• Aucun résultat trouvé

Faut-il avoir peur des valeurs?

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Faut-il avoir peur des valeurs?"

Copied!
17
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: hal-01999784

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01999784

Submitted on 30 Jan 2019

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Faut-il avoir peur des valeurs?

Dominique Vaugeois

To cite this version:

Dominique Vaugeois. Faut-il avoir peur des valeurs?. Revue des Sciences Humaines, Presses univer-sitaires du Septentrion, 2007. �hal-01999784�

(2)

5IHwƕ@ 5JCƕF D9IF 89G J5@9IFG q

CAƕBƕEI9 +5I;9CƕG

$I6@ƕȳ 85BG h %8GF8 78D &6ƕ8?68D F>4ƕ?8Dj Bˆ V\Wj z8ƕF  +5I;9CƕG{j ƖIƕ@@9Hw5CΆHwG9DH9A6F9 V^^Zj D UWwW^

u @ :5IH 56C@ƕF @9G J5@9IFG 85BG @9 ACA9BH AȼA9 EI9 BCIG @9G 8ȳ7CIJFCBGi +Cƕ@Ȇ Ȇ ACB G9BG @‹ƕADCFH5B79 z9H 5IGGƕ 6ƕ9B @‹ƕADCFH5B79 GC7ƕ5@9{ 89 @5 DCȳGƕ9 t

$CB;9j ȳE;@78D

5 GƕHI5HƕCB 85BG @5EI9@@9 G9 F9HFCIJ9 5IƖCIF8‹<Iƕ 79@Iƕ EIƕ Fȳ:@ȳ7<ƕH GIF @‹5FH 9GH D9I CI DFCI 79@@9 8‹IB9 ;F5B89 Aȳ:ƕ5B79 JƕGwȆwJƕG 89 @5 J5@9IF !ȳ:ƕ5B79 EIƕ G9F5ƕH 7CAA9 @‹9BJ9FG 89 @5 7F5ƕBH9 x 79@@9w@Ȇ AȼA9 EI‹ƕBGDƕF5 "ƕ9HNG7<9 x EIƕj 89J5BH @5 DIƕGG5B79 8‹5HCAƕG5HƕCB 89 BCHF9 7I@HIF9 F9@5HƕJƕGH9j 8CBB9 5IL J5@9IFG 7CAA9 F9DɚF9G 7C@@97Hƕ:G IB9 J9FHI HF5BEIƕ@@ƕG5BH9 5 AC89FBƕHȳ @ƕHHȳF5ƕF9j 8CBH D5FHƕ7ƕD9 @5 7ƕH5HƕCB 89 $CB;9 9B 9L9F;I9j G‹9GH 7CBGHFIƕH9 9B CDDCGƕHƕCB 5IL J5w @9IFG 7CAA9 79 EIƕ 9GH D5F 8ȳ:ƕBƕHƕCB 8ȳƖȆ DȳFƕAȳ k HCIH IB D5B 89 @‹5FH 7CBH9ADCw F5ƕB 9H 5J97 @Iƕ @5 D9BGȳ9 ƕBGHƕHIHƕCBB9@@9 89 @‹5FH G‹9GH 7CBGHFIƕH 7CBHF9 =4 J5@9IFj 7‹9GH DF9GEI9 IB9 65B5@ƕHȳ 9 EI9 @‹CB BCAA9 J5@9IFGj 89 :5¡CB D@IG ;ȳBȳF5@9j 9GH ȳ;5@9A9BH F9B8I F9GDCBG56@9 89 8ƕJ9FG9G A5BƕDI@5HƕCBGj @‹9L9AD@9 @9 D@IG Fȳ79BH ȳH5BH 5IL ȲH5HGw)BƕG @9G 89FBƕɚF9G ȳ@97HƕCBG DFȳGƕ89BHƕ9@@9Gj Ȇ DFCDCG 89GEI9@@9G 89 BCA6F9IL 7CAA9BH5H9IFG CBH 8ȳD@CFȳ EI9 DCIF IB BCA6F9 7CBGƕ8ȳF56@9 8‹ȳ@97w H9IFGj @5 EI9GHƕCB 89G J5@9IFG 5ƕH C6G7IF7ƕ @9 8ȳ65H DC@ƕHƕEI9

9 GCID¡CB G9A6@9 8‹5IH5BH D@IG ƖIGHƕ:ƕȳ EI‹ƕ@ ƕBH9FJƕ9BH Ȇ @‹ƕBHȳFƕ9IF 8I 8ȳ65H D<ƕ@CGCD<ƕEI9 89G JƕB;H 89FBƕɚF9G 5BBȳ9G 5IHCIF 89 @5 D@579 8I ƖF:8>8?E 78 G4=8FC 85BG @‹9LDȳFƕ9B79 89 @‹5FH 9H D5FHƕ7ƕD9 89 79 :5ƕH 8‹IB9 F9AƕG9 9B 75IG9 G5@IH5ƕF9 89 @5 BCHƕCB 8‹5FH 9H 8‹IB9 7CBHFCJ9FG9 :ȳ7CB89 GIF @9G 7CADCFH9A9BHG 9GH<ȳHƕEI9GU

U +CƕFj DCIF IB 5D9F¡I 89G 8ƕJ9FG9G DCGƕHƕCBGj @9 7C@@97Hƕ: @?G8C:8?68D 8E 7ƕG8C:8?68D 8DE;ȳv

EƕBF8D 7CCF8CBBȳ D5F 5Bƕ9@@9 C<9Bw ȳJƕB5Gj ‹5FA5HH5Bj V^^U

(3)

'ƕ HCIH @9 ACB89j 9B 79 8CA5ƕB9j G‹577CF89 89DIƕG @CB;H9ADG 8ȳƖȆ GIF @5 8ƕGD5FƕHƕCB 8‹IB D@5B HF5BG79B85BH 8‹9LƕGH9B79 89G J5@9IFG z@5 EI9GHƕCB B‹9GH D@IG 5IƖCIF8‹<Iƕ 79@@9 89 @‹CDDCGƕHƕCB 9BHF9 F9@5HƕJƕGH9G 9H ƕ8ȳ5@ƕGH9G{j @5 D@ID5FH 89G H<ȳCFƕ9G 89G 89Fw BƕɚF9G 8ȳ79BBƕ9G 8I --9 Gƕɚ7@9j 9B F5B79j 5IGGƕ 6ƕ9B 8I DCƕBH 89 JI9 D<ƕ@CGCw D<ƕEI9 EI9 GC7ƕC@C;ƕEI9Vj CBH 9BHȳFƕBȳ @5 F9AƕG9 9B 75IG9 89G J5@9IFG 9GH<ȳHƕEI9G HF5BG79B85BH9j 7‹9GH D9IHwȼHF9 9B F5ƕGCB 89 GCB GH5HIH DFC6@ȳA5HƕEI9 EI9 @5 J5@9IF 89Jƕ9BH F98CIH56@9

‹5HHƕHI89 :579 5IL J5@9IFG B9 G5IF5ƕH G‹ƕBH9FDFȳH9F GƕAD@9A9BH 9B H9FA9G 89 F9Ɩ9H 8‹IB9 BCHƕCB 8ȳD5GGȳ9j CIj Ȇ @‹ƕBJ9FG9j 89 BCGH5@;ƕ9 Fȳ57HƕCBB5ƕF9 zu ƕ@ B‹M 5 D@IG 89 J5@9IFG t{ 5F AȼA9 Ȇ @‹ƕBHȳFƕ9IF 89 @5 u 7FƕHƕEI9 89G J5@9IFG tj 89G JCƕL G‹ȳ@ɚJ9BH DCIF 8ȳBCB79Fj 85BG @9G 8ƕG7CIFG 89 G5JCƕF 79BGȳG A5ƕBH9BƕF IB9 B9IHF5@ƕHȳ 5LƕC@C;ƕEI9j @5 DFȳG9B79 7@5B89GHƕB9 8‹IB GMGHɚA9 89 J5@9IFGWj 8ȳACBHF5BH 5ƕBGƕ GƕAI@H5BȳA9BH @9IF ƕBȳ@I7H56ƕ@ƕHȳ 9H @5 A9B579 EI‹9@@9G F9DFȳG9BH9BH

@ B9 G‹5;ƕH 8CB7 D5G ƕ7ƕ 89 DF9B8F9 DCGƕHƕCB 85BG @5 DC@ȳAƕEI9 GIF @5 6CBB9 CI A5IJ5ƕG9 G5BHȳ 89 @‹5FHj GIF @9 AȳFƕH9 89G PIJF9G 7CBH9ADCF5ƕB9G 9H @5 8ƕGD5w FƕHƕCB 89 @5 7FƕHƕEI9 8ƕ;B9 89 79 BCAj D5G D@IG EI9 89 DFCDCG9F @‹5IHCDGƕ9 ACF5@9 9H ƕBH9@@97HI9@@9 8‹IB Aƕ7FC7CGA9 GC7ƕC7I@HIF9@X 9 EIƕ BCIG ƕBHȳF9GG9 9GH D@IH́H @‹9L5A9B 8I 7@ƕA5H ȳH<ƕEI9 9H DGM7<C@C;ƕEI9 EIƕj 85BG @5 D9BGȳ9 Fȳ79BH9 GIF @‹5FHj A9H 5I 65B7 89G 577IGȳG @9G 8ƕG7CIFG 5LƕC@C;ƕEI9G

ƕD6@FCD ȳG4=F4Eƕ9D 8E p %8=ƕ:ƕ@? 78 =ˆ4CE o

B U]X\j '5FHF9j 85BG IB DCFHF5ƕH G5HƕFƕEI9 8I 7FƕHƕEI9 9B u ;5F8ƕ9B 89 7ƕA9w HƕɚF9 tj 5GGC7ƕ9 @‹57HƕJƕHȳ 8‹ȳJ5@I5HƕCB Ȇ @5 D9FH9 89 7CBH57H 5J97 @5 7<5ƕF JƕJ9 89G PIJF9G h

‹9GH HCIH IB ACB89 8ȳGƕB75FBȳ EIƕ @‹9BHCIF9j CΛ @9G 5::97HƕCBG <Iw A5ƕB9Gj D5F79 EI‹9@@9G B9 HCI7<9BH D@IGj GCBH D5GGȳ9G 5I F5B; 8‹5::97w HƕCBG 9L9AD@5ƕF9G 9Hj DCIF HCIH 8ƕF9j 89 G4=8FCD |i} ‹9GH IB9 :ȼH9 DCIF @Iƕ EI5B8 @9G 5IH9IFG 7CBH9ADCF5ƕBG @Iƕ :CBH @5 ;FǨ79 89 ACIFƕF h @9IFG @ƕJF9Gj HFCD 7FIGj HFCD JƕJ5BHGj HFCD DF9B5BHG D5GG9BH 89 @‹5IHF9 6CF8j ƕ@G HCI7<9BH 89 ACƕBG 9B ACƕBG 9H 89Jƕ9BB9BH 89 D@IG 9B D@IG 695IL k

V +CƕF @9G HF5J5IL A5ƕBH9B5BH 7ȳ@ɚ6F9G 89 "5H<5@ƕ9 9ƕBƕ7< GIF @9 :CB7HƕCBB9A9BH 9H @5 :CFA5w HƕCB 89G J5@9IFG

W +CƕFj D5F 9L9AD@9j 5F65F5 9FFBGH9ƕB 'AƕH<j @?Eƕ?:8?6ƕ8D @9 G4=F8 =E8CC?4EƕG8 #8CDA86v

EƕG8D 9@C CƕEƕ64= ';8@CJ 5FJ5F8 )BƕJ9FGƕHM $F9GGj U]\\ 9H BCHF9 5FHƕ7@9 u 5 +5@9IF 85BG @9G

@9HHF9G tj @78C?ƕEȳDj V^^Z

X ‹9GH 5J97 IB HƕHF9 JCƕGƕB 8I B́HF9 EI9 95Bw$<ƕ@ƕDD9 CA97E z$Fƕ 4 A8FC 78 =4 =ƕEEȳC4EFC8 pj !ƕ@@9 9H IB9 BIƕHGj V^^V{ 5HH5EI5ƕH B5;IɚF9j 9B H5BH EI‹57H9IFj @9 D9HƕH ACB89 89 @5 7FƕHƕEI9 @ƕHHȳF5ƕF9 :F5B¡5ƕG9

(4)

5DFɚG IB 7CIFH GȳƖCIF 5I DIF;5HCƕF9j ƕ@G JCBH D9ID@9F @9 7ƕ9@ ƕBH9@@ƕ;ƕ6@9 89 BCIJ9@@9G J5@9IFGY

%I‹CB B9 G‹M AȳDF9BB9 h '5FHF9 B9 G9 :5ƕH D5G ƕ7ƕ @9 7<5ADƕCB 8‹IB9 DFƕG9 89 DCGƕHƕCB AC89FBƕGH9 DCIF @5 @ƕHHȳF5HIF9 7CBH9ADCF5ƕB9 9H 7CBHF9 @9G 5IH9IFG 5B7ƕ9BGj A5ƕG ƕ@ 8ȳ:ƕBƕH @‹CDDCGƕHƕCB 7FƕHƕEI9 9BHF9 IB9 F9@5HƕCB JƕJ5BH9 5IL @ƕJF9G 9H IB9 F9@5HƕCB G5B7Hƕ:ƕ75HFƕ79 EIƕ F9@ɚJ9 Ȇ @5 :CƕG 8‹IB9 D9BGȳ9 5F7<ȳHMD5@9 9H 8‹IB F9:IG 8I ACB89 #F @9 F5DDCFH ACFHƕ:ɚF9 8I 7FƕHƕEI9 5IL PIJF9Gj 79HH9 u 7IƕGƕB9 :IBɚ6F9 t zW]{j 9GH ȳHFCƕH9A9BH @ƕȳ Ȇ IB9 5HHƕHI89 89 ƖI;9A9BH 9GH<ȳHƕEI9j CΛ 79 EIƕ 9GH ȳJ5@Iȳ 7CAA9 695Ij CI 79 EIƕ AȳFƕH9 @9 BCA 89 ƕHHȳF5HIF9j G9 JCƕH HCIH 5IGGƕH́Hj 89 79 :5ƕHj DFƕJȳ 89 G5 DIƕGG5B79 8‹57HI5@ƕHȳj B9IHF5@ƕGȳ 9B H5BH EI9 :CF79 8‹57HƕCB 85BG @9 Fȳ9@ u 9@5 9GH 89 @5 ƕHHȳF5HIF9 tj 89 u @5 nJF5ƕ9Пm 89 @5 nDIF9m @ƕHHȳF5HIF9 t zW\{ G9 8ƕGGCIH ƕBȳJƕH56@9A9BH 9B u HCIH 79@5 B‹9GH EI9 @ƕHHȳF5HIF9 t zX^{ ȻHF9 85BG @9 8ƕG7CIFG 89 J5@9IFZj 7‹9GH B9 D@IG ȼHF9 85BG @5 J5@9B79j 85BG @‹ȳB9F;ƕ9 89 79 EIƕ 5HHƕF9 CI F9DCIGG9j 6FΆ@9 9H 5;ƕH

