Interactions possibles entre pratiques plastiques et analyse d'oeuvres

HAL Id: dumas-00738955

https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00738955

Submitted on 5 Oct 2012

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Interactions possibles entre pratiques plastiques et

analyse d’oeuvres

Bérengère Verwaerde

To cite this version:

Bérengère Verwaerde. Interactions possibles entre pratiques plastiques et analyse d’oeuvres. Educa-tion. 2012. �dumas-00738955�

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1

SOMMAIRE

Introduction 23141516

I.Interactions pratique et analyse d’œuvre : illusion ou réalité ?

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II.Comment se forment ces interactions ? 231871514'

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III – quelle finalité pour ces interactions ? 2314*

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INTRODUCTION

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I.

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1.1Qu'entend-t-on par « interactions » ?

vers un enseignement inter-actif

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1.2 Les liens entre art et arts visuels : la place de la théorie dans l'art

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1.3 séquence d'arts visuels : stage en responsabilité11

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1%ACED1%A1BCE1 12#C1CE1!1CDE1C1CDE1C1DECED11)1 %AC 1&(1D CCDE(1C1#CDEC C113D1FC1#2DFC151CEEC1%ACED(1C2D121AD1 EAE12CC1EC1# #1CD1EC18(1C1 BFC1FC12CCA31;C1FCDC1DB#EE1FD1 21AD1EC1CD1C2D& E#11AE1ADC12C,C1C42#CDC1%ADE151 1# ED1FC1 #%ACDC1CD1E1AC 3113AEA1FC1 12CEEC1FDCAC1FC18C(1 C1# ,C1DE1E #1 C1 F#EADCCDE1FBC313A1A1FC1 1#DC(1 C1# ,C1DE1#E#1DECDE1 E#1 2A1# #"1A1 CA12FAED1CE1 1C1# AC121 C122E1E"#%AC1FDD#1CE1 C1 D /C1F5.AC122#C1A1A1CE151CAC31;C1EC11ECCDE1D ACD#1C1%A11#E#1 1CD12E%AC121 1AEC1FD1 C1EC1CD1C2D& E#3

II.

Comment

se

forment

ces

interactions

?

2.1Le regard,le geste et la pensée

KD14282( 151 B# C1V2"CICD(151 C(1CD1;?4(1ADC1AEC1#%ACDC1EAE1 D1#%A &C1CDEC12E%AC1CE1E"#C313 1%AC1 C1# ,C1#ECDE1CDED1FBC42#CDEC1CE1 FC12FAC(12 ACA112AC11E"#%AC1DE1#E#1EC1D1FC1 C1EA C1CE1FB# 1 CA1##CDC1EE%AC31;BCE5FC1%AC1FC1.AC1CD122E1C1 C1A+CE1DE1#E#1 2#CDE#C1A41CDDE12CDFDE1%AB 1E CDE1CA4:C1 CA12FAED12CDDC C31 ;C 1 DC 1 DE 1   1 2 1 FC 1 2 C 1 ACD 1 FC 1 2"C 1  1 &CD 1 AD 1 +CA 1 %A 1 C 1 +AC1 DEDAC CCDE1CDEC1C1%AC1 BD1E(1C1%AC1 BD1#EAFC1CE1 BD ACDC1%AC1C 12CAE11 A1C1%AC1 BD1E31J 1/11 51AD122E1FC1AC151CCE1CDEC1 C1/CA41@ B&CEDA(1 C 1 D 1 @ BC42#CDEEDA 1 CE 1  1 E:EC 1 @  1 # C4DA3 1 ;BCE 1 CA CCDE 1  1 C 1 E 1 CDE1 CDC& C1CE1C1#2DFCDE1%AC1 BD12CAE12 C1FBDECED1CE1FD1FBAD1CDCDCCDE1E1 CE12CEDCDE12A1 BCDDE31;BCE12C1%AC1C1FCDC1DE1 E#1DEDAC CCDE1%AB 1 2CACDE1 C12 A1 D1FD1 CA1#EE#1CE1 CA1# C4D1A1 1OD1FDE11C1# C1 CA12FAED31PA%ABT12CAED1FC1 C1# ,C1FD1 CA1#EE#118ADE1 C1FCA41 #DC1ADEC1DA12ED1FB.AC1FBE1D /#C1C1 BFC1FC1 1 C31)A1EA1 C1# ,C1DE1DEDA#1CE1# #1 CA12FAED(1CD1 CD1C1C1%AB 1CDCDE1FC131 C1.AC1DB#ECDE1FD121 51CA CCDE12A1CDCDC1 1EC"D%AC1%AC122C1AD1 EEC112A1D2C1 C1# ,C(1 CA1FDDC1AD12DE1FC1F#2E1A1AD1A21FC12AC1 2A1 CA122C1#ED31KD1 CA1DEDE1%AB 1C4EC1FBAEC1/CD1FBC151ADC1 D E#1 C1# ,C1# CDE1 CA1"21FBDCEED1CD1E1CE1DC1C1CDECDE121& %A#3

BF#C1CDAEC1AE1FC1BD2C1FC1C1#DC12A1CFC1C1%AB 12CAE1C12C11 C122CDEC1DC1DE1DCDE#C1%AC1A1ADC1DED31)A%AC1DA1C12E1FA1 2D2C 1 %AB 1 / 1  1 DECED 1 CDEC 1 2E%AC 1 CE 1 E"#C( 1  1 DA 1 #2D 1 C 1 FCA4 1 C 1 2CCEEE 1FC11 12E#C1FC1"%AC1CDCDCCDE11-DC12C,C1#DC1C1&CE1 AD%ACCDE1A1 B"EC1FC1E(1 1E"#C(11 BD /C1FBADC1.AC31KE1ADC1CDFC1 CE1CDE,CCDE1CDE#C1A1FC1 12E%AC12AC31C1FCA41DBDE121#CDE1511FC1 D3 1 ;C  1 2CCEEE 1 FC 1  1  1 #C2ED 1 FC 1 # ,C 1 5 1 FCA4 1 E/2C 1 FBCDCDCCDE1 EE CCDE1F#CDE317A1AD1ADC1F#C1D,EC1CE12#C1FC1C1%AC1FDDC1C1FCA41

2#FC3 1 -D 1 :C 1 E",C 1 C 1 F#C 22CE 1 2A 1 FCA4 1 &+CE 1 F#CDE3 1 ;C 1 2CCEEE1D1FAEC1FB22"C1 1#2DC151 1%ACED1!1FC1 BD /C1FB.AC1A1FC1 1 2E%AC(1%AC 1CDCDCCDE1FC1 BAEC11KE1C1%AB 1/1CD11AD1%A1C1EAC1:EC1CDE 1

