Conclusion

La gestion actuelle des populations de brochets se fait à une échelle spatiale sans réelle cohérence écologique et/ou sociale (tronçon de cours d’eau ou commune, par exemple) par une somme de petites initiatives locales. De plus, le poids des pêcheurs est fort dans le processus de prise de décision, par leur présence dans un conseil d’administration ou en exerçant une pression sociale sur les gestionnaires. Il en résulte une gestion dont la pertinence/l’efficacité peut être limitée (Chap. III). Pour que la gestion par et pour les pêcheurs soit pertinente, il est important que la gestion se fasse sur des bases scientifiques/techniques solides et actuelles plutôt que sur des habitudes ou des croyances. Il semble pertinent de réfléchir à une autre échelle de gestion de la pêche récréative, comme le bassin versant ou le foyer de population (de pêcheurs), par exemple, et un mode d’implication différent des usagers des pêcheries. Toutefois, il est important de conserver et renforcer le lien entre pêcheurs, gestionnaires et scientifiques. En effet, l’implication des pêcheurs dans des programmes de gestion ou de suivi donne souvent de bons résultats (Dedual et al. 2013; Fujitani et al. 2016). La gestion des pêcheries doit utiliser des mesures complémentaires d’action sur le milieu (restauration d’habitats, par exemple) et sur les usagers (régulations, par exemple) dans le respect des caractéristiques locales (productivité du milieu et nature du peuplement piscicole, par exemple).

129

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