%I5F5BH9 5BG D@IG H5F8j 9H 85BG IB9 D9FGD97HƕJ9 F58ƕ75@9A9BH 8ƕ::ȳF9BH9j 95Bw !5Fƕ9 '7<59::9Fj EIƕHH5BH DCIF IB ACA9BH @‹ƕAD5FHƕ5@ƕHȳ 8I 8ƕG7CIFG D<ƕ@CGCD<ƕEI9 DCIF A5Bƕ:9GH9F IB 9B;5;9A9BH D@IG Aƕ@ƕH5BHj 9ADFIBH9 Ȇ $FCIGH IB9 5IHF9 :ƕ;IF9w F9DCIGGCƕFj 79@@9 89G u ȳ@ƕ65H5ƕF9G 89 @‹5FH t u 5 EI9GHƕCB B9 G9F5ƕH D5G 79@@9 8‹IB9 CDDCGƕHƕCB 9BHF9 5ACIF 89 @‹5FH 9H 7CB8IƕH9 9GH<ȳHƕEI9j ȳ7FƕH '7<59::9Fj A5ƕG 9BHF9 89IL :CFA9G 8‹5ACIF 89 @‹5FH[t j 8CBH ƕ@ 9GH 7@5ƕF EI9 @‹IB9 89G 89ILj G9I@9j 9GH @5 JȳFƕH56@9 5 6CBB9 ƕBH9F57HƕCB 5J97 @‹5FHj 79@@9 EIƕ D9FA9H 8‹ȳA@FD8C @9G PIJF9Gj 9GH 79@@9 EIƕ CI6@ƕ9 @‹5FHƕGHƕEI9 zBCH5AA9BH @9 7CB79DH J5@CFƕG5BH 8‹PIJF9 8‹5FH{ 9H @9G J5@9IFG EIƕ 5BƕA9BH @9G 8ƕG7CIFG DI6@ƕ7Gj DCIF G9 7CB79BHF9F GIF @‹5Dw DFC:CB8ƕGG9A9BH 89 u @5 ƖCIƕGG5B79 DFƕJȳ9 t z8D ȳ=ƕ54E4ƕC8D 78 =Š4CEj WYW{ EIƕ B9 DCG9 5I7IB9 8ƕGHƕB7HƕCB <ƕȳF5F7<ƕEI9 9BHF9 695IHȳ B5HIF9@@9 9H 695IHȳ 5FHƕ:ƕ7ƕ9@@9 '9 GCI7ƕ9F 89 @5 J5@9IF 8‹IB9 PIJF9 9H 8ȳ65HHF9 89 @5 J5@ƕ8ƕHȳ 89 GCB 5DDFȳ7ƕ5HƕCBj 7‹9GH AC6ƕ@ƕG9F 89G :57H9IFG D5F:5ƕH9A9BH ȳHF5B;9FG Ȇ =Šƕ?Eƕ>ƕEȳ 78 =4 C8?6@?EC8\ 9GH<ȳw HƕEI9 9BHF9 IB GIƖ9H 9H IB C6Ɩ9Hj 9H FƕGEI9F 89 G9 F9HFCIJ9F 85BG @5 D95Ij D9I 8ȳGƕF56@9j 8‹IB 89 79G 7ȳ@ƕ65H5ƕF9G 89 @‹5FH

$<ƕ@CGCD<ƕ9 89 @‹9B;5;9A9BH 9H H<ȳCFƕ9 GI6Ɩ97HƕJƕGH9 89 @5 8ȳ@97H5HƕCB G9 F9Bw 7CBHF9BH 85BG IB AȼA9 F9Ɩ9H 8‹IB9 u F9@ƕ;ƕCB 89 @‹5FH tj 5I G9BG HFƕJƕ5@j 7<9N '5FHF9j

Y '5FHF9j $FŠ8DEv68 BF8 =4 =ƕEEȳC4EFC8 p zU]X\{j 5@@ƕA5F8o u C@ƕC 9GG5ƕG tj U]]Wj D WX Z 4 J5@9IF CI @9 AȳFƕH9 8‹IB9 PIJF9 9H =8D J5@9IFG EI‹CB @Iƕ 5HHFƕ6I9 D5F @9 6ƕ5ƕG 89 DFȳ8ƕ75HG 9H EIƕ :CBH D4 J5@9IF B9 AȳFƕH9BH D5G ƕ7ƕ 8‹ȼHF9 8ƕGHƕB;Iȳ9G

[ w! '7<59::9Fj 8D ȳ=ƕ54E4ƕC8D 78 =Š4CE #@FC F?8 8DE;ȳEƕBF8 D4?D >JE;8Dj 5@@ƕA5F8j U]]Zj D WYX

\ 9 B‹9GH D5G IB <5G5F8 Gƕ $FCIGH 9GHj 5J97 'H9B8<5@j @5 Fȳ:ȳF9B79 Fȳ7IFF9BH9 89 '7<59::9F 7CAA9 89 9B9HH9j @9G 89IL ȳ7FƕJ5ƕBG 89Jƕ9BB9BH @9G ;5F5BHG 8‹IB9 H<ȳCFƕ9 89 @‹5FH :CB8ȳ9 85BG @9 GI6Ɩ97HƕJƕGA9 9B9HH9 F9DF9B8 8‹5ƕ@@9IFG IB9 J5Fƕ5BH9 8I D5F58ƕ;A9 5ACIF9IL CI A5HFƕACBƕ5@j 9B D@5¡5BH @5 F9@5HƕCB 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 GCIG @‹ȳ;ƕ89 8I u D5F79 EI9 7‹9GH @Iƕj D5F79 EI9 7‹9GH ACƕ t 89 !CBH5ƕ;B9j IB 5IHF9 89G ;F5B8G ȳ;CHƕGH9G z 4 %8=4Eƕ@? 8DE;ȳEƕBF8i '9Iƕ@j U]][j D \\{

(5)

89 FƕHI9@ 8ȳJCH 9Hj 7<9N '7<59::9Fj EIƕ F9J9B8ƕEI9 @9 H9FA9j 5I G9BG <ƕGHCFƕEI9 DFȳw 7ƕG 8‹ƕ8ȳC@C;ƕ9 8C7HFƕB5@9 #Fj 85BG IB C77ƕ89BH A5FEIȳ D5F @9G ƕBH9FDFȳH5HƕCBG 89 @5 D<ƕ@CGCD<ƕ9 ?5BHƕ9BB9j @5 u F9@ƕ;ƕCB 89 @‹5FH tj 8CBH @5 A5Bƕ:9GH5HƕCB @5 D@IG B9HH9 9GH @5 7FCM5B79 9B IB9 u JȳFƕHȳ 9LH5HƕEI9 5779GGƕ6@9 IBƕEI9A9BH Ȇ @‹5FH t] 9BHF9Hƕ9BH 5J97 @9G DF5HƕEI9G ȳJ5@I5HƕJ9G 89G F5DDCFHG ȳHFCƕHGU^ ‹9GH @5 F5ƕGCB DCIF @5EI9@@9j 9B F5B79j 89IL @ƕJF9G 5IGGƕ A5;ƕGHF5IL 9H ƕB:@I9BHG EI9 @9G ȳ=ƕ54E4ƕC8D

78 =Š4CE 9H 4 %8=4Eƕ@? 8DE;ȳEƕBF8 89 ȳF5F8 9B9HH9j D5FIG Ȇ IB 5B 8‹ƕBH9FJ5@@9 ƕ@ M

5 8ƕL 5BGj CBH D@57ȳ @5 F9@5HƕJƕG5HƕCB 8I F́@9 HF58ƕHƕCBB9@@9A9BH 79BHF5@ 8I ƖI;9A9BH 89 J5@9IF 5I 7C9IF 8‹IB ACIJ9A9BH 89 u @ƕ6ȳF5HƕCB t 89 @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 x FȳGƕBGȳw Fȳ9 Ȇ 85BG IB9 5BH<FCDC@C;ƕ9 89G 7CB8IƕH9G 9H 89G 5HHƕHI89G 9GH<ȳHƕEI9G (CIG @9G 9::CFHG 89 '7<59::9F

B9HH9 UU9B 8ƕGHƕB;I5BH

B9HH9A9BH 89IL 5HHƕHI89G h @‹5DDFȳ7ƕ5HƕCB 9H @‹ȳJ5@I5HƕCBj @5 G97CB89 ȳH5BH 7<FCw BC@C;ƕEI9A9BH DCGHȳFƕ9IF9 Ȇ @5 DF9AƕɚF9 9H 8CB7 @C;ƕEI9A9BH GIDD@ȳA9BH5ƕF9 CI 7CBHƕB;9BH9UV

'ƕ 79HH9 8ƕGEI5@ƕ:ƕ75HƕCB 8CƕH 8‹56CF8 ȼHF9 7CBGƕ8ȳFȳ9 7CAA9 AȳH<C8C@C;ƕEI9 9H 8ƕG7ƕD@ƕB5ƕF9 9H @5 D<ƕ@CGCD<ƕ9 B‹5 D5G Ȇ G‹C77ID9F 89 @5 EI9GHƕCB 8I AȳFƕH9 8‹IB9 PIJF9 8‹5FH

UWEIƕj A5@;Fȳ

HCIH9G @9G DFȳ75IHƕCBG 89G 89IL 5IH9IFGj 9B ȳH9B8 GƕB;I@ƕɚF9A9BH @5 DCFHȳ9 5 F9w 8ȳ:ƕBƕHƕCB 89 @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 9GH 9LD@ƕ7ƕH9A9BH DFȳG9BHȳ9 7CAA9 IB9 8ȳAMGHƕ:ƕ75HƕCB G‹ƕBG7FƕJ5BH Ȇ @‹ƕBHȳFƕ9IF 8‹IB 7CA65Hj 5IL 5779BHG 8ȳG9GDȳFȳGj 7CBHF9 @5 u F9Gw H5IF5HƕCB t 89G 5B7ƕ9BB9G H<ȳCFƕ9G 89 @‹5FHUX 5F Gƕ @5 u F9AƕG9 8‹5D@CA6 t 89 @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 G9 :5ƕH D5F IB 8CI6@9 ACIJ9A9BH 89 Fȳ8I7HƕCB zF5A9B5BH @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 Ȇ GCB BCM5I 9GH<ȳGƕEI9 9H ƕB8ƕJƕ8I9@{ 9H 8‹9LD5BGƕCB z@‹ȳ@5F;ƕGG5BH Ȇ @‹9BG9A6@9

] w! '7<59::9Fj 7ƕ8F Ȇ =Š8DE;ȳEƕBF8j $)j V^^^j D W

U^ u <5EI9 :CƕG EI‹IB9 Fȳ:@9LƕCB 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 9GH H5F5I8ȳ9 D5F @9 DFC6@ɚA9 89 n@‹C6Ɩ97HƕJƕHȳm CI 89 @5 nJ5@ƕ8ƕHȳm 8I ƖI;9A9BH 9GH<ȳHƕEI9j 7<5EI9 :CƕG EI‹IB9 D<ƕ@CGCD<ƕ9 89 @‹5FH G‹5HH57<9 Ȇ 58CGG9F @‹CBHC@C;ƕ9 89 @‹C9IJF9 Ȇ 89G 7FƕHɚF9G 89 J5@9IF |}j CB D9IH ȼHF9 F5ƕGCBB56@9A9BH GΆF EI9 @‹5IH9IF 9GH 5HH57<ȳ Ȇ @5 8C7HFƕB9 9B EI9GHƕCB tj 78>

UU I 7CBHF5ƕF9j &5ƕB9F &C7<@ƕHN 8ȳ:9B8 IB9 8ȳ:ƕBƕHƕCB 89 @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 G9@CB @5EI9@@9 @‹ȳJ5@I5w HƕCB 9GH 7CBGHƕHIHƕJ9 89 @‹9LDȳFƕ9B79 8D ȳ=ƕ54E4ƕC8D 78 =Š4CE 5HH5EI9 HFɚG Jƕ;CIF9IG9A9BH @9G H<ɚG9G 89 &F5G8CDƕ@? 8E &F5G8?Eƕ@? z& &C7<@ƕHNj 5@@ƕA5F8j U]]X{ 9H 9B F9HCIF ŠCE 4F 54?6 7Š8DD4ƕ z& &C7<@ƕHNj 5@@ƕA5F8j U]]\{ G‹9B DF9B8 5IL 5F;IA9BHG 89 4 %8=4Eƕ@? 8DE;ȳEƕBF8

UV u ‹57H9 ȳJ5@I5Hƕ: 9GH IB9 G5B7HƕCB FȳHFCGD97HƕJ9 EIƕ ƕBH9FJƕ9BH @CFGEI9 @9 DFC79GGIG 89 @‹5Hw H9BHƕCB 5DDFȳ7ƕ5HƕJ9 9GH 5FFƕJȳ Ȇ 7CB7@IGƕCB CI ƕBH9FFCADI t z7ƕ8F Ȇ =Š8DE;ȳEƕBF8j @A 6ƕEj D YV{ UW !ȼA9 G‹ƕ@ G‹5;ƕH DFȳ7ƕGȳA9BH DCIF '7<59::9F 89 8ȳD5GGƕCBB9F @9 H9FF5ƕB 89 @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 9B 8ƕGGC7ƕ5BH @9G EI9GHƕCBG EIƕ @Iƕ GCBH 5::ȳF9BH9G 89 @5 7FƕG9 89 @ȳ;ƕHƕAƕHȳ 89 @‹5FH 7CBH9ADCF5ƕB

UX ‹9GH 79 EI‹5 6ƕ9B 7CADFƕG 57EI9G &5B7ƕɚF9 h u #B 577IG9 @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 8‹ȼHF9 7CID56@9 8I nB‹ƕADCFH9 EICƕm 89 @‹5FHj CB |7‹9GHwȆw8ƕF9 '7<59::9F} @‹577IG9 89 @‹5JCƕF :CIFJCMȳ 85BG @9G DFCA9GG9 :5@@57ƕ9IG9G 89 @‹56GC@I D<ƕ@CGCD<ƕEI9 |i} !CB DFCDCG B‹9GH D5G 89 8ȳ:9B8F9 @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 A5ƕG 89 7CBHFƕ6I9F Ȇ ȳ7@5ƕF9F 79 EI9 79 ACH J9IH 8ƕF9 | i} t z 4=4ƕD8 74?D =Š8DE;ȳEƕBF8j 5@ƕ@ȳ9j V^^Xj D VY{

(6)

89G 7CB8IƕH9G 5DDFȳ7ƕ5HƕJ9G{ EIƕ 8CBB9 Ȇ @‹5FH 9H 5IL PIJF9G IB9 D@579 G97CB85ƕF9 7CAA9 DFCJƕB79 89 @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 7CB79FB9 9GG9BHƕ9@@9A9BH @9 8CA5ƕB9 5FHƕGHƕEI9 HFCIJ9 89JCƕF ȼHF9 5::F5B7<ƕ 89 79FH5ƕB9G 8ȳD9B85B79G :Ǩ7<9IG9G 8CBH @9G J5@9IFG D9IJ9BH ȼHF9 @9 GMADH́A9