 1 FA 1 2CC 1 EC 1 CD 1 C2D& E# 1 C 1 # ,C 1 DE 1 CAE 1 ADC 1 2C,C 1 #DC1 CDE#C1A1 BD /C1FBADC1.AC31J 1CCCDE1AD11CE1DBDE12E2#1%AB CCDE1 A4 1 DECED 1 22#C3 1>, 1 EC( 1 CED 1 C 1 DE 1 F2#( 1 CE 1  1 FC 1  1 FCA4,C1 #DC1CE1FA1E 1A1 C1EC C1 11 A122C C1EAE1C1%A1E1#E#1A1A2DE(1A1 EAE1FA1D1ADC1&DDC12EC31KD1CCE1 C1# ,C1DBCDE121CECDA1C1%AB 1CDE1 #EAF#31J 1AE1+AE#1%AC1 C1FCA41#DC1DE1#E#1C2#1FBADC1CDC121D#%ACDE1 1/1 E1FC12 A1DFC1"DC1FBA& 31?1 C1E1FC1 CA1FDDC1 BD /C1FBADC1.AC1D1 2E2ED 1 D,EC 1 5 1 ADC 1 2E%AC 1 DEC 1 %AC 1 C 1 # ,C 1 DE 1 C 1 F#E"C1 2CCCDE 1 FC 1 B22CDEC 1 CE( 1 C 1   1 C 1 CDECDE 1 2( 1 DB/ 1 EACDE 1 21 FBDE#:E 1 2EA C3 1 J 1 AE1 # CCDE1 DEC 1 %AC1 BCDCDCCDE 1 FC 1 E 1 AC  1 CE1 ADC1 E,C1DA ,C1%A1DBCDCDFC121 C1:C1E/2C1FC1(1FB# AED1151 BDCC1 1B22A/C1A1ADC12EC12 A1 AF%AC1FC122CDEC1CE1BCE1+AECCDE1CEEC12EC1 %A 1 CE 1 =E#C 1 5 1 C 1 +CADC 1 2A&  1 %AC 1 DA 1 CA 1 CD CD 1  1 2E%AC3 1 J 1 DB/ 1  1 2 A1 D2A ED(1 1DB/112 A1+CA1CDEC1 C1CF1CE1 C1CEC(1 B# ,C1DC1C1CDE1FD1D1ECA1D1 DCE313 1%ABCE1C1%A1E#C1C1 CD1CCDEC 1CDEC12E%AC1CE1D /C11VDEC C1 #C CCDE1FC11DECED11

2.2 Pourquoi ces interactions ?

3D1FC1#2DFC151CEEC1%ACED1 1DA1AE1CCD1A1 C1EC1CD1C2D& E#1 # # 1 CD 1 +DC 1 CE 1  1 42843 131 EC 1  1 %ACED 1 FC 1 B# AED 1 CE 1 BD /C 1 FC1 F#CDE1EC C12##(1DA1DA1EE"CD12 A12##CDE1512CDFC1 1D E#1 CE1 C1CD1FC1C1DECED3

CCBE6E43892E4E663892

KD1AAD11 C1# ,C1DE1#E#1# A#1A1 CA12FAED1D C11B#EE(12A1

CED( 1  1 EAEC 1 2C,C 1  1 %AB  1 C 1 CCDE 1 FBAD 1 EC 1 22C 1 2"E1! 1 # C43 1 C1 # AED1AE12A1C1C1 1A1 BD /C1F5.AC31KD1CCE(1512E1FA1&A C1 CDDE#1CE1FC122E1E"#%AC(1 C1# ,C12ACDE151 CA1EA(1512E1FBADC1DAC C1 2"E( 1 C2#C 1 CED 1 2DE 1 C 1 C 1 2 D( 1 C 1 2DE 1 FC 1 AC 1 CE3 1 3D( 1 CD1 CDEC4EA DE1 C122CDEC1DA12AD1CD1#C1 16EC121 1 C31C1 &AE 1 #EDE 1 FC 1 C 1 2CDFC 1 A4 1 CDDE 1 %AC 1 CA 1 22C 1 CF 1  1 # A# 1 A 1 1 2"E2"C3 1 CA 1 . 1 CE 1 CDED# 1 5 1  1 AEC 1 "C 1 %AC 1  1 2 C 1 C3 1 ;CEEC1 # AED1DC1BCE(1"# (121# #C31C1D%AC1FC1EC21 1FC1FCDC1+A1FC1EC1 1#AE#1 C1#DC1CE1AAD1CDE1DB12A1:EC1D#151CEEC12"C1EC C1%AC1F#EC1 FCA31

)A%AC 1 B# AED( 1  1 C C 1 E 1 #E# 1 EC( 1 C 1 2EC 1 A 1 BD /C 1 2 A 1 %AC 1 1 2E%AC(1 1AE1FD(1DE1FC1 1C(1#C1 1DDDC1FC1# ,C1A1 C1A+CE319D1 DC 1 2CAE 1 2 1 C 1 DECC 1 A 1 %AC %AC 1 "C 1 %AB  1 DC 1 6ECDE 1 CDC 1 %AC 1 E2 1 2CA31 ) ACA1/CD12CCEECDE1FBDC1 C122CDEC1CE1FB2#C1AD1CEA1 C1C1C1 %A11F#+51#E#1A31;BCE1ADC1EC1FC1CECDE1DEDAC1CDEC1 C122CDEC1CD1A1 CE 1 C 1  1 F#+5 1 %A 1 2 1 C 1 # ,C 1 %AB 1 AE 1 CDECECD 1 CD 1 2CDCDC3 1 9 1 C1 DECED1%ABCDE1 BD /C1FBADC1.AC1CE1 12FAED1FC1CDDE12CCE1+AECCDE1 C12C2#EAC 1 CCEA1CDEC1C1%AC1+C1DD1CE1C1%AC1+B22CDF317A12AD1FD1 2 C 1 FBDECED 1 CA CCDE 1  1 C C 1 FDDCDE 1 CA 1 5 1 AD 1 22CDEC 1 E 1 CE 1 5 1 ADC1 # AED1DD#C1%A1AE C1C1FCA41# #CDE1!1E"#C1CE12E%AC31VB 1/11DECED1 BCE1%AC(1D CCDE(1D1DC12CAE121CDE1#2C1 C1FCA4122CDEC1CE1%AC1FD1  1 AE 1 C 1 # AC 1 CDC& C3 1 V 1 +C 1  1 ADC 1 # AED 1 A 1 ADC 1 D /C 1 F5.AC( 1 CD1 DBC2:"C1%AC1 C1# ,C1#CDE1C1%AB 1DE121A1 C1F#CDE12 D(1 C1FC1 CE31CE1%ABCDAEC1 1CE C1 BC31;CEEC1#%ACDC1CE12EA ,C11 12E%AC11CE1 F#C1CD12 ACA1EC C31>AE1DC12CAE1FD121:EC1# A#31J 1AE1FD1"1C1%A1 CE12CEDCDE31

