"ric _ Uc~Uqb W¤[9WZcvfiU a n _ [hY E c\[9W E n"eªfiU _ [ _ rk E UO YZU9iÂ=e a Y\[9W E` riU9 _ Uc-f¬Ub ®§[hrWZc fiU-®§[hsiY E j^[9W E n"e¯U _`_E`a W E j E W&U¬b firjn&UriY¤&[ E eic Eà riU _ Uc a UOYyW\riYdsg[9W E n"eicMkmUOb j^[9e E` riUcUW¿W\£UOYZk E` riUc cZUµWZY\[hfir E cZUe8W a [hY _ [ aia [hY E W E n"e$f;rieU _ UOb U YZUÀs E YUb ®¯Y E eihUOeijUh ÂSb W¤[9eWXfinheie¬Uob cZn"en"Y E E eUh;jU __ Uqw j E eU a UOr&W Uq W\YdUkonfU b _E cUb U riU fiU¸®§z[ jOy n"e [ _ U^b [9WZn E YdUh{TVUc´isiYZUckon&fUOYZeUOc a YUb cZUeWZUOe8W$reiU f E c a UOYZc E n"eokon&fg[ _ U{fiU a n _ [9Y E cZ[9W E n"e²fiU _ ¡n"YdfiYZU°fiU+³ü a c .$# Äkz+nhric=]"UOYdYZn"ec riU _ UOcMcdn _`E W\n"eic a YUOb cZUe8W\UOe8WJreiU%sÃn"eieUXcyW¤[hs E`_`E W&Ub ®§[9jOU [o jUWZWZU%s E YUqb ®¯Y E ei"UOejOUlYUb c E friU __ UhUW riU¦einhric a n"rYZYZnheic fin"ej _ [²e¬UOb _`E hUOY a [hY _ [²cZr E W\U9 UÖ £ ! ¢ u ¢ Ø/ Ö. VT U$j^[hYZ[hjW UO YdU¸[hkon"Y a £U fiU _ [Ac E`_`E jOU®§[ E W riU _ UOcª´isiYZUc~n a W E riUOceU a YUOb cZUe8W\UOe8W a [hcfiU a n _ [hY E cZ[hs E`_E W&UJb ein"e _`E eU^b [ E YZUXfiU²W½¾ a U* é VÂ=e YZUq]9[heij¤£iU9 _ U²jn&Uqªj E UeW+*-,lUOcyWJ®§[ E s _ UhÃkª[ E c+ein"e er _ »UqW¦]9[Uq W\YZU [ _ n"Y E E eiU²fiU _ [ ai_ r a [hYdW%fiUc¦U#CUWZc¦einhe _`E eU^b [ E YZUcl[Ë;UjW\[he8W _ [ a Ydn a [h8[·W E nhe fiU%c E heg[hr&n a W E` riUcOCT[À®§[ E s _ UOcdcZU%fiU¦jU¦jOnUoj E UOe8W a n"rY _ [Àc E_`E jOUXUOcdWjOn"e8WZYZUOsi[ _ [hejÃUOb U%fD¡rieiU a [hYyW a [hY _ Uµ®¯n"YdW%jOnhe´geiUkªUeW%fir j¤£i[hk a U b _ UOjWZY E rUofi[heic _ UÀjOnUOriYXfiU _ [~´gsiYZU9»jOYUOb [he8Wµ[ E eic E fiUc²fiUOec E W&UOb c²fU a r E cZcZ[heijOUcÀ[hcZcdUO U b _ Uq]MUb UOcSUW¦fD³[9rW\YdU a [hYyW a [9Y _ Uc _ n"ei"rUOriYdc¦fD E e8W\UY\[hjqW E n"e §ÄkMcdriY _ UOc rU _`_ UOc _ UOc¿#U CUWZc{ein"e _`E e¬U^b [ E YZUOc a UOr]hUOe8W°cdUkª[he E ®¯UcdWZUOYOTVUjn"r ai_ [h"U-UOe8W\YdU _ ¡n"eifU n a W E` riU²UqWlrie a £inhein"e[hjOnhricdW E` riU $¬Y E`__ n"r E eÉn"r¸n a W E rU|-[hk[9eÉvcdU a YZn a [h"UO[he8Wlfg[heic _ [ c E_`E jOUUcdW [ _ nhY E E eiU+fDre [hr&W\YZUW½¾ a U%f; E eWZUOYZ[hjW E n"eic.
