5. Discussion générale
5.5 Conclusion générale
En conclusion, cette thèse visait à répondre à deux objectifs. Le premier objectif consistait à vérifier si les connaissances actuelles concernant les différences entre les paradigmes prospectif et rétrospectif pouvaient être appliquées à d‟autres contextes que ceux normalement utilisés et jugés non écologiques. Les constats effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse ont une répercussion théorique importante au niveau de la distinction entre ces deux paradigmes, du moins, lorsqu‟il est question de contextes quotidiens. En effet, ils remettent
mécanismes différents. Ils suggèrent même que dans sa forme actuelle, le modèle de la porte attentionnelle pourrait ne pas être approprié afin de décrire les mécanismes impliqués lors d‟estimations temporelles de longues tâches quotidiennes. Néanmoins, un autre mécanisme a été proposé afin d‟expliquer les différences entre les deux paradigmes, soit la conversion de la représentation subjective de la durée vers des unités chronométriques.
Quant au deuxième objectif, il visait à déterminer si les connaissances actuelles concernant les relations entre les facteurs individuels et les estimations temporelles (prospectives et rétrospectives) pouvaient être appliquées à des tâches similaires à des activités quotidiennes. À ce sujet, le principal constat est que la force et la direction de ces relations diffèrent en fonction du fait qu‟une personne soit plus prudente, ou non, lorsqu‟elle estime le temps de façon rétrospective. Les contributions découlant de ce constat touchent autant les aspects pratiques, méthodologiques et théoriques de la recherche sur le temps psychologique. Dans une perspective pratique, cette thèse contribue à mieux comprendre la façon avec laquelle les personnes estiment le temps dans des situations quotidiennes. D‟un point de vue méthodologique, l‟approche utilisée peut être considérée comme étant valide et ainsi servir de modèle pour les chercheurs désirant étudier les relations entre les facteurs individuels et les estimations temporelles des deux paradigmes. Enfin, selon un regard théorique, les résultats suggèrent que les estimations temporelles prospectives et rétrospectives de longues tâches quotidiennes semblent influencées par une multitude de facteurs individuels (e.g. trait de la personnalité, âge).
Pris globalement, les constats effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse suggèrent la nécessité d‟utiliser une nouvelle approche afin d‟étudier les estimations temporelles de longues tâches écologiques. Cette approche implique de considérer simultanément les deux paradigmes d‟estimations temporelles afin de déterminer leurs mécanismes sous-jacents et examiner leurs relations avec les facteurs individuels. Aussi, elle requiert l‟utilisation de méthodes statistiques multivariées afin de tenir compte de la complexité de telles relations. Ultimement, une telle approche pourrait contribuer à diminuer la confusion au niveau des résultats d‟études portant sur ces relations et à mieux comprendre les façons avec lesquelles un individu estime et gère son temps sur une base quotidienne.
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Annexe A - Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS)
Cette liste contient 16 adjectifs qui font référence à différents états émotionnels. Pour chacun d'eux, veuillez encercler le symbole qui reflète le mieux l‟émotion que vous ressentez en ce moment.
Cliquez XX si cette émotion ne reflète pas du tout ce que vous ressentez en ce moment.