-DC1 #DC1 FC1 #EDED 1 2CCE 1 A4 1 # ,C 1 FC1 2CC 1 D,ECCDE 1 C1 1%A1CE1FD1 B# AED1FC1 CA1CF12122E1A41.AC12#CDE#C31)A1 C 1D12CAE1BD2C1FC12"E2"C1/DE1E #1F#CCDE1FC1C318DCA11 %AC 1 DA 1 AD 1 2COA 1 A 1 A 1 FC 1 2"C 1 FBD /C 1 %AC 1 DA 1 AD 1 DE## 1 5 1 1

2E%AC31J 1CE1DE#CDE1FC12E1A1HCD1;EC11CD1CE1K EE1KWEE1%A1DBDE1 21 C1:C1CF12"E2"%AC1%AC1C&CE18DCA1D1 C1:C1CDE1FC1E 31 B# AED1DECE1 151D /C1FC12DE12#1FC1 12"E2"C1CD1#2DFDE1 51FC1%ACED1FA1E/2C11%AC1ED1A12CC12 D1112A121AD1E 12E%AC1A1 1 2"E1CD1C C:C31

;C 1 E/2C 1 FB# AED 1 DEC 1 %AC 1  1 E"#C 1 CE 1 1+AE#C1 1 5 1  1 2E%AC 1 D 1 FC1 B# C1CE1DD1 BDCC31;C11 1D E#1CEE1EAE1FC1:C1 12FAED1FC1 # ,C 1 CE 1 BD /C 1 FBADC 1 .AC 1 DB#EE 1 %ABADC 1 FC( 1 ADC 1 ACEAC 1 FBC2E 1 FC 1 BCDDE31 )AEDE(1A1D 1BCE1CEEC1D /C1%A1C1# A#C1(1D1ADC12#"CDD12#C1 FC1C C1 B# ,C1DBA12121 C1&AE1FC1 BC4CC31VD1:EC1ADC1D E#1CD1(1C C1 CE1DF2CD& C1CE12CAE1FD1:EC1# A#C317A12AD1:C1 C12 A1 D1CD1DEDE1 %ABC C1FE1:EC1# A#C1D1FC1#C1 1&DDC12#"CDD1FC1# ,C1A1C1%AB 1 DE1CE12A%A1 1 C1DE3

;CEEC1# AED1A DC(1D CCDE(1ADC1C ED1&XC1CDEC1 1E"#C1CE1 1 2E%AC31BAD1DC1121D1 BAEC1CE121D#%ACDE1 %AC1 B# AED12EC1A1AD1 2DE12#(1C1FCDC1CE12 A1F C151F#ECDC319D1E1&CD1%AB 1/11DECED11 C1FCA4122CDEC1DE1&%A#1 BAD1FD1 BAEC319D1&CC1%AC1 12CD1FC1 BCDDE1C1E151 1121 C1CEC11# CCDE121 1# C4D1%AB 12,C31;C2CDFDE( 1 ADC1FC1DFC1FA E#1#FC1+AECCDE1FD1CEEC1F#"C1DEC31311 BFC1 %AB22EC1 BCDCDDE151 B# ,C1D1%AC1C1FCDC12,C1ADC1# C4D1A112E%AC31C1 &AE1FC1CEEC1DECED1BCE1FC1C1#FEC1 BCDDE1A1C1%AB 1CDEC2CDF1CE1FBA1D1 CF1A1 C1DFC1CE1BCE1&CD1FD1C1CD1%AC1 BD12CAE12 C1FBDECED3

CCE54395E5E4E634845

BEC C1811#E#12 AE=E1&CD12121 C1# ,C1CE1# #1FC1OD1CQ12FC31 ;C 12CCE1FC1A DC1%AC1 C1EC212#1A1"%AC1EC C1#EE1F#CDE31C1# ,C1 %A1CDE1D1 CA12+CE12ACDE1E1 C12 #EC121FC1 1A CA1A1FBAEC1C(1 E1CD1CDC1AD1DACA31J 1CE1 1DE#CDE1FC1 CA1FCDFC1FC1# C1AD1 E 1A1 C12 DCCDE1FC1 BC31KD1CCE(12A1 C1C1E C1 C1""2(1

DA 1 2AD 1 CA 1 FCDFC 1 FC1 DEDAC 1 C 1 EE 1 %A 1 B:ECDE 1 DCE 1 C 1 C 1 &F 1 FC1 BC1D1%AB 12CDDCDE1 B2EDC1FA1FC1!1C1%AC1 BD1E1CE1C1%AC1 BD1 2COE 1 A 1 DC 1 DE 1 FCA4 1 "C 1 F#CDEC3 1 3C 1 AD 1 CF 1 C4E#CA( 1 2 ACA1 FED 1 2CDE 1 CCDEC C 1 FD 1 CEEC 1 #%ACDC3 1 )C,CCDE 1 BEC C 1 8 1 CE 1 41 DB#ECDE 1 2 1 CQ 1 F#CDE 1 2A 1 C 1 # ,C 1 C 1 %A 1 2AE 1 FDDC 1 B2CD 1 FBADC1 CEDC1#2#EED1%ADE1A1E 1FCDF#313D1FC1 C1C1E C1 C1"21CE1" "21 1AFE12 AE=E1C2 C1AD1FC1EC C1@2&& CCDE1 C1DL4A121AD1E 1A1 C 1 2 DCCDE 1 FC 1  1 2"E3 1 ;C 1 FCDC 1 C4CC 1 +D C 1 CDEC 1 D /C 1 FC 1 BC 1 CE1 2FAED 1 FC 1 B# ,C3 1 KD 1 CCE 1 BCDDE 1 FE 1 &CC 1 CE 1 BDE#CC 1 2D2 CCDE 1 A41 &F1FC1 BC1D1FBDC11AEC31;BCE1FD1512E1FBADC1&CED1DC1CE1FBADC1 CEDC1D /C1FC1 12ED1FC1 BC1%AC1 BCDDE112A1DEDAC1 C1EE1 %AC 1 CDE 1 C 1 &+CE 1 & C 1 A 1  1 2"E3 1 ;CE 1 C4CC 1  1 D CCDE 1 #EE 1 # # 1 CD1 A2C(1 1FC1 1FCD,C1#DC1@FCA4,C1ECA(1A1ADC1"C1A1 %AC C1DA1D1  #12 ACA12"E12C121 C1# ,C31-D1EC C(12#1FC161# ,C(1#EE1"#1 FC12 DC121FC1EE1& D1@ C1DF1#EE1DA1EAE1C1%A12AE11F#2C1FC1 BC11FD151 11 C1211A1 C1CA& C1CE31;CE1EC C11#E#12 AE=E1&CD 1 #A31C1# ,C1DE1E,1EC121 C1&AE31;C1 1/1E12 ACA12"E1 #C1AD1 2CA12EAE(1 1 E1FD1%AC1 C1EE1BCDEC: CDE1CE1:C1%AB 1CDE1C1C+DFC1 2 ACA12"E311&D1#A EE1FC1CEEC1EE#1DEC1%AC1C1E 1AE(1CD1CCE(12A1 :EC1E1FD1AD1E 1DFFAC 1A1FC12 A12CEE1E3

