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Fire Endurance of Concrete Assemblies: A Compilation of Published
Information on Fire Endurance of a Variety of Concrete Walls, Floors,
Roofs, Columns and Beams
T h i s p u b l i c a t i o n i e o { a n u n u o u a l c h a r a c t e r c o n e i s t i n g r a B i t d o e s , o f m a t e r i a l d r a w n b y p e r r n i s s i o n f r o r n o t h e r E o u r c e a . I t e h o u l d n o t b e r e p r o d u c e d i n w h o l e o r i n p a r t w i t h o u t t h e p e r m i e e l o n o f t h e o r i g i n a l p u b l i ' s h e r e . . ' P u b l i c a t i o n a o f t h e D i v i s l o n o f B u i l d i n g R e ' g e a r c h m a y b e o b t a i n e d b y m a i l i n g t h e a p p r o p r i a t e . r e m i t -t a n c e , ( a B a n k , E x p r e s s , o r P o s -t O f f i c e M o n e y O r d e r o r a c h e q u e m a d e p a y a b l e a t p a r i n O t t a w a , t o t h e R e c e i v e r G e n e r a l o f C a n a d a , c r e d i t N a t i o n a l R e a e a r c h C o u n c i l ) t o t h e P u b -l i c a t i o n e S e c t i o n , D i v i a i o n o f B u i -l d i n g R e e e a r c h , N a t i o n i a -l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l , O t t a w a . S t a r n p e a r e n o t a c c e p t a b l e . ' A c q u p o n s y a t e r n h a s b e e n ' i n t r o d u c e d t o r n a k e p a y m q n t s f o r p u b l i c a t i o n s r e ' . t i v r ' l f i r o l e . C o u p o n s a r e a v a i l a b l e i n d e n o r n i n a t i o n s e { i i , ; i , r F 5 O c e n t s land rnay b e o b t a i n e d b y m a k i n g a r e r n i t t r n c e c t r : a t e d a b o v e . T h e e e c o u p o n e m a y b e u s e d f o r t h e r a t l N a t i o n a l R e -s e a r c h C o u n c i l p u b l i i a t i o n -s . , . crsTr/ rcrsT
DIVISION Or" BUILDING RESEARCH
FIRE ENDURANCE OF CONCRETE ASSEMBLIES
(A cornpilation of published inforrnation on fire endurance o f a v a r i e t y o f c o n c r e t e w a l l s , f l o o r s , r o o f s , c o l u m n s a n d b e a r n s ) b y M u r d o c h G a l b r e a t h
A N I \ I Y Z T D
T e c h n i c a l P a p e r N o . 2 3 5 of theDivision of Building Reeearch
O T T A W A N o v e r n b e r 1 9 6 6
FOREWORD
The sources of the inforrnation contained herein
a r e t h e p u b l i s h e d r e p o r t s o f f i r e t e s t s c o n d u c t e d i n a c c o r d -a n c e w i t h t h e S t -a n d -a r d M e t h o d s o f T e s t A S T M E I 1 9 a n d BS 47 6 that are available to the Division of Building Re search a t p r e s e n t . N o t e s t s , s o f a r a s i s k n o w n , h a v e y e t b e e n c o n d u c t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h C S A 8 5 4 . 3 .
A nurnber of countries have adopted rnethods of
f i r e t e s t s t h a t d i f f e r i n s o r n e r e s p e c t s f r o r n t h o s e r e c o g
-nized by the National Building Code of Canada. Reports of
these tests rnay be the subject of further inveetigation.
T e s t s o f a s s e r , n b l i e s t h a t c o n t a i n r n a t e r i a l s i d e n t i -f i e d b y t r a d e n a r n e o n l y h a v e b e e n e x c l u d e d -f r o r n t h i s p a p e r
because these assernblies are not adequately identified by
d e s c r i p t i o n .
THIS PUBLICATION HAS BEEN PRBPARED TO BRING TOGETHER IN CONVENIENT FORM A LARGE AMOUNT OF INFORMATION SCATTERED THROUGHOUT THE PUBLISHED
LITERATURE ON FIRE ENDURANCE OF CONCRETE ASSEMBLIES. IT IS INTENDED FOR INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TO BE REGARDED AS AN OFFICIAL LISTING OR RATING.
