THE GAMBIA

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THE GAMBIA

FORMULATING THE

NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY

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U N I T E D N A T I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T

THE GAMBIA

FORMULATING THE

NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY

New York and Geneva, 2017

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This work is available open access by complying with the Creative Commons licence created for intergovernmental organizations, available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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INTRODUCTION ix

INTRODUCTION

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THE STATUS OF MSMES AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE GAMBIA

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INTRODUCTION xi

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As mentioned above, according to government HVWLPDWHV WR UHGXFH SRYHUW\ DQG IRU ORQJ WHUP HFRQRPLF JURZWK WKH *DPELDQ HFRQRP\ QHHGV WR JURZ E\ PRUH WKDQ XS IURP WKH DFKLHYHGRYHUWKHODVW\HDUV)RUPXODWLQJWKH1(3 FRQVROLGDWHV WKH JRYHUQPHQWpV HFRQRPLF SROLF\

providing a new strong orientation for private sector development.

Table A. The Government of The Gambia main economic policies, 2012-2016

Vision 2020

}

Growth and Employment

}

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Trade

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MSME and Entrepreneurship

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MAIN ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS AND PROGRAMMES

7KH LQVWLWXWLRQDO HQYLURQPHQW UHODWHG WR SULYDWH VHFWRU GHYHORSPHQW DQG LQ SDUWLFXODU WR WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI 060(VLVFRQVWLWXWHGRIPDLQVWDNHKROGHUVWKDWFDQEH JURXSHGLQWRIRXUNLQGVRIDFWRUV*RYHUQPHQWSULYDWH VHFWRU FLYLO VRFLHW\ LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG SURJUDPPHV 7KHLU UROHVDQGIXQFWLRQVDUHVXPPDUL]HGLQWKHWDEOH%EHORZ 7KH LQYROYHPHQW RI WKHVH LQVWLWXWLRQV LV NH\ WR WKH VXFFHVV RI WKH 1(3 7KHVH LQVWLWXWLRQV KDYH PDGH SURJUHVV LQ GHOLYHULQJ D ZLGH UDQJH RI NH\ VXSSRUW VHUYLFHV 7KHVH VHUYLFHV FRQWLQXH WR EHQHƄW DQ

LQFUHDVLQJQXPEHURIVPDOOEXVLQHVVHV\HDUDIWHU\HDU +RZHYHU LPSRUWDQW JDSV VWLOO UHPDLQ .H\ DPRQJ these is the need to rapidly improve the integration RI VXSSRUW SURYLGHG E\ WKH YDULRXV JRYHUQPHQWDO GHSDUWPHQWVDQGLQVWLWXWLRQV

3DUWQHUVKLS EHWZHHQ WKH JRYHUQPHQW YDULRXV stakeholders and role players remains a critical VXFFHVV IDFWRU 7KXV 1(3 KDV IXUWKHU HQJDJHG WKH FRUSRUDWHVHFWRURUJDQL]HGEXVLQHVVSULYDWHƄQDQFLQJ LQVWLWXWLRQV QRQJRYHUQPHQWDO RUJDQL]DWLRQV XQLYHUVLWLHV DV ZHOO DV PHGLD HIIRUWV LQ IRVWHULQJ HQWUHSUHQHXUVKLSDQGVPDOOEXVLQHVVHV

Table B. Role of the institutions providing key support services to entrepreneurs in The Gambia

Governmental institutions

MOTIEIDFLOLWDWHVWUDGHDQGSURPRWHODERXULQWHQVLYHHPSOR\PHQWLQLWLDWLYHVE\OHYHUDJLQJRXU UHVRXUFHVDQGIRUJLQJVWURQJSDUWQHUVKLSVZLWKWKHSULYDWHVHFWRUIRUWKHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQRI7KH

*DPELDLQWRDWUDGLQJH[SRUWRULHQWHGQDWLRQ

GIEPALVWKHQDWLRQDODJHQF\UHVSRQVLEOHIRUSURPRWLQJDQGIDFLOLWDWLQJLQYHVWPHQWEXVLQHVVDQG H[SRUWGHYHORSPHQWVXSSRUWWR060(VDQGUHJXODWLRQRIGHVLJQDWHGH[SRUWSURFHVVLQJ]RQHV LQ7KH*DPELD