BEC C141AE12 A12 %A#151# C1FA1E1FC1 1%A E#1FC12"E2C1FC1 2"E31J 1 E1CC1ADC1C1512E1FC1FCA412"E31C1# ,C1FCCDE1FD1 F#A2C 1 CE 1 #CDC3 1 J 1 AE 1 #E# 1 D 1 FAEC 1 2 A 1 2CEDCDE 1 FC 1 C 1 C 1 5 1 2E 1 FC1 QDC1F#A2#(11C 1C1C& E1:EC1E21# D#1FC1 12"E1CD1D1CE1& D1CE1 FC12CDDC1@ C1CDDEA1#EAF#1EAE1A1 D1FC1 1#%ACDC31;CE1EC C11FD1# A# 1 C1AD1E 1A1 12ED1FC1 BC1A12 ACA1DCA41!1 1 E1C2 11 CA C12A1#C1ADC1DAC C12"E31;B#EE1 1DFED1DF2CD& C11 C1# ,C1DE1 CA1ECDFDC151 C1&CAA21FC1& D1FD1 CA1DAC C1C1C1%A1DC1CDFE121 C1 #A EE 1 EECDFA8$_{3 1 MD CCDE 1  1  1 #E# 1 2 A 1 2CEDCDE 1 FC 1 C 1 A4 1 # ,C 1 2 CD 1 FC1}

2"E2C1FC12"E1CE1FC1 CA1FC1FC1C2 1ADC1CA C1& D"C1@FC12 A12CEE1E1

8$ ;1DDC4C1$(1'(1*

%AC1C A13'1"E1A1F#2EA1D1%AB 12ACDE1FD1AD12 A1 C1"41FC1F#C12A1 DCDEC 1 ADC 1 DAC C 1 2"E3 1 ;C 1 FCDC 1 C4CC 1 BCE 1 ## # 1 2 A 1 CC1! 1 C CA1 2#"CDD1FC1 1DDC(1CE1FC1&CD1C CA1#A EE1DE1#E#1&ECDA3

BEC C 1 $ 1  1 # 1 FC 1 &C C 1 A2C8'_{3 1 C 1 # ,C 1 FCCDE 1 FCDC 1 C 1 %AB 1}

/CDE 1 A 1 1 E& C 1 CD 1 CFDE1 51 EC 1 AD 1 122C 1 2"E 1 CD 1 22C1 1 @CA C 1 FC1 22C 1 2C#C 1 FBAD 1 # 1 A 1 FBAD 1 CED CA3 1 ) ACA 1 &+CE 1 A4 1 C 1 ##E%AC1 2 C1@22CDFC(1&%AC1FC1 E(1&AEC C333A1CDE1#E#1F2#1A1 1E& C311CD CDECDFA1 1 E1C1EECDED151DC121FCDC1 1&AEC C1CDE,C11C C1#EE1"#C121 122CDFC3331;CE1C4CC1E,1DE#CDE11F#1 C1# ,C15111AECCDE11CE151C1 2EDDC1CD1EDE1%AC12"E2"C31J 1/11FC1"C1511# DC11CE1FBAEC151FC31 ;C  1 CDEDC 1 C 1 AEA 1 2"E2"C 1 5 1 2CDFC 1 %AC 1 2CDFC 1 ADC 1 2"E 1 C 1 DBCE 1 21 CA CCDE1DEC(1BCE1A1"1FBCD CC1ADC12EC1FC1C1%AC1E1 BC 318D1CE1 EC C(1C1 C1DA#18(1DEC1%AB 1AE1C1FC1"41CD12"E2"DE31J 1/11FC1 "C1%AC1 BD1DEC1CE1FBAEC1DD3

;CED 1 # ,C 1 DE 1 CA 1 &CAA2 1 FC 1  1 5 1 2CDFC 1 C 1 %AB  1 /CDE 1 CE1 CDE1 C1FCDC31?1DB#EDE1%ABCD1;K81AD1#A EE1E#1#EE12 A1A1D1EECDFA31 C1&AE1#EE1DE1EAE1FBCDEDC1 B. 1FC1CDDE1CE1FC1C1FC12CC1C31)AEDE1 %AC %AC1# ,C1DE1#A151DC1FCDC1%ABADC12EC1FC1&+CE1%AB 1/CDE31?:C11 1 F2ED1CE1 1C2FAED1DBCE121#CDE1CEC(1CED1DE1ECDE#1FC1FC1FC1 C2#CDEED1F#CDE1@DF1AD1&+CE1%A1CE1FCDE(1DC1C2#CDEC1%ABADC12EC1 FBAD1AECA1%A12ACDE1ADC1CEDC1C"C"C318C1CDDE1DE1:C1C2#CDE#1EAE1C1 %AB 1/CDE1A1 D1!1AD1AEC1FC(1FC1&ACA4(1 C1E& CA3331CD12EDDDE1C1 # #CDE1 C1AD1FC,C1 C1AEC1A1 C1AD1A1FCA1FC1AEC31KDD(1 1FBAD1CEA1 CD1 CE1A1 C12FAED(1 C1# ,C1DE1A1FC1%AC(1CD1CCE(1%ADF1D1CFC1A1 D1DA1/D1 C1&+CE12 A12CEE1%AC1CA411A12CC12 D131;CE1EC C1BCE1## #1 DF2CD& C1A1D 31J1 1E"#C1CA C1DBAE12122E#1ACDE31J 1 E1%AC1 C1# ,C1CDE1 BED12A12CDFC1C1%A1C12C1FD1DEC1D3