9G DF5HƕEI9G ȳJ5@I5HƕJ9G 5DD5F5ƕGG9BHj DCIF @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9j 7CAA9 89 ;F5B89G GIGD97H9G 85BG @5 A9GIF9 CΛ 9@@9G GCBH HCIƖCIFG GIG79DHƕ6@9G 89 BCIG :5ƕF9 58CDH9F 89G AC89G 89 D9BGȳ9 IBƕJ9FG5@ƕGH9G 9H 9GG9BHƕ5@ƕGH9G ȳ:ƕBƕ9G 7CAA9 7CAAIB9G A9GIF9Gj 9@@9G GCBH 5I :CB89A9BH 89 79 EI9 '7<59::9F 5DD9@@9 u @‹IHCDƕ9 7CAAIw Bƕ75HƕCBB9@@9 t EIƕ G9@CB @Iƕ 7CIFCBB9 @5 7FƕHƕEI9 ?5BHƕ9BB9 h

9G :5ƕHG 9GH<ȳHƕEI9G B9 D9IJ9BH G‹9LD@ƕEI9F |i} 7CAA9 @ƕ9I 89 A5w Bƕ:9GH5HƕCB |i} 89 @‹ȳD5BCIƕGG9A9BH 8‹IB AC89 89 7CAAIBƕ75HƕCB 85BG @9EI9@ @5 GI6Ɩ97HƕJƕHȳ ƕB8ƕJƕ8I9@@9 9H @‹IBƕJ9FG5@ƕHȳ 89 @‹<IA5BƕHȳ FȳGCBB9F5ƕ9BH 9B <5FACBƕ9UY z7ƕ8F Ȇ =Š8DE;ȳEƕBF8j \{

!ȼA9 Gƕ @‹CB B9 D9BG9 D@IG EI9 @‹ƕB8ƕJƕ8I9@ DIƕGG9 ȼHF9 @9 F9:@9H 89 @‹IBƕJ9FG9@j AȼA9 Gƕ @9 7CBG9BGIG F9@5HƕJƕGH9 EIƕ Fɚ;B9 5IƖCIF8‹<Iƕ BCIG 9ADȼ7<9 89 7FCƕF9 Ȇ IB9 ƕ89BHƕHȳ 8I ;CΆH D5FAƕ @9G <CAA9Gj @9 7<5AD 8‹5DD@ƕ75HƕCB 89G J5@9IFG 8ȳw D5GG9 Bȳ79GG5ƕF9A9BH @9 D@5B GHFƕ7H9A9BH ƕB8ƕJƕ8I9@ 9H ƕAD@ƕEI9 @5 AƕG9 9B F9@5HƕCB 7CB¡I9 7CAA9 7CAD5F5ƕGCB 9H AƕG9 9B 7CAAIB #Fj Ȇ @5 8ƕ::ȳF9B79 8I @5B;5;9j 5IHF9 GMGHɚA9 GMA6C@ƕEI9 89 7CAAIBƕ75HƕCBj @9G J5@9IFGj 9B H5BH EI‹ƕBGHFIA9BHG 89 A9GIF9 9H BCB G9I@9A9BH 8‹9LDF9GGƕCBj H9B89BH B5HIF9@@9A9BH Ȇ ƖCI9F @9 F́@9 89 7FƕHɚF9G 9 D9IL HFCIJ9F 69@@9 H9@@9 :5¡589 89 D5@5ƕG D5F79 EI9 @5 GMAȳHFƕ9 7@5GGƕEI9 DFCJCEI9 9B ACƕ IB G9BHƕA9BH 89 D@5ƕGƕF !5ƕG @5 GMAȳHFƕ9 B‹ƕBH9FJƕ9BH D5G 7CAA9

G4=8FC "CIG 9BHFCBG 85BG @9 8CA5ƕB9 89G J5@9IFG Ȇ D5FHƕF 8I ACA9BH CΛ Ɩ9 ƖI;9

79HH9 :5¡589 69@@9 A4C68 BF‹9@@9 9GH GMAȳHFƕEI9 9H BCB D5F79 EI‹9@@9 A9 D@5ʜH 5BG 79 75Gj @9 ƖI;9A9BH 89 J5@9IF B9 DFC7ɚ89 D@IG 8‹IB D@5ƕGƕF A5ƕG 89 @5 7CB:CFAƕHȳ Ȇ IB9 BCFA9 zEI9@ EI9 GCƕH @9 D@5ƕGƕF EI‹CB DIƕGG9 HFCIJ9F Ȇ 79HH9 9LD9FHƕG9{ B 79 G9BGj 7CAA9 @9 8ƕH 9B9HH9j @5 G4=8FC 8DE;ȳEƕBF8 B9 G9F5ƕH Fƕ9B 8‹5IHF9 EI‹IB ACBGHF9 7CB79DHI9@j IB9 JƕC@5HƕCB 89 @5 :FCBHƕɚF9 EIƕ GȳD5F9 @‹ƕB8ƕJƕ8I9@j @9 D@5ƕGƕFj @9 u DCIF GCƕ tj 89 @‹IBƕJ9FG9@j 8I BCFA5Hƕ: 9H 8I u DCIF 5IHFIƕ tj 9B 6F9:j IB BCBw G9BG ‹5IHF9 D5FHj @9 F9@5HƕJƕGA9 EIƕ A5FEI9 5IƖCIF8‹<Iƕ @5 D9BGȳ9 89G J5@9IFG G9 75F57HȳFƕG9 D5F @5 8ȳ@ƕAƕH5HƕCB Aȳ:ƕ5BH9 89 @9IF 7<5AD 8‹5DD@ƕ75HƕCB D5F Fȳ57HƕCB 5I GD97HF9 IBƕJ9FG5@ƕGH9 EIƕ ;ʜH 85BG HCIH9 ;ȳBȳF5@ƕHȳ 9 F9@5HƕJƕGA9 9GH HCIƖCIFG @Iƕw AȼA9 F9@5Hƕ: h ƕ@ 9LƕGH9 HCIH9 IB9 ;5AA9 89 F9@5HƕJƕGA9Gj 8I D@IG AC8ȳFȳ ƖIGEI‹5I F9@5HƕJƕGA9 9LHFȼA9 EIƕ F5AɚB9 HCIH Ȇ @‹ƕB8ƕJƕ8I 9H 8ƕGGCIH 89 :5ƕH @‹ƕ8ȳ9 AȼA9 89 J5@9IF <5EI9 F9@5HƕJƕGA9 5 8CB7 Bȳ79GG5ƕF9A9BH HCIƖCIFG 9B JI9 IB9 J9FGƕCB A9w

UY $CIF IB9 :CFAI@5HƕCB 8ƕ::ȳF9BH9 89 79HH9 AȼA9 ƕ8ȳ9 h u @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 D<ƕ@CGCD<ƕEI9 J9IH BCIG :5ƕF9 7FCƕF9 EI9 @5 F9@5HƕCB 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 5IL PIJF9G BCIG HF5BGDCFH9 |} 85BG IB9 JƕGƕCB HF5BGD5F9BH9 9H IB9 7CADFȳ<9BGƕCB ƕBHIƕHƕJ9 EIƕ G9F5ƕ9BH A4C 8DD8?68 IBƕJ9FG9@@9A9BH D5FH5;956@9G tj 8D ȳ=ƕv

54E4ƕC8D 78 =Š4CEj @A 6ƕEj D UX

(7)

B5¡5BH9 89 @5 J5@9IF h @9 F9@5HƕJƕGA9 89G IBG

)B9 5IHF9 GCIF79 8‹ƕBEIƕȳHI89 Jƕ9BH 5@CFG G‹5ƖCIH9F 'ƕj 5IƖCIF8‹<Iƕj @‹IBƕJ9FG5w @ƕGA9 DCG9 IB DFC6@ɚA9 ƕ8ȳC@C;ƕEI9 EI9@ EI9 GCƕH GCB 7<5AD 8‹5DD@ƕ75HƕCBj DCIF @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 9B D5FHƕ7I@ƕ9F @‹ȳJ5@I5HƕCB 9GH @ƕȳ9 5I AƕF5;9 C6Ɩ97HƕJƕGH9 ‹9GH 9w B9HH9 EIƕ J5 8ȳJ9@CDD9F @9 D@IG 9LD@ƕ7ƕH9A9BH @5 8ƕA9BGƕCB 89 @9IFF9 5HH57<ȳ9 5IL 8ƕG7CIFG 89 J5@9IF 85BG @5 D9HƕH9 DGM7<C@C;ƕ9 89 @5 F9@5HƕCB 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 EI‹ƕ@ DFCw DCG9 9 ƖI;9A9BH 89 ;CΆH 9GH ƕBHȳ;Fȳ 85BG @5 8ȳ:ƕBƕHƕCB 89 @‹9LDȳFƕ9B79 9GH<ȳw HƕEI9 A5ƕG 8‹IB9 A5BƕɚF9 D5FHƕ7I@ƕɚF9j 7CAA9 u ƕ@@IGƕCB C6Ɩ97HƕJ5BH9 t 9B9HH9 DFȳG9BH9 @‹5DDFȳ7ƕ5HƕCB x Ɩ‹5ƕA9 CI Ɩ9 B‹5ƕA9 D5G 79 H56@95Iv79 D5MG5;9 7CBGHƕHIHƕJ9A9BH DFC8I7HFƕ79 8‹IB9 C6Ɩ97HƕJ5HƕCB ƕ@@IGCƕF9 h 79 H56@95Iv79 D5MG5;9 9GH 695Iv@5ƕ8j CΛ @9 695I 9H @9 @5ƕ8 GCBH 7CBGƕ8ȳFȳG 7CAA9 89G EI5@ƕHȳG 8I H56@95I CI 8I D5MG5;9 ƕB8ȳD9B85BH9G 89 @5 D9F79DHƕCB 8I GIƖ9H u CBGHƕHIHƕJ9A9BH t Gƕw ;Bƕ:ƕ9 EI‹Ȇ D5FHƕF 8I ACA9BH CΛ Ɩ9 ƖI;9 695I IB C6Ɩ9Hj Ȇ D5FHƕF 8I ACA9BH CΛ Ɩ9 GIƕG 85BG @5 DF5HƕEI9 ȳJ5@I5HƕJ9j ƕ@ 9GH ƕADCGGƕ6@9 x AȼA9 Gƕj GIF @9 D@5B H<ȳCFƕEI9j Ɩ9 6ȳBȳ:ƕ7ƕ9 8‹IB GIFD@CA6 7FƕHƕEI9 5ƕA56@9 t zU^Z{j EI‹ƕ@ A@DDɚ78 IB9 J5@9IF

5 F5ƕGCB 89 79HH9 AȳDFƕG9 Hƕ9BH G5BG 8CIH9 Ȇ @5 DFȳG9B79 ƕBH9BG9 89 @‹C6Ɩ9H 89 @5 F9@5HƕCB 9GH<ȳHƕEI9j EIƕ 9GH Ȇ 6ƕ9B 89G ȳ;5F8G IB9 F9@5HƕCB 89 :5G7ƕB5HƕCB CΛ @9 GIƖ9H H9B8 Ȇ G‹CI6@ƕ9F @IƕwAȼA9 9H 8CB7 Ȇ HCIH F5Dw DCFH9F Ȇ @‹C6Ɩ9Hj M 7CADFƕG G5 DFCDF9 57HƕJƕHȳ J5@CFƕG5BH9 z\]{

‹9LD@ƕ75HƕCB DGM7<C@C;ƕEI9 EIƕ 9GH 8CBBȳ9 B‹9GH D5G :5ƕH9 DCIF F5GGIF9Fj 85BG @5 A9GIF9 CΛj 7CAA9 @‹5B5@MG9 IB D9I ƕFCBƕEI9A9BH &C;9F $CIƕJ9Hj @9 ƖI;9A9BH 89 ;CΆH 9GH 5B5@MGȳ u 9B H9FA9G 8‹IB ȳH5H A9BH5@ ƕCC4Eƕ@??8= 85BG @9EI9@ Ɩ9 7CB7@IG

6@?EC8 >@? >8ƕ==8FC ƖF:8>8?EUZt 9G 8ȳACBGHF5HƕCBG 5ILEI9@@9G G9 @ƕJF9 9B9HH9 CBH @9 AȳFƕH9 8‹ȳ6F5B@9F @5 HF5BEIƕ@@ƕHȳ 89 BCG ƖI;9A9BHG 9G DFȳ8ƕ75HG 9GH<ȳHƕEI9G 5DD5F5ƕGG9BH 7CAA9 89G A5GEI9G HFCAD9IFG 9H @‹ȳJ5@I5HƕCB 7CAA9 IB9 DF5HƕEI9 G7<ƕNCD<FɚB9 ƕBEIƕȳH5BH9 9G 8ȳ65HG GIF @5 J5@9IF 89Jƕ9BB9BH 5@CFG 89G 9L9F7ƕ79G DȳFƕ@@9IL D5F B5HIF9 CΛ B9 G‹5J9BHIF9BH EI9 @9G ƕADFI89BHG CI @9G ƕ;BCF5BHG

ˆ8>AƕC8 78D G4=8FCD

5 GDȳ7ƕ:ƕ7ƕHȳ 89G J5@9IFG 9GH<ȳHƕEI9G G9F5ƕH 8CB7j 85BG @5 D9FGD97HƕJ9 GI6Ɩ97Hƕw JƕGH9 EIƕ G9A6@9 G‹ƕADCG9F 7CAA9 A5FEIȳ9 5I 7CƕB 8I 6CB G9BGj EI‹9@@9G GCBH @9G G9I@9G J5@9IFG Ȇ D8 94ƕC8 A4DD8C A@FC 9GG9BHƕ9@@9A9BH ƕBH9FGI6Ɩ97HƕJ9G 5@CFG EI‹9@@9G B9 @9 GCBH EI‹577ƕ89BH9@@9A9BH 5 EI9GHƕCB 89G J5@9IFG F9ƖCƕBH 5@CFG @5 EI9GHƕCB 89 79 EIƕ D9IH G9 HF5BGA9HHF9 Ȇ 5IHFIƕ 5 A5@ƕ;BƕHȳ 89G J5@9IFG 5DD5F5ʜH 85BG @9

UZ &C;9F $CIƕJ9Hj Š"?E@=@:ƕ8 78 =ŠMFGC8 7Š4CEj "ʜA9Gj 8ƕHƕCBG 57EI9@ƕB9 <5A6CBj U]]]j D UVZ

(8)

