Quelques limites de cette étude méritent d'être mentionnées. D'abord, le recours à un protocole transversal et à des analyses corrélationnelles ne permet pas de conclure à des liens de causalité entre les variables. De plus, l'attachement initial des participants (avant l'engagement dans la relation) n'a pas été pris en compte dans l'étude. Il apparaît donc difficile de déterminer les effets de l'attachement initial du participant à celui observé dans la relation. De même, certaines études ont démontré un lien longitudinal bidirectionnel entre la psychopathie et la détresse (Savard et al., 2006), il serait donc pertinent, dans les recherches futures, de prendre en compte les traits psychopathiques à différents temps de mesure. Par ailleurs, les couples qui présentaient de la violence physique étaient également exclus de la présente recherche ce qui a pu avoir comme conséquence d'exclure des participants qui présentaient des taux de psychopathie plus élevés. Nos résultats ne sont donc pas généralisables aux couples de la population clinique présentant des comportements de violence physique entre eux. Enfin, l'attachement et les traits de psychopathie ont été mesurés à l'aide de questionnaires. Nos résultats sont donc fondés uniquement sur la perception qu'a l'individu de lui-même ce qui peut occasionner certains biais (p. ex., désirabilité sociale, manque d'introspection). De plus, la validité de la mesure demeure alors incertaine, puisque l'utilisation unique de questionnaire dans l'auto- évaluation de traits comme le narcissisme, les traits antisociaux et l'impulsivité demeurent sujets à des biais (Lynam et al., 1999). Une évaluation faite par un clinicien pourrait en augmenter la validité.
Conclusion
En somme, le présent mémoire, malgré ses limites, explore un sujet qui a été peu étudié auparavant. Il s’agit de la première tentative d’étudier la psychopathie et l'attachement chez des couples consultant en psychothérapie. Le mémoire présente aussi de nombreux avantages, comme le fait d'être basé sur un échantillon de bonne taille de couples et de prendre en compte le genre dans les analyses, permettant d’observer, en même temps,
les deux membres du couple. D'une part, il permet de constater empiriquement que les traits de psychopathie s'observent chez des couples consultant en psychothérapie et que les résultats obtenus chez cette population sont différents de ceux obtenus dans la communauté. D'autre part, la possibilité que la psychopathie puisse être liée aux insécurités d'attachement permet de mieux aiguiller les traitements qui seront offerts aux couples qui consultent. Il apparait ainsi important de vérifier la présence d'insécurité d'attachement au sein de ces couples et d'anticiper son traitement en psychothérapie. Bien que nos résultats obtenus soient embryonnaires, ils appellent à être répliqués, puisqu'ils apportent un début de réponse quant à la nature des impacts qu'ont les traits de psychopathie sur l'attachement. Par conséquent, notre étude souligne la pertinence de poursuivre les recherches sur les traits de psychopathie et l'attachement afin de mieux orienter l'évaluation et le traitement chez les couples qui consultent en psychothérapie.
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