Private sector institutions

7KH*DPELDQ&KDPEHURI&RPPHUFH,QGXVWU\$JULFXOWXUHDQG(PSOR\HUVp$VVRFLDWLRQGCCILV DQRQJRYHUQPHQWDOYROXQWDU\DQGSULYDWHVHFWRURUJDQL]DWLRQUHSUHVHQWLQJ7UDGHDQG&RPPHUFH

$JULFXOWXUH,QGXVWU\7UDQVSRUW7HOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVHUYLFHV%DQNLQJDQG)LQDQFH}

7KH $PHULFDQ &KDPEHU RI &RPPHUFH AmCham LV D QRQJRYHUQPHQWDO RUJDQL]DWLRQ ZKLFK DLPVWRSURPRWHDQGIDFLOLWDWHWUDGHEHWZHHQ7KH*DPELDDQGWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVRI$PHULFD

Programmes

The Empretec programme LQ 7KH *DPELD LV IXQGHG E\ 81'3 DQG WKH *RYHUQPHQW RI 7KH

*DPELD DQG LV DQFKRUHG DW *,(3$ ,W KDV EHHQ RSHUDWLRQDO VLQFH 6HSWHPEHU DQG KDV WUDLQHGRYHUHQWUHSUHQHXUVLQFOXGLQJIDUPHUVOHDGLQJWRQHZIRXQGEXVLQHVVVXFFHVVLQ many cases.

7KH1DWLRQDO(QWHUSULVH'HYHORSPHQW,QLWLDWLYH(NEDI) ZDVHVWDEOLVKHGLQXQGHUWKH2IƄFHRI WKH9LFH3UHVLGHQW,WDOVRUHSRUWVWRWKH0LQLVWU\RI<RXWKDQG6SRUWV02<67KHPDLQSXUSRVH RI LWV HVWDEOLVKPHQW LV WR HPSRZHU WKH *DPELDQ \RXWK DQG ZRPHQ WKURXJK WKH SURYLVLRQ RI WUDLQLQJ LQ EXVLQHVV HQWUHSUHQHXUVKLS DQG IXQGLQJ WKHP WR RSHUDWH EXVLQHVVHV LQ WKH LQIRUPDO VHFWRUDQGLQFOXGHVSURYLGLQJWKHPZLWKEXVLQHVVDGYLFHWRHQVXUHVXVWDLQDELOLW\

Nema LV DQ DQWLSRYHUW\ UXUDO SURMHFW ZKLFK DVVLVWV IDUPHUV WKURXJK WKH &DSLWDO ,QYHVWPHQW 6WLPXODWLRQ)XQG&,6)

The Startup IncubatorDSULYDWHVHFWRUOHGLQLWLDWLYHLVGHVLJQHGWRVXSSRUWWKHVXFFHVVIXO GHYHORSPHQWRI\RXQJ*DPELDQHQWUHSUHQHXUVWKURXJKDQDUUD\RIEXVLQHVVVXSSRUWVHUYLFHV

(14)

1

NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP POLICY OF THE GAMBIA

1. MISSION, VISION, OBJECTIVES

MISSION

7R EXLOG WKH QDWLRQDO HQWUHSUHQHXUVKLS HFRV\VWHP LQ 7KH*DPELDWKDWLVFRQGXFLYHWRWKHFUHDWLRQRIQHZ VWDUWXSVDQGSURPRWHVWKHIRUPDOL]DWLRQDQGJURZWK RI 060(V LQ VXSSRUW RI LQFOXVLYH DQG VXVWDLQDEOH economic growth and development.

VISION

%\7KH*DPELDZLOOKDYHDWKULYLQJDQGVXVWDLQDEOH PLGGOHLQFRPHHFRQRP\JURZLQJE\DWOHDVW GULYHQE\VHOIUHOLDQWDQGLQQRYDWLYHORFDOHQWUHSUHQHXUV and an enabling and strengthened ecosystem, HPEUDFLQJDOOSDUWVRIWKHFRXQWU\7KLVWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ ZLOOKDYHFRQWULEXWHGWRLPSURYHGVRFLDODQGHTXLWDEOH FRQGLWLRQVLQSDUWLFXODUIRUGLVDGYDQWDJHGJURXSVVXFK DV ZRPHQ DQG \RXWK DQG VXVWDLQDEOH VROXWLRQV WR FXUUHQWVRFLDODQGHQYLURQPHQWDOFKDOOHQJHV

