• Aucun résultat trouvé

Guaranteed bounded-error parameter estimation for nonlinear models with uncertain experimental factors

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Guaranteed bounded-error parameter estimation for nonlinear models with uncertain experimental factors"

Copied!
30
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: hal-00844547

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00844547

Submitted on 15 Jul 2013

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access

archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Guaranteed bounded-error parameter estimation for

nonlinear models with uncertain experimental factors

Luc Jaulin, Eric Walter

To cite this version:

Luc Jaulin, Eric Walter. Guaranteed bounded-error parameter estimation for nonlinear models with uncertain experimental factors. Automatica, Elsevier, 1999, 35 (5), pp.849-856. �hal-00844547�

(2)

!"#$#%&''( )#$#*'&'$ +,"%(-%. /,$ 0,%1-%'#$

2,('13 4-&5 6%7'$&#-% 89:'$-*'%&#1 ;#7&,$3

<= >#"1-%

#%( 8= ?#1&'$

(3)

!"# $%&'(G +,"%('(H'$$,$ '3&-*#&-,%I '$$,$3H-%HJ#$-#A1'3I '3&-*#&-,% &5',$KI ."#$H #%&''( '3&-*#&-,%I -('%&-L7#&-,% #1.,$-&5*3I -%&'$J#1 #%#1K3-3I %,%1-%'#$ '3&-*#&-,%I 3'& -%J'$3-,%=

M%K 7,$$'3:,%('%7' $'.#$(-%. &5-3 :#:'$ 35,"1( A' 3'%& &, 8$-7 ?#1&'$D <#A,$#&,-$' ('3 N-.%#"9 '& NK3&O*'3D N":P1'7D )1#&'#" (' 2,"1,%D EBBEQ !-/H3"$HRJ'&&' S'('9D ;TM0S8=

)5,%'G UVVW B XE FY BZ QB ;#9G UVVW B XE CB V[ X[ 8*#-1G 4#1&'$\133=3":'1'7=/$

)*++"(,"' &*--.-+ ,.,/"G )#$#*'&'$ +,"%(-%. 4-&5 6%7'$&#-% ;#7&,$3

01

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`& -3 7"3&,*#$K &, #33"*' &5#& &5' '$$,$3 A'&4''% &5' *,('1 ,"&:"& #%( ,"&:"& (#&# 35,"1( 1-' A'&4''% 3,*' a%,4% :$-,$ A,"%(3 #%( &, &$K &, 75#$#7&'$-^' &5' 3'& ,/ #11 J#1"'3 ,/ &5' :#$#*'&'$ J'7&,$ &5#& #$' 7,%3-3&'%& 4-&5 &5-3 5K:,&5'3-3= 2,3& ,/&'%D %, ,&5'$ &K:' ,/ '$$,$ -3 &#a'% -%&, #77,"%&D 4-&5 &5' %,&#A1' '97':&-,% ,/ &5'

(4)

'$$,$3H-%HJ#$-#A1'3 #::$,#75D *,3&1K ('J'1,:'( -% &5' 7,%&'9& ,/ 1-%'#$ '3&-*#&-,%D 45'$' #11 7,*:,%'%&3 ,/ &5' $'.$'33,$ J'7&,$ #$' #33"*'( &, A' "%7'$&#-%= `% &5-3 :#:'$D 4' ('#1 4-&5 *,('13 45,3' ,"&:"& *#K A' %,%1-%'#$ -% &5'-$ :#$#*'&'$3= `& -3 #33"*'( &5#& &5' /#7&,$3 75#$#7&'$-^-%. &5' '9:'$-*'%&#1 7,%(-&-,%3 "%('$ 45-75 &5' ,"&:"& (#&# 5#J' A''% 7,11'7&'( #$' "%7'$&#-%D #%( &5#& :$-,$ A,"%(3 #$' #J#-1#A1' ,% &5'-$ :,33-A1' J#1"'3= b5' 3-*:1'3& '9#*:1' ,/ 3"75 # 3-&"#&-,% -3 45'% &5' *,('1 ,"&:"& (':'%(3 ,% &-*' #%( '#75 *'#3"$'*'%& &-*' ! -3 ,%1K #33"*'( &, A'1,%. &, 3,*' a%,4% -%&'$J#1 " D A"& &5' 3#*' #::$,#75 #::1-'3 -/ &5' *'#3"$'*'%&3 (':'%( ,% # 3:#7' J#$-#A1' ,$ ,% J#1"'3 ,/ 3,*' -%:"& /#7&,$3= <'& ! ! ! A' &5' J'7&,$ ,/ #11 '9:'$-*'%&#1 /#7&,$3 ,% 45-75 &5' 7,11'7&'( ,"&:"& (#&# (':'%(= @"$ #-* -3 &, &#a' -%&, #77,"%& "%7'$&#-%&K #A,"& &5' J#1"'3 &#a'% AK ! #%( &, 75#$#7&'$-^' &5' 3'& ,/ #11 J#1"'3 ,/ &5' :#$#*'&'$ J'7&,$ " ! ! &5#& #$' 7,%3-3&'%& 4-&5 &5' #J#-1#A1' -%/,$*#&-,%= b5-3 4-11 A' :'$/,$*'( -% # .1,A#1 #%( ."#$#%&''( 4#K AK '*:1,K-%. &5' #1.,$-&5* N`c`M UN'& `%J'$&'$ c-# `%&'$J#1 M%#1K3-3W -%&$,("7'( -% U>#"1-% #%( ?#1&'$D BEEV#D BEEVAW= `% &5' 7,%&'9& ,/ "%7'$&#-% '9:'$-*'%&#1 /#7&,$3D :$,J-%. &5#& # .-J'% A,9 -% :#$#*'&'$ 3:#7' -3 -%3-(' ,$ ,"&3-(' &5' 3,1"&-,% 3'& U# &#3a &5#& -3 #& &5' 7,$' ,/ N`c`MW 4-11 $'_"-$' 3:'7-L7 ('J'1,:*'%&3= b5' :#:'$ -3 ,$.#%-^'( #3 /,11,43= b5' %'9& 3'7&-,% 3&#&'3 &5' :$,A1'* &, A' 7,%3-('$'( -% *#&5'*#&-7#1 &'$*3= M %'4 J'$3-,% ,/ N`c`M #(#:&'( &, &5' :$'3'%& 7,%&'9& -3 ('37$-A'( -% N'7&-,% V= `& -%J,1J'3 &4, $,"&-%'3 `0N`]8 #%( @6bN`]8D 45-75 #$' A#3'( ,% &,,13 A$-'dK :$'3'%&'( -% N'7&-,% C= b5' 7,%J'$.'%7' ,/ &5' #1.,$-&5* -3 #%#1K^'( -% N'7&-,% Y A'/,$' $':,$&-%. &5' $'3"1&3 ,A&#-%'( ,% # &'3& 7#3' -% N'7&-,% X=

(5)

41 5&%6/"7 (,8,"7"-,

b5' *,('1 &, A' 7,%3-('$'( -3 3,*' #1.,$-&5* &, 7,*:"&' &5' *,('1 ,"&:"& # ! ! #3 # /"%7&-,% ,/ " #%( != ?' #33"*' &5#& &5' # H(-*'%3-,%#1 :#$#*'&'$ J'7&,$ " -3 7,%3-3&'%& 4-&5 &5' (#&# 7,11'7&'( ("$-%. &5' $&5 '1'*'%&#$K '9:'$-*'%& U$ ! "% &&&% 'W -/ #%( ,%1K -/ # #"% !$ A'1,%.3 &, " /,$ 3,*' ! -% # D 45'$' " #%( # #$' a%,4% 3'&3= " #%( # $'3:'7&-J'1K 75#$#7&'$-^' &5' "%7'$&#-%&K #A,"& &5' $&5 ,"&:"& (#&# #%( #33,7-#&'( '9:'$-*'%&#1 /#7&,$3I &5'K *#K A' ('$-J'( /$,* :,-%& *'#3"$'*'%&3 #%( A,"%(3 ,% &5' #77':&#A1' '$$,$3 ,% &5'3' *'#3"$'*'%&3= +,"%('(H'$$,$ '3&-*#&-,% &5'% #-*3 #& 75#$#7&'$-^-%. &5' '()$!*+(* ,!%)+-&! )!$ $D ('L%'( #3 &5' 3'& ,/ #11 "e3 7,%3-3&'%& 4-&5 #11 (#&# #%( .-J'% AK