7CAA9F79 5J97 @‹5IHF9j 9B H5BH EI‹9@@9G GCBH @9G ƕBGHFIA9BHG 9H @9G DFC8IƕHG 8‹IB9

6@>>F?ƕ64Eƕ@?j 9H 79@5 89 89IL A5BƕɚF9G DF9GEI9 CDDCGȳ9G

'ƕ @‹CB GIƕH ƖIGEI‹5I 6CIH @‹5F;IA9BH 89 9B9HH9j @5 u J5@9IF 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 t 8ȳ:ƕw Bƕ9 7CAA9 u D@5ƕGƕF C6Ɩ97HƕJȳ t 9GH IB9 ACBB5ƕ9 89 8ID9 h 79 EIƕ 9GH J5@CFƕGȳ D5F @‹ƕBH9FAȳ8ƕ5ƕF9 89G ȳBCB7ȳG 89 J5@9IFj 79 B‹9GH D5G @‹C6Ɩ9H 89 @5 F9@5HƕCB 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 A5ƕG @9 GIƖ9H @IƕwAȼA9 ƕF9 u 7‹9GH 695I tj 7‹9GH 8CBB9F 5IHCFƕHȳ Ȇ GCB ƕADF9Gw GƕCB D9FGCBB9@@9 5 J5@9IF B‹9GH 8CB7 Fƕ9B 8‹5IHF9 EI‹IB ƕBGHFIA9BH 89 7C9F7ƕHƕCB $CIF 9B9HH9 7CAA9 DCIF '7<59::9Fj EI9 BCHF9 F9@5HƕCB 5IL PIJF9G ƕAD@ƕEI9 IB9 FȳDCBG9 5DDFȳ7ƕ5HƕJ9 9Hj D5F 9LH9BGƕCBj 89G ƖI;9A9BHG ȳJ5@I5Hƕ:G J5 89 GCƕ k 79 EIƕ DCG9 DFC6@ɚA9 9GH @5 7FCM5B79 EI9 @‹CB D9IH :CB89F 79HH9 ȳJ5@I5HƕCB 9B F5ƕGCB 9H 8ƕGw HƕB;I9F 89 :5¡CB ƖIGHƕ:ƕ56@9 9BHF9 6CBB9G 9H A5IJ5ƕG9G ȳJ5@I5HƕCBG 5 u 6CBB9 t ȳJ5@I5HƕCBj 79@@9 EIƕ 8ȳ7ƕ89 EI9 ƕEƕK8? 4?8 9GH A9ƕ@@9IF EI9 ƕ?: @?:i B9 BCIG 8ƕH Fƕ9B GIF @9G :ƕ@AG 9ILwAȼA9G A5ƕG GIF @9 ;CΆH 8‹IB ;FCID9 8CAƕB5BH zGC7ƕ5@9w A9BH 9H <ƕGHCFƕEI9A9BH{ z8D ȳ=ƕ54E4ƕC8Dj U]\{ ‹ƕGGI9 8‹IB 8ȳ65H GIF @5 J5@9IFG B9 :9F5ƕH 8CB7 D5G HFƕCAD<9F @9 8ƕG79FB9A9BH A5ƕG @5 @Cƕ 8I D@IG :CFH 9HH9 8ȳ:ƕw BƕHƕCB 89 @5 J5@9IF 5FHƕGHƕEI9 7CAA9 GMGHɚA9 89 8ƕG7FƕAƕB5HƕCB GC7ƕ5@9 9GH 79 EIƕ :CB89 9B GC7ƕC@C;ƕ9j CB @9 G5ƕHj @5 H<ȳCFƕ9 6CIF8ƕ9IGƕ9BB9 89 @5 8ƕGHƕB7HƕCB

!5ƕG ƕ@ 9GH IB9 5IHF9 :CFA9 89 8ID9Fƕ9 EIƕ G‹9L9F79 BCB D@IG 7CBHF9 @9G 5IHF9G A5ƕG 7CBHF9 GCƕwAȼA9 ‹9GH 79 EI9 G9A6@9 GCIH9BƕF '7<59::9F EIƕ @5ƕGG9 Ȇ $FCIGH @9 GCƕB 89 @9 :CFAI@9F h

!ȼA9 85BG @9G ƖCƕ9G 5FHƕGHƕEI9Gj EI‹CB F97<9F7<9 DCIFH5BH 9B JI9 89 @‹ƕADF9GGƕCB EI‹9@@9G 8CBB9BHj BCIG BCIG 5FF5B;9CBG @9 D@IG JƕH9 DCGw Gƕ6@9 Ȇ @5ƕGG9F 89 7́Hȳ 7CAA9 ƕB9LDFƕA56@9 79 EIƕ 9GH DFȳ7ƕGȳA9BH 79HH9 ƕADF9GGƕCB AȼA9j 9H Ȇ BCIG 5HH57<9F Ȇ 79 EIƕ D9FA9H 8‹9B ȳDFCIJ9F @9 D@5ƕGƕF G5BG @9 7CBB5ʜHF9 ƖIGEI‹5I :CB8 9H 89 6C@ƕC8 =8 6@>>F?ƕBF8C Ȇ 8‹5IHF9G 5A5H9IFG 5J97 EIƕ @5 7CBJ9FG5HƕCB G9F5 DCGGƕ6@9j D5F79 EI9 BCIG @9IF A4C=8C@?D 8‹F?8 6;@D8 BFƕ 8DE =4 >ȼ>8 A@FC 8FI 8E A@FC ?@FDj @5 F57ƕB9 A8CD@??8==8 89 BCHF9 AC@AC8 ƕADF9GGƕCB ȳH5BH DFAACƕ>ȳ8U[

9G DFȳ8ƕ75HG 89 J5@9IF EIƕ 7CBGHƕHI9BH 79HH9 u 7<CG9 EIƕ 9GH @5 AȼA9 DCIF 9IL 9H DCIF BCIG t y D5F @5EI9@@9 Ɩ9 7FCƕG 9LDFƕA9F Ȇ 5IHFIƕ 79 EI9 Ɩ9 F9GG9BG y 9H F9B89BH 5ƕBGƕ @‹577CF8 9H @5 7CBJ9FG5HƕCB DCGGƕ6@9Gj GCBH DFȳ7ƕGȳA9BH @9 @ƕ9I 7CAw AIB @5B;5;ƕ9F FIƕB5BH @‹5IH<9BHƕ7ƕHȳ 89 @‹9LDȳFƕ9B79j 5B7Fȳ9 85BG @‹ƕB8ƕJƕ8I9@ 9 F9HCIF Ȇ @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 y EIƕ 9GH 9B AȼA9 H9ADG IB 58ƕ9I y EI9 DF́B9 '7<59::9F F9ƖCƕBH ƕ7ƕ @9 8ȳGƕF EI‹9LDFƕA5ƕH 9;9@j F9;F9HH5BH EI9 @‹9GDFƕH 7FƕHƕEI9 9H @9G <5w 6ƕHI89G 8I ƖI;9A9BH 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 5ƕ9BH C6G7IF7ƕ 9B BCIG @5 G5HƕG:57HƕCB GDƕFƕHI9@@9 EI9 @9G Gƕɚ7@9G 5BHȳFƕ9IFG HFCIJ5ƕ9BH 85BG IB9 F9@5HƕCB 8‹ƕ89BHƕ:ƕ75HƕCB ƕBHƕA9 5J97 @‹PIJF9

5IHwƕ@ 5@CFG F9GH9F AI9H 89J5BH @‹5FH q CADH9 H9BI 89G 89IL 7CBGƕ8ȳF5HƕCBG DFȳ7ȳ89BH9Gj CB B9 89JF5ƕH HC@ȳF9F 7CAA9 J9F65@ƕG5HƕCB @ȳ;ƕHƕA9 8‹IB9 5DDFȳ7ƕ5HƕCB

U[ !5F79@ $FCIGHj 8 '8>AD C8EC@FGȳj 7ƕHȳ D5F '7<59::9Fj @A 6ƕEj D WYX "CIG GCI@ƕ;BCBG

(9)

EI9 4 %86;8C6;8 CI 8D #C@>8?478D 74?D %@>8j 79H 5DDFC:CB8ƕGG9A9BH G7FIDIw @9IL 9H D5Hƕ9BH 89 BCG ƕADF9GGƕCBG D5F @‹ȳ7FƕHIF9j CI 6ƕ9Bj Ȇ @‹5IHF9 9LHFȼA9j @‹9LHȳw FƕCFƕG5HƕCB ƕAAȳ8ƕ5H9 9H DFƕJȳ9 8I 7CBH9BH9A9BH CI 89 @5 8ȳ79DHƕCB BHF9 @9G 89ILj 79 B‹9GH EI9 u D@5ƕGƕF ACB85ƕB t G5BG D9FHƕB9B79 JƕGwȆwJƕG 89 79 EIƕ G9 HF5A9 Fȳ9@@9w A9BH Ȇ @5 GCIF79j CI 6ƕ9B u Ɩ9I 89 @5B;5;9 t CΛ @9G DFȳ8ƕ75HG 89 J5@9IFG C6ȳƕGG9BH Ȇ 89G Fɚ;@9G :ƕLȳ9G D5F IB9 D9HƕH9 7C@@97HƕJƕHȳ 8‹9LD9FHG z79 EIƕ DCIF '7<59::9F G9A6@9 ȼHF9 Ȇ D9I DFɚG @5 AȼA9 7<CG9 @CFGEI‹ƕ@ G‹5;ƕH 8‹5FH{ @ B9 F9GH9 Ȇ 79@Iƕ EIƕj Bƕ $FCIGH Bƕ 'H9B8<5@j 9GH HCIH 89 AȼA9 GCI7ƕ9IL 89 8ȳD5GG9F @9 GH589 DIF9A9BH Fȳ57Hƕ:j EI9 @5 B9IHF5@ƕHȳ 89 @5 DFȳ8ƕ75HƕCB 89G7FƕDHƕJ9 CI 6ƕ9B @5 DFȳ8ƕ75HƕCB ȳ;CHƕGH9 Ȇ @5EI9@@9 G9 @ƕJF9 $CB;9 89J5BH @9G PIJF9G 89 5IHFƕ9F h u Ɩ‹5ƕA9 @9G D9ƕBHIF9G 89 5IHFƕ9FU\t #Fj 85BG @5 A9GIF9 CΛ @‹CB G5ƕH 7CA6ƕ9B @5 :FCBHƕɚF9 9BHF9 8ƕG7CIFG 89G7FƕDHƕ: 9H 8ƕG7CIFG ȳJ5@I5Hƕ: 9GH ȳHFCƕH9 9H EI‹ƕ@ 9GH HCIƖCIFG DCGGƕ6@9 EI‹IB DFȳ8ƕ75H H9BI DCIF 89G7FƕDHƕ: GCƕH IB9 ȳJ5@I5HƕCB 8ȳ;IƕGȳ9j G9I@9 @5 G97CB89 DCGGƕ6ƕ@ƕHȳ 9GH 8ȳDCIFJI9 89 HCIH 85B;9F

!5ƕG @‹9ADƕF9 89G J5@9IFG 9GH G5BG @ƕAƕH9 B 9::9Hj @5 u 7FƕHƕEI9 GC7ƕ5@9 8I ƖIw ;9A9BH t H9@@9 EI9 @‹ȳ@56CF9 CIF8ƕ9I A9H Ȇ @‹ȳDF9IJ9j EI5BH Ȇ 9@@9j @5 GDCBH5BȳƕHȳ GI6Ɩ97HƕJ9 8I u Ɩ9 @‹5ƕA9 t '7<59::9F 9H CIF8ƕ9I B9 D5F@9BH D5G @9 AȼA9 @5B;5;9 9H @‹9BƖ9I 89 @5 8ȳAMGHƕ:ƕ75HƕCB Ȇ @5EI9@@9 @‹IB 7CAA9 @‹5IHF9 G9 @ƕJF9BH 9GH 8ƕ::ȳw F9BH !ȼA9 Gƕ @9IFG 7CB7@IGƕCBG B9 GCBH D5G 9B 7CBHF58ƕ7HƕCB 8ƕF97H9 9H AȼA9 Gƕ '7<59::9F 9GH G5BG BI@ 8CIH9 DFC7<9 8I F9@5HƕJƕGA9 6CIF8ƕ9IGƕ9Bj @5 JƕGƕCB 89 @‹5FH EI9 7<57IB DFCDCG9j 85BG G5 F9@5HƕCB 5IL J5@9IFGj 9GH HCIH 89 AȼA9 CDDCGȳ9 5 8ȳA5F7<9 89 u DIFƕ:ƕ75HƕCB t 89 @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 :5ƕH EI9 Gƕ @5 8ƕA9BGƕCB 7I@HIF9@@9 9H GC7ƕ5@9 89 @5 :CFA5HƕCB 8I ;CΆH DFƕJȳ B‹9GH D5G Bƕȳ9j 9@@9 9GH Bȳ5BACƕBG B9IHF5@ƕw Gȳ9 D5F79 EI9 BCB D9FHƕB9BH9 '9@CB 79HH9 D9FGD97HƕJ9j ACB ;CΆH 9GH 79FH9G :CFAȳ GC7ƕ5@9A9BH 9H ACB D@5ƕGƕF 9GH 5B5@MG56@9 GC7ƕC@C;ƕEI9A9BH 9B F9@5HƕCB 5J97 89G J5@9IFGj ƕ@ B‹9B F9GH9 D5G ACƕBG EI9 @‹C6Ɩ9H 89 @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 B9 D9IH ȼHF9 5IHF9 7<CG9 EI9 @5 89G7FƕDHƕCB 89 79 D@5ƕGƕF 7CAA9 :5ƕH B F9HCIFj @5 BCHƕCB DGM7<C@C;ƕEI9 89 D@5ƕGƕF zCI 8ȳD@5ƕGƕF{ 9GH ȳHF5B;ɚF9 Ȇ @5 8ȳA5F7<9 GC7ƕC@C;ƕEI9 89 CIF8ƕ9Ij 79 EIƕ B9 Gƕ;Bƕ:ƕ9 D5G EI‹9@@9 B‹9LƕGH9 D5G CI EI‹9@@9 B‹5 D5G 89 J5@ƕ8ƕHȳ 9ADƕFƕEI9

B 7CBGȳEI9B79 @5 @ƕ69FHȳ 8‹5DDFȳ7ƕ5HƕCB 9GH<ȳHƕEI9j EI9 '7<59::9Fj 9B9HH9 9H CIF8ƕ9I F9DF9BB9BH HCIG Ȇ 5BHj 9GH DCIF @9G DF9Aƕ9FG @9 :CB89A9BH AȼA9 89 @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 7CAA9 9LDȳFƕ9B79 5::97HƕJ9 9H DCIF @9 G97CB8 IB A5GEI9 ƕ8ȳC@C;ƕEI9 EIƕ :5ƕH A5F7<9F @9 GMGHɚA9 $CIF CIF8ƕ9Ij Gƕ 8ƕF9 u 7‹9GH 695I t :5ƕH 9BH9B8F9 IB u Ɩ9 @‹5ƕA9 tj 79 u Ɩ9 @‹5ƕA9 t B9 F9BJCƕ9 D5G Ȇ @5 G9I@9 Fȳ5@ƕHȳ 8I Jȳ7I GI6Ɩ97Hƕ: 8‹IB9 F9@5HƕCB 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 h ƕ@ B9 D9IH G‹ƕBH9FDFȳH9F EI9 7CAA9 IB9 DFƕG9 89 DCGƕHƕCB Ȇ @‹ƕBHȳFƕ9IF 8‹IB9 <ƕȳF5F7<ƕ9 89 J5@9IFGj IB9 A5BƕɚF9 89 Gƕ;Bƕ:ƕ9F G5 D@579 85BG @5 DMF5Aƕ89 GC7ƕ5@9 ‹5DDFȳ7ƕ5HƕCB EI9@@9 EI‹9@@9 GCƕH 9GH HCIƖCIFG 8ȳƖȆ CGH9BH5HCƕF9j 9@@9 D5FHƕ7ƕD9 89 @5 F9@5HƕCB GC7ƕ5@9 'ƕ 8ƕF9 u 7‹9GH 695I t 757<9 6ƕ9B IB u Ɩ9