OBJECTIVES

1. General objective – To improve the general conditions for enterprise creation and enterprise JURZWK WDNLQJ LQWR DFFRXQW WKH VRFLDO DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO FKDOOHQJHV LQ 7KH *DPELD WKDW DGGUHVVWKHOHJDOVRFLDODQGUHJXODWRU\EDUULHUVIRU HTXLWDEOH HIIHFWLYH HFRQRPLF SDUWLFLSDWLRQ ZLWK HPSKDVLVRQZRPHQDQG\RXWKLQFOXGLQJJURXSV prone to migration, who represent the main drivers RI QHZ HQWHUSULVH GHYHORSPHQW 7R IRFXV RQ WHFKQRORJ\DQGLQQRYDWLRQDGYDQFHVƄQDQFHDQG FDSDFLW\EXLOGLQJHGXFDWLRQDQGVNLOOGHYHORSPHQW DQGWKHSURPRWLRQRIDQHQWUHSUHQHXULDOVSLULWDWD national level.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

2. Optimizing the Regulatory Framework – 5HGXFHWKHUHJXODWRU\DQGDGPLQLVWUDWLYHKXUGOHV IRUEXVLQHVVVWDUWXSVE\VWUHDPOLQLQJSURFHGXUHV H[SDQGLQJDFFHVVWRLQIRUPDWLRQUHGXFLQJFRVWV LQFUHDVLQJWKHEHQHƄWVRIIRUPDOL]DWLRQIDFLOLWDWLQJ HQWUHSUHQHXUVZLWKDIRFXVRQZRPHQDQG\RXWK WR IRUPDOL]H DQG LPSURYH WKH SUHGLFWDELOLW\ DQG enforcement of contracts.

3. Enhancing Entrepreneurship Education - 5HFRJQL]H HQWUHSUHQHXUVKLS DV D VXEMHFW DQG

integrate its teaching across other disciplines DW DOO OHYHOV RI IRUPDO HGXFDWLRQ DQG WHFKQLFDO YRFDWLRQWUDLQLQJ,QSDUDOOHOVWUHQJWKHQQRQIRUPDO training and skill development systems by widely SURPRWLQJ OHDUQLQJE\GRLQJ PHWKRGRORJLHV VXFK DV (PSUHWHF 0\)DUP DQG ,/2 SURJUDPPH PRGHOV(TXLWDEOHDFFHVVIRUZRPHQDQG\RXWKWR VXFKHGXFDWLRQZLOOEHSXUVXHG

4. Facilitating Technology Exchange and Innovation - 6XSSRUWSXEOLFSULYDWHSDUWQHUVKLSV 333V WR GLIIXVH NQRZOHGJH GHYHORS UHVHDUFK LQGXVWU\ FROODERUDWLRQ DQG WULJJHU LQQRYDWLRQ IRU VXVWDLQDEOH HTXLWDEOH DQG LQFOXVLYH GHYHORSPHQW ZKLFK LQFOXGHV HQKDQFHG XVH RI ,&7 WR GHYHORS DQGGLVWULEXWHGHOLYHUQHZSURGXFWVVHUYLFHVDQG processes.

5. Improving Access to Finance 'HYHORS WDUJHWHG ƄQDQFLDO VROXWLRQV IRU HQWUHSUHQHXUV VXFKDVLQQRYDWLYHVWDUWXSVJUHHQDQGLQFOXVLYH EXVLQHVVHV ZRPHQ GLIIHUHQWO\ DEOHG DQG WKH

\RXWK ,Q SDUDOOHO VWUHQJWKHQ WKH FDSDFLW\ RI WKH ƄQDQFLDO VHFWRU WR VHUYH WKH SULYDWH VHFWRU LQ JHQHUDOE\SURPRWLQJLQFUHDVHGGLYHUVLW\RIƄQDQFLDO SURGXFWVDQGVHUYLFHVDYDLODEOHDWDIIRUGDEOHFRVW to all levels of society.