$ ! %" ! ! & '$ ! %"% &&&% '(% )! ! # & # #"% !$ ! " (& UQ=BW

S5#$#7&'$-^-%. $ 7#% A' 7#3& -%&, &5' /$#*'4,$a ,/ !**(*).+/.0%*+%-&! '3&-*#&-,%D &, 45-75 $'1#&-J'1K 1-&&1' #&&'%&-,% 5#3 A''% :#-( -% &5' 1-&'$#&"$' #A,"& :#$#*'&'$ A,"%(-%.= ?5'% &5' *,('1 ,"&:"& -3 1-%'#$ -% "D -& 7#% A' 4$-&&'% #3

# #"% !$ ! $#!$"% UQ=QW

45'$' &5' *#&$-9 ,/ $'.$'33,$3 $#!$ -3 -%(':'%('%& ,/ "= `/D *,$',J'$D # -3 37#1#$ #%( $#!$ ! ! D -='=D '#75 7,*:,%'%& ,/ &5' $'.$'33,$ J'7&,$ 7,$$'3:,%(3 &, #% "%7'$&#-% '9:'$-*'%&#1 /#7&,$D &5'%

( #"% !$ ! ! "% UQ=VW

#%( &5' :$,A1'* ,/ 75#$#7&'$-^-%. $ 7#% A' 3,1J'( '9#7&1K 4-&5 &5' &'75%-_"' ('H 37$-A'( -% US'$,%'D BEEBD BEEXW= 811-:3,-(#1 ,"&'$ #::$,9-*#&-,%3 ,/ &5-3 3'& 7#% #13,

(6)

A' 7,*:"&'(D 3''D !"#"D U0,$&,%D BEFZI S1P*'%& #%( !'%&-1D BEE[I )$,%^#&, #%( ?#1H &'$D BEECI c'$'3 #%( 0,$&,%D BEEXW= ?5'% &5' '$$,$3 ,% &5' 7,*:,%'%&3 ,/ &5' $'.$'33,$ J'7&,$ #$' %, 1,%.'$ -%(':'%('%&D /,$ -%3&#%7' 45'% ('#1-%. 4-&5 ,"&:"& '$$,$ *,('13 4-&5 #% #"&,$'.$'33-J' :#$&D &5' 3#*' #::$,#75 1'#(3 &, &5' 7,%3&$"7H &-,% ,/ 3'&3 &5#& 7#% ,%1K A' ."#$#%&''( &, 7,%&#-% $= ?' 35#11 5'$' 7,%3-('$ &5' *,$' .'%'$#1 3-&"#&-,% 45'$' # #"% !$ *#K A' %,%1-%'#$ -% " #%( != b, &5' A'3& ,/ ,"$ a%,41'(.'D -& -3 &5' L$3& #&&'*:& &, :$,J-(' ."#$#%&''( #%( #77"$#&' $'3"1&3 -% 3"75 # %,%1-%'#$ 7,%&'9&= U83&-*#&-%. :#$#*'&'$3 -% %,%1-%'#$ *,('13 4-&5 '$$,$3 -% J#$-#A1'3 5#3 A''% 7,%3-('$'( -% &5' 7,%&'9& ,/ 1'#3& 3_"#$'3 /,$ *#%K K'#$3D 3''D !"#"D UN754'&1-7a #%( b-11'$D BEFYWD A"& &5' $'3"1&3 #$' ,A&#-%'( AK 1,7#1 *'&5,(3 #%( &5"3 %,& ."#$#%&''(=W ;,$ &5' 3#a' ,/ 3-*:1-7-&KD 4' 35#11 #33"*' &5#& U-W &5'$' -3 ,%1K ,%' '9:'$-*'%&#1 /#7&,$D 45-75 4' 35#11 ('%,&' AK ! #%( 7#11 &-*'D #1&5,".5 -& *#K 5#J' 3,*' ,&5'$ *'#%-%.I U--W &5' 3K3&'* &, A' 7,%3-('$'( 5#3 ,%1K ,%' 37#1#$ ,"&:"& #& #%K .-J'% &-*'I U---W &5' /'#3-A1' 3'&3 # #%( " #$' -%&'$J#13D ('%,&'( AK " #%( ) % #%( U-JW &5' *,('1 ,"&:"& ( #"% !$ -3 7,%&-%","3 -% " #%( != b5' ."#$#%&''( 75#$#7&'$-^#&-,% ,/ $D %,4 ('L%'( AK

$ ! %" & '$ ! %"% &&&% '(% )! ! " & ( #"% !$ ! ) (% UQ=CW

$'*#-%3 # %,%&$-J-#1 :$,A1'* 3-%7' ('7-(-%. 45'&5'$ # .-J'% J'7&,$ " A'1,%.3 &,$ -3 #1$'#(K 7,*:1-7#&'(= ]'L%' &5' +&5 !**(* ,1/2$+(/ AK

* #"% !$ ! ( #"% !$ * 7'%&'$#) $% ! ! " & UQ=YW

`/ * ('%,&'3 &5' $#(-"3 ,/ ) D &5' :,3&'$-,$ /'#3-A1' 3'& 7#% #13, A' ('L%'( AK

$ ! %" & '$ ! %"% &&&% '(% )! ! " 3"75 &5#& &* #"% !$& + * (& UQ=XW

(7)

M3 #% -11"3&$#&-J' &'3& 7#3'D 7,%3-('$ #% '3&-*#&-,% :$,A1'* ('$-J'( /$,* U2-1#%'3' #%( c-7-%,D BEEBW #%( U>#"1-% #%( ?#1&'$D BEEVAW= b#A1' B .-J'3 &'% :#-$3 #" % ) $ ,/ /'#3-A1' -%&'$J#1 (#&#= `% U2-1#%'3' #%( c-7-%,D BEEBW #%( U>#"1-% #%( ?#1&'$D BEEVAWD &5' *'#3"$'*'%& &-*'3 4'$' #33"*'( &, A' a%,4% '9#7&1K= `% 7,%&$#3&D -& -3 #33"*'( 5'$' &5#& '$$,$3 ,/ ": &, ," ,% &5' *'#3"$'*'%& &-*'3 *#K 5#J' &#a'% :1#7'=

3())+-&! &(2%$+(/ ,(* 4%-&! 5"

;-."$' B :$'3'%&3 &5' $'3"1&-%. (#&#= !$#K A,9'3 -%(-7#&' &5' "%7'$&#-%&-'3 #33,7-#&'( 4-&5 '#75 :#-$ ,/ ,"&:"& #%( &-*' (#&#=

3())+-&! &(2%$+(/ ,(* 6+#1*! 5"

b5' *,('1 ,"&:"& -3

( #"% !$ ! %& '()#*+ !$ * * '()#*+ !$& UQ=ZW

b5' 3'& $ &, A' 75#$#7&'$-^'( -3 &5' 3'& ,/ #11 J#1"'3 ,/ " ! #+ % + $ 3"75 &5#& &5-3 *,('1 ,"&:"& .,'3 &5$,".5 #11 &'% A,9'3 ,/ ;-."$' B= b$'#&*'%& ,/ &5-3 &'3& 7#3' -3 ('/'$$'( &, N'7&-,% X=

91 )", .-:"&,"&

b5' #1.,$-&5* N`c`M :$'3'%&'( 5'$' -3 #(#:&'( /$,* U>#"1-% #%( ?#1&'$D BEEV#W &, #11,4 &5' "3' ,/ *,$' '1#A,$#&' 3"A$,"&-%'3 -% ,$('$ &, ('7-(' 45'&5'$ # .-J'% A,9 -3

(8)

-%71"('( -% ,$ '971"('( /$,* &5' /'#3-A1' $'.-,%D #3 $'_"-$'( AK &5' :$'3'%& 7,%&'9&= b, ('37$-A' -&D # /'4 ('L%-&-,%3 #$' %''('(= M -(7 ,$ 0!2$(* +/$!*0%& % ,/ ! -3 &5' S#$&'3-#% :$,("7& ,/ # 37#1#$ -%&'$J#13G