7A1ECDCD121 BEC C12"E2"C23_{31;CEEC1EE#1FE1:EC12COAC1C1}

8' ;1DDC4C16 8* ;1DDC4C17(1

1D E#1FC1EA41# #1CE121D#%ACDE1 1AE1D1FAEC1 A1 1CDC1 2 A1EF1A1 1CC12C1 C12CC1# ,C1D1%AB 1CDE1DCDC1FC1 CA1 # AED31?1 C1# ,C1DE1&CD1FC1D2A C1 B22C 12"E12A12CDFC1D1 DEDDCCDE1CE1CDE12CDFC1ADC12"E31J 1AE1#E#1DE#CDE1FC1C1AD1CEA1 A1 C12"E1# #C151 BFC1FBAD1F#2+CECA1CEUA1FBAD1FDECA1D1%AC1 BD1 BDECC1A11CDE1# C1CEEC1C11(11C 1DB1212A1:EC1# #121 D%AC1FC1/CD(1BCE12A%A(1FB CA(1 C12"E1DE1#E#12#C1CE1 #C1A1AD1 ED1D1D1FBCD12 DC1 C1 DC3

C1# ,C1DE1ECDA1 B22C 12"E1FD1 CA1D1"AD1 CA1EA1CE1DE121CA4 :C 1  1 2"E3 1  1 FA 1 DDC 1 FC 1 C C 1  1  1 C& # 1 #FCDE 1 %AC 1  1 2D2 C1 FA E#1C1EAE1A1DCA1FA1FC31B22C 1CE1AD11# C411CQ1 AF1CE1 C1 # ,C1DE1CA1FA1 151C1E& C1C311 AED1AE1FB22EC1AD12CF1D1%AC1 C1 CDDE12ACDE12C1 B22C 1CE1C1DCDEC1FBDEC1A1 CA12"E31J 1 1AE1#E#1 DE#CDE1FC1C2CDFC1 C12"E1F#+51# #C1CE1FC1C1AD1E 1FC1CFC1A1 DE%AC 1 CD 1 C1 2DE1 C 1 &DDC 1 %ACED1! 1 1 1 2"E 1 CEC C1 FEC11 1 1FED1 C1 1E:EC1FC1ADEC 1%A1CFC1 B22C 12"E11(11CEEC12CDDC1CE1A2#C(1FED1 1 C1A1DD111 )A%A11(11 1E& C1DC1C& C121FEC(1%AC12CAED1C12A1 %ABC C1 C1FCCDDC1131KDC1ADC1(121D%AC1FC1/CD1DE%AC(1DA1D1 FD1E #1DAC CCDE1 C12"E3

-D1E 11#E#1E1CD1 CE1A1 C1DDC1FC12"E31;C 1C2DF1FD1 51 12"C1FBDEEAEDD ED1T1 C1# ,C1AE CDE1 CA1DAC C1DDDC1FD1 AD11DCE(1 C1DCDDE1FCECCDE31KDD(1BCE151CEEC1D1%AB 1DDCDE1 C 12C,C 12"E 12C 1CD 1F#&AE1 FC1A( 1D1 1EC"D%AC13 131 CEEC1D 1 C1 CDDE 1 2ADE 1 DEC 1 C 1 # AED 1 CCEA#C 1 FC2A 1 C 1 F#2E 1 CE 1 C 1 F#CDC1 C%A& C1CDEC1C12CC1C1CE1 C1#A EE1D 31KD1CCE1%AEC1CDDE1DE121 CD12"E1 1 C1CD1EAE1F#&AE1FC1EC31J 12ACDE12CDFC1DB2EC1%AC C12"E1FC1 1  C31J 1DE1EA1"1FC1C1CEEC151AD1D1CE1FC12CDFC1ADC12"E1FC1 1 C1CD 1 A2C3 13D1 B# AED 1 FA 1 E 1 FC1 # ,C1 CE1  CCDE1 2COAC3 1 K C1 BCE1 EC1 CD1 DEDAC 1 CE 1 FC 1 D,C 1 EC 1 2 1 C 1  CCEA 1 2## 1 CDEC 1 C 1  1 22E# 1 21 BCDCDDE1CE1 12FAED1FC1 B# ,C1AECDA123331 BCDCDDE1# CCDE333

III

–

quelle

finalité

pour

ces

interactions

?

3.1le projet,l'élève,l'enseignant

11E6E!751561381E367417 74!71E31AEF514515! 1 514- 5127581E3 5861451F4651851E35E88511B51371567586 1 453 1 665867E8 1 64 1 45 1 BE3 5 1 AE7 1  5B 1 375 1 75665 1 65B87351E"47!5144- 51)1BE7713811481(1E6E!735164 1 7E5 1 787 1 38 1 EB3F586 1 7F586 1 36747"45 1 B5 1 35 1 4 1 4761116E3 5163765158153'17F587E81(28

31EC1 C12+CE116F!51B961BE31(1 11#E#1FDD#1A41CDDE1 12& E#1FC1 BCDC 1 FD 1 AD 1 2CA 1 FC 1 #ED3 1 ;C 1 2+CE( 1 CD 1 2 C 1 FC2A 1 6 1 D( 1 AE C 1 1 2"E2"C12A1C1BDECC1 C1# ,C1FA12C1A1 C1DFC31KD14222(1PY1 D(1DEC1FC1 B#FAED1DED C(1CE1;E"CDC1>(1DEC1FC1 C1A EAC1CE1FC1 1 ADED12#CDECDE1AD12 D1%AD%ACDD 12A1 C1F#C 22CCDE1FC1E1CE1FC1 1 A EAC151 B# C31C1E12 E%AC1DE1FD1& EC31B&+CE1CE1FC12 C1A1.A1 FC 1 BED 1 1 BEEC( 1 5.AC( 1 C 1 2+CE1 1  1 C 1 # ,C 1 DDCDE 1 2CA 1 C 1 C 1 CE1 #%ACDECDE12CA1 C1 CA41EE%AC1CE1A EAC 31

