Ce projet visait à obtenir des indications sur les mécanismes de formation et la fonction biologique des CML chez l’amibe D. discoideum. Quatre protéines majeures associées aux CML ont été identifiées, mais leur manque de caractérisation et l’absence de fonctions connues ont limité les conclusions pouvant être tirées quant au rôle des CML. Toutefois, la présence sur les CML de PhoPQ, une protéine hautement similaire au répresseur de prolifération AprA, permet d’envisager que les CML puissent porter une molécule signal affectant le comportement cellulaire des amibes. De plus, il a été prouvé que ces dernières pouvaient réinternaliser leurs propres CML, bien que le sort de ces structures à l’intérieur des amibes reste à être résolu. Par contre, l’internalisation des CML par le cilié T. pyriformis a permis de déterminer que ceux-ci n’étaient pas digérés par le protozoaire et qu’ils étaient comprimés les uns sur les autres dans les vacuoles alimentaires pour être finalement expulsés sous la forme de corps fécaux. En somme, plusieurs possibilités subsistent quant au rôle des CML chez l’amibe – méthode de communication
intercellulaire, cargo, source de nutriments ou simples déchets métaboliques – et des investigations plus poussées sont nécessaires pour élucider la question.
Les perspectives de ce projet incluent de nombreuses avenues. Premièrement, il serait pertinent de vérifier si les CML exercent un effet chimiotactique sur les amibes et si la croissance des ciliés est perturbée ou augmentée en présence de CML. De plus, le destin de l’enrobage autour des billes enrobées internalisées par les amibes devra être déterminé, possiblement par des analyses en MET. Par ailleurs, les gènes des quatre protéines identifiées sur les CML pourront être clonés en phase avec la GFP afin de créer des marqueurs permettant de visualiser le processus de formation des CML en microscopie à fluorescence. L’utilisation de billes de polystyrène fluorescentes et de marqueurs lipidiques pourrait complémenter ces analyses. La surexpression et l’inactivation de ces gènes d’intérêt, plus particulièrement celui de PhoPQ, seraient également utiles pour élucider les fonctions des protéines associées aux CML.
Éventuellement, il serait intéressant d’analyser le contenu protéique des CML ou des corps fécaux produits par d’autres types de protozoaires, par exemple l’amibe
Acanthamoeba ou le cilié Tetrahymena. Ainsi, la détection de protéines analogues à
celles retrouvées sur les CML de D. discoideum permettrait d’entrevoir une tendance parmi les éléments nécessaires à la formation ou la fonction de ces structures. Idéalement, l’identification d’une protéine présente sur tous les CML ou corps fécaux sécrétés par les protozoaires procurerait un marqueur universel de CML.
Enfin, ces indicateurs de CML serviront ultimement à analyser la présence et l’importance de ces structures sur le terrain, notamment dans les installations hydriques à risque de promouvoir le phénomène de l’enrobage de bactéries. Une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes gouvernant l’inclusion des bactéries à l’intérieur des CML contribuera à élaborer des stratégies afin de contrôler ou diminuer ce phénomène et ainsi limiter la propagation de bactéries pathogènes dans l’environnement.
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