% !!, % , " - . . . - !, % , " ! - - . . . - - " UV=BW b5' 3'& ,/ #11 A,9'3 ,/ ! -3 ('%,&'( AK "! = `% &5' 3'_"'1D -%&'$J#13 #$' 4$-&&'% 4-&5 -&#1-7 "::'$H7#3' 1'&&'$3D A,9'3 4-&5 A,1( "::'$H7#3' 1'&&'$3D #%( J'7&,$3 4-&5 A,1( 1,4'$H7#3' 1'&&'$3= b5' 8+9$: .#%$ ,/ # A,9 ; -3 &5' 1'%.&5 ,/ -&3 1#$.'3& 3-('U3W= b, -+)!2$ # A,9 % *'#%3 &, 7"& -& #1,%. # 3K**'&$K :1#%' %,$*#1 &, # 3-(' ,/ *#9-*"* 1'%.&5= b5-3 .'%'$#&'3 &4, A,9'3 % #%( % 3"75 &5#& % ! % / % = M )$%2; (, -(7!) -3 # 1#3&H-%HL$3&H,"& 1-3& ,/ A,9'3= b5' :$-%7-:1' ,/ &5' #1.,$-&5* -3 &, :#$&-&-,% 3,*' :$-,$ A,9 ,/ -%&'$'3& U,$ :$-,$ /'#3-A1' 3'&W -%&, &5$'' 3'&3 ,/ %,%,J'$1#::-%. A,9'3D %#*'1K &5,3' &5#& 5#J' A''% :$,J'( &, A' -%71"('( -%$D &5,3' &5#& 5#J' A''% :$,J'( %,& &, -%&'$3'7& -& #%( &5,3' /,$ 45-75 %,&5-%. 7,"1( A' :$,J'( #%( &5#& #$' (''*'( 3*#11 '%,".5 %,& &, A' #%#1K^'( #%K /"$&5'$= M A#3-7 &,,1 /,$ &5-3 :"$:,3' -3 -%&'$J#1 #%#1K3-3D J'$K A$-'dK :$'3'%&'( -% N'7&-,% C=

N`c`M 7#113 &4, 3"A$,"&-%'3G `0N`]8D 45-75 #&&'*:&3 &, :$,J' &5#& A,9'3 A'1,%. &, $D #%( @6bN`]8D 45-75 #&&'*:&3 &, :$,J' &5#& A,9'3 5#J' # J,-( -%&'$3'7&-,% 4-&5 $= 6:,% 7,*:1'&-,%D N`c`M 5#3 .'%'$#&'( &4, 3"A:#J-%.3 U1-3&3 ,/ %,%,J'$1#::-%. A,9'3W= b5' L$3& ,%' $ #/$ 7,%&#-%3 #11 A,9'3 &5#& 5#J' A''% :$,J'( &, A'1,%. &, $D #%( &5' 3'7,%( ,%' +$#/$ #11 A,9'3 /,$ 45-75 %,&5-%. 7,"1( A' :$,J'(= +,&5 3"A:#J-%.3 (':'%( ,% # :,3-&-J' $'#1 / $':$'3'%&-%. &5' $'_"-$'( #77"$#7K ,/ &5' 75#$#7&'$-^#&-,%= b5'3' 3"A:#J-%.3 :$,J-(' &5' /,11,4-%. A$#7a'&-%. ,/ &5' 3,1"&-,% 3'&G

$ #/$ 0 $ 0 $ #/$ / +$#/$& UV=QW

(9)

b5' (':'%('%7K -% / 4-11 A' ,*-&&'( 45'%'J'$ :,33-A1'= N`c`M 7#% A' 3"**#$-^'( #3 /,11,43G

&'(')

`%:"&G :$-,$ A,9 ,/ -%&'$'3& * I $'_"-$'( #77"$#7K /, `%-&-#1-^#&-,%G 0!123 ! %* (, $ -! 1, +$ -! 1, T':'#&

6%3&#7a -%&, *,

`/ #`0N`]8U*W $'&"$%3 f* 0 $.$ D &5'% %$ -! $ / *(% '13' -/ @6bN`]8U*W $':,$&3 /#-1"$'D

`/ .#*$ 4 /D &5'% %A-3'7& *I 3&#7a &5' &4, $'3"1&-%. A,9'3(% '13' +$ -! +$ / *I

6%&-1 0!123 !1, @"&:"&G $ % +$=

b5' 3"A$,"&-%' `0N`]8 #-*3 #& :$,J-%. &5#& # A,9 * A'1,%.3 &, &5' :,3&'$-,$ /'#3-A1' 3'& $= `% ,"$ :$'3'%& 7,%&'9& ,/ "%7'$&#-% *'#3"$'*'%& &-*'3D `0N`]8 #&&'*:&3 &, L%( ' $'#13 ! ! " % $ ! %"% &&& % '( 3"75 &5#& ( #*% ! $ 0 ) = ;,$ # .-J'% *% &5' 3&$#&'.K 75,3'%D -11"3&$#&'( AK ;-."$' QD -3 &, &#a' ! #3 /! #7'%&'$#*$$D 45'$' /! #.$ -3 ('L%'( AK / ! #"$ ! #$. *-% ! ! " #* #"% !$$ & UV=VW 3())+-&! &(2%$+(/ (, 6+#1*! <"

M% -%&"-&-J' #%( :#$&-#1 g"3&-L7#&-,% /,$ &5-3 3&$#&'.K -3 #3 /,11,43G &5' 3*#11'$

(10)

#* #7'%&'$U*$% ! $$ -3D &5' *,$' 1-a'1K -& -3 &5#& &* #*% ! $& + * % ,$ '_"-J#1'%&1K &5#& ( #*% ! $ 0 ) % 4-11 A' 3#&-3L'(=

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

`0N`]8 $'_"-$'3 #% #1.,$-&5* /,$ 7,*:"&-%. /! #"$ -% # ."#$#%&''( 4#K #%( 3"h7-'%& 7,%(-&-,%3 &, :$,J' &5#&D /,$ # .-J'% A,9 * #%( # .-J'% $'#1 !D ( #*% !$ A'1,%.3 &, ) = ?' 35#11 3'' -% N'7&-,% C &5#& 3"75 #% #1.,$-&5* 7#% A' :$,J-('( AK -%&'$J#1 #%#1K3-3= `0N`]8 7#% A' 3"**#$-^'( #3 /,11,43G

'+&',-`%:"&G *,

;,$ $ -! " &, ' (,

S,*:"&' /! -! /! #7'%&'$U*W$ ,

`/ -& 7#% A' :$,J'( &5#& ( #*% /!$ 0 ) &5'% %'9& $% '13' $'&"$% Uf;#-1'(fWI

8%(;,$I

T'&"$% U.* 0 $.W=

b5' 3"A$,"&-%' @6bN`]8 #-*3 #& :$,J-%. &5#& # A,9 * (,'3 %,& -%&'$3'7& $= `%

(11)

,"$ :$'3'%& 7,%&'9& ,/ "%7'$&#-% *'#3"$'*'%& &-*'3D @6bN`]8 #&&'*:&3 &, &#a' #(J#%&#.' ,/ &5' /,11,4-%. -*:1-7#&-,%

) $ ! %"% &&&% '( & ( #*% " $ 2 ) ! 1 3 * 2 $ ! 1& UV=CW

`& 7#% A' 3"**#$-^'( #3 /,11,43G

./0&',-`%:"&G *,

;,$ $ -! " &, ' (,

N&': B 0!123 -! %" (, N&': Q 6%3&#7a -%&, " ,

N&': V `/ -& 7#% A' :$,J'( &5#& ( #*% " $ 2 ) ! 1D ., &, N&': XI N&': C `/ .#" $ 6 .#*$D %'9& $I

N&': Y +-3'7& " #%( 3&#7a &5' &4, $'3"1&-%. -%&'$J#13I N&': X `/ 7!123 4! 1D ., &, N&': QI

N&': Z T'&"$% f*2 $ ! 1fI 8%(;,$I

T'&"$% U.;#-1'(.W=

;,$ '#75 $ ! %"% &&&% '(D @6bN`]8 &$-'3 &, :#$&-&-,% " -%&, 3"A-%&'$J#13 3"75 &5#& ( #*% " $ 2 ) ! 1 /,$ #%K 3"A-%&'$J#1 " ,/ " = `/D /,$ #& 1'#3& ,%' $D @6bN`]8 3"77''(3D &5'% * 2 $ ! 1= M11 3"AH-%&'$J#13 ,/ " 3&-11 &, A' 3&"(-'( #$' 3&,$'( -% # 3&#7a= M& N&': VD @6bN`]8 "3'3 -%&'$J#1 #%#1K3-3D 3'' N'7&-,% CD &, :$,J' &5#& ( #*% " $ 2 ) ! 1= b5' &'3& #& N&': C -3 -%&$,("7'( &, #J,-( 3:1-&&-%. " %9 +/=/+$1> #%( &, -%&$,("7' 3,*' $'1#&-,% 4-&5 &5' 3:1-&&-%. :,1-7K /,11,4'( /,$ * AK N`c`M=