8D1 C1 C1E#1A1FCA1 1CE1 CCDE1C42 E#1%AC1 C1&CD12A1 C1# ,C1 FB:EC1DDE#151AD1CDDDCCDE1EE%AC1DBCE12 A151F#DEC31KE12A1C 1 C1= C1 FA16EC1CE1DFCDE 31;BCE1C1FCDC1%A1FDDC1 B2A D1DFEC1FBADC1CDC1 FB C1AFC 51FC1 B#EE1FC12CEECA31J 1CE1#E1%AC1 BCDCDDE111CDE1AD1= C1FC1 DC2ECA(1FBDECA(1FB2DECA1FA12+CE1EE%AC131)A%AC1BCE1 A1%A1 CE 1 CD 1 C 1  1 #%ACDC 1 BCE 1 ZC 1 5 1 A 1  1 C C 1 DEDDC 1 A 1 DD3 1 J 1 CE 1 C A 1 %A 1 EC1 C1# ,C1EAE1A1 D1FA12+CE12A1BDCE1FD1ADC1F#"C1CE"#E%AC1A1 EE%AC1D1FC12EC1ADC1# C4D1A1 1DFC31C16EC1FE1FD1151 11 BF2EC151D12A& 1CE1DD6EC1ACDE1C1# ,C12A1DC121B# DC1FC1C1%A1

86 M31K>[1CE1K31P9G(1#C14224(1:85158651E6E!735(1;C8)1F#C1FC1;#EC (1CC2,C1 2A112CC1FC#3

C12ACDE151 C12 A1 D1FD1 CA1F#"C31J 1FE1FC1CD1E:EC1D1&+CE1CE1CD1 :C1EC211BF2EC1A41&CD1FC1# ,C1C151AD1CDCDCCDE1%A1FCDFC1 &CAA21FBDCECCDE3

BAE ED1FC1 BAE 12"E2"%AC151 B# C12CCE1A41# ,C1FC1C1# AC1 CA1CF1A1C1%A1 C1CDEAC31;122CDFC151CFC1 C1DFC1BCE122CDFC121 BED31J 1AE1%AC1 C1# ,C1D2A CDE(1+ACDE(1B222CDE1 BDEACDE12A1CDAEC1 BAE C1CE1F#C 22C1ADC1F#"C1FC1%ACEDDCCDE1FA1DFC31BCDCDDE(1 A(1CE1 51 2A 1 C 1 AFC( 1 CE 1 BFC 1 FD 1 C 1 2CA3 1 )A 1 FC 1 BCDDE( 1 C 1 6EC 1  1 2 ACA1 /CD3 1 ? 1 C 1 2 A 1 CC 1 CEC 1 FC 1 1DEC1( 1 FC 1 1C 1 # #"1 1 CE( 1 CDD( 1 FC1 1C13 1 ;BCE 1 FD1 C 1 6EC 1 %A 1 AE C 1 C 1 DECED 1 CDEC 1 2E%AC 1 CE 1 E"#C 1 2A1 FDDC151 BCDDE1 C1C CA1AE 1FD11%A:EC1FB22CDEC31B# ,C1DC1E121C1 %AB 1"C"C(1A1DF31J 1DC1E121#CDE1T1 11CE1CDE1 11/1C31;BCE1 FD1&CD1 C16EC1%A(1CD1 DE1 C1# ,C1EAC1FC1#2DC(1FC1C12CA1 #ECA31J 1FE11DC C1D1D ACDC11%ADF1 B# ,C1E1FC1"431KD12"E1 B# ,C1 1"1 C1FC(1 C12DE1FC1AC1CE1 1C1CD1,DC31KD1EDE1%ABCDCDDE1 1CE1#FCDE1 %AB 1 AE 1 2CCEEC 1 5 1 B# ,C 1 FB C 1 A 1 4A 1 FC 1 C 1 2E# 1 CD 1 C 1 2ADE 1 51 BDECC1A1 1D1FC1C1"43

3.2 Une culture commune

)1 BD /C1FC12 ACA12"E2"C1CE121C12+CE1FC1#%ACDC1 C1# ,C1DE1 A1%A1ADC1A EAC1ADC31;BCE121 BD /C1FC12 ACA12"E1%AC1 C1CDDE1 DE12A1CD1C2#C1 C1E#E%AC1CE1D1CDD6EC1AD1E/ C(1AD1# #CDE1%A1 CE1FCECCDE1CD1 CD1C1AD1EEC313D1 1 C1CDE,C1C1#AD1AEA1FC1C1 1 %A1CE12A1 C1#DCE1FD1 12E%AC31;"AD1 C1AD11F#CCDE1CE1 21D#%ACDE12,11D /#1ADC1.AC1CD1 C1CDE,C1 1CE12& C1%AC1"%AC1 # ,C1CD1CEC1C1ADC1CD& E#1F#CDEC1%A1D ACDC1A1DD112E%AC31KE1BCE1 51%AC1 BDECED1CDEC1ADC1D /C1EC1CD1AD1CE1ADC12E%AC12CDDC C1FCCDE1 2F C31;1BCE1CD12EDE1FBAD1:C11%AC1"%AC1# ,C11F#C 22C1ADC1 2E%AC 1 %A 1 A 1 CE 1 22C( 1  1 A 1 AD 1 %ACEDDCCDE 1 F#CDE3 1 C 1 &AE 1 FC 1 C1 DECED1DBCE1FD121FC1C1ADC1ADE#1AEA1FC1 BE11&CD1FC12AC1"%AC1 # ,C1FD1AD12CA1FC1# C4D1%A1 A1CE12CDDC 1CE1%A1C1## #1C1 BFC1FC1 BCDCDDE31;C1DECED12CCEECDE1 1FC1: C1 BCDCDCCDE1 & 1FBAD11 C1 C1F#C 22CCDE12CDDC 1FC1"%AC1CDDE31;BCE1A1CD1C 1%AC1C1DECED1 DE1D#CC3

8D 10857!85145161467352;_{(1831AEEC1@800'A1C42E1F#+51 1%AB1ADC1} C42CD 1 EE%AC 1 AE"CDE%AC 1 CE 1 FD 1 B&AECCDE 1 FBADC 1 #FAED 1 &CD 1 CD#C1 DE 1 5 1 B#2DACCDE 1 FC 1  1 2CDD E#( 1 CE 1 FBAD 1 CDCDCCDE 1 FC 1 DECDA1 2# & CCDE1F#ECD#1CD1AC1FBADC1C42CD1 &##C3131;CEEC1DED1FBAE"CDEE#1CD1 E1CE1D1FAEC1ADC1FC1D E#1CCDEC C1%AC12ACDE1 C1DECED1CDEC12E%AC1 CE1D /C1F5.AC31B# ,C(121C1+CA1FB# #CDE(1#C1AD1&+CE1%A1 A1CE122C1CE1%AC1 CA 1 A1AE12A1DCDEC(1C(1A1FCDC31J 1FDDC12151ADC12EC1FC1 A:C1CD1 2CDDE122A1A1FC1&C1 FC1%AB 11DEAE1C1 BCDCDDE1CE1 1 C31;BCE1C1 CEEC1 C1 FBC42CD 1 %AB 1 FE1 ECDFC3 1 BCDDE1 DA 1 DEC1 C1 %AB 1 E( 1 C1 %AB 1 1 22(1CE1C1%AB 1E1C31BCDCDDE1 C12AC151# 11A EAC1CE1A1D1CF1 CD1 C1 EDE1FD1AD12C2#EAC 1CECDE1CDEC1FC1.AC1DE#C1CE1#EAF#C1CE1AD1 CEA1A1ADC12FAED1CD1DEAED(1CD1A1FB# &ED3

