Experimentation

5.12.2.1 Installation diagrams

The Figure 5.14, carried out with the Proteus software, present the diagram of the assembly of traffic lights carried out as part of the experimentation of our system. For this experiment, difficulties, such as instability and power cuts, the SBEE and the failure of some of our relays due to these difficulties, led us to use 12V power using a converter charger. The components used for the realization are listed in the Table 5.2.

Table 5.2 – List of components

Component Quantity

Arduino Uno 1

Module Shield SIM 900 1

Lamps 12V 1W 12

Resistors 12

Phototransistor 3

Relay modules 12

Registry 4

Charger converter 1

Figure5.14–DiagramsoftheassemblycarriedoutwithProteus

5.13 Discussion

After evaluating the achievement of our objectives, we can attest that our centralized traffic light management system can really help optimize traffic flow. The traffic light programming that is usually done at the traffic lights can now be done from the centralized management centre of our system, with greater speed and efficiency.

Through the bibliographic research we conducted at the beginning of our work, we know that centralized traffic light management does not only involve remote control of traffic lights. A centralized traffic light management platform can in addition remote control of traffic lights, can also integrate radar-coupled video surveillance, Geo-location and more, with an intelligent traffic light system capable of defining the programming of traffic lights suitable for traffic at a given time and equipped with an energy system in redundancy or alternating between con-ventional and solar energy. Thus, we understand that the current version of our platform can be further improved for better traffic management.

In order to expand and improve the services provided by our platform, further studies may be carried out.

Throughout our work, we have focused on designing a solution that will promote the efficient management of road traffic in the city of Cotonou through a centralized traffic light manage-ment system with a view to positively impacting road safety and the well-being of the popula-tion. Indeed, a study allowed us to choose the GSM network through its short message service (SMS) for communication between traffic lights and the management centre of our system.

Based on the functional needs expressed by the head of the light signal division with whom we worked closely, we were able to model the essential functionalities of our centralized traffic light management platform. Then the materials and design methods that we used, allowed us to translate the needs collected into functionalities rubrics at our platform level. The platform that results from our work integrates:

3 a section for changing the programming and control of traffic lights;

3 a section for checking the status of traffic lights;

3 an authentication system allowing users to access the different sections;

The section for changing the programming and control of traffic lights developed allows you to change a traffic light to green if necessary and to easily modify the programming for traffic lights. The section on checking the status of traffic lights provides information on the status of traffic lights in general and their lamps in particular, so that maintenance can be carried out if necessary. Access to the above-mentioned functionalities requires authentication that allows our platform to define the levels and access rights to this platform. Thus, data exchanges and processing and instructions sent from the platform are carried out at the traffic lights by the GPRS/GSM SIM 900 Shield module in order to execute the instructions by the traffic lights.

As our system is dynamic and scalable, improving it from the services provided by our central-ized traffic light management platform requires future studies that will aim to integrate video surveillance coupled to radar and more. We will therefore use an intelligent traffic light sys-tem capable of defining the programming according to the traffic seen and analysed by video surveillance equipment and radars. This system will be powered by energy sources that are redundant or alternate between conventional and solar energy.

Remerciements iii

1 Analyses et caractéristiques du trafic routier 7 1.1 La voirie . . . 7

1.4.3 Stratégies adaptatives . . . 16

2 Architecture du réseau de gestion des feux tricolores dans la ville de Cotonou 17 2.1 Organisation technique . . . 17

2.3.2 Emplacement géographique des feux tricolores et proposition d’un centre de gestion dans la ville de Cotonou . . . 23

2.3.3 Plan du centre de gestion des feux tricolores dans la ville de Cotonou . . . 25

3 Étude conceptuelle du système de gestion centralisée 27 3.1 Méthode de conception adoptée . . . 27

3.2 Étude conceptuelle de la plate-forme de gestion centralisée des feux tricolores . . 28

3.2.1 Besoin fonctionnel . . . 28

Bibliographie 63

Annexe 67

English version

Design and Experimentation of a Centralized Traffic Light

Manage-ment System in the city of Cotonou 73

Introduction 74

Context, justification and problematic issues . . . 75

Objectives . . . 76

5 Road traffic analysis and characteristics 77 5.1 Roads . . . 77

5.7.1 Geographical location of traffic lights and proposal for a management cen-ter in the city of Cotonou . . . 84

5.8 Design methodology adopted . . . 86

5.9 Conceptual study related to the centralized traffic light management platform . . 87

5.9.1 Identification of the platform’s actors . . . 87

5.10 Modeling . . . 87

5.10.1 Use case diagram . . . 87

5.10.2 Sequence diagram . . . 88

5.10.3 Class diagram . . . 89

5.11 Technical choice of construction and design of the centralized traffic light man-agement platform . . . 90

5.11.1 Technology of realization . . . 90

5.11.2 Test environment . . . 91

5.12 Presentation of our platform . . . 93

5.12.1 Presentation of Interfaces . . . 93

5.12.2 Experimentation . . . 98

5.13 Discussion . . . 100