SUPPLEMENT NO. 2 TO THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE PROVIDES SUCH RATINGS FOR COMMON MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS CAPABLE OF BEING IDENTIFIED ADEQUATELY BY DESCRIPTION, WHICH MAY BE USED IN THE ABSENCE OF SPECIFIC TEST INFORMATION OR
OTHER CERTIFICATION. BUT THE DESIGNER, MANUF'ACTURER,
OR BUILDING OFFICIAL MAY FIND IT NECESSARY TO EXERCISE JUDGEMENT ON MATERIALS OR SYSTEMS DIFFERING FROM THOSE
FOR WHICH TEST OR RATING INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE, AND
IN SUCH CASES THE INFORMATION NOW ASSEMBLED MAY BE U S E F U L .
ALL THE TEST INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION IS INCLUDED WITH THE PERMISSION OF THE ORIGINAL AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS" IT HAS BEEN REARRANGED TO BRING TOGETHER CONVENIENTLY ALL THE RESULTS ON THE SAME OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WHEREVER THIS IS APPROPRIATEN IN MANY CASES THE DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS PROVIDED IN THE ORIGINAL
PUBLICATIONS HAVE HAD TO BE ABBREVIATED OR OMITTED. REFERENCE SHOULD ALWAYS BE MADE TO THE ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS FOR VERIFICATION OF THE DESCRIPTION AND METHOD OF' TEST BEFORE PLACING GREAT WEIGHT ON
INDIVIDUAL VALUES" THE VARIOUS ITEMS ARE CROSS-REFERENCED TO THE BIBLIOGRAPHY WHICH LISTS THE SOURCE PUBLICATIONS. NO REPRODUCTION SHOULD BE MADE OF ANY OF THIS MATERIAL WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE ORIGINAL PUBLISHERS.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
THE PERMISSION GIVEN BY AUTHORS, AGENCIES, AND PUBLISHERS TO REPRODUCE THE MATERIAL ON WHICH THIS PUBLICATION IS BASED IS GREATLY APPRECIATED.
STANDARD METHODS OF TEST FIRE PERFORMA.NCE TEST INF'ORMATION P a r t I l . l
l . z
P a r t 1 . 3z
z . l
z . z
P a r t 2 . 3 2 . 4 3 3 . I 3 . 2 3 . 3 Concrete \,tfalls T e s t s o f t h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e a n d t h e r m a l p r o p e r t i e s o f s o l i d c o n c r e t e s l a b s a n d t h e i r s i g n i f i c a n c e b y C a r l A . M e n z e l . I n v e s t i g a t i o n s o n b u i l d i n g f i r e s " P a r t V , F i r e t e s t s o n s t r u c t u r a l e l e r n e n t s b y N " D a v e y a n d L " A . A s h t o n , T h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f n o - f i n e s c o n c r e t e w a l l s b y L . . A . A s h t o n a n d R . H . B i g r n o r e " C o n c r e t e F l o o r s a n d R o o f s F i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f c o n c r e t e f l o o r s b y D a n i e l S . G o a l w i n . I n v e s t i g a t i o n s o n b u i l d i n g f i r e s " P a r t V , F i r e t e s t s o n s t r u c t u r a l e l e r n e n t s b y N " D a v e y a n d L . A . A s h t o n . F i r e e n d u r a n c e o f p r e c a s t c e l l u l a r c o n c r e t e f l o o r s a n d r o o f s b y J . V . R y a n a n d E . W . B e n d e r . F i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e f l o o r s b v J . P . T h o r n p s o n .Concrete Colurnns and Bearns
F i r e t e s t s o f b u i l d i n g c o l u r n n s b y I n g b e r g ,
Griffin, Robinson and W-ilson.
F i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f c o n c r e t e c o l u r n n s b v W . A . H u l . l a n d S " H . I n g b e r g . I n v e s t i g a t i o n s o n b u i l d i n g f i r e s . P a r t V , F i r e t e s t s o n s t r u c t u r a l e l e r n e n t s b y N ' . D a v e y a n d L . A . A s h t o n .