U\ $CB;9j u "CH9G GIF @9G CH5;9Gj D9ƕBHIF9G 89 5IHFƕ9F tj ŠE8=ƕ8C 6@?E8>A@C4ƕ?j 5@@ƕA5F8j U][[j D V^

(10)

@‹5ƕA9 tj 79 B‹9GH D5G 9B H5BH EI9 79 u Ɩ9 @‹5ƕA9 t 9GH @5 JȳFƕH56@9 9H DF9AƕɚF9 Fȳ5@ƕHȳ 89 @‹9LDȳFƕ9B79 9GH<ȳHƕEI9j A5ƕG D5F79 EI9 @9G ƖI;9A9BHG 89 ;CΆH GCBH 89G GHF5Hȳ;ƕ9G GC7ƕ5@9G 89 @‹ƕB8ƕJƕ8I 'ƕ @9 F9HCIF 5I BCM5I 89 @5 DFȳ:ȳF9B79 ƕB8ƕJƕ8I9@@9 5J5ƕH DCIF :CB7HƕCB 7<9N @9G u 9GH<ȳHƕ7ƕ9BG t 8‹ȳDIF9F @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 8I Ɩ9I 89G J5@9IFGj 7<9N CIF8ƕ9I 79 BCM5I 9LD@CG9 9B IB9 7CBGH9@@5HƕCB 89 F9@5HƕCBG D5F CΛ @9G J5@9IFG 9H @9 GC7ƕ5@ G9 FȳƕBHFC8IƕG9BH ADCGGƕ6@9 8‹ȳ7<5DD9F Ȇ @9IF H9FFƕ:ƕ5BH DCIJCƕF

5 D9BGȳ9 ȳ7CBCAƕEI9 89 @5 J5@9IF 85BG @5EI9@@9 G‹ƕBG7FƕH 5IGGƕ CIF8ƕ9IU] :5ƕH ȳ;5@9A9BH JC@9F 9B ȳ7@5HG @9 89FBƕ9F 65GHƕCB EI9 7CBGHƕHI9 DCIF @9 F9@5HƕJƕGA9 @5 DFȳ:ȳF9B79 ƕB8ƕJƕ8I9@@9 5 DFC8I7HƕCB 89 J5@9IFG D5F @9G 5FHƕGH9G 7CAA9 D5F @9G 7FƕHƕEI9G M 9GH 9BJƕG5;ȳ9 85BG IB9 6FIH5@9 @C;ƕEI9 89 A5F7<ȳ 9H 89 J9BH9 5 J5@9IF 89 @‹C6Ɩ9H 9GH F9@5HƕJ9 5IL 7ƕF7CBGH5B79G 85BG @9GEI9@@9G G‹ȳBCB79BH @9 ƖI;9A9BHj EIƕ GCBH 89 HFCƕG GCFH9G h @9 7CIFG 89G J5@9IFG 8I ACA9BHj @9 6IH 8I ƖI;9A9BH 89 J5w @9IF 9H @9G 89GHƕB5H9IFG 7CBGƕ8ȳFȳG #F @9 7MBƕGA9 8‹IB9 H9@@9 5GGƕAƕ@5HƕCB 89 @5 Jƕ9 GDƕFƕHI9@@9 9H 89 @5 Jƕ9 ȳ7CBCAƕEI9 B9 D9IH G‹5779DH9F G5BG GCIF7ƕ@@9F 9 B‹9GH D5G @5 AȼA9 7<CG9 8‹58A9HHF9 EI‹ȳ7CBCAƕ9 9H 5FH GCBH @ƕȳ9Gj EI9 @5 J5@9IF 5FHƕGHƕEI9 9GH ƕB:@I9B7ȳ9 D5F u @5 Fȳ5@ƕHȳ ȳ7CBCAƕEI9 t 9H 8‹58A9HHF9 EI9 @5 J5@9IF 5FHƕGHƕEI9 9GH IB9 J5@9IF ȳ7CBCAƕEI9 7CAA9 IB9 5IHF9 8CBH @9 AC8ɚ@9 I@HƕA9 9GH ACBȳH5ƕF9 ‹5IHF9 D5FHj D9IHwCB Fȳ9@@9A9BH 8ƕGHƕB;I9F 5IHF9A9BH EI‹9B H<ȳCFƕ9 89 :5¡CB HFɚG B9HH9 9BHF9 @9G 8ƕ::ȳF9BHG 8CA5ƕB9G 5LƕC@C;ƕEI9G q "9 GI77CA6CBGwBCIG D5G Ȇ 79 EI9 9B9HH9 5DD9@@9 u @‹ƕ@@IGƕCB 5FHƕGHƕEI9 t F9@ƕ;ƕCB 89 @‹5FH 85BG @5 A9GIF9 CΛ 9@@9 J5 89 D5ƕF 5J97 @5 7FCM5B79 9B @‹4FE@?@>ƕ8 89 @‹5FH EIƕ 9GH DFȳ7ƕGȳA9BH @‹IB 89G ȳ@ȳA9BHG @9G D@IG ƕADCFH5BHG 89 @‹<ȳFƕH5;9 FCA5BHƕEI9 @5 F9@5HƕCB Ȇ @‹PIJF9j EIƕ GCBH 8‹IB 5IHF9 CF8F9 t q z4 %8=4Eƕ@? 8DE;ȳEƕBF8j V[Z{ CIF8ƕ9I B9 8ƕH D5G 5IHF9 7<CG9 @CFGEI‹ƕ@ GCIHƕ9BH @5 8ȳD9B85B79 8I ƖI;9A9BH 9Gw H<ȳHƕEI9 JƕGwȆwJƕG 8I ƖI;9A9BH ACF5@j BCH5AA9BH 85BG @‹ȳH56@ƕGG9A9BH 8I 8ȳ;CΆH 8I u :57ƕ@9 t 9H @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 6CIF;9CƕG9G 8CBB9BH Ȇ 79 ACHV^ t DIF t 5 J5@9IF BCIG :5ƕH 9BHF9F 85BG IB FȳG95I ACF5@j ȳ7CBCAƕEI9 9H DC@ƕHƕEI9 EIƕ 7CB:ɚF9 5IL ƖI;9A9BHG 9GH<ȳHƕEI9G IB9 8ƕA9BGƕCB ƕB7CBHF́@56@9 9IF DCFHȳ9 9::97HƕJ9 BCIG ȳ7<5DD9 H @5 7F5ƕBH9 89 79HH9 D9FH9 89 7CBHF́@9 CI G5 8ȳBȳ;5HƕCBj DCIFF5ƕH 9LD@ƕEI9F @9G FȳGƕGH5B79G EI‹5 F9B7CBHFȳ9G 9B F5B79j 7<9N @9G @ƕHHȳF5ƕF9G BCH5AA9BHj @5 GC7ƕC@C;ƕ9 6CIF8ƕ9IGƕ9BB9j 5I BCA 8‹IB9 8ȳ:9BG9 89 @‹5FH 7CAA9 9GD579 u GCA9K<9F9 CIH C: H<9 KCF@8 t 9Hj 7CAA9 H9@j DFCHȳ;ȳ 89 HCIH9 JȳFƕH56@9 7CADFCAƕGGƕCBVU

U] +CƕF D5F 9L9AD@9 CIF8ƕ9I u 5 DFC8I7HƕCB 89 @5 7FCM5B79 h 7CBHFƕ6IHƕCB Ȇ IB9 ȳ7CBCAƕ9 89G 6ƕ9BG GMA6C@ƕEI9G tj 6E8D 78 =4 C86;8C6;8 8? D6ƕ8?68D D@6ƕ4=8Dj Bˆ UWj :ȳJFƕ9F U][[

V^ 4 ƕDEƕ?6Eƕ@? CƕEƕBF8 D@6ƕ4=8 7F ƖF:8>8?Ei !ƕBIƕHj U][]i D YZZ

VU 5 H<ȳCFƕ9 89 @‹5IHCBCAƕ9 8I 7<5AD 5FHƕGHƕEI9 EIƕ :CB89 @5 D9BGȳ9 89 CIF8ƕ9I B‹5 Fƕ9B Ȇ JCƕFj 6ƕ9B 9BH9B8Ij 5J97 @9 7CB79DH FCA5BHƕEI9 8‹5IHCBCAƕ9 89 @‹5FH EIƕ 9L7@IH @9 GC7ƕ5@ @@9 G9FHj 9B CDDCGƕHƕCB Ȇ @5 GC7ƕC@C;ƕ9 89 C@8A5BBj Ȇ D9BG9F @9 ACB89 89 @‹5FH 7CAA9 IB9 AƕBƕwGC7ƕȳHȳ

(11)

5 D9IF 89G J5@9IFG 85BG @9 8ƕG7CIFG 5 8CB7 89IL JƕG5;9G h 79@Iƕ 8I F9@5Hƕw JƕGA9 9LHFȼA9 F9AD@579 79@Iƕ 89 @‹IBƕJ9FG5@ƕGA9j @5 D9IF 78D J5@9IFG 7CAA9 79 EIƕ ȳ7<5DD9 Ȇ HCIH Fȳ;ƕA9 89 JȳFƕHȳj GI6Ɩ97HƕJ9 CI C6Ɩ97HƕJ9j 79@@9 89 =4 J5@9IF 7CAA9 JȳFƕHȳ 8C;A5HƕEI9

@C4=8D 78 =4 G4=8FC

H Gƕ 79HH9 D9IF 89 @‹<ȳ;ȳACBƕ9 89G J5@9IFG B‹ȳH5ƕH 9@@9wAȼA9 EI9 @9 FȳGI@H5H 8‹IB DCƕBH 89 JI9 Ȇ @5 :CƕG ȳDƕGHȳAC@C;ƕEI9 9H ȳH<ƕEI9j G9@CB @9EI9@ HCIH 79 EIƕ B‹9GH D5G G5JCƕF 9GH Bȳ79GG5ƕF9A9BH DCIJCƕF q "ƕ D9FGCBB9@@9 Bƕ IBƕJ9FG9@@9j @5 J5@9IF 85BG 79HH9 D9FGD97HƕJ9 9GH :5H5@9A9BH 8CIH9IG9 9H @9 8ƕG7CIFG 8‹ȳJ5@I5HƕCB IB Ɩ9I GC7ƕ5@ 8ƕ;B9 89 Aȳ:ƕ5B79

$CIFH5BHj DCIF 7ƕH9F &C@5B8 5FH<9Gj ƕ@ 9LƕGH9 IB9 8ƕGHƕB7HƕCB 9BHF9 @9G u ACHGw G5JCƕF t 9H @9G u ACHGwJ5@9IFVVt h 8ƕF9 8‹IB C6Ɩ9H EI‹ƕ@ 9GH 695I zACHwJ5@9IF{ 9H 8ƕF9 EI‹ƕ@ 9GH 6@9I zACHwG5JCƕF{j 79 B‹9GH D5G G9I@9A9BH F9AD@579F IB DFȳ8ƕ75H 89G7FƕDHƕ: D5F IB DFȳ8ƕ75H ȳJ5@I5Hƕ:j 7‹9GH 9BHF9F 85BG IB Fȳ;ƕA9 8ƕG7IFGƕ: 8ƕ::ȳF9BH H Gƕ @‹CB D9IH D5F@9F 9::97HƕJ9A9BH 89 u Ɩ9I 89 @5B;5;9 t 5I G9BG EI9 8CBB9 Ȇ @‹9LDF9GGƕCB @5 D<ƕ@CGCD<ƕ9 5B5@MHƕEI9j 79 B‹9GH D5G :CF7ȳA9BH 7CAA9 @9 :5ƕH '7<59::9F zF98CBB5BH 5ƕBGƕ 7IFƕ9IG9A9BH 5I H9FA9 89 Ɩ9I @5 J5@9IF 89 :FƕJC@ƕHȳ EI‹ƕ@ B‹5 D5G 7<9N ,ƕHH;9Bw GH9ƕB{ D5F Fȳ:ȳF9B79 5IL 7C89G 8I D9HƕH ACB89 89 @‹5FHj A5ƕG DCIF GCFHƕF 8I AC8ɚ@9 8I 8ƕG7CIFG G7ƕ9BHƕ:ƕ7CwFȳ5@ƕGH9VWzJ5@ƕ8ȳ 9B Fȳ:ȳF9B79 Ȇ IB9 JȳFƕHȳ 9B DFƕB7ƕD9 IBƕw J9FG9@@9A9BH 7CBB5ƕGG56@9{ 5 7CB79DHƕCB 89 @5 F5HƕCB5@ƕHȳ 9@@9wAȼA9 D9IH 9B 79 75G ȼHF9 ȳ@5F;ƕ9 9H 8ȳH57<ȳ9 89 @‹ƕ8ȳ9 8‹IBƕJ9FG5@ƕHȳ 5BG @9 F9A5FEI56@9 CIJF5;9 89 GMBH<ɚG9 EI‹ƕ@G 7CBG57F9BH Ȇ @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9j 95Bw$ƕ9FF9 CA9HHƕj 57EI9G !CFƕNCH 9H &C;9F $CIƕJ9Hj 7CBGH5H5BH @5 Fȳ5@ƕHȳ 8I :CB7HƕCBB9A9BH 89G 8ƕG7CIFG 7FƕHƕEI9Gj GCIHƕ9BB9BH 5ƕBGƕ @5 F5HƕCBB5@ƕHȳ 5F;IA9BH5HƕJ9 89G ƖI;9A9BHG 89 J5@9IFj 8ȳ:9B8I9 D5F &5ƕB9F &C7<@ƕHN h

5I7IB9 |F5ƕGCB} B9 D9IH G9 JCƕF F97CBB5ʜHF9 IB9 DCFHȳ9 IBƕJ9FG9@@9 9H 9B7CF9 ACƕBG 56GC@I9 !5@;Fȳ 79@5 BCIG B‹9B 5JCBG D5G ACƕBG 5::5ƕF9 Ȇ 89G F5ƕGCBGj 5I G9BG CΛ |i} @9 HMD9 89 ƖIGHƕ:ƕ75HƕCB EI9 |@9 8ȳ65H 7Fƕw

8ƕFƕ;ȳ9 D5F 89G @CƕGj EIƕj 8I DCƕBH 89 JI9 GC7ƕC@C;ƕEI9j CDɚF9BH 89 :5¡CB 7CAD@ɚH9A9BH 5IHCBCA9 JƕGwȆwJƕG 89G 8ȳH9FAƕBƕGA9G EIƕ Fȳ;ƕGG9BH @5 GC7ƕȳHȳ +CƕF Ȇ 79 GIƖ9H 8D %ɚ:=8D 78 =Š4CE 8?ɚD8 8E