(12)

<"78&= 41 ?@A?BC '+5 ;D!A?BC "':( :,./+%'&#.* 9((+ <(8% $#38.( %, 0'-#.#E %'%( -,+:(&)(+-( '+'.*$#$1 !"(#& 8(&0,&3'+-( -'+ 9( #38&,:(5 9* '55#+) +(6 %($%$1 F,& #+$%'+-(4 #+ %"( /,$ .,,8 ,0 ;D!A?BC4 #0 ( #-(+%(&#*$% -(+%(&#" $$ ! ) 4 %"(+ ;D!A?BC 6#.. +(-($$'&#.* 0'#. %, 8&,:( %"'% ( #*% " $ 2 ) ! 11 G(%6((+ A%(8$ H '+5 I ,0 ;D!A?BC4 6( 3'* %"/$ '55 %"( 0,..,6#+) $%(8J

A%(8 H ?0 ( #-(+%(&#*$% -(+%(&#" $$ ! ) %"(+ +(K% $1

>1 2-,"&:8/ 8-8/#(.(

`%&'$J#1 #%#1K3-3 -3 # %"*'$-7#1 &,,1 ,$-.-%#11K ('J'1,:'( &, _"#%&-/K &5' 'i'7& ,/ L%-&'H:$'7-3-,% d,#&-%.H:,-%& #$-&5*'&-7 ,% $'3"1&3 ,A&#-%'( /$,* # 7,*:"&'$ U2,,$'D BEZEW= M& :$'3'%&D -& -3 #13, "3'(D !"#"D &, L%( %&& 3,1"&-,%3 ,/ # 3'& ,% %,%1-%'#$ '_"#&-,%3 -% 3'J'$#1 -%('&'$*-%#&'3 Uj#%3'%D BEEQWD &, 1,7#&' %&& .1,A#1 ,:&-*-^'$3 ,/ # *"1&-*,(#1 7,3& /"%7&-,% Uj#%3'%D BEEQW #%( &, :$,J' /,$*#1 -%'_"#1-&-'3 U2,,$'D BEZEW= M3 *'%&-,%'( -% N'7&-,% VD `0N`]8 #%( @6bN`]8 4-11 "3' -%&'$J#1 #%#1K3-3 &, :$,J-('

5 U`MBW # .1,A#1 ,:&-*-^#&-,% #1.,$-&5* /,$ 7,*:"&-%. /! #7'%&'$#*$$D

5 U`MQW 3"h7-'%& 7,%(-&-,%3 /,$ :$,J-%. &5#& ( #*% !$ 0 ) #%(

5 U`MVW 3"h7-'%& 7,%(-&-,%3 /,$ :$,J-%. &5#& ( #*% " $ 2 ) ! 1=

M /"%(#*'%&#1 %,&-,% -3 &5#& ,/ #% -%71"3-,% /"%7&-,%= S,%3-('$ # 7,%&-%","3 /"%7&-,% 8 *#::-%. 9 -%&, 9= M% -%&'$J#1HJ#1"'( /"%7&-,% : D ('L%'( /$,* "! -%&, "!D -3

(13)

#% +/2&1)+(/ ,1/2$+(/ ,/ 8 -/G

'% ! "! % 8 #%$ 0 : #%$% UC=BW

N-%7' 8 -3 7,%&-%","3D &5' 3'& 8 #%$ ! %8 #1$ & 1 ! %( -3 # 3"AH-%&'$J#1 ,/ : #%$= `% 45#& /,11,43D &5' -%71"3-,% /"%7&-,% : 4-11 A' 3#-( &, A' 2(/0!*#!/$ -/D /,$ #%K 3'_"'%7' ,/ A,9'3 %#3$ ,/ "! &5#& 7,%J'$.'3 &, # $'#1 J'7&,$ 1D &5' 3'_"'%7' ,/ -%&'$J#13 : #%#3$$ 7,%J'$.'3 &, &5' $'#1 37#1#$ 8#1$= b5' -%71"3-,% /"%7&-,% : -3 +/2&1)+(/ >(/($(/+2 -/ /,$ #%K % #%( 2 -% "! D

%0 2 3 : #%$ 0 : #2$& UC=QW

b5'3' %,&-,%3 ,/ -%71"3-,% *,%,&,%-7-&K #%( 7,%J'$.'%7' #$' ,%1K %''('( &, '%3"$' &5' 7,%J'$.'%7' ,/ &5' #1.,$-&5* &, A' :$'3'%&'(= b5' 7,*:"&#&-,% ,/ # 7,%J'$.'%& #%( -%71"3-,%H*,%,&,%-7 -%71"3-,% /"%7&-,% #33,7-#&'( 4-&5 #%K 7,%&-%","3 /"%7&-,% ('L%'( AK #% '9:1-7-& /,$*#1 '9:$'33-,% ,$ AK # L%-&' #1.,$-&5* -3 -% :$-%7-:1' J'$K 3-*:1' U2,,$'D BEZEWD #%( $,"&-%'1K :'$/,$*'( AK 4-('1K #J#-1#A1' 3,/&4#$'D 3''D !"#"D Uj#**'$ !$ %&=D BEEYW= 0,&'D 5,4'J'$D &5#& $,"%(-%. '$$,$3 ,%1K *#a' -& :,33-A1' &, ,A&#-% # #1%*%/$!!9 #::$,9-*#&-,% ,/ 3"75 #% -%71"3-,% /"%7&-,% -% :$#7&-7'=

?@87A/" 01 2+ #+-./$#,+ 0/+-%#,+ 0,& %"( 3,5(. ,/%8/% )#:(+ 9* LM1NO #$

) #*% " $ ! %& '()#*5 6 " $ * * '()#*5 6 " $& UC=VW

(14)

?04 0,& #+$%'+-(4 " ! 0%% 42% 5 ! 0&% &&"2 '+5 5 ! 0"% "&"24 %"(+

) #*% " $ ! %& '()#*0%% 42 6 0&% &&"2$ * * '()#*0%% 42 6 0"% "&"2$ ! %& '()#*0&% &&42$ * * '()#*0%% 4&42$

! %& '()#0*&&4% &2$ * * '()#0*4&4% *%2$ ! %&0&&56% "2 * *0&&&"%% &&"42

! 0"3&4% %&2 * 0&&&75% "&"%2 ! 0"%&%% "7&72&

UC=CW

@,%( %"'% 0&,3 !'9.( P '+5 LI1IO4 ) #*% " $ 2 ) ! 0"%&%% "7&72 2 0*&&71% "&"12 ! 11 !"(&(0,&(4 '.. 8'&'3(%(& :(-%,&$ " #+ %"( 9,K 0&% &&"2 - 0"% "&"2 '&( /+0('$#9.(1

b5' #1.,$-&5* !@)B UBH(-*'%3-,%#1 !1,A#1 @)&-*-^'$WD &, A' :$'3'%&'( %,4D 1,H 7#&'3 # .1,A#1 *-%-*-^'$ ,/ # /"%7&-,% 8 - 9 78 9 ,J'$ #% -%&'$J#1 " -% # ."#$#%&''( 4#K= `& -3 #33"*'( &5#& 8 -3 &4-7' (-i'$'%&-#A1' ,J'$ " #%( &5#& -&3 3'7,%( ('$-JH #&-J' -3 %,%^'$, #& &5' *-%-*"*= !@)B -3 # J'$K 3-*:1' #1.,$-&5*D 3"h7-'%& /,$ 35,4-%. &5' /'#3-A-1-&K ,/ &5' #::$,#75 #(J,7#&'( 5'$'D A"& &5#& 7,"1( %,& 7,*:'&' 4-&5 3,:5-3&-7#&'( -%&'$J#1HA#3'( #1.,$-&5*3 3"75 #3 j#%3'%e3 Uj#%3'%D BEEQWD 45-75 7#% ('#1 4-&5 # 1#$.'$ 71#33 ,/ :$,A1'*3 #%( 1#$.'$ (-*'%3-,%3= !@)B 7#113 # 71#3H 3-7#1 (-75,&,*K $,"&-%'D #A1' &, 1,7#&' &5' .1,A#1 *-%-*-^'$ ,/ #%K -%J'$3'H"%-*,(#1 /"%7&-,% ,J'$ #% -%&'$J#1 -% # ."#$#%&''( 4#K= ?' #33"*' &5#& 7,%J'$.'%& -%71"3-,% /"%7&-,%3 :% : % : #$' #J#-1#A1' /,$ 8 #%( -&3 L$3& &4, ('$-J#&-J'3 8 #%( 8 = 8#/!$ -3 &5' 1,4'3& J#1"' ,/ 8 a%,4% #& :$'3'%&D #%( /! -3 &5' 7,$$'3:,%(-%. #$."*'%&= `%&'$J#1 -%'_"#1-&-'3 35,"1( A' "%('$3&,,( #3G - 4 1 9 , 4 1 #%( - 6 1 9 , 6 1=