(26) ½N¾ HË ¿ÉÓ ÒVÕVÎÁÀ/§%ÂÎÉÐ`tnr6ÑÑ¡s q GÓ t;ËiÒVÓGr q Ð r%¿gÒVÓGÃ%s»ÎÉÐ`¿9Ë6Õ ÐlrÆÍÓ ÒÄr q . 3/.Mð8æ?ñÀê»ð æ (. Ð. ô=ð0* , TVUOcW\Ydn E c a Y E eij Ea [hr& U#CUWZcJein"e _E e¬UOb [ E YdUOc a riYZUkªUeWln a W E rUOccdn"e8W _ [hrW\nhkªnfir _ [9W E n"efiU a £g[9cZUX§nhro}¿ a n"ri1Y /E
(27) 32465ËQ87<95U :gq _ [konfir _ [·W E nhe¦fiU a £i[hcZU°jYZn E cUOb UJEcJ¿<;%Q þ 2465Ëk7+=5U E:ÉDUW _ UÀkmU b _ [hei"U rg[9WZYZUÀn"eifUOc~§¢6¹ n5?>5A@ B7x DCU EGF»»xUÀfiUOYde E UY a Ydn&jUOcZcdric{fiU+jOYU^b [9W E n"eofD¡rieiU _ n"ei"rUOriY¿fD¡n"eifiU [ a [hYyW E Y¿frkmU b _ [9ei"UvfiUfUOr&[hrWZYZUce¬Ub jOUOcdc E W\U rieª[hjOjn"YZfªfiU a £g[hcdU+f¬U b _`E j^[9W a n"riVY Uq W\YZUvUqªjO[hjOU9&en"ric _ Uve¬Ub _`E "UOYdn"eic=fin"ej a [hY _ [JcZr E W\U98¼ _ga UrW e¬UOb [heikon E eic _E k E WZUOY _ UOcMj^[ a [hj E W&Ub c¿fUOc¿cd¾cdW UO koUOcr&W E`_E cZ[he8W _ U°k²r _ W Eai_ U[h"U{Ue _ n"ei"riUriYMfD¡n"eifiU9 T=³[hr&W\n"kon&fr _ [9W E n"eµfU a £g[9cZUcdUkª[he E ®¯UOcdWZU a [hY¿rie E ef E jU-fUYUqb ®¯Y\[hjqW E n"eªfU _ [Xc E`_`E jOUvf¬U b a Ue&w fg[he8W¿fiU _ [ a r E cdc\[heijUvn a W E riUhTVU{W\Uk a c¿fU-YU b a n"eicdU-fU-jUW¿#U CUWµUqb W¤[he8W E e®^Ub Y E UOriY [J rieU-®¯Uk¦W\n9w cZUjOn"efiUhn"e _ U°jn"eic E f UO YdUvÆUOb e¬Ub Y\[ _ UOkoUOe8W¿jOn"kokoU E eicyW¤[he8W\[he¬Uhb z-U°W\Y\[^]9[ E_`_ [9eW rD³[^]hUOjfUOc=´gsiYdUOc kon"ein"kon&fUOcOn"e a UOr&Wµkªnè¾hUOeieiUY _ ¡#U CUWµfU _ [hrWZn"kªnfir _ [9W E n"e fiU a £i[hcZUcdriY _ ¡rie E riUkon&fU W\YZ[heicy]"UOYdc\[ _ UqWvUOefUOb fir E YZU _ [¦]h[9Y E [·W E nhefD E eif E jOUQU ;UjW E ® E eifir E W\U a [hY°riej¤£g[hk a ]MUb £ E jr _ [9eW _ [ a r E cZcZ[heijORU ÆcdriY _ UJkon&fiU®¯nheifg[hkoUOe8W¤[ _ " Ç H á%ä H é Æ9 Idþ ë JLKMNMÎ ù ýúh H 9 Id· J/KOMNMUb W\[he8W _ [ E YdUQU ;UjW E ]"UfiUkon&fiUfiU _ [´gsYZUhMT=¡n"Y E E eUfirmW\UYZkoJ U vZ[hrWZn"kªnfir _ [9W E n"efiU a £g[9cZU w UcdW _ [$cdr E ]9[he8WZU " _ U a Ydnh´ _ WZUOk a n"YdU _ UOe E e8W\Ueic E W&Ub fr c E "ei[ _ n a W E` riUª]h[ E eifir E YZUreiU kon&f E ´gj^[·W E nhefiU _ E eif E jOUSfU¿YdU®¯YZ[hjW E n"eDèfn"eijMrieXYZUW\[hYZfXfiU a £g[hcdQU P6R Id;f¬U b a Ueifg[he8W _`E e¬U^b [ E YZUOkoUOe8W fiU _ E e8W\Ueic E W&U b E ecdW¤[9eW\[he¬Ub UhÃT»[À®¯YU b riUOejOU E eicdW\[he8W¤[he¬UOb UUqb W¤[he8W a Ydn a nhYdW E n"eieiU _`_ U [ _ [of¬UOb