6. Promoting Awareness and Networking -,QVWLO WKH HQWUHSUHQHXUVKLS PLQGVHW ZKLOVW DGGUHVVLQJ FXOWXUDO ELDVHV LQFOXGLQJ JHQGHU LQ 7KH *DPELDQ VRFLHW\ SD\LQJ VSHFLƄF DWWHQWLRQ WR WKH VWDWXV RI ZRPHQ HQWUHSUHQHXUV DQG RWKHU GLVDGYDQWDJHG JURXSV7RLQWURGXFHLQLWLDWLYHVLQSDUWQHUVKLSZLWK WKHSULYDWHVHFWRUWRVWUHQJWKHQQHWZRUNLQJWUXVW and cooperation among the diverse private sector SOD\HUVLQ7KH*DPELD

MONITORING AND EVALUATION 7KH PRQLWRULQJ DQG HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKH 1DWLRQDO (QWUHSUHQHXUVKLS 3ROLF\ DQG SULRULW\ DFWLRQV implementation will be the responsibility of the LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG VWDNHKROGHUV SDUWLFLSDWLQJ LQ WKH SURFHVV XQGHU WKH GLUHFW FRRUGLQDWLRQ RI *,(3$ DQG ZLWK WKH VXSSRUW DQG VXSHUYLVLRQ RI 027,( 7KLV SURFHVV ZLOO UHTXLUH D TXDQWLWDWLYH DQG TXDOLWDWLYH UHSRUWLQJVHWXSZKLFKZLOOEHLQWHJUDWHGLQDQDQQXDO report, presenting progress in the implementation, DV GHWDLOHG LQ WKH DFWLRQ SODQ 7KH IROORZLQJ ƄJXUH VXPPDULVHV WKH UHVXOWV FKDLQ DQG NH\ LQGLFDWRUV RI SURJUHVV)LJXUHVKRZVWKHLQVWLWXWLRQDOIUDPHZRUN for implementation.

(15)

Figure 1.Illustration of the results chain for the National Entrepreneurship Policy (NEP): The Gambia Selection of activitiesOutputsShort term outcomesLong term outcomes

Indicators of progr ess

1(3GHYHORSPHQWDQG implementation in the in the area of: • 2SWLPL]LQJWKHUHJXODWRU\ environment • (QKDQFLQJHQWUHSUHQHXUVKLS HGXFDWLRQDQGVNLOOV development • Facilitating technology H[FKDQJHDQGLQQRYDWLRQ • ,PSURYLQJDFFHVVWRƄQDQFH • Promoting awareness and networking

• 'LJLWDOL]HGODQGUHJLVWUDWLRQSURFHGXUHV • 5HJXODWRU\,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW(UHJXODWLRQVSRUWDO • )DVWWUDFNSURFHGXUHVDQG$'6PHFKDQLVPIRUVPDOO claims • (QWUHSUHQHXUVKLSFXUULFXODIRUDOOOHYHOVRIHGXFDWLRQ DQGLQWHJUDWHGWRIRUPDODQGLQIRUPDOHGXFDWLRQ V\VWHPVLQFOXGLQJ79(7 • ,&7EDVHGRQOLQHHQWUHSUHQHXUVKLSFRXUVHV • 0HQWRULQJDQGFRDFKLQJVFKHPHV • ,QFXEDWRUVHVWDEOLVKHG • 3XEOLF3URFXUHPHQWUXOHVDGDSWHGWR60(V • 5XUDOWHFKKXEVHVWDEOLVKHG • (IIHFWLYHDQGHIƄFLHQWFUHGLWEXUHDXSULYDWHUHJLVWU\ • Financial literacy programs • (TXLW\FRLQYHVWPHQWSURJUDPPHV • 1DWLRQDO(QWUHSUHQHXUVKLS(YHQWVKHOG • Careers fairs organized • Umbrella organization established

• (IƄFLHQWODQGUHJLVWUDWLRQSURFHGXUH • ,QFUHDVHGFDSDFLW\RIHUHJXODWRU\ agencies • ,PSURYHGUHJXODWRU\HQYLURQPHQW IRUEXVLQHVVHV • (IƄFLHQWMXGLFLDOSURFHGXUHVIRU small claims • (GXFDWLRQV\VWHPDGDSWHGWRWKH need of the private sector • 7HFKVDYY\VWXGHQWVDQGWHDFKHUV • %HWWHULQIRUPHGVWXGHQWVRQWKH RSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGFKDOOHQJHV • • 5HVLOLHQWVWDUWXSVVHFWRU • 3DUWLFLSDWLRQRI060(LQSXEOLF SURFXUHPHQWFDOO • 8VHRIWHFKQRORJ\LQDJULFXOWXUH • ,PSURYHGSRUWIROLRULVNPDQDJHPHQW in banks • :HOOLQIRUPHGSRWHQWLDOFOLHQWV • 3RUWIROLRRISHUIRUPLQJ060(V • (QKDQFHGUHFRJQLWLRQRI HQWUHSUHQHXUVKLSVWDWXV • Connected and informed potential HQWUHSUHQHXUV

