Raffinement et de déraffinement de paramétrisation pour l'estimation de transmissivité hydraulique
Texte intégral
(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Raffinement et de d´eraffinement de param´etrisation pour l’estimation de transmissivit´e hydraulique Hend BEN AMEUR, Guy CHAVENT, J´erˆome JAFFRE. N ˚ 3623 1999 ` THEME 4. ISSN 0249-6399. apport de recherche.
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