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LES DIX LOIS DE LA GÉOPOLITIQUE DE LA DÉMOGRAPHIE [The ten laws of geopolitical demography]

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HAL Id: halshs-00827795

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Submitted on 29 May 2013

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LES DIX LOIS DE LA GÉOPOLITIQUE DE LA

DÉMOGRAPHIE [The ten laws of geopolitical

demography]

Gérard-François Dumont

To cite this version:

Gérard-François Dumont. LES DIX LOIS DE LA GÉOPOLITIQUE DE LA DÉMOGRAPHIE [The

ten laws of geopolitical demography]. Diplomatie : affaires stratégiques et relations internationales,

Areion Group, 2010, pp.46-49. �halshs-00827795�

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ORIGINE ET DESTINATION DES MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAUX (CIRCA 2000)

1,07

Sources : HDR 2009, données fondées sur la base de données Migration DRC (2007).

Indice de développement humain, 2007

Très élevé Élevé Moyen Faible

La taille des pays est proportionnelle à la population en 2007.

Europe Afrique 0,01 0,02 0,31 0,25 0,13 0,08 0,75 0,35 0,30 19,72 1,33 1,34 15,69 0,35 0,06 2,44 0,14 0,73 13,18 35,49 1,29 0,53 8,53 9,57 8,22 1,65 0,22 7,25 3,13 1,30 3.54 31,52 0,84 3,1 1,24

Nombre de migrants (en millions) Régions

Amérique du Nord Europe Océanie Amérique latine et Caraïbes Asie Afrique Migration intrarégionale Océanie Asie Amérique latine et Caraïbes Amérique du Nord

).

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