( i . ' 1
t 6
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2 3z 9
5 6
5 9
7 3 7 37 6
B 3P r e s t r e s s e d B e a r n s P a r t 4 4 . I 4 . 2 4 . 3 4 . 4 4 . 5
4 . 6
F i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f a p r e s t r e e s e d c o n c r e t e f l o o r p a n e l . T e s t N o . S F T t b y G . E . T r o x e l t . I l 4 F i r e t e s t o f a p r e s t r e s s e d p r e c a s t d o u b l e t e e f l o o r . T e s t N o . S F T 3 b y G . E . T r o x e l l . l l 7 F i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f p r e s t r e s s e d c o n c r e t e b e a m s b y A s h t o n a n d B a t e . F i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f p r e s t r e s s e d c o n c r e t ebearns. Study A. Influence of thickness of
c o n c r e t e c o v e r i n g o v e r p r e e t r e s e l n g s t e e l s t r a n d b y C . C . C a r l s o n .
Effect of restraint and the fire resietance of
p r e s t r e s s e d c o n c r e t e b y S . L . S e l v a g g i o a n d C . C . C a r l s o n .
I z 7
lzt
t32
r43
L46 t47 F i r e r e s i e t a n c e o f p r e s t r e s s e d c o n c r e t e b e a r n e .Study B. Influence of. aggre.gate and load
i n t e n s i t y b y S . L . S e l v a g g i o a n d C . C . C a r l e o n . 1 3 6 R e p o r t o n p r e s t r e s s e d c o n c r e t e i n v e r t e d t e e
b e a r n s p o s t - t e n s i o n e d b y U n d e r w r i t e r s ' L a b o r a t o r i e s , I n c .
4 . 7
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION RELATING TO PRESTRESSED CONCRETE FLOORS
ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF TEST INFORMATION
T a b l e l . l . l T a b l e T a b l e F i g u r e F i g u r e S e c t i o n 1 . 2 l . l . z 1 . 1 . 3 l . l . A 1 . 1 . 8 T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e S e c t i o n 1 . 3 T a b l e l . 3 . I F i g u r e l . 3 . A S e c t i o n 2 . I - F i r e T a b l e Z . I . I F i g u r e Z . l " A F i g u r e Z . l . B F i g u r e Z . I . C F i g u r e 2 . l . D s o l i d c o n c r e t e s l a b s a n d t h e i r s i g n i f i c a n c e b y C a r l A . M e n z e l . G e n e r a l D a t a o f T e s t s f o r F i r e R e s i s t a n c e ,
Therrnal Properties and Strength of Solid
C o n c r e t e S l a b s .
Data on Concrete and Aggregates Used on C o n c r e t e S l a b s .
T e s t s o f B a r e a n d P l a s t e r e d R i b b e d - S l a b S p e c i r n e n s .
Details of B in. Solid Slab Assernbly.
D e t a i l s o f P l a s t e r e d R i b b e d - S l a b F l o o r A s s e m b l y .
- I n v e s t i g a t i o n s on building fires. P a r t V , F i r e t e e t s o n
structural elernents by N. Davey and L. A, Ashton.
1 . 2 . 7 4 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e l f f a l l . l . Z . Z 4 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e W a l l . 1 . 2 . 3 8 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e W a l l . T h e f i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f n o - f i n e s c o n c r e t e w a l l s b y L . A . A s h t o n a n d R " H . B i g r n o r e . S u r n r n a r y o f R e s u l t s o f F i r e R e s i s t a n c e T e s t e o f N o - F i n e s C o n c r e t e W a l l s .
Detail of one of the blocke and elevation of wall i n r e s t r a i n i n g f u r n a c e .
r e e i s t a n c e o f c o n c r e t e f l o o r s b y D a n i e l S . G o a l w l n .
Surnrnary of Fire Endurance Tests of Reinforced C o n c r e t e F l o o r C o n s t r u c t i o n . C o n s t r u c t i o n o f F l o o r s 2 5 A , Z 7 A a n d 3 0 A . C o n s t r u c t i o n o f F l o o r s 3 5 A , 3 8 A a n d 7 l A . C o n s t r u c t i o n o f F l o o r 3 7 . C o n s t r u c t i o n o f F l o o r 3 8 . ( .t'i )
Lrsr oF TABLES AND FTGURES
(CONT'D)
S e c t i o n 2 . 2 - I n v e s t i g a t i o n s o n b u i l d i n g f i r e s . P a r t V , F i r e t e s t s o n s t r u c t u r a l e l e r n e n t s b y N . D a v e y a n d L . A . A s h t o n . T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b I e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e Table T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l ez . z . l
2 . 2 " 2
z . 2 . 3
2 . 2 . 4
2 . 2 . 5
z . 2 . 6
2 . 2 . 7
z . z . B
z . 2 . 9
z . ? . l 0
2 . ? . l r
2 . 2 . L Z
2 . Z . 1 3
z . z . 1 4
z . z . 1 5
? . 2 . L 6
z . z . r 7
z . z . 1 8
z . z . 1 9
2 . 2 . 2 0z. z. zr
6 i n . F i l l e r J o l s t F l o o r s . 6 i n . F i l l e r J o i s t F l o o r s . 7 i n . F i l l e r J o i e t F l o o r s .5 3/4 in. Filler Joist Floor with Wood Deck and P l a s t e r C e i l i n g .