Y E ]MUOb UXfiU _ [ a £i[hcZU a [hYY\[ aia n"YyW [9r WZUOk a cOvjOUqW$QU ;UqW cdUWZY\[hfir E Wfin"eij ´geg[ _ UOkoUOe8W a [hYrie fUOb jO[ _ [hhU ®¯YU b riUOe8W E U _ ]"UYZc _ UJYdn"ri"UX[hrf¬UOb srW-fiU _ E k a r _ c E n"eUWv]"UYZc _ UJs _ UOrUOe´gef; E k a r _ c E n"eDxUWdW\U jOYU^b [9W E n"e0fiU®¯YU b rUOeijU a UOr&àW U W\YdU]riU~jOnhkªkoUriepQU ;UqWÀf¬UOb hY\[hfg[9eW _ [ a Ydn a [h"[9W E n"e fg[hec²rie jOnheWZUqW\UlfiUWZY\[hecZk E cZc E n"e _E e¬UOb [ E YdUhkª[ E c{en"ric{]"UYZYdn"eic riUljOUWvQU ;UqWvUOcyW+Ue a [hYdW E U [ _ nhY E E eiU fiU _ ¡Uq E cdW\UeijOUlfiUc+cdn _`E W\n"ecO T»[konfir _ [·W E nhe fiU a £i[hcZUÀjOYdn E cUOb Uµf¬Ub c E "eiU _ E Ue PiriUOeijUµfD¡rie c E heg[ _ n a W E` riU¦cZriYlrie[hrWZYZU9 _ Uc%fUOr&c E "eg[9r&f E vbUOYZ[he8W _ ¡rieAfU _ [hrWZYZU a [hY _ UOriY _ nhei"riUriYlfDnheifiUnhr _ UOriY a n _ [hY E c\[·W E nheD J[heic _ U-jO[hc¿fiU+fUOr&ªc E "eg[hr [X fiUc _ n"ei"rUOriYdc¬fD¡n"eifU+f E -bUYZUeWZUOc _ [lkonf E ´gjO[9W E n"eµfiU _ E eif E jOU ]r a [hY _ ¡n"eifiU ù cO¡Uq a Y E koUX[ _ n"Ydnc " Ç H ájä H é & S ï R Idu ä4Tü S é R Idd© Ñ ù ³" H 9 Id XeYZUk[9Y riU riU _ [%kon&fr _ [9W E n"eÀfiU a £g[hcdUjOYdn E cUOb UUcdW°fUOr&®¯n E c ai_ rcUojO[hjOU riU _ ³[9rW\n"kon9w fir _ [9W E n"e [ E e8W\Ueic E W&Uµb UOb 8[ _ Uh^6n"riYfiUc6c E "eg[9r& [ _ [°xk UO koU _ n"eihriUOriY»fD¡n"eifU¬finheW _ [ a n _ [hY E c\[9W E n"e UOcyW-n"YdWZ£in""n"ei[ _ U9n"e{[ " Ç H ájä H é & S ï R Idu ä ü S é R Idd© Ñ ù ýþh H 9 Id U$kª[he E UO YZU ÆUOb e¬Ub Y\[ _ Uh _ [ kon&fir _ [9W E n"e fiU a £g[9cZU jOYdn E cUOb U E e8WZYZnfir E Wªfin"ej¸riejOn"r a_ [h"U ein"e _`E e¬U^b [ E YZU+UOe8W\YdU%fUOr&j¤£g[9k a c ï U VXWZYN[]\_^a`1bcY \ed`4^fYhg ij^fYNkOlf\3YNm3laij[$noij[/g]Yjk3^a`pg]YNk3qDijlf\ed`pr:lak:cs` qDk3la[:t `c[]bc`u[:i [L^ala[vs` YjlwkO`jV.
Documents relatifs
To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed
Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à
Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine
En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages
Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur
A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated
The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide
Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to