87 8313I9->>K(1800'(10857!8514516146735(1H"CEEC1KFAED(1)#FC1)E%AC151 5B C

MD CCDE1C1DECED1DC1DE121ADC1D1CD112A%ABC C1CDEDCDE12 A1 D1 B# ,C1FD11F#"C315CDCDDE1%ADE151 A1C1FE1FC1EAC1 B#%A &C1CDEC1 AD122E1E"#%AC1CE1ADC1FC12E%AC31)A1 AEC1CEEC1E"#C(1EEFD1DA1A1 %AC %AC 1 DAC  1 FBE 1 AC  1 CE 1 CA 1 DEDDCCDE3 1 7A 1 DA 1 :ECD 1A 1 FCA41 DAC  1 FC1 1 :C 1  CED( 1 %A 1 DA 1 DEC1 2EA ,CCDE 1 &CD 1 B2EDC1 FC1 BEA ED1CDEC11CE1C3

8415151F8354

8D1 C1DAC 1FC1 1 CED113E1AC 1\18_{1C1%A1CE1EAE1FC1AEC1& C1}

BCE1 C1"41E1FC1E C1AD1E",C121 C31KD1CCE(1&CAA21FC1DAC 1E CDE1 21/ C1A121DCA1CE1CA2CDE12 ACA1A+CE1E,1F#CDE31J1 C1E",C12CCE1FC1 E C1C1FC1# ,C1FBZC1F#CDE11# CCDE1FC1EC"D%AC1FCC31;C 1 CDEDC1ADC1# AED(1ADC1 12CD1EAE1A1 D1FA1DAC 1DD121A1DCA1FBAD1 / C11A1AD1E 1CD12EA C319D1/1CEAC(12A1"%AC1EC C(1AD11Q11 FB"EC1FC1 BE1D1%ABAD1F#A2C121E",C1!1E1ADC1.AC(1ADC1EC"D%AC12#C(1 AD1CDC12EA 1CE31C1 C1CE1# CCDE1CDECA2#1FB:E1A1FC1EEC1EAC 31J 1 CC 1 FC 1 CA 1 ADC 1 &DDC 1 2EC 1 FC 1 B"EC 1 FC 1 E 1  1 DBC4 AE 1 2 1 BE1 DEC2D3 1 3A 1 F#&AE 1 FA 1 C 1 DA 1 EAD 1 ADC 1 C42 ED 1 FC 1  1 1F#"C11 CDEC2C31;C1DE1FD1FC1DAC 1CQ12 CE1%A1CEECDE1CD1#FCDC1 C12 , C1 CDEC 1 D /C 1 FB.AC 1 CE 1 2E%AC 1 2 E%AC3 1 C 1 AE 1 EC4EC 1 DE 1  # 1 EAE 1 &CD1 AD(11CD1DBC2:"C1FC12 #EC121FBAEC1A22E31KDD1 1CE1DE#CDE1FC1 1%AC1C1DAC 1EA"CDE151EAEC1 C1C1FBE1CE1DC1CECDE121 #C1A1 1 2CDEAC1A1 C1 AC313D1 C1AECA1CDE151DE#C1 B"ECEAC(1 12"E1A1CDC1 1F#3

;CEEC 1  CED 1 C2#CDEC 1 &CD 1  1 OD 1 FDE 1 D 1 CDCDC 1 C 1 E 1 AC 1 A+AFB"A319D1FDDC1FC122E1E"#%AC12A112 #EC11 12E%AC1CE1CD"1 1 A EAC1FC1 B# ,C31?1C122E1DE1# CCDE1AD1EAE1AEC1&+CE12A%AB 1ACDE1 12CD#C1FC1 B# ,C1C1FBAEC1"21FC1# C4D318D1C1DAC 1 1#2ED1CDEC1

8 I-J>>971?3(13E1AC 1CE12EE(1/ C18(41\1$(1V;KCK7(1;C8)1)EA;"CDEC3 111111K1I3G3(13E1AC 1CE12/C(1/ C18(14(1$1CE1 ,C(1V;KCK7(1;78);C8)3

12E%AC1CE1 1E"#C1CE1DCEEC(1DECDE1A1DCA1FC1 BCDCCDE1FD1 12C(11 BCE1 BCDCDDE(1 %AB 12#2C1CE1# C11#%ACDC(1%A1EC1CEEC1DECED1CDEC1 BD /C1FBADC1.AC1CE1 12FAED1FC1# ,C3

2.3 l'élève au cœur du système,guidé par l'enseignant J 1 /1 1 FD1&CD 1 FC1 DECED 1%A1 C1 #CDE1 CDEC1 BD /C 1FBADC1.AC1 CE1 1 2E%AC31;C1DECED1B2,CDE11CE1CA CCDE11 BD /C1FC1 5.AC12CCE151 B# ,C1 FC1C1AD1CEA1A112E%AC1CE1FBCDEC1ADC1# C4D1A11D,C1FBCDCDC319D 1 2 C 1 FBDECED 1  1 2 ACA 1 # #CDE 1 C 1 &DCDE 1 2A 1  EC 1 DEDAC CCDE1 B# ,C1FD11EZ"C319D12 C1FBDECED11 BCDDE1CE1ECA151 1121 C1CEC1CE1 1 2CD#C3 1 J 1  1 &CD 1 FC 1 2E%AC 1 2A 1 2CDFC( 1 CE 1 FBD /C( 1 FC 1 C 1 ADC 1 CEA1 E"#%AC12A1C1# AC1D1%ACEDDCCDE31J 1/11DECED12C1%AC1 1 EC1CDEC1 12E%AC1CE1 1E"#C1DBCE121 CCDE1F#DC31J 1/11DECED12C1%ABD1DC12CAE 1 21#C CCDE1EAC1 BAD12122E151 BAEC12A%AC1BCE1AD1CDC12C2#EAC 31J 1/11 DECED12C1%AC1 C12DE1FB#%A &C1CDEC1 C1FCA41CE1D& C(12CAE:EC1DC4EDE31 ?1 1/11DECED12C1%AB 1/11F#CDC1CDEC1FC1FCA4122CDEC1CE1BCE1A1 2C1%AB 1/11ADC12CC1DA C12A1C1DEC12E%AC1CE1E"#C31