5 3/4 in. Filler Joist Floor with Wood Deck and P l a s t e r C e i l i n g .
4 3/4 in. Filler Joist Floor with Wood Deck and P l a s t e r C e i l i n g ,
4 3/ 4 in. Filler Joist Floor with Wood Deck and P l a s t e r C e i l i n g .
4 3/4 in. Filler Joist Floor with Wood Deck and P l a s t e r C e i l i n g . 6 i n . F i l l e r J o i s t F l o o r . 6 i n . F i l l e r J o i s t F l o o r . 6 i n " F i l l e r J o i s t F l o o r " 5 i n " F i l l e r J o i s t F l o o r . 4 i n . F i l l e r J o i s t F l o o r . 4 i n . F i l l e r J o i s t F l o o r . z l / Z i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e 3 I / 4 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e 3 1 / 4 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e 3 l / 4 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e I l / 4 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e 3 l / 4 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e P l a s t e r C e i l i n g . 3 l / 4 i n . R e i n f g r c e d C o n c r e t e S p r a y e d A s b e s t o s C e i l i n g . J o i s t e d F l o o r . S l a b F l o o r . S l a b F l o o r . Slab Floor. S l a b F l o o r . Slab Floor with
Slab Floor with
T a b l e Z . Z . Z z T a b l e Z . Z . Z 3 T a b l e 2 . Z . 2 4 T a b l e Z . Z . ? 5 T a b l e 2 . 2 . Z 6 T a b l e Z . 2 . 2 7 T a b l e Z . Z . Z 8 T a b l e 2 , . ? . 2 9 T a b l e Z . 2 . 3 0 T a b l e Z " ? " 3 L T a b l e Z . ? . 3 2 T a b l e ? . 2 . 3 3 T a b l e Z . Z . 3 4 T a b l e Z . 2 . 3 5 T a b l e ? - Z . 3 6 T a b l e Z . Z " 3 7 T a b l e Z . Z . 3 8 T a b l e Z . Z , 3 9 T a b l e Z . Z . 4 0 T a b l e Z . 2 " 4 L T a b l e Z . Z . 4 2 T a b l e Z . 2 . 4 3 T a b l e 2 . 2 . 4 4 4 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r . 4 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r . 4 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r . 4 I / ? i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r . 4 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r . + t / Z i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r . + t / Z i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r . 4 L / Z i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e l S l a b F l o o r . I 4 1 / 2 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e i S l a b F l o o r . 4 L / z . i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e ] S t a U F l o o r , 4 l / Z i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r . 4 L / Z i n . R e i n f o r c e d . C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r . 5 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r . 5 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r Including Plaeter Ceiling.
5 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r Including Plaster Ceiling.
5 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r
Including Plaster Ceiling.
6 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r . 6 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r . 6 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r . 6 i n , R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r . 7 i n . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e S l a b F l o o r .
5 l/Z in. Hollow Clay Tile Floor with Plaster C e i l i n g .
5 VZ in. Hollow Clay Tile Floor with Plaeter C e i l i n g .
S e c t i o n 2 . Z ( c o n t r d ) T a b l e Z . 2 . 4 5 T a b l e 2 . 2 . 4 6 T a b l e 2 . 2 . 4 7 T a b l e Z . 2 . 4 8 T a b l e Z . ? . 4 9 T a b l e Z . Z . 5 0 T a b l e Z " Z . 5 l S e c t i o n 2 . 3 T a b l e 2 . T a b l e 2 . 3 . Z F i g u r e 2 . 3 . A F i g u r e 2 . 3 . 8 Table T a b 1 e T a b l e T a b l e Table
LrsT oF TABLES AND FIGURES (CONTTD)
5 l/2 in. Hollow Clay Tile Floor with Wood D e c k a n d P l a s t e r C e i l i n g "
5 L/ Z in, Hollow Clay Tile Floor with lJtlood Deck and Plaster Ceiling.
5 l/ Z in. Hollow Clay Tile Floor with $rood D e c k a n d P l a s t e r C e i l i n g .