(15)

3.*4

`%:"&3G /"%7&-,% 8 - 9 78 9I :$-,$ -%&'$J#1 ,/ -%&'$'3& " I `%-&-#1-^#&-,%G " -! " , /! -! 7'%&'$#" $, 0!123 ! 1I

N&': B `/ : #" $ 4 8 #/!$D ., &, N&': YI N&': Q `/ U& ;! : #" $ ,$ : #" $ 6 &WD &5'%

k/! -!#$. *-% #8 $I ., &, N&': YlI N&': V `/ : #" $ 4 &D &5'%

%/! ! ]-75,&,*KU8% " WI /! -!#$. *-% #8 $I ., &, N&': YlI N&': C +-3'7& " #%( 3&#7a &5' &4, $'3"1&-%. -%&'$J#13I

N&': Y `/ 0!123 4!1 &5'% k"%3&#7a -%&, " I ., &, N&': BlI N&': X T'&"$% /! #%( 8 #/!$=

`/ &5' 7,%(-&-,% : #" $ 4 8 #/!$ -% N&': B -3 3#&-3L'(D &5' 7"$$'%& -%&'$J#1 " 7#%%,& 7,%&#-% #%K .1,A#1 *-%-*-^'$= `/ &5' 7,%(-&-,% U& ;! : #" $ ,$ : #" $ 6 &W ,/ N&': Q -3 3#&-3L'(D &5' .1,A#1 *-%-*-^'$ ,/ 8 ,J'$ " -3 %'7'33#$-1K ,%' ,/ &5' &4, '9&$'*' J#1"'3 ! #%( ! ,/ " = @% N&': VD -/ &5' 7,%(-&-,% : #" $ 4 & 5,1(3D 8 -3 7,%J'9 ,J'$ " #%( &5'$'/,$' -%J'$3'H"%-*,(#1D 3, (-75,&,*K 4-11 A' #A1' &, 1,7#&' &5' .1,A#1 *-%-*-^'$ ,/ 8 ,J'$ " -% # ."#$#%&''( 4#K 4-&5 #$A-&$#$K :$'7-3-,%= M& &5' '%( ,/ N&': CD &5' 3&#7a 7,%&#-%3 #11 -%&'$J#13 &, 45-75 .1,A#1 *-%-*-^'$3 *#K 3&-11 A'1,%.=

?' %,4 5#J' #11 &5' &,,13 $'_"-$'( AK `0N`]8 #%( @6bN`]8 &5#& 4'$' '%"*'$#&'( #& &5' A'.-%%-%. ,/ N'7&-,% CD %#*'1K

5 U`MBW # 4#K &, 7,*:"&' /! #7'%&'$#*$$ -% # ."#$#%&''( 4#K AK 7#11-%. !@)B /,$ 8 #!$ ! #* #7'%&'$#*$% !$$ #%( " ! " I

(16)

5 U`MQW # 3"h7-'%& 7,%(-&-,% /,$ :$,J-%. &5#& ( #*% !$ 0 ) D %#*'1K : #*$ 0 ) D 45'$' : #*$ -3 #% -%71"3-,% /"%7&-,% /,$ 8 #"$ ! ( #"% !$I

5 U`MVW # 3"h7-'%& 7,%(-&-,% /,$ :$,J-%. &5#& ( #*% " $ 2 ) ! 1D %#*'1K ) #*% " $ 2 ) ! 1D 45'$' ) #*% " $ -3 #% -%71"3-,% /"%7&-,% /,$ ( #"% !$=

b5' %'9& 3'7&-,% 4-11 3&"(K &5' 7,%J'$.'%7' ,/ &5' $'3"1&-%. #1.,$-&5* 45'% &5' $'_"-$'( #77"$#7K / &'%(3 &, ^'$,=

B1 C%-:"&+"-3" 8-8/#(.(

b5' #1.,$-&5* :$'3'%&'( -% N'7&-,% V .'%'$#&'3 # A$#7a'&-%. ,/$ -% &5' 3'%3' ,/ UV=QW= T'7#11 &5#& +$#/$ 7,%&#-%3 #11 :#$#*'&'$ J'7&,$3 /,$ 45-75 %, 7,%71"3-,% 7,"1( A' $'#75'( #3 &, &5'-$ /'#3-A-1-&K= b5' :"$:,3' ,/ &5-3 3'7&-,% -3 &, 3&"(K &5' :$,:'$&-'3 ,/ +$#/$ 45'% / &'%(3 &, ^'$,= ]'L%'

$! %" & '$ ! %"% &&&% '(% )! ! " 3"75 &5#& &* #"% !$& 6 * (& UY=BW

897':& -% ('.'%'$#&' 7#3'3D $ -3 &5' -%&'$-,$ ,/ $= b5' &5',$'* &, A' :$'3'%&'( 35,43 &5#& -/ / -3 -%L%-&'1K 3*#11D ,%1K J'7&,$3 " &5#& A'1,%. &, $ #%( #$' ,"&3-(' $ 4-11 A'1,%. &, &5' "%7'$&#-%&K 1#K'$ +$#/$= ;,$ 3"75 J'7&,$3D ( #"%!$ -3 7,%3-3&'%& 4-&5 #11 (#&# A,9'3 #%( &#%.'%& U/$,* &5' ,"&3-('W &, #& 1'#3& ,%' ,/ &5'*=

DE"%&"7 01 ?0 ) #*% " $ #$ '+ #+-./$#,+E3,+,%,+#- '+5 -,+:(&)(+% #+-./$#,+ 0/+-E %#,+ 0,& %"( 3,5(. ,/%8/% 0/+-%#,+ ( #"% !$4 A?Q?2 )(+(&'%($ $ #/$ '+5 +$#/$ $/-"

(17)

%"'%

L#O "!$ 3 )/ 4 & & " ! $ #/$%

L##O " ;! $ 3 )/ 4 & & " ;! $ #/$ / +$#/$& UY=QW

5&%%FG )#$& U-WG `/ &5' 7,%&$#:,3-&' 4'$' &$"'D +"!"D -/ &5'$' '9-3&'( " ! $ 3"75 &5#& '/ 4 &% " ! +$#/$D &5'% /,$ #%K / 4 &D &5'$' 4,"1( '9-3& # A,9 * 4-&5 # 4-(&5 3*#11'$ &5#% / #%( 7,%&#-%-%. " 3"75 &5#& `0N`]8U*W /#-13= b5-3 -3 -*:,33-A1' A'7#"3' ,/ &5' &5',$'* ,/ N'7&-,% Y=B A'1,4= )#$& U--WG `/ &5' 7,%&$#:,3-&' 4'$' &$"'D +"!"D -/ &5'$' '9-3&'( # J'7&,$ " ,"&3-(' $ 3"75 &5#& '/ 4 &% " ! $ #/$ / +$#/$D &5'% '/ 4 &D &5'$' 4,"1( '9-3& # A,9 * 4-&5 # 4-(&5 3*#11'$ &5#% / #%( 7,%&#-%-%. " 3"75 &5#& @6bN`]8U*W /#-13= b5-3 -3 -*:,33-A1' A'7#"3' ,/ &5' &5',$'* ,/ N'7&-,% Y=Q A'1,4=