BCDCDDE 1 CE 1 A 1 .A 1 FC 1 C 1 /E,C 1 2A%AC 1 BCE 1 A 1 %A 1  1 #A C 1 C1 DECED1CDEC1 C122CDEC1CE12CCEE151 B# ,C1FC1C12C1 C1&DDC1%ACED31 ;C1DBCE1FD121AD12 C1+CA1FC1CECDE1CDEC1 12E%AC1CE1 1E"#C11BCE1ADC1 ED1CD#C121 BCDCDDE1CDC1 B# ,C12A1 C1C1#1A112E%AC1CE1A1D1 CD1FC1 BCE"#E%AC(1D1CF(1D CCDE1A112CC2ED1FA1DFC31

Conclusion

BEA ED 1 2E%AC 1 CE1 D /C 1 F5.AC1 2AC 1 BCDDE1 5 1 #  1 1 2CC2ED1 %AB 12CAE11FBADC1C(1FBAD1E& CA1CE121D#%ACDE1AC1D1CF1A1 C1DFC31 C 1 DECED 1 DE 1 &CD 1 2#CDEC 1 2A%ABC C 1 +AECDE 1 C 1 CD 1 & EC 1 CDEC1 BED 1 FC 1 B# ,C 1 A 1  1 2FAED 1 CE 1 AD 1  1 FDD# 1 2 1 BCDCDDE3 1 K C 1 DE 1 1 F/D%AC1%A12CCE151 B# ,C1FB:EC1CD1DEDEC1 EED1CE1FD1FB:EC1#C2E151FC1 DACA41CDCDCCDE1CE1FC1DACA41%ACEDDCCDE1A112E%AC317A12AD1 :C1FC1%ABC C1DE1EA+A1#E#12#CDEC11 C1FCA4122CDEC1DE1# A#1CD1 2 , C1CE1CD1# ED1 BAD1C1 BAEC31

C 1 &AE 1 FC 1 C 1 DECED 1 BCE 1 C 1 F#C 22CCDE 1 FC 1 B# ,C( 1 B# AED 1 FC 1 D1 CF 1 A 1 C1 DFC1 CE1 A1 A:C 1  1  1 CE1 2A#1 51 BDCE 1 FBDEC1 FD 1 ADC1 2E%AC 1 EE%AC3 1 ?3;3 1 1%A,80_{1 @4228A 1 A DC1 %AC1!1 12CC 1 DBCE1 2 1  1 DEF1}

%AC1DA1DEC2 D1ADC1.AC1FBE(1DA1/1/D1&CAA212 A1%AC1C1%AC1DA1 2CCD131;C1DECED1DE1 51A12A1FC1 B# ,C1511AEC1"C(1AFC 51FC1 12 C1C31J 12CAE1 1F#E"C1FA1#C 1CE1C1 B222C31;C1DECED1DC1DE1FD1 21AD1&AE1CD111AD12 C1%A112CCEEC1 B#2DACCDE1FC1 B# ,C31K C1DE1 A1 12CAC1FC1 1D#CE#1FBAD1EC 1CDCDCCDE12A12DC1 B# ,C1FD1D1 F#C 22CCDE12CDDC 3

C1E1AC 1DECDDCDE1FD1FC1DECED1EC(1FC1 CD1%A1C1##D,CDE1 2C2#EAC CCDE 1 2A 1 CDC 1 B# ,C 1 5 1  1 ADC 1 F#"C 1 FC 1 %ACEDDCCDE 1 CE 1 1 EA+A1AD1DACA1CF1A1C1%AB 11E31;C1DECED1DE1 1 C1FC1<EC1FC1 BCDCDCCDE1FC1E1AC 11CD12 A1FA11CE1FA1C(1C C1+AECDE1 C1 CEA1A112FAED(1 1# C4D31

80 139-KV1?3;3(14228(13E(1"EC1CE1CDCDCCDE(1CD+CA41FA1/E,C1#FAE(1H"CEEC1#FAED3

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Textes officielles:

3:E#1C 1FA161+DC180201DCDDE1 C1DACA412C1FC1 5B C3

2344567819AA7B754C18'1#C14224(1?DE,C1FC1 5BFAED1DED C1CE1FC1 1CC"C"C3 2344567819AA7B754C1421#C1422(1?DE,C1FC1 5BFAED1DED C1CE1FC1 1CC"C"C3

1CD& E#(1 BDED(1 1#EDC1<EB3F586147B67E8151E!FF5(14224(1 ?DE,C1FC1 1PCADCC(1FC1 5BFAED1DED C1CE1FC1 1CC"C"C3

DEB451BEFF38151BE8878B5156151BEF658B5(1F#CE1FA1881+A CE14226(1?DE,C1FC1

5BFAED1DED C3

Articles et revues:

I-J>>971?3(161 73541=1E676(1/ C18(41\1$(1V;KCK7(1;C8)1)EA;"CDEC 3I9->>K183(1B"EC1FC1E122CDFC1CD12E%ADE( 1BE4513E337(1+DC1 4288(1DL8*(18*87

K1I3G3(161 73541=11!5(1/ C18(14(1$1CE1 ,C(1V;KCK7(1;78);C8)

Ouvrages:

3C89-J7 1 J3( 1 8007( 13B67E8 1 676735 1 ) 1 4BE45( 1 KVM( 1 )E%AC 1 CE 1 CD+CA41 2#F%AC3

139-KV(1?;3(14228(16C176E7515615857!85F586C15853'13116-F513B67A(1H"CEEC1 #FAED3

8BK7MKC> 1 C3( 1 422$( 15857!85F586 1 3 1 578 1 58 1 >8B5( 1 MAC 1 "ADC 1 CE 1 FCD1 ##E%AC(11C D(1HEC1FC1 B#FAED

8-19-N1;3(14220(1C1FCD1C1 DC(12CC12 /EC"D%AC1CE1ADCEC I3J9>11333(1422(1614673514F586138517B67351B76735(1)(1)-M3 3I9->>K 1 83( 1 800'(1 0857!85 1 45 1 6 1 46735( 1 H"CEEC 1 KFAED( 1 )#FC1 )E%AC151 5B C

K>[ 1 M3 1 CE 1 P9G1 K3( 1 #C 1 4224( 1:85 1 5865 1 E6E!735( 1 ;C8)1 F#C 1 FC1 ;#EC (1CC2,C12A112CC1FC#3