DECF6EFC8 7F 6;4>A =ƕEEȳC4ƕC8i '9Iƕ@j U]]V

VV & 5FH<9Gj u 9G GCFHƕ9G 8I H9LH9 tj /FGC8D 6@>A=ɚE8Dj +j ȳ8ƕHȳ9G D5F Fƕ7 !5FHMj D W[Y z+CƕF ȳ;5@9A9BH %@=4?7 4CE;8D A4C %@=4?7 4CE;8Di @A 6ƕEi D [^Ww[^X{ 9 B9 GCBH D5G 79D9B85BH @9G DFȳ8ƕ75HG 9GH<ȳHƕEI9G EIƕ GCBH 7CB79FBȳG 5I DF9Aƕ9F 7<9: 7<9N 5FH<9Gj 85BG 79 EIƕ G9 DFȳG9BH9 7CAA9 IB9 Fȳ:@9LƕCB 8‹CF8F9 GHM@ƕGHƕEI9 9H @9Lƕ7C;F5D<ƕEI9 (CIH @9LɚA9 G9F5ƕH AȼA9 GIG79DHƕ6@9 89 :CB7HƕCBB9F 7CAA9 ACHwJ5@9IF

VW B 79 G9BG @‹5DDFC7<9 CBHC@C;ƕEI9 89G D<ȳBCAɚB9G 9GH<ȳHƕEI9Gj EIƕ 9GH D5F 9L9AD@9 79@@9 89 &C;9F $CIƕJ9H z@A 6ƕE{j 9GH ƕBHȳF9GG5BH9j D5F79 EI‹9@@9 D9FA9H 89 D9BG9F 5IHF9A9BH @5 BCHƕCB 89 Fȳ5@ƕHȳ C6Ɩ97HƕJ9

(12)

HƕEI9} ƕAD@ƕEI9 G‹ƕBG7FƕH B5HIF9@@9A9BH 85BG IB DFC79GGIG 8‹ȳ7<5B;9 ƕAD@ƕEI5BH @5 DCGGƕ6ƕ@ƕHȳ 8‹IB 577CF8j :ΆHwƕ@ @ƕAƕHȳ 9H DFȳ75ƕF9 (CIH9 @5 EI9GHƕCB B‹9GH 8CB7 D5G 89 G5JCƕF 85BG EI9@@9 A9GIF9 @9 ƖI;9A9BH 7FƕHƕEI9 D9IH 9GDȳF9F G9 JCƕF 5HHFƕ6I9F IB9 J5@9IF IBƕJ9FG9@@9j A5ƕG D@Iw H́H 89 6ƕ9B JCƕF EI‹ƕ@ 5 JC75HƕCB Ȇ 8ȳD5GG9F @9G @ƕAƕH9G 89 @5 GƕAD@9 GI6Ɩ97HƕJƕHȳ CI 89 @5 GƕB;I@5FƕHȳ ƕ8ƕCGMB7F5GƕEI9 89 ;FCID9G F9GHF9ƕBHG |i}VX

"ȳ5BACƕBGj Gƕ @5 DCGGƕ6ƕ@ƕHȳ 8‹9BJƕG5;9F @9G J5@9IFG 9B H9FA9G 89 F5ƕGCB 9H 8‹5Fw ;IA9BH D9IH :CIFBƕF IB9 @ȳ;ƕHƕAƕHȳ F5GGIF5BH9 5IL 8ƕG7CIFG 7FƕHƕEI9Gj 7‹9GH u @‹C6w Ɩ97HƕJƕHȳ t 8I 8ƕG7CIFG 89 J5@9IFj G5 J5@ƕ8ƕHȳ 5I F9;5F8 89G 8ƕG7CIFG 89 G5JCƕFj EIƕ 7CBHƕBI9 8‹ȼHF9 A9GIFȳ9 x BCB D@IG 7CAA9 J9FGƕCB 8ȳ:97HI9IG9 z5DDFC7<9 D9GGƕw AƕGH9{ A5ƕG 5@H9FB5HƕJ9 z5DDFC7<9 CDHƕAƕGH9{ #F Gƕ @5 J5@9IF A9H 9B Ɩ9I IB9 68CE4ƕ?8 F5HƕCB5@ƕHȳj 79@@9w7ƕ ƕAD@ƕEI9 9B F9HCIFj DCIF F9DF9B8F9 9B IB G9BG IB D9I 8ƕ::ȳF9BH 8I Gƕ9B @5 :CFAI@9 89 5FH<9Gj u IB9 68CE4ƕ?8 GI6Ɩ97HƕJƕHȳ t zW[X{ EI‹ƕ@ 7CBJƕ9BH 8‹9LD@ƕ7ƕH9F 5 7CADFȳ<9BGƕCB 8I 8ƕG7CIFG 89 J5@9IF 89A5B89 G5BG 8CIH9 IB9 Fȳw JƕGƕCB 89 @5 7CB79DHƕCB 8I Fȳ9@ JƕGȳ D5F 79 8ƕG7CIFG A5ƕG ȳ;5@9A9BH 5I DF9Aƕ9F 7<9: 8I GIƖ9H EIƕ @‹ȳBCB79

#Fj @9 DFC7ɚG :5ƕH 5I 8ƕG7CIFG 89 J5@9IF 9GH 7CB8IƕH 5I BCA 8‹IB9 7CB79DHƕCB 8I GIƖ9H 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 7CAA9 u Ɩ9 t ƕBHƕA9j @ƕ6F9 9H ƕB8ȳD9B85BHj 75D56@9j G‹ƕ@ 9GH 5GG9N 5I857ƕ9ILVYj 89 G9 GCIGHF5ƕF9 Ȇ IB 8ƕG7CIFG 9BJƕG5;ȳ 7CAA9 u ƕADȳF5Hƕ: 5IHCFƕw H5ƕF9 t z8D ȳ=ƕ54E4ƕC8D 78 =Š4CEj V^X{ 5 7ƕH5HƕCB 89 $FCIGHj CB @‹5 JIj 5Iw89@Ȇ 89 @5 7FƕHƕEI9 89G ACB85BƕHȳGj 5 9B 9::9H DCIF :CB7HƕCB 89 J5@CFƕG9F @‹ƕADF9GGƕCB D9FGCBB9@@9 9B H9FA9G 8‹5IH<9BHƕ7ƕHȳj 89 GI;;ȳF9F EI‹ƕ@ 9LƕGH9F5ƕH IB9 F57ƕB9 ƕB8ƕw Jƕ8I9@@9 9B:CIƕ9 GCIG @5 GID9F:ƕ7ƕ5@ƕHȳ 8I Ɩ9I 89G J5@9IFGj IB DFCDF9 ƕFFȳ8I7Hƕ6@9 5I 7C@@97Hƕ: 9 AC8ɚ@9 89 @5 F9@5HƕCB Ȇ @‹5FH F9GH9 5@CFG 89 :5¡CB GIFDF9B5BH9 79@Iƕ 89 'H9B8<5@j 7‹9GHwȆw8ƕF9 79@Iƕj H5F8ƕ: 85BG @‹<ƕGHCƕF9 89 @‹5FHj 8I HȼH9wȆwHȼH9 5J97 GCƕw AȼA9 85BG @9 AIGȳ9 Ȇ 7ƕ9@ CIJ9FH EI‹9GH @‹H5@ƕ9j 5@CFG AȼA9 EI‹IB9 6CBB9 D5FH 89 @5 DFC8I7HƕCB 7CBH9ADCF5ƕB9j GMA6C@ƕEI9A9BH 89DIƕG I7<5ADj CB @9 G5ƕHj 9LƕGH9 8‹56CF8j 89 :5ƕHj Ȇ EI9@ EI9 BƕJ95I EI9 79 GCƕHj DCIF @‹9LD9FH 7CAA9 DCIF @9 GƕAD@9 5A5H9IFj 9B F9@5HƕCB Ȇ IB9 DFƕG9 89 DCGƕHƕCB 85BG IB 7ȳ54E 9GH<ȳHƕEI9j ACF5@ CI DC@ƕHƕEI9 9HH9 GI;;9GHƕCB 8‹IB ƕ8ȳ5@ƕGA9 8I GIƖ9H DIF 9GH Ȇ @‹CDDCGȳ 89 @5 D9Bw Gȳ9 89 CIF8ƕ9I EIƕ G‹ƕBG7FƕH DCIFH5BH 9@@9 5IGGƕ GCIG @‹ȳ;ƕ89 89 $FCIGHj BCB D5G @9 FCA5B7ƕ9FwB5FF5H9IF 8I '8>AD %8EC@FGȳ A5ƕG @9 7FƕHƕEI9 @I7ƕ89 h u 7‹9GH 5J97 A9G

VX 95Bw$ƕ9FF9 CA9HHƕj 57EI9G !CFƕNCHj &C;9F $CIƕJ9Hj $F8DEƕ@?D 7Š8DE;ȳEƕBF8j $)j V^^^j D U[]wU\^

VY +CƕFj 7<9N 9B9HH9 7CAA9 7<9N '7<59::9Fj @9 JC756I@5ƕF9 89 @5 <5F8ƕ9GG9 5GGC7ƕȳ 5I u GI6w Ɩ97HƕJƕGA9 <ȳ8CBƕGH9 t zu 9FH5ƕBG 9GDFƕHG F9HCFG zCI ACƕBG HƕACFȳG{ 5::ƕFA9BH 5I 7CBHF5ƕF9 @5 GI6w Ɩ97HƕJƕHȳ 89 @9IFG DFCDF9G ƖI;9A9BHG tj '7<59::9Fj 8D ȳ=ƕ54E4ƕC8D 78 =Š4CEj @A 6ƕEj D V^X k 9H u 5 H<ȳCFƕ9 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 :5ƕH 8CB7 :5IGG9 FCIH9 @CFGEI‹9@@9 ȳDCIG9 @‹C6Ɩ97HƕJƕGA9 GDCBH5Bȳ 89 79HH9 F9@5w HƕCBj EI‹ƕ@ 7CBJƕ9BH 5I 7CBHF5ƕF9 89 F9GHƕHI9F Ȇ G5 @ƕ69FHȳj Ȇ GCB FƕGEI9j Ȇ GCB D@5ƕGƕF tj 9B9HH9j @A

6ƕEj EI5HFƕɚA9 89 7CIJ9FHIF9{

(13)

D@IG 7<ɚF9G ƕADF9GGƕCBG 9GH<ȳHƕEI9G EI9 Ɩ‹5ƕ JCI@I @IHH9F ƕ7ƕj HǨ7<5BH 89 DCIGG9F ƖIGw EI‹Ȇ G9G 89FBƕɚF9G 9H D@IG 7FI9@@9G @ƕAƕH9G @5 GƕB7ȳFƕHȳ ƕBH9@@97HI9@@9VZt $CIFH5BHj Gƕ @9 GIƖ9H 6CIF8ƕ9IGƕ9Bj 9B H5BH EI9 u Ɩ9 t 8CAƕBȳ D5F IB ƕAD9BGȳ GC7ƕ5@j 6FƕG9 79HH9 ƕ@@IGƕCB 8I GIƖ9H 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 DIFj @‹5B5@MG9 GC7ƕC@C;ƕEI9 89G ƖI;9A9BHG 89 J5@9IF 9B H9FA9G 89 HFCAD9Fƕ9 9H 89 7CBH5AƕB5HƕCB 8I 8CA5ƕB9 5FHƕGHƕEI9 D5F @9 ACF5@ 9H @9 DC@ƕHƕ7CwGC7ƕ5@ 7CBHƕBI9 89 89GGƕB9F 9B :ƕ@ƕ;F5B9 @‹CA6F9 ƕ8ȳ5@9 9H ƕA5;ƕB5ƕF9 8I GIƖ9H 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 7CAA9 ƕB8ƕJƕ8I 5IHCBCA9 ‹9GH DFȳ7ƕGȳA9BH 85BG 79HH9 D9FGD97w HƕJ9 EI9 @5 8ƕA9BGƕCB 7C@@97HƕJ9 89 @5 J5@9IF D9IH 5DD5F5ʜHF9 7CAA9 IB9 A9B579 Ȇ @5EI9@@9 @‹9LDȳFƕ9B79 9GH<ȳHƕEI9j Ȇ @5 8ƕ::ȳF9B79 89G 5IHF9G 9LDȳFƕ9B79G <IA5ƕB9Gj DCIFF5ƕH 9H 89JF5ƕH G9 GCIGHF5ƕF9

‹IB 89G DFƕB7ƕD5IL AȳFƕH9G 89G HF5J5IL 89 &5ƕB9F &C7<@ƕHN 9GHj G9@CB BCIGj BCB H5BH 8‹5JCƕF H9BHȳ 89 DFCIJ9F @‹9LƕGH9B79 8‹IB9 C4ƕD@? 8DE;ȳEƕBF8 x 9H 7‹9GH 79HH9 EI9GHƕCB 9GG9BHƕ9@@9A9BH EIƕ 5 ȳHȳ 5I 7PIF 89G DC@ȳAƕEI9G 5J97 '7<59::9F 9H 9B9HH9 xj EI9 8‹5JCƕF D9BGȳ @5 Fȳ7CB7ƕ@ƕ5HƕCB 89 @‹ƕB8ƕJƕ8I9@ 9H 8I 7C@@97Hƕ: D5F @9 6ƕ5ƕG 89 @5 BCHƕCB 8‹9B;5;9A9BH h u %I9 @‹ȳJ5@I5HƕCB |} GCƕH HCIƖCIFG nGI6Ɩ97HƕJ9m |} B9 Gƕ;Bƕ:ƕ9 D5G EI‹9@@9 B‹9B;5;9 Ȇ Fƕ9B ɚG @CFG EI‹9@@9 G‹ȳBCB79j 9@@9 57EIƕ9FH @9 GH5HIH 8‹IB9 DFȳH9BHƕCB DI6@ƕEI9 Ȇ @5 D9FHƕB9B79j EIƕ B‹9GH D5G J5ƕB9 D5F 8ȳ:ƕBƕw HƕCBV[ t ƖCIHCBG EI9 79HH9 ȳBCB7ƕ5HƕCB B‹5 D5G 69GCƕB 8‹ȼHF9 :5ƕH9 DI6@ƕEI9A9BH 9H Ȇ <5IH9 JCƕL DCIF DFȳH9B8F9 Ȇ @5 D9FHƕB9B79 ƕA9F CI 8ȳH9GH9F IB :ƕ@A CI IB @ƕJF9 9BHF5ʜB9 Bȳ79GG5ƕF9A9BH IB9 AC8ƕ:ƕ75HƕCB 89 @‹ƕ8ȳ9 EI9 @‹CB G9 :5ƕH 8I 6CB zCI 8I A5IJ5ƕG{ 7ƕBȳA5j 89 @5 6CBB9 zCI 89 @5 A5IJ5ƕG9{ @ƕHHȳF5HIF9j IB9 D5FHƕ7ƕD5HƕCB z9H BCB IB9 GCIAƕGGƕCB{ 8I u ACƕ t 5I u EI‹9GHw79 EI9 7‹9GH q t 89 @‹5FH x BI@ 69GCƕB 8‹ȼHF9 IB GDȳ7ƕ5@ƕGH9 DCIF 79@5 xj 9Hj 8ɚG @CFGj @5 DCGGƕ6ƕ@ƕHȳ 89 7CAAIBƕEI9F Ȇ DFCw DCG 89 79 D@5ƕGƕF CI 89 79 8ȳD@5ƕGƕF #Fj Gƕ @9 ƖI;9A9BH 89 J5@9IF D9IH ȼHF9 D9BGȳj CB @‹5 JIj 9B H9FA9G 8‹5F;IA9BH5HƕCBj @5 u F5HƕCB5@ƕHȳ t 8CBH ƕ@ G‹5;ƕH B9 :CIFBƕH D5G 5I @C7IH9IF 89 ;5F5BHƕ9 k ƕ@ D9IH ȼHF9 GΆF 8‹5JCƕF 6ƕ9B F5ƕGCBBȳj A5ƕG ƕ@ B9 D9IH D5G ȼHF9 GΆF 8‹4G@ƕC C4ƕD@? $5F 7CBGȳEI9BHj @‹9Lƕ;9B79 89 DFC8I7HƕCB 8‹IB9 79FH5ƕB9 F5HƕCB5@ƕHȳ 9BHF5ʜB9 @5 F9GDCBG56ƕ@ƕG5HƕCB DI6@ƕEI9 89 @‹ƕB8ƕJƕ8Iw@C7IH9IF ‹ȳBCBw 7ȳ 89 J5@9IFj @CƕB 8‹ȼHF9 IB ȳBCB7ȳ ȳ;CHƕGH9 F5A9B5BH @‹C6Ɩ97Hƕ: zu 7‹9GH 695I t{ J9FG @9 GI6Ɩ97Hƕ: zu Ɩ9 @‹5ƕA9 t{j D9IH ȼHF9 D9BGȳ 7CAA9 ACIJ9A9BH 7CBHF5ƕF9 8‹9Bw ;5;9A9BH 8I GIƖ9H JƕGwȆwJƕG 8‹IB9 Fȳ5@ƕHȳ 7C@@97HƕJ9V\ B 7CBHF9D5FHƕ9j ƕ@ B9 :5IH D5G 7CADF9B8F9 79HH9 D5FHƕ7ƕD5HƕCB 8I GIƖ9H 7CAA9 IB9 568ƕ75HƕCB CI IB9 D9FH9 89 @‹5IH<9BHƕ7ƕHȳ ƕB8ƕJƕ8I9@@9 9G J5@9IFG B‹9LƕGH9BH D5G 9B 89<CFG 89G 57H9G ƕB8ƕJƕw 8I9@Gj 89 AȼA9 EI9j Gƕ @‹CB 58CDH9 @5 AȳH5D<CF9 ȳ7CBCAƕEI9j @9 7CIFG 89G J5@9IFG 6CIFGƕɚF9G F9:@ɚH9 Ȇ 7<5EI9 ƕBGH5BH 79 EI9 J5IH @‹57HƕCB DCIF 79@Iƕ EIƕ 57<ɚH9 9H DCIF