S t/Z in. Hollow Clay Tile Floor with Plaster C e i l i n g .
5 L/ 2 in. Hollow Clay Tile Floor with Plaeter C e i l i n g .
5 l/Z in. Hollow Clay Tile Floor with Plaeter C e i l i a g .
7 l/Z in. Hollow Clay Tile Floor wlth Plaster C e i l i n g .
F i r e e n d u r a n c e o f p r e c a s t c e l l u l a r c o n c r e t e f l o o r s a n d r o o f s b y J . V . R y a n a n d E . W . B e n d e r .
3. I Surnrnary of Specirnen Details and Resulte of
F i r e T e s t s .
Moisture Content.
Reinforcement Details.
Arrangernent of Planks Within the Furnace
Opening.
S e c t i o n 2 . 4 - F i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e f l o o r e b y J. P. Thornpson.
2 . 4 . 1 C o n c r e t e D a t a .
2.4.2 Indicated Relative Hurniditiee in Concrete.
2 . 4 . 3 F i r e T e s t D a t a .
2 . 4 . 4 C h a n g e s i n D e f l e c t i o n .
2 . 4 . 5 D a t a o n S u p p l e r n e n t a r y P a n e l T e s t s .
T a b l e 2 . 4 . 6 I n d i c a t e d R e l a t i v e H u r n i d i t i e s i n P a n e I s
1 9 to z z .
T a b l e 7 . 4 . 7 T h i c k n e s s o f C o n c r e t e P r o t e c t i o n o f Reinf orcernent. T a b l e 2 . 4 . 8 D a t a o n P a r r r s l . s 2 3 t o 3 1 . F i g u r e 2 . 4 . A P l a n a n d D e t a i l s o f F t o o r . F i g u r e 2 . 4 . 8 P l a n a n d D e t a i l s o f F l o o r s w i t h D u c t s . F i g u r e 2 . 4 . C P l a n a n d D e t a i l s o f J o i s t e d F l o o r s w i t h D u c t s .Section 3. I - Fire tests of building colurnns by Ingberg, Griffin, R o b i n s o n a n d W i l s o n . T a b l e 3 . 1 . 1 R e s u l t s o f F i r e T e s t s . F i g u r e 3 . l . A D e t a i l s o f C o l u r n n s . S e c t i o n 3 . 2 - F i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f c o n c r e t e c o l u r n n s b y W . A . H u l l a n d S . H . I n g b e r g . T a b l e 3 . 2 . 1 S p i r a l l y a n d V e r t i c a l l y R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e Colurnns. T a b l e 3 . 2 . 2 R o u n d V e r t i c a l l y R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . T a b l e 3 . 2 . 3 P l a i n C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s . T a b l e 3 . 2 . 4 S q u a r e V e r t i c a l l y R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e C o l u r r l n s . T a b l e 3 . 2 . 5 T w e l v e - I n . C o l u r n n s . T a b l e 3 . 2 . 6 C o l u r n n s P r o t e c t e d b y C o n c r e t e a n d P l a s t e r . T a b l e 3 . 2 . 7 C o l u r n n s P r o t e c t e d b y P l a s t e r R e p l a c i n g C o n c r e t e P r o t e c t i o n . T a b L e 3 . 2 . 8 C o l u r n n s C a s t i n G y p s u r n F o r r n s . T a b l e 3 . 2 . 9 C o l u r n n s w i t l n 2 L / Z I n . o f P r o t e c t i v e C o n c r e t e . ( * )
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES (CONTID) I n v e s t i g a t i o n s o n b u i l d i n g f i r e s . P a r t V , F i r e t e s t s o n s t r u c t u r a l e l e r n e n t s b y N . D a v e y a n d L . A . A e h t o n . S e c t i o n 3 . 3 T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e 3 . 3 . I 3 . 3 . 2 3 . 3 . 3 3 . 3 . 4 3 . 3 . 5 3 . 3 " 6 3 . 3 . 7 3 . 3 . 8 3 , 3 . 9 3 . 3 . l 0 3 . 3 . l l 3 . 3 . r ? 3 . 3 . l 3 3 . 3 . 1 4 3 . 3 . l 5 3 . 3 . 1 6 3 . 3 . 1 7 3 . 3 . l 8 3 . 3 . l 9 3 . 3 . Z 0 3 . 3 . Z l 3 . 3 . Z Z 3 . 3 . 2 3 3 . 3 . 2 4 3 . 3 . 2 5
6 in, x 6 in. Concrete Colurnns. 6 i n . x 6 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s , l 0 i n . x 1 0 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . 1 0 i n . x l 0 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l 0 i n . x l 0 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l 0 i n . x l 0 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l 0 i n " x l 0 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s . l 0 i n . x l 0 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . 1 0 i n . x l 0 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l 0 i n . x l 0 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l 0 i n . x l 0 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n e . l 0 i n . x 1 0 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l 0 i n . x l 0 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . 1 l i n . x l 1 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s . l l i n . x l l i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l 1 i n . x l l i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s . l l i n " x l 1 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s . 1 l i n . x I I i n " C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s . 1 l i n . x I I i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s .