• *URZLQJ060(VVHFWRU • 3URGXFWLYH060(VVHFWRU • ,QQRYDWLYH060(VVHFWRU • (DVLHUDFFHVVWRFUHGLWIRU 060(V • 'LYHUVLƄHGHFRQRP\

Key assumptions

• ,QWHUHVWDQGVXSSRUWIURP local implementing partners and stakeholders • $GHTXDWHUHVRXUFHVDQG capacity • ,QFRXQWU\DFFHVVWR,&7 DQGHFRPPXQLFDWLRQWRROV • *RRGJRYHUQDQFH

• Political stability • ,QWHUHVWDQGVXSSRUWIURPORFDOLPSOHPHQWLQJ partners and stakeholders

• 0DFURHFRQRPLFVWDELOLW\DQG FRQWUROOHGLQƅDWLRQ • :HOOIXQFWLRQLQJƄQDQFLDOVHFWRU • &OHDUDQGFRKHUHQWFRPPXQLFDWLRQ DERXWWKHDFKLHYHPHQWVRI HQWUHSUHQHXUVDQGWKHLUYDOXHWR society

• Political stability • Thriving civil society • (TXLWDEOHDFFHVVIRU ZRPHQDG\RXWKWR HGXFDWLRQDQGHFRQRPLF RSSRUWXQLWLHV

(16)

1. MISSION, VISION, OBJECTIVES ³

Selection of activitiesOutputsShort term outcomesLong term outcomes

Indicators of progr ess

• RISODQQHGDFWLYLWLHV delivered on time and ZLWKLQEXGJHW • (VWDEOLVKPHQWRIWKH (QWUHSUHQHXUVKLS )RUXPWKHQHWZRUNRI agencies implementing 1(3

• RIODQGUHJLVWUDWLRQSURFHGXUHVGLJLWDOL]HG • 1XPEHURI5HJXODWRU\,PSDFW$VVHVVPHQW • ([LVWHQFHRIIDVWWUDFNSURFHGXUHVDQG$'6 mechanism • (GXFDWLRQOHYHOVLQFOXGLQJ79(7WKDWKDYHDQ HQWUHSUHQHXUVKLSFXUULFXOD • ([LVWHQFHRI,&7EDVHGRQOLQHHQWUHSUHQHXUVKLS FRXUVHV • 1XPEHURIFRDFKHVDQGPHQWRUV • 1XPEHURILQFXEDWRUVHVWDEOLVKHG • ([LVWHQFHRI333DGDSWHGWR60(V • 1XPEHURIUXUDOWHFKKXE • 'HSWKDQGFRYHUDJHRIFUHGLWLQIRUPDWLRQ:% LQGLFDWRU • 1XPEHUDQGEXGJHWVRIƄQDQFLDOOLWHUDF\ programmes • 9ROXPHRIDVVHWVPDQDJHGXQGHUFRLQYHVWPHQW programme • 1XPEHURIHYHQWVRUJDQL]HGDQGQXPEHURI participants • 1XPEHURIFDUHHUVIDLUVRUJDQL]HGDQGQXPEHURI participants • 1XPEHURIDVVRFLDWLRQXQGHUXPEUHOOD

• 7LPHDQGFRVWVVDYHGE\60(VRQ ODQGUHJLVWUDWLRQSURFHGXUHV • 7LPHDQGFRVWVVDYHGE\60(VRQ UHJXODWRU\SURFHGXUHV • 7LPHDQGFRVWVVDYHGE\60(VRQ MXGLFLDOFODLPV • 1XPEHURIVWXGHQWVIROORZLQJ HQWUHSUHQHXUVKLSFRXUVHV • 1XPEHURIFRPSXWHUVSHUVWXGHQWV • 1XPEHURIVWXGHQWVXQGHU mentorship scheme • 5DWHRIVWDUWXSVXUYLYDO • 1XPEHURI060(VSDUWLFLSDWLQJLQ PP call • 1XPEHURIIDUPHUVXVLQJ,7&WRRO IRUWKHLUSURGXFWLRQ • 1XPEHURIEDQNVXVLQJFUHGLW record and improved risk management standards • /HYHORIƄQDQFLDOOLWHUDF\ • 5HYHQXHDQGQXPEHURI HPSOR\HHVRI060(XQGHUFR investment scheme • *OREDO(QWUHSUHQHXUVKLS0RQLWRU LQGH[HV