B101 2-3/*(.%- ,"(, ,E"%&"7

DE"%&"7 41 L?+-./$#,+ %($%O ?0 " ! $4 )/ 4 & $/-" %"'%4 0,& '+* 9,K * -,+%'#+#+) " 6#%" ' 6#5%" $3'..(& %"'+ /4 ?@A?BC -,+-./5($ * 0 $1 :

b, :$,J' &5-3 &5',$'*D 4' 35#11 "3' &5' &5$'' /,11,4-%. 1'**#3= `% &5' 3'_"'1D # 21-! -3 # A,9 4-&5 # %,%^'$, J,1"*'D #11 3-('3 ,/ 45-75 5#J' &5' 3#*' 1'%.&5= b5' 3'& ,/ #11 7"A'3 4-&5 7'%&'$ " -3 ('%,&'( AK S"A'#"$=

G"778 91 R(% " 9( ' )#:(+ #+%(&:'. '+5 <#*% !$ 9( ' -,+:(&)(+% #+-./$#,+ 0/+-E %#,+ 0,& %"( S(&, 0/+-%#,+ =#"% !$ ; &% '" ! 9 % '! ! " 1 T( "':(

'/ 4 &% '" ! ! % )* !U/9(#"$ & '! ! " % .#<#*% !$$ 6 / UY=VW

(18)

:

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

5&%%F b5' :$,,/ -3 AK 7,%&$#(-7&-,%= M33"*' &5#& )/ 4 &% )" ! ! & '* ! S"A'#"$% )! ! " % .#<#*% !$$ < /& <'& %*#3$% 3 ! #( A' # 3'_"'%7' ,/ S"A'#"$ 7,%J'$.-%. &, "= b5'$' '9-3&3 # 3'_"'%7' ,/ $'#1 %!#3$( ! " 3"75 &5#& .#<#*#3$% !#3$$$ < /= N-%7' " -3 # 7,*:#7& 3'&D &5' -%L%-&' 3'_"'%7' %!#3$( 5#3 #& 1'#3& ,%' #77"*"1#&-,% :,-%& 8!= ;$,* %!#3$(D -& -3 &5'$'/,$' :,33-A1' &, '9&$#7& # 3"AH 3'_"'%7'%!#3 $% > ! #( 4-&5 3 6 3 7,%J'$.-%. &, 8! = N-%7' .#<#*#3 $% !#3 $$$ < /% 3-%7' *#3 $ 8 " #%( 3-%7' !#3 $ 8 8!D &5' -%71"3-,% /"%7&-,% <#*% !$ 7#%%,& A' 7,%H

J'$.'%&= :

<'& ? #*% !$ A' &5' -%71"3-,% /"%7&-,% /,$ * #"% !$ ('L%'( AK ? #*% !$ ! ) #*% !$* 7'%&'$#) $& N-%7' ) #*% !$ -3 -%71"3-,% *,%,&,%-7 #%( 7,%J'$.'%&D 3, -3 ? #*% !$=

G"778 >1 F,& '.. $ ! %"% & & & % '(% 6( "':(

'/ 4 &% '" ! ! % )* ! U/9(#"$ & '! ! " % &&? #*% !$& * &* #"% !$&& 6 / UY=CW

(19)

5&%%F `& -3 7"*A'$3,*' A"& &$-J-#1 &, 35,4 &5#& &5' -%&'$J#1 /"%7&-,% <#*% !$ ! &&? #*% !$& * &* #7'%&'$#*$% !$&& -3 # 7,%J'$.'%& -%71"3-,% /"%7&-,% /,$ &5' ^'$, /"%7&-,% =#"% !$ ; &% " ! ! % ! ! " = ;$,* <'**# VD &5'$' '9-3&3 * ! S"A'#"$ 3"75 &5#& '! ! " D .#<#*% !$$ 6 / = N-%7' & ! <#*% !$D 4' 5#J' <#*% !$ 6 / D +"!"D &&? #*% !$& * &* #"% !$&& 6 / = :

G"778 B1 ?0 " ! $4 %"(+ '$ ! %"% &&&% '(4 )@ 4 & $/-" %"'%4 0,& '+* 9,K 5 -,+%'#+#+) " 6#%" ' 6#5%" $3'..(& %"'+ @ 4 ) #5% /! #-(+%(&#5$$$ 0 ) 1 :

5&%%F `/ " ! $D '$ ! %"% &&&% '(% )! ! " 3"75 &5#& &* #"% !$& 6 * #%( &5'$'/,$'D &5' %"*A'$

/ ! "

3#* * &* #"% !$&$ UY=YW -3 3&$-7&1K :,3-&-J'= <'& * A' # A,9 ,/ S"A'#"$ 3#&-3/K-%. UY=CW #%( 5 A' # A,9 7,%&#-%-%. "D 4-&5 7'%&'$ 6 #%( 4-(&5 3*#11'$ &5#% @ ! = 5 -3 &5'$'/,$' -%71"('( -% *= N-%7' 6! *D * #6% !$ ! ? #*% !$D #%( <'**# C -*:1-'3

&* #6% !$& 6 &* #"% !$& 9 / & UY=XW

b#a-%. UV=VW -%&, #77,"%&D 4' .'&

&* #6% /! #6$$& 6 &* #6% !$&& UY=ZW

<'& * #*% !$ A' &5' "::'$ A,"%( ,/ &5' -%&'$J#1 &? #*% !$&= M77,$(-%. &, <'**# CD &5' &4, /,11,4-%. -%'_"#1-&-'3 #$' 3#&-3L'(

&* #"% /! #6$$& 6 &* #6% /! #6$$& 9 / % UY=FW * #*% /! #6$$ 6 &* #"% /! #6$$& 9 / & UY=EW

(20)

N-%7' 5 0 * #%( &? #*% !& -3 -%71"3-,% *,%,&,%-7D

* #5% /! #6$$ 6 * #*% /! #6$$& UY=B[W

M((-%. -%'_"#1-&-'3 UY=XWHUY=B[W "%('$ UY=YWD 4' .'& * #5% /! #6$$ 6 &* #"% !$& 9 3/ ! * & b5'$'/,$' &? #5% /! #6$$& ! &) #5% /! #6$$*7'%&'$#) $& 6 * %45-75 -*:1-'3 &5#&

) #5% /! #6$$ 0 ) = :

5&%%F %F DE"%&"7 4 ;$,* <'**# YD -/ " ! $D /,$ #11 $ -% %"% &&&% '(D &5'$' '9-3&3 @ 4 & 3"75 &5#&D /,$ #%K A,9 5 7,%&#-%-%. " 4-&5 # 4-(&5 3*#11'$ &5#% @ D ) #5% /! #7'%&'$#5$$$ 0 ) = b5'$'/,$' #%K A,9 * 7,%&#-%-%. " 4-&5 # 4-(&5 3*#11'$ &5#% / ! :;<#@ % @ % &&&% @ $ -3 3"75 &5#& ) #*% /! #7'%&'$#*$$$ 0 ) = ;,$ 3"75 # *D `0N`]8 7,%71"('3 &5#& *0 $= :

B141 ?@3/*(.%- ,"(, ,E"%&"7

DE"%&"7 H1 LCK-./$#,+ %($%O ?0 " ;! $4 )/ 4 & $/-" %"'% 0,& '+* 9,K * -,+%'#+#+) " '+5 6#%" ' 6#5%" $3'..(& %"'+ /4 ;D!A?BCL*O -,+-./5($ %"'% * 2 $ !11 :

5&%%F b5' :$,,/ -3 #.#-% AK 7,%&$#(-7&-,%= <'& %/#3$% 3 ! #( A' # 3'_"'%7' ,/ :,3-&-J' $'#13 7,%J'$.-%. &, ^'$,= `/ b5',$'* X -3 /#13'D &5'%

'3 ! #% )*#3$ = "% .#*#3$$ 6 /#3$ 3"75 &5#& @6bN`]8 /#-13& UY=BBW

b5-3 *'#%3 &5#&D /,$ '#75 $D @6bN`]8 g"*:3 &, &5' %'9& $ #& N&': C= `& 5#3 &5"3 /,"%( #% -%&'$J#1 " #3$ 3"75 &5#& .#" #3$$ 6 .#*#3$$ #%( 3"75 &5#& &5' 7,%(-&-,% #&

(21)