VZ $FCIGHj u 4 ƕ5=8 7Š>ƕ8?Dj $CGHwG7FƕDHIA Ȇ @5 DFȳ:579 8I HF58I7H9IF tj 7ƕHȳ D5F CIF8ƕ9I 85BG 4 ƕDEƕ?6Eƕ@?i @A6ƕE

V[ ŠCE 4F 54?6 7Š8DD4ƕj @A 6ƕEj D UZXwUZY

V\ +CƕFj DCIF IB9 5IHF9 5DDFC7<9 89 79HH9 EI9GHƕCBj CAƕBƕEI9 +5I;9CƕGj u ƕ;IF9G @ƕHHȳF5ƕF9G 89 @‹9B;5;9A9BH 85BG @9 8ƕG7CIFG GIF @‹5FH 5I --9 Gƕɚ7@9 t 85BG Š?:4:8>8?E =ƕEEȳC4ƕC8j 8ƕF Aw A5BI9@ CIƖIj $F9GG9G )BƕJ9FGƕH5ƕF9G 89 &9BB9Gj V^^Y

(14)

79@Iƕ EIƕ J9B8 ƕBGƕj @9 ƖI;9A9BH 89 J5@9IF 9GH<ȳHƕEI9j 5I @ƕ9I 8‹ȼHF9 @9 GIDDCFH DIw 6@ƕ7 D@IG CI ACƕBG 7CB85AB56@9 8‹IB9 7CB8IƕH9 DFƕJȳ9j D9IH ȼHF9 9BJƕG5;ȳ 7CAA9 IB 57H9 JƕJ5BH 9H 7CAD@9L9 89 GCIHƕ9B ƕB8ƕJƕ8I9@ Ȇ IB9 zF9{8ȳ:ƕBƕHƕCB DI6@ƕEI9 8I 695I

#4F=;4? 6CƕEƕBF8 e 94ƕC8 4ƕ>8C

5 Aȳ:ƕ5B79 GIG7ƕHȳ9 D5F @9G 8ƕG7CIFG 89 J5@9IF F9@ɚJ9 8CB7 8‹IB9 D9IF ACF5@9 89 @5 HF5BG;F9GGƕCB 9H 89 @‹ƕADCGHIF9j 5@CFG AȼA9 EI9 D9BG9F @5 J5@9IFj 7‹9GH D9BG9F @5 D9FAȳ56ƕ@ƕHȳ 89G :FCBHƕɚF9G 9BHF9 @‹ƕB8ƕJƕ8I 9H @5 GC7ƕȳHȳj 9BHF9 @‹9GH<ȳHƕEI9 9H @‹ȳH<ƕEI9 "CIG JCI8FƕCBGj DCIF :ƕBƕFj 9L5AƕB9F IB 8ƕG7CIFG EIƕj 85BG @9 7CB7F9H 89 G9G 9BƖ9ILj C6@ƕ;9 Ȇ 9BJƕG5;9F @5 7CAD@9LƕHȳ 89 @5 D5FC@9 ȳJ5@I5HƕJ9j 7CAD@9LƕHȳ EIƕ F9A9H 9B EI9GHƕCB @‹9::ƕ757ƕHȳ 89 79G 8ƕGHƕB7HƕCBG

B U]XVj $5I@<5B :5ƕH D5F5ʜHF9j 85BG @5 F9JI9 @>@87ƕ4i IB9 GIƕH9 89 D9HƕHG 7<5w DƕHF9G GIF F5EI9 &ȳȳ8ƕHȳ 9B J9FGƕCB 5I;A9BHȳ9 GCIG @9 HƕHF9 89 C4BF8 =8 A4EC@? Ȇ D@IGƕ9IFG F9DFƕG9G ƖIGEI‹Ȇ @‹ȳ8ƕHƕCB 8ȳ:ƕBƕHƕJ9 89 U]YVj 79 H9LH9 GIF @‹IB 89G D9ƕBHF9G :CB85H9IFG 8I 7I6ƕGA9 DCIFF5ƕH :57ƕ@9A9BH ȼHF9 F5B;ȳj 9I ȳ;5F8 Ȇ GCB 5IH9IFj IB9 ;F5B89 :ƕ;IF9 89G @9HHF9Gj 7CAA9 Ȇ GCB C6Ɩ9Hj IB 5FHƕGH9 8‹5J5BHw;5F89 8‹577ɚG 8ƕ:w :ƕ7ƕ@9j D5FAƕ @9G u Ɩ9IL 89 @5B;5;9 t EIƕ 75F57HȳFƕG9BH @5 F9@5HƕCB Ȇ @‹5FH 8‹IB9 ȳ@ƕH9 7I@HIF9@@9 9H ȳ@C;9 G5BG FȳG9FJ9 D9IH ȼHF9 ƕBH9FDFȳHȳ 9B 9::9H D5F @9 DI6@ƕ7 7CBB5ƕGG9IF 89 @‹5FH AC89FB9 7CAA9 IB H9LH9 DC@ȳAƕEI9 D5F @9EI9@ $5I@<5Bj 9B G9 8ȳA5FEI5BH 89 @5 7@I4 G9@CB @5EI9@@9 $ƕ75GGC 9GH @9 7<9: 89G 7I6ƕGH9Gj G9 :5ƕH IB9 D@579 85BG @9 ACB89 89 @‹5FH $ƕ75GGC 9H 5<BK9ƕ@9F B9 G‹M HFCAD9FCBH D5G 9H Fȳ5;ƕFCBH Ȇ 79HH9 DFCJC75HƕCB ‹5IHF9 D5FHj @5 F<ȳHCFƕEI9 5DC@C;ȳHƕEI9 G9 DFȳG9BH9 7CAA9 IB 9L9AD@9 89 A5BƕDI@5HƕCB D5FHƕ7I@ƕɚF9A9BH JƕGƕ6@9 89G J5@9IFG 9B 89<CFG 8I 758F9 8‹IB9 JȳFƕH56@9 5F;IA9BH5HƕCB 7FƕHƕEI9 h J5@9IFG ACF5@9Gj GC7ƕ5@9G 9H 9Gw H<ȳHƕEI9G :CBH @‹C6Ɩ9H 89 HF5BG:9FHG 7CBGH5BHG EIƕj Ȇ DF9AƕɚF9 JI9j DCIFF5ƕ9BH D5F5ʜHF9 8CIH9IL B:ƕBj @9 7CBH9LH9 89 @5 DF9AƕɚF9 DI6@ƕ75HƕCBj 7CAA9 79 :IH @9 75G 89 :5w ¡CB 5IHF9A9BH D@IG 9LD@ƕ7ƕH9 DCIF @9 u !5HƕGG9w9BwF5B79 t 8‹F5;CB @5 AȼA9 5BBȳ9 85BG @5 F9JI9 #@ȳDƕ8 89 $ƕ9FF9 '9;<9FGj @5B79 @9 GCID¡CB 8‹IB9 Fȳ7IDȳF5w HƕCB 89 @‹5FH Ȇ 89G :ƕBG 9LC;ɚB9G B GCAA9j @9G J5@9IFG 9GH<ȳHƕEI9G G9 D9F8F5ƕ9BH 85BG 89G J5@9IFG DC@ƕHƕ7CwACF5@9G h @5 D5ƕL 9H @5 @IAƕɚF9 89G H56@95IL A5HƕGGƕ9BGj @5 GƕAD@ƕ7ƕHȳ 9H @9 G9BG 8I D5HFƕCHƕGA9 8I GC@85H F5EI9 $CIFH5BHj 89 @5 AȼA9 A5w BƕɚF9 EI9 7<9N $CB;9j 85BG @9G 5BBȳ9G 8‹5DFɚGw;I9FF9j @5 u :F5B7ƕHȳ t 89 F5EI9 9GH 6ƕ9B 8‹56CF8 IB ACHƕ: 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 EIƕ 5 DI 6ȳBȳ:ƕ7ƕ9Fj 7CAA9 @9 :5ƕH F9A5FEI9F Ȇ ƖIGH9 HƕHF9 9FB5F8 +CIƕ@@CILV]j 8‹IB 7CBH9LH9 DC@ƕHƕEI9 DCIF G9 8ȳJ9@CDD9Fj 89 AȼA9 7<9N $5I@<5B 79G J5@9IFG GCBH FȳƕBG7FƕH9G Ȇ @‹ƕBHȳFƕ9IF 8‹IB DFCƖ9H 7FƕHƕEI9 GƕB;I@ƕ9F

V] +CIƕ@@CILj (? 4CE 78 =4 9ƕ:FC8 C4?6ƕD #@?:8 74?D =Š4E8=ƕ8C 7F A8ƕ?EC8j $F9GG9G )BƕJ9FGƕw H5ƕF9G 8I '9DH9BHFƕCBj U]]\j D UUY

(15)

!5ƕGj HCIH 8‹56CF8j @9 89GHƕB5H5ƕF9 ƕBH9BHƕCBB9@ x GƕBCB Fȳ9@ x 89 C4BF8 =8 A4v

EC@? B‹9GH D5G @9 DI6@ƕ7 7I@HƕJȳj 8ȳƖȆ 7CBJ9FHƕ Ȇ @‹5FH AC89FB9j 79H 5FH 8CBH CIF8ƕ9I

ACBHF9 @9 75F57HɚF9 ȳ@ƕHƕGH9 I 7CBHF5ƕF9j $5I@<5B G‹58F9GG9 Ȇ IB DI6@ƕ7 6ƕ9B D@IG AC89GH9j 9L7@I ƖIGH9A9BH 89 9H D5F @‹5FH 89 GCB Gƕɚ7@9 u F5EI9 @9 D5HFCB tj 7‹9GHj HCIH9 Fȳ:ȳF9B79 Ȇ $ƕ75GGC AƕG9 Ȇ D5FHj @9 :ƕ@G 8‹CIJFƕ9F zD9ƕBHF9 9B 6ǨHƕA9BH{ 89w J9BI GCB DFCDF9 A5ʜHF9W^ '‹ƕ@ M 5 6ƕ9B IB9 JC@CBHȳ 7@5ƕF9A9BH 5::ƕ7<ȳ9 89 F9B8F9 <CAA5;9 Ȇ F5EI9j @9 8ƕG7CIFG B9 DFC7ɚ89 D5G 85BG @9G H9FA9G 8‹IB9 7FƕHƕEI9 5Fw HƕGHƕEI9 HF58ƕHƕCBB9@@9 x BI@ DG9I8C 8ƕG7CIFG 89 G5JCƕF 8ƕGGƕAI@5BH 89G D5FHƕwDFƕGx j A5ƕG CDɚF9j Ȇ 8ȳ7CIJ9FHj IB9 7CBJ9FGƕCB 89G J5@9IFG 9GH<ȳHƕEI9G 9B J5@9IFG ȳH<ƕEI9G 58AƕG9G D5F 79 DI6@ƕ7 DCDI@5ƕF9 9 F5EI9 89 $5I@<5B G9F5 HFɚG D9I H<ȳCFƕ7ƕ9Bj DF9GEI9 5BHƕwƕBH9@@97HI9@j F9:IG5BH HCIH 8ƕG7CIFG 56GHF5ƕH h u 9G ƕ8ȳ9Gj DCIF F5EI9j 79 B‹9GH D5G IB 7CAD@ƕA9BH %I5B8 @9G ;9BG 8ƕG9BH 8‹IB D9ƕBHF9 EI‹ƕ@ 9GH ƕBH9@@ƕ;9BHj Aȳ:ƕ5B79WU t #I 5FHƕG5Bj 9BHF9H9B5BH IB F5DDCFH HFɚG D<MGƕEI9 Ȇ G9G HCƕ@9G k Ɩ5F8ƕw Bƕ9F CI ȳ@9J9IF h u @ F9HCI7<9 @ ȳACB89 CAA9 IB Ɩ5F8ƕBƕ9F 9BHF9 G9G D@5BH9G #I 7CAA9 IB ȳ@9J9IF 9BHF9 G9G 6ȼH9G |} t zWY{ F5EI9 @9 D5MG5B DCFH9 G9G HCƕ@9G 85BG @9G 7<5ADG DCIF @9G 5::FCBH9F 5IL C6Ɩ9HG Fȳ9@G @ G9 A9GIF9 5IGGƕ 5IL ;@CƕF9G GDCFHƕJ9G B5HƕCB5@9G 5 7CIHIFƕɚF9 89 G5 :9AA9 @Iƕ 8ƕH u +CHF9 A5Fƕ BCIG 5 J9Bw ;ȳG 89 9F85B t z\[{ !5ƕG 7‹9GH G5BG 8CIH9 @9 GC@85Hj 7CAA9 :ƕ;IF9 7C@@97HƕJ9 EIƕ 7CBGHƕHI9 @9 7@CI 89 79 HCIF 89 F5B79 89G AȳHƕ9FG h $5I@<5B BCIG :5ƕH JCƕF F5EI9 6@9GGȳ Ȇ @5 HȼH9 85BG IB <́DƕH5@ Aƕ@ƕH5ƕF9 9H F5EI9 9H $ƕ75GGC 7<5F;ȳG 89 75ACI:@9F @9G 75BCBG :F5B¡5ƕG zVY{