• 1XPEHURI60(DQG • FRQWULEXWLRQRI60(WR *'3 • 1XPEHURIVWDUWXSV IXQGHGE\VWXGHQWVKDYLQJ IROORZHGHQWUHSUHQHXUVKLS classes or mentorship schemes • &RQWULEXWLRQRI060( DFWLYHLQWKHDJULFXOWXUDO VHFWRUWR*'3 • 3HUFHQWDJHRIUXUDO SRSXODWLRQZLWKDFFHVVWR ƄQDQFLDOVHUYLFHV),1'(; • &UHGLWWR060(VHFWRULQ SHUFHQWDJHRI*'3

(17)

Figure 2.Institutional Coordination Framework- The Entrepreneurship Forum - for the implementation of NEP in The Gambia DWA/NWC/Women’s Bureau National Implementing Agency GIEPA (with support and supervision of MOTIE)

• Social Development Fund • The Central Bank of The Gambia • NACCUG, GAWFA, Commercial Banks, NBFIs, VISAVAS

• Department of Agribusiness Services • Food Technology Services Unit • Central Project Coordination Unit • National Enterprise Development Initiative • GCCI • Other private sector and civil society organizations

• Ministry of Information and Communication Infrastructure • University of the Gambia • NAQAA • GTTI

• TGSB • GRA • NEA • PURA • FSQA • Physical Planning

MOFEAMOYSMOYSMoBSE MOA

(18)

1. MISSION, VISION, OBJECTIVES ⁵

)LJXUH DERYH VKRZV WKDW WKH 1(3 FXWV DFURVV D ZLGHUDQJHRISROLF\DUHDVWKHUHIRUHE\QDWXUHLWFXWV DFURVVGHSDUWPHQWDOERXQGDULHVDQGLQYROYHVVHYHUDO GHSDUWPHQWV DW QDWLRQDO SURYLQFLDO DQG PXQLFLSDO JRYHUQPHQW OHYHOV ,W DOVR JRHV EH\RQG WKH SXEOLF sector and its agencies, to encompass the private VHFWRUDQGLWVRUJDQLVDWLRQVƄQDQFLDODQGHGXFDWLRQDO LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG QRQJRYHUQPHQWDO RUJDQLVDWLRQV $V LW ZDV DFKLHYHG LQ WKH SROLF\ GHYHORSPHQW LQFOXVLYH participation is critical to seeking ways and means WR HQVXUH WKDW WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ LV FDUULHG RXW DGHTXDWHO\HIIHFWLYHO\DQGLQDGHFHQWUDOLVHGPDQQHU

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Policy objectives ,GHQWLƄHGFRQVWUDLQWV Priority Actions

a. Examine regulatory requirements and make improved services accessible nationwide

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collected by government or private sector to assess and benchmark changes in the UHJXODWRU\HQYLURQPHQW

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• /DFNRIFXVWRPHUVHUYLFHJXLGHOLQHVDQG EHQFKPDUNVRQDGPLQLVWUDWLYHSURFHGXUHV

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b. Reduce the cost of doing business and increase EHQHƄWVRI formalization

• &XPEHUVRPHEXUHDXFUDWLFSURFHGXUHV persist despite reforms

• 1RPRQLWRULQJRIFRVWVDQGEHQHƄWVIRU GLIIHUHQWFDWHJRULHVRIEXVLQHVVLQRUGHU WRIRUPDOL]HDQGFRPSO\ZLWKVSHFLƄF UHJXODWLRQV

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c. Increase the predictability of enforcement

• :HDNFDSDFLW\RIMXGLFLDOLQVWLWXWLRQVWR IDVWWUDFNDGMXGLFDWLRQRQFRPPHUFLDO FDVHVDQGHQIRUFHPHQWRIMXGJHPHQWV

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GLVSXWHPHFKDQLVPVIRUVPDOOFODLPV d. Help the

private sector to overcome administrative barriers

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needs strengthening.

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3. ENHANCING

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3.1. INTEGRATING

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3. ENHANCING ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT 11

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