N&': V -3 %,& 3#&-3L'(D +"!"D

'$% )" #3$ 0 " % .#" #3$$ 6 .#*#3$$ & ) #*#3$% " #3$$ 2 ) 4! 1& UY=BQW

N-%7' &5' 3'_"'%7' %" #3$% 3 ! #( -3 '%71,3'( -% &5' 7,*:#7& 3'& " #%( 5#3 -&3 4-(&5 7,%J'$.-%. &, ^'$,D -& 5#3 #& 1'#3& ,%' #77"*"1#&-,% :,-%& 8!D #%( &5'$' '9-3&3 # 3"A3'_"'%7' %" #3 $% > ! #D #%( 3 6 3 ( 7,%&#-%-%. 8!= b5' 3'_"'%7' ,/ -%&'$H J#13 ) #*#3 $% " #3 $$ &5"3 7,%J'$.'3 &, &5' $'#1 ( #"% 8!$= 0,4D #77,$(-%. &, UY=BQWD ) #*#3 $% " #3 $$ 2 ) 4! 1% 45-75 -*:1-'3 ( #"% 8!$ ! ) = b5'$'/,$' "! $= :

H1 D"(, 38("

S,%3-('$ #.#-% &5' &'3& 7#3' -%&$,("7'( #& &5' '%( ,/ N'7&-,% Q= ;,$ / ! &&&" #%( * ! 0&% "&%2 - 0&% &&12D N`c`M .'%'$#&'3 &5' 3"A:#J-%.3 $':$'3'%&'( ,% ;-."$' V= b5' (#$a .$#K A,9'3 5#J' A''% :$,J'( &, A' -%71"('( -%$ #%( 7,$$'3:,%( &, $ & b5' 1-.5& .$#K A,9'3 5#J' A''% :$,J'( &, 5#J' #% '*:&K -%&'$3'7&-,% 4-&5 $= 0, 7,%71"3-,% 5#3 A''% $'#75'( /,$ &5' A1#7a A,9'3D 45-75 A'1,%. &, &5' "%7'$&#-%&K 1#K'$ +$=

3())+-&! &(2%$+(/ ,(* 6+#1*! ?"

b#a-%. #(J#%&#.' ,/ T'*#$a QD &5-3 :#J-%. -3 ,A&#-%'( -% VF 3'7,%(3D -%3&'#( ,/ #A,"& F *-%"&'3D ,% # )'%&-"* BVVHA#3'( :'$3,%%#1 7,*:"&'$=

(22)

I1 C%-3/*(.%-(

`% &5' 7,%&'9& ,/ A,"%('(H'$$,$ '3&-*#&-,%D &5' #7&"#1 J#1"'3 ,/ '9:'$-*'%&#1 /#7&,$3 *#K #13, A' "%7'$&#-%= b, &#a' &5-3 -%&, #77,"%&D 4' 5#J' #33"*'( &5#& &5' ,"&:"& (#&# #%( &5'3' '9:'$-*'%&#1 /#7&,$3 #$' ,%1K a%,4% &, A'1,%. &, 3,*' .-J'% -%&'$H J#13= b5' :$,A1'* 7,%3-('$'( 4#3 &5' ."#$#%&''( 75#$#7&'$-^#&-,% ,/ &5' 3'& ,/ #11 :#$#*'&'$ J'7&,$3 ,/ # .-J'% *,('1 3&$"7&"$' &5#& #$' 7,%3-3&'%& 4-&5 &5-3 5K:,&5'3-3= M %'4 #1.,$-&5*D A#3'( ,% -%&'$J#1 #%#1K3-3D 5#3 A''% :$,:,3'( /,$ &5-3 :"$:,3'= ;,$ &5' 3#a' ,/ 3-*:1-7-&KD -& 5#3 A''% ('37$-A'( -% &5' :#$&-7"1#$ 7#3' 45'$' &5'$' -3 # 3-%.1' '9:'$-*'%&#1 /#7&,$= 8J'% -% &5-3 3-*:1' 7#3'D 4' a%,4 ,/ %, ,&5'$ *'&5,( &5#& #11,43 # ."#$#%&''( 75#$#7&'$-^#&-,% ,/ &5' :,3&'$-,$ /'#3-A1' 3'& /,$ &5' :#$#*'&'$3 -% &5-3 %,%1-%'#$ 7,%&'9&= b5' /"%(#*'%&#1 %,&-,% ,/ -%71"3-,% /"%7&-,% #11,43 &5' #::$,#75 &, ('#1 4-&5 # 5".' 71#33 ,/ :$,A1'*3= S,%J'$.'%7' #%#1K3-3 35,43 &5#& -% #1*,3& #%K 3-&"#&-,%D &5' 3'& ,/ /'#3-A1' :#$#*'&'$ J'7&,$ 7#% A' 75#$#7&'$-^'( 4-&5 #% #77"$#7K &5#& -3 ,%1K 1-*-&'( AK &5' 'i'7& ,/ $,"%(-%.= b5' *#-% 1-*-&#&-,% ,/ &5' #::$,#75 -3 &5#& -&3 7,*:1'9-&K -3 '9:,%'%&-#1 4-&5 &5' (-*'%3-,% ,/ :#$#*'&'$ 3:#7'= b5' #::$,#75 $'#(-1K .'%'$#1-^'3 &, :$,A1'*3 -%J,1J-%. A '9:'$-*'%&#1 /#7&,$3 #%( B ,"&:"&3= b5' :,3&'$-,$ /'#3-A1' 3'& -3 &5'% ('L%'( AK

$ ! %" ! 9 & '$ ! %"% &&&% '(% )! ! 0 0 ! & # #"% !$ ! 2 0 ! ( % UZ=BW

#%( J'7&,$ -%71"3-,% /"%7&-,%3 #%( # .1,A#1 ,:&-*-^#&-,% #1.,$-&5* /,$ *"1&-J#$-#A1' /"%7&-,%3 *"3& A' '*:1,K'(= b5' #1.,$-&5* "3'( -% &5-3 :#:'$ 5#3 J,1"%&#$-1K A''% a':& 3-*:1'D 3, #3 &, /#7-1-&#&' 7,%J'$.'%7' #%#1K3-3D #%( &5'$' -3 #*:1' $,,* /,$ /"$&5'$ -*:$,J'*'%&3 ,/ -&3 'h7-'%7K=

(23)

J3=-%K/"'+"7"-,

b5' #"&5,$3 4-35 &, &5#%a #% #%,%K*,"3 $'J-'4'$ /,$ 7,**'%&3 45-75 5#J' 5'1:'( &5'* &, -*:$,J' &5' :$'3'%&#&-,% ,/ &5' :#:'$=

<"F"&"-3"(

S'$,%'D c= UBEEBW= )#$#*'&'$ A,"%(3 /,$ *,('13 4-&5 A,"%('( '$$,$3 -% #11 J#$-#A1'3D -% 3*!'" @$: A6BCDA6EFG GH>'" A9!/$+=2%$+(/ %/9 GH)$!> 3%*%>!$!* I)$+>%$+(/D +"(#:'3&D ::= BYBFmBYQV=

S'$,%'D c= UBEEXW= 8$$,$3H-%HJ#$-#A1'3 *,('13 -% :#$#*'&'$ A,"%(-%.D +/ 2= 2-H 1#%'3'D >= 0,$&,%D j= )-'&H<#5#%-'$ #%( 8= ?#1&'$ U8(3=WD J(1/9+/# B''*(%2:!) $( GH)$!> A9!/$+=2%$+(/K )1'%"*D 0'4 R,$aD ::= QFEmV[X=

S1P*'%&D b=D #%( N= !'%&-1 UBEE[W= T'7"$3-J' *'*A'$35-: 3'& '3&-*#&-,% /,$ ,"&:"& '$$,$ *,('13D L%$:!>%$+2) %/9 C(>'1$!*) +/ G+>1&%$+(/D 94D Y[YmYBV=

S,*A'&&'3D )=<= UBEEVW= b5' /,"%(#&-,%3 ,/ 3'& &5',$'&-7 '3&-*#&-,%D 3*(2" (, $:! AIIID L0UQWD BFQmQ[F=

]'11'$D >=T=D 2= 0#K'$- #%( N=j= @('5D UBEEVW= <'#3&H3_"#$' -('%&-L7#&-,% 4-&5 '$$,$ A,"%(3 /,$ $'#1H&-*' 3-.%#1 :$,7'33-%. #%( 7,%&$,1D 3*(2" (, $:! AIIID L0UXWD FBYmFCE

j#**'$D T=D 2= j,7a3D 6= n"1-375D #%( ]= T#&^ UBEEYW= CMM 4((&-(7 6(* N!*+=!9 C(>'1$+/#D N:$-%.'$Hc'$1#.D j'-('1A'$.=