#B DCIFF5ƕH :57ƕ@9A9BH @ƕF9 85BG 79HH9 CFƕ9BH5HƕCB 8I 8ƕG7CIFG IB 9L9F7ƕ79 89 Gȳ8I7HƕCB 8ȳA5;C;ƕEI9j D@5ƕG5BH 5I 89A9IF5BHj CΛ 7<57IB z@9 D9ƕBHF9 GCFHƕ 89 GCB ;<9HHC 5J5BHw;5F8ƕGH9j @‹ȳ7FƕJ5ƕB 9H AȼA9 @9 D5IJF9 @97H9IF 7CBEIƕG D5F @5 J9FJ9 8I A5ʜHF9{ HFCIJ9 GCB 7CADH9 !5ƕG 79 B9 G9F5ƕH D5G F9B8F9 ƖIGHƕ79 5I H9LH9 EI9 89 @9 ƖI;9F 7CAA9 H9BH5HƕJ9 8‹ƕADCG9F 7CAA9 JȳFƕHȳGj D5F 89G GHF5Hȳ;ƕ9G F<ȳHCw FƕEI9Gj @9G BCFA9G 8‹IB9 ȳ@ƕH9j CI 6ƕ9B Ȇ @‹ƕBJ9FG9 89 :5ƕF9 89 F5EI9 IB 5FHƕGH9 DCDI@5ƕF9 CI 6CIF;9CƕGj 79 EIƕ 5IF5ƕH DCIF 7CBGȳEI9B79 89 8ƕGEI5@ƕ:ƕ9F @9 D9ƕBHF9 9B H5BH EI‹5FHƕGH9 8‹5J5BHw;5F89j 9H $5I@<5B @IƕwAȼA9 9B H5BH EI‹ȳ7FƕJ5ƕB 75D56@9 89 7CADF9B8F9 9H 8ȳ:9B8F9 9::ƕ7579A9BH @‹5FH AC89FB9 'ƕ @9G ƕA5;9G 89 F5EI9j 9B :9FAƕ9Fj 6CL9IF CI D5HFƕCH9j GCBH 89GHƕBȳ9G Ȇ 5HHƕF9F @‹5HH9BHƕCB 8‹IB @5F;9 DIw 6@ƕ7j 9@@9G D5FHƕ7ƕD9BH 9B AȼA9 H9ADG Ȇ F98ȳ:ƕBƕF G5 D@579 DCIF @‹ȳ@ƕH9j 75F 9@@9G 7CB:ƕFA9BH @9 75F57HɚF9 D<MGƕEI9 9H 6FIH 89 G9G HCƕ@9Gj 9B DFƕG9 5J97 @5 A5HȳFƕ5@ƕHȳ 9H @5 Fȳ5@ƕHȳ 8I ACB89j G9@CB IB GMGHɚA9 89 J5@9IFG 9GH<ȳHƕEI9G BCIJ9@@9G EIƕ 9GH 9B HF5ƕB 89 G‹ƕADCG9F h @‹5FH 7CAA9 u D5FHƕ DFƕG 89G 7<CG9G t x $5I@<5B @IƕwAȼA9

W^ 5BG 79HH9 D9FGD97HƕJ9j @5 FƕJ5@ƕHȳ 5J97 $ƕ75GGC D5GG9 5I G97CB8 D@5B k 79@Iƕw7ƕ B‹9GH Ɩ5A5ƕG A9BHƕCBBȳ 9B A5IJ5ƕG9 D5FHj A5ƕG 5I 7CBHF5ƕF9 7CAA9 @‹5Aƕ 89 F5EI9 9 DI6@ƕ7 5J9FHƕ G5IF5 Bȳ5BACƕBG F97CBB5ʜHF9 EI9@EI9G F9J9B8ƕ75HƕCBGj BCH5AA9BH @5 DFȳG9BH5HƕCB 89 F5EI9 9B ƕBJ9BH9IF 89G 7C@@5;9G

WU $5I@<5Bj C4BF8 =8 A4EC@?j 5@@ƕA5F8j U]YVj D W\

(16)

9AD@Cƕ9 @5 :CFAI@9WV 579 Ȇ @5 8ƕGD5FƕHƕCB 89 @5 F9GG9A6@5B79 :ƕ;IF5HƕJ9 7@5GGƕEI9j @5 F9@5HƕCB 89 @‹5FH 5I ACB89 9H 5IL <CAA9G EIƕ M JƕJ9BH 9GH Ȇ F9:CFAI@9F <5w 7IB9 89 79G ƕA5;9G :CB7HƕCBB9 8CB7 GIF 89IL D@5BGj G9@CB @9G 89IL CFƕ9BH5HƕCBG DCGGƕ6@9G 8I H9LH9 5BG 79 75Gj @9G J5@9IFG ACF5@9G EIƕ G9FJ9BH 89 GI6GHƕHIH 5IL J5@9IFG 9GH<ȳHƕEI9G B9 GCBH D5G DIF9A9BH 7ƕF7CBGH5B7ƕ9@@9G h @‹5DD9@ Ȇ 89 BCIJ95IL <ȳFCG DCIF @5 B5HƕCB @@9G B9 GCBH D5G @Ȇ BCB D@IG DCIF HFCAD9F 9H ƕADCG9F GI6F9Dw Hƕ79A9BH 89G J5@9IFG 9GH<ȳHƕEI9G x @5 ;F5B89IF 89 F5EI9 xj A5ƕG HȳACƕ;B9BH 8I :5ƕH EI9 @5 FȳIGGƕH9 89 @‹C9IJF9 8‹5FH D5GG9 D5F G5 75D57ƕHȳ Ȇ ȳ7<5DD9F Ȇ @5 GD<ɚF9 DIF9A9BH 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 9 8ƕG7CIFG GIF @‹5FH H9@ EI9 @9 DF5HƕEI9 $5I@<5B DF9B8 G9BG 85BG @5 D9FGD97HƕJ9 89 79HH9 BCIJ9@@9 7CB79DHƕCB 89 @‹5FH EIƕ 9GHj A5@;Fȳ @‹ȳJC@IHƕCB 89G DF5HƕEI9G 5FHƕGHƕEI9Gj 9B7CF9 @5 B́HF9 5IƖCIF8‹<Iƕ

!5ƕGj D@IG ƕADCFH5BH 9B7CF9j 79 D9HƕH 9GG5ƕ BCIG ACBHF9 EI‹ƕ@ 9GH DCGGƕ6@9 89 H9Bw H9F 89 D9FGI589F 89 @5 J5@9IF 8‹IB9 PIJF9 CI 8‹IB 5FHƕGH9 9B ȳJƕH5BH @9G Dƕɚ;9G 89 79 HMD9 89 8ƕG7CIFG 5Fj Gƕj 85BG @9 8ƕ5@C;I9 EIƕ @5B79 @9 DF9Aƕ9F 89G 7<5DƕHF9Gj $5I@w <5B GCIHƕ9BH Ȇ GCB Aȳ897ƕB x :ƕ;IF9 GMA6C@ƕEI9 8I 6CIF;9CƕG 5A5H9IF 89 H56@95IL 9H EIƕ B9 7CADF9B8 Fƕ9B Ȇ @‹5FH AC89FB9 x EI‹5ƕA9F CI BCB @9G HCƕ@9G 89 F5EI9 B9 D9IH G9 ƖIGHƕ:ƕ9F D5F @5 GƕAD@9 Fȳ57HƕCB GI6Ɩ97HƕJ9 GDCBH5Bȳ9 zU^{j 79 B‹9GH D5G DCIF ƕBJCEI9Fj 7CAA9 @9 GCIHƕ9BH 9B7CF9 5ɑH5B $ƕ7CB 85BG @9G AȼA9G 5BBȳ9Gj IB9 7CADȳH9B79 8I ;CΆH EIƕ 5DD9@@9F5ƕH IB9 ȳ8I75HƕCBWW $5I@<5B B9 7<9F7<9 D5G Ȇ :CFA9F 89G u 7CBB5ƕGG9IFG t ‹ȳ@C;9 89 F5EI9 B9 D5GG9F5 D5G D5F @5 DFƕG9 89 DCIw JCƕF 8‹IB GDȳ7ƕ5@ƕGH9 $CIFH5BHj 9B GI6GHƕHI5BH Ȇ IB 8ƕG7CIFG 8‹ȳ8I75HƕCBj :CB8ȳ GIF @9 8ȳD@Cƕ9A9BH 89 7CBB5ƕGG5B79Gj IB 8ƕG7CIFG 89 Gȳ8I7HƕCBj 5FHƕ7I@ȳ GIF IB FȳG95I 89 J5@9IFG ȳH<ƕEI9Gj $5I@<5B B9 G‹ȳ;5F9 D5G 9B 95IL HFCI6@9Gj 6ƕ9B 5I 7CBHF5ƕF9 9 6IH 8I 8ƕG7CIFG 9GH 89 7Fȳ9F BCB IB u 9B GCƕ t 89 @5 J5@9IFj A5ƕG IB u DCIF ACƕ t Ȇ @‹ƕBH9BHƕCB 89 79ILj BCA6F9ILj EIƕ 8ƕG9BH h u F5EI9 79 B‹9GH D5G DCIF ACƕ t 'ƕj DCIF ACƕj @5 GƕAD@ƕ7ƕHȳ 9GH IB9 J5@9IFj 5@CFGj @5 D9ƕBHIF9 89 F5EI9j DCIF ACƕj 5IF5 89 @5 J5@9IF 5BG @9 75G 7CBHF5ƕF9j Ɩ9 GIƕG @ƕ6F9 89 7CBHƕBI9F Ȇ 8ƕF9 h u F5EI9 79 B‹9GH D5G ACB ;9BF9 t  DFCDF9A9BH D5F@9Fj ƕ@ B‹M 5 D5Gj 7<9N $5I@<5Bj 89 u F5ƕGCB 9GH<ȳHƕEI9 tj 5I G9BG CΛ @‹9BH9B89BH @9G D<ƕ@CGCD<9Gj A5ƕG ƕ@ M 5 6ƕ9B IB9 6@>v

>F?ƕ64Eƕ@? 8DE;ȳEƕBF8i 8CBH @9 @5B;5;9 9GH DFȳ7ƕGȳA9BH 79@Iƕ 89G J5@9IFGj 9H EIƕ

G9 FȳGIA9 Ȇ 94ƕC8 4ƕ>8Ci 5J97 HCIH 79 EI9 79HH9 :CFAI@9j EIƕ D@579 8ȳ@ƕ6ȳFȳA9BH @‹4ƕ>8C 85BG @‹9GD579 8I D5FH5;9 9H 89 @‹ƕBH9FGI6Ɩ97HƕJƕHȳj D9IH 5JCƕF 89 D5F58CL5@ 9Hj DCIF 79FH5ƕBGj 8‹ƕBG9BGȳ H 7‹9GH 5ƕBGƕ EI9 @‹CB D9IH 5DDFȳ7ƕ9Fj :ƕB5@9A9BHj @5 J5w @9IF 89G J5@9IFGj @5 J5@9IF 89 79HH9 7CAAIBƕ75HƕCBj EIƕ B‹9GH D5G 79@@9 8‹IB G5JCƕF ƕAD9FGCBB9@ CAAIB9G 9H ƕBH9FGI6Ɩ97HƕJ9Gj @9G J5@9IFG B‹CBH 79D9B85BH 89 G9BG EI‹9B Fȳ:ȳF9B79 Ȇ IB9 GI6Ɩ97HƕJƕHȳ 9 EI9 7CAAIBƕEI9 $5I@<5Bj 7‹9GH 8CB7 IB9 ƕBJƕH5HƕCB Ȇ 8CBB9F 89 @5 J5@9IF zȆ F5EI9{j ƕBJƕH5HƕCB 8‹5IH5BH D@IG 5HHƕF5BH9 EI9 $5I@<5B ƕBJCEI9 89G J5@9IFG 8ȳƖȆ 7<ɚF9G Ȇ GCB @97H9IF 5 Gȳ8I7HƕCB B9 D5GG9 D5G

WV H @5 ACB8ȳƕHȳ 89 @5 D9ƕBHIF9j 7CBHF9 @5 HF5BG79B85B79 WW  $ƕ7CBj ŠȲ6CƕG4ƕ? 8E D@? @>5C8j 5@@ƕA5F8j U]YW

(17)

D5F @‹ƕADCGHIF9 89 @5 u G7ƕ9B79 t 9H @5 :CF79 8‹ƕBHƕAƕ85HƕCB 9H 89 F9GD97H EIƕ @‹57w 7CAD5;B9j A5ƕG D5F 79 8ƕG7CIFG 89 J5@9IF EIƕ B‹ƕBH9F8ƕH Ɩ5A5ƕG @5 DFƕG9 89 DCGƕHƕCB GI6Ɩ97HƕJ9j A5ƕG 5I 7CBHF5ƕF9 @5 GIG7ƕH9

@ B9 G‹5;ƕH D5G 9B 8ȳ:ƕBƕHƕJ9 89 Bƕ9F EI9 @9G J5@9IFG 9GH<ȳHƕEI9G 9B H5BH EI‹ƕBGw HFIA9BHG 89 D5FH5;9 9H 89 D5GG5;9 :@CHH5BHG 9H ƕBGH56@9G GCƕ9BH GIG79DHƕ6@9G 89 G9FJƕF HCIH9G GCFH9G 89 A5BƕDI@5HƕCBG !5ƕG G‹ƕ@ M 5 8CB7 6ƕ9B HCIƖCIFG IB FƕGEI9 Ȇ D5F@9F 89 @‹5FH 9B H9FA9G 89 J5@9IFGj 79 B‹9GH D9IHwȼHF9 D5G H5BH 9B F5ƕGCB 89 @9IF 75F57HɚF9 ACB85ƕB 9H 5779GGCƕF9 CI 6ƕ9B Bȳ79GG5ƕF9A9BH :5@@57ƕ9ILj EI‹9B F5ƕGCB 89 @‹<56ƕ@9Hȳ 9H 89 @5 Fƕ;I9IF ƕBH9@@97HI9@@9G EI‹9Lƕ;9 @9IF A5Bƕ9A9BH $5I@<5B @9 D5HFCB A5ʜHFƕG9 @9 85B;9F9IL ƕAD9BGȳ 89G J5@9IFG 9B 9LDCG5BH @9 7ƕF7IƕH 7CAD@ƕEIȳ 89 @9IFG ƕBH9Fw J9BHƕCBG 9H AȳH5ACFD<CG9G $9BG9F =4 J5@9IF 9B 5FHj 7‹9GHwȆw8ƕF9 D9BG9F @‹5FH 85BG G5 F9@5HƕCB 5IL J5@9IFGj GIDDCG9 @9 8ƕ::ƕ7ƕ@9 9L9F7ƕ79 8‹IB9 JƕGƕCB GƕB;I@ƕɚF9A9BH ȳ@5F;ƕ9 Ȇ HCIG @9G H9FFƕHCƕF9G 89 @‹<IA5ƕB

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to