(24)

j#%3'%D 8= UBEEQW= O&(-%& E'$+>+P%$+(/ Q)+/# A/$!*0%& B/%&H)+)D 2#$7'1 ]'aa'$D 0'4 R,$a=

>#"1-%D <=D #%( 8= ?#1&'$ UBEEV#W= N'& '3&-*#&-,% J-# -%&'$J#1 #%#1K3-3 /,$ %,%1-%'#$ A,"%('(H'$$,$ '3&-*#&-,%D B1$(>%$+2%D 4MUCWD B[YVmB[XC=

>#"1-%D <=D #%( 8= ?#1&'$ UBEEVAW= !"#$#%&''( %,%1-%'#$ :#$#*'&'$ '3&-*#&-,% /$,* A,"%('(H'$$,$ (#&# J-# -%&'$J#1 #%#1K3-3D L%$:!>%$+2) %/9 C(>'1$!*) +/ G+>1&%$+(/D 9BD BQVmBVZ=

2-1#%'3'D 2=D #%( M= c-7-%, UBEEBWD 83&-*#&-,% &5',$K /,$ %,%1-%'#$ *,('13 #%( 3'& *'*A'$35-: "%7'$&#-%&K= B1$(>%$+2%D 4ID C[VmC[F=

2-1#%'3'D 2=D >= 0,$&,%D j= )-'&H<#5#%-'$ #%( 8= ?#1&'$ U8(3=W UBEEXW= J(1/9+/# B''*(%2:!) $( GH)$!> A9!/$+=2%$+(/D )1'%"*D 0'4 R,$a=

2,,$'D T=8= UBEZEW= L!$:(9) %/9 B''&+2%$+(/) (, A/$!*0%& B/%&H)+)D N`M2D )5-1#('1H :5-#=

0,$&,%D >=H)= UBEFZW= `('%&-L7#&-,% ,/ :#$#*'&'$ A,"%(3 /,$ MT2Mo *,('13 /$,* $'7,$(3 4-&5 A,"%('( %,-3'D A/$" R" C(/$*(&D >BD VZYmVE[=

>=H)= 0,$&,% U8(=W UBEECW= N:'7-#1 -33"' ,% A,"%('(H'$$,$ '3&-*#&-,%D 0D A/$" R" B9%'$" C(/$*(& G+#/%& 3*(2"D LUBWD BmBBF=

>=H)= 0,$&,% U8(=W UBEEYW= N:'7-#1 -33"' ,% A,"%('(H'$$,$ '3&-*#&-,%D 4D A/$" R" B9%'$" C(/$*(& G+#/%& 3*(2"D MUBWD BmBVQ=

(25)

)$,%^#&,D <=D #%( 8= ?#1&'$ UBEECW= 2-%-*#1 J,1"*' '11-:3,-(3D A/$" R" B9%'$" C(/$*(& G+#/%& 3*(2!))"D LUBWD BYmV[=

N754'&1-7aD j=D #%( c= b-11'$ UBEFYW= 0"*'$-7#1 *'&5,(3 /,$ '3&-*#&-%. :#$#*'&'$3 -% %,%1-%'#$ *,('13 4-&5 '$$,$3 -% &5' J#$-#A1'3D 4!2:/(>!$*+2)D 4IUBWD BZmQC=

c'$'3D N=2=D #%( >=)= 0,$&,% UBEEXWD )#$#*'&'$HA,"%(-%. #1.,$-&5*3 /,$ 1-%'#$ '$$,$3H -%HJ#$-#A1'3 *,('13D -% 2= 2-1#%'3'D >= 0,$&,%D j= )-'&H<#5#%-'$ #%( 8= ?#1&'$ U8(3=WD J(1/9+/# B''*(%2:!) $( GH)$!> A9!/$+=2%$+(/K )1'%"*D 0'4 R,$aD ::= QZYmQFF=

?#1&'$D 8=D U8(=W UBEE[W= )#$#*'&'$ -('%&-L7#&-,%3 4-&5 '$$,$ A,"%(3D 3:'7-#1 -33"' ,/ L%$:!>%$+2) %/9 C(>'1$!*) +/ G+>1&%$+(/D 94UYpXWD CCZHXVF=

?#1&'$D 8=D #%( <= )$,%^#&, UBEEZW= A9!/$+=2%$+(/ (, 3%*%>!$*+2 L(9!&) ,*(> I7'!*. +>!/$%& S%$%D N:$-%.'$D <,%(,%D ::= QYZmQFV=

(26)

N.+*&" 38A,.%-(

;-."$' BG b5' A,9'3 -%(-7#&' &5' "%7'$&#-%&K #33,7-#&'( 4-&5 '#75 ,"&:"& (#&# :,-%& #%( #33,7-#&'( *'#3"$'*'%& &-*'= M :#$#*'&'$ J'7&,$ -3 /'#3-A1' -/ #%( ,%1K -/ ( #"% !$ .,'3 &5$,".5 #11 &'% A,9'3=

;-."$' QG `11"3&$#&-,% ,/ &5' 3&$#&'.K 75,3'% /,$ `0N`]8= b5' -%&'$J#1 ( #*% /! #"$$ -3 -%71"('( -% &5' (#&# -%&'$J#1 ) = b5'$'/,$' &5' :#$#*'&'$ J'7&,$ " -3 7,%3-3&'%& 4-&5 &5' $&5 (#&"*=

;-."$' VG )#J-%. .'%'$#&'( AK N`c`M &, A$#7a'& &5' 3,1"&-,% 3'& $ /,$ &5' &'3& 7#3'= b5' /$#*' A,9 -3 * ! 0&% "&%2 - 0&% &&12= ]#$a #%( 1-.5& .$#K A,9'3 #$' -%3-(' #%( ,"&3-(' $D $'3:'7&-J'1K= +$ -3 -% A1#7a=

D86/"

38A,.%-b#A1' BG ;'#3-A1' -%&'$J#13 /,$ 7,11'7&'( (#&# -% &5' &'3& 7#3'=

(27)

! " #! #" $! $" %! −& −' −$ ! $ ' & ( #! #$ #' ;-."$' B QX

(28)

y

m

( , ( ))

P p

t

i

y

m

(p, )

t

Y

i

center( )

Y

i

| ( , ( ))|

e

i

p p

t

i

t

i

( )

p

T

i

t

y

;-."$' Q QZ

(29)

−!)$

!

!)$

!)'

!)&

!)(

#

#)$

−!)#

!

!)#

!)$

!)%

!)'

!)"

;-."$' V QF

(30)

D86/" 0

$ " )

" 0*&&%1% "&612 0%&6% "%&"2 % 0&&1% %&12 0"&&4% 6&"42 3 0"&%1% 3&%12 0*&&"3% 3&5"2 4 0%% 42 0*&&71% "&"12 1 01% 62 0*4&*1% *&&%72 5 0*% "&2 0*1&&5% *&&352 6 0"%% "42 0*4&"% *&&&42 * 0"5% "*2 0*3&"5% &&32 7 0%&% %%2 0*%&1% &&1"2 "& 0%4% %52 0*%% &&562

Références

Documents relatifs

To test whether the vesicular pool of Atat1 promotes the acetyl- ation of -tubulin in MTs, we isolated subcellular fractions from newborn mouse cortices and then assessed

Néanmoins, la dualité des acides (Lewis et Bronsted) est un système dispendieux, dont le recyclage est une opération complexe et par conséquent difficilement applicable à

Cette mutation familiale du gène MME est une substitution d’une base guanine par une base adenine sur le chromosome 3q25.2, ce qui induit un remplacement d’un acide aminé cystéine

En ouvrant cette page avec Netscape composer, vous verrez que le cadre prévu pour accueillir le panoramique a une taille déterminée, choisie par les concepteurs des hyperpaysages

Chaque séance durera deux heures, mais dans la seconde, seule la première heure sera consacrée à l'expérimentation décrite ici ; durant la seconde, les élèves travailleront sur

A time-varying respiratory elastance model is developed with a negative elastic component (E demand ), to describe the driving pressure generated during a patient initiated

The aim of this study was to assess, in three experimental fields representative of the various topoclimatological zones of Luxembourg, the impact of timing of fungicide

Attention to a relation ontology [...] refocuses security discourses to better reflect and appreciate three forms of interconnection that are not sufficiently attended to