I I in. x I I in. Concrete Colurnns with Plaster P r o t e c t i o n . l l i n " x I I i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l l i n . x I l i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s . l 1 i n . x l 1 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l l i n . x l l i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l l i n . x l l i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s . ( x i )
T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b I e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e T a b l e 3 . 3 . 2 6 3 . 3 . 2 7 3 . 3 . Z B 3 . 3 . Z g 3 . 3 . 3 0 3 . 3 . 3 1 3 . 3 . 3 2 3 " 3 . 3 3 3 . 3 " 3 4 3 . 3 " 3 5 3 . 3 " 3 6 3 " 3 . 3 7 3 . 3 . 3 8 3 . 3 . 3 9 3 . 3 . 4 0 3 . 3 . 4 r 3 . 3 " 4 z 3 . 3 " 4 3 3 . 3 . 4 4 3 . 3 " 4 5 3 . 3 . 4 6 3 " 3 " 4 7 3 . 3 . 4 8 3 . 3 . 4 9 3 . 3 . 5 0 3 . 3 . 5 1 l l i n . x l l i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l l i n . x l l i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l ' l i n " x I I i n " C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l 2 i n . x l 2 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l 4 i n . x 1 4 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . 1 5 i n . x l 5 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s . I 5 i n . x I 5 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . l 6 i n . x l 6 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u r n n s . 1 6 i n . x l 5 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s . I 6 i n . x l 6 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s . 1 9 i n . x 1 9 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s . Z O i n . x 2 0 i n . C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s . 2 0 i n " x Z 0 i n , C o n c r e t e C o l u m n s .
ZO l/4 ino x ZO l/4 in. Concrete Colurrrns. lZ in. Dirn" Octagonal Colurnns.
l2 in. Dirn. Octagonal Colurnns. 14 in. Dirn" Octagonal Colurnns. l6 in. Dirn. Octagonal Colurnns. 16 in. Dirn" Octagonal Columns, 20 in. Dirn. Octagonal Columns. Z0 in. Dirn. Octagonal Colurnns. R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e T e e B e a m s . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e T e e B e a m s . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e T e e B e a m s . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e T e e B e a r n s . R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e T e e B e a m s . ( xii
S e c t i o n 3 . 3 ( c o n t r d ) T a b l e 3 . 3 . 5 2 T a b l e 3 . 3 . 5 3
Section4.
I -
il:::
T a b l e 4 . l . I T a b l e 4 . I . 2 T a b l e 4 . 1 . 3 T a b l e 4 . 1 . 4 F i g u r e 4 . l . A S e c t i o n 4 . Z - ; : : ; T a b l e 4 . Z . l F i g u r e 4 . S e c t i o n 4 . 3LrsT oF TABLES AND FTGURES (CONTTD)
R e i d f o r c e d C o n c r e t e T e e B e a m s .
B i n ! x l 2 i n , R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e B e a r n s .
r e s i s t a n c e o f a p r e s t r e s s e d c o n c r e t e f l o o r p a n e l . N o . S F T I b y G . E . T r o x e l l "
Relative Hurnidity in Concrete.
T e r n p e r a t u r e s o f C a b l e s A f t e r 4 H r F i r e T e s t . T e r n p e r a t u r e s o f C o n c r e t e A f t e r 4 H r F i r e T e s t . D e f l e c t i o n s o f F l o o r P a n e l s . S e c t i o n s o f T e s t P a n e l . t e s t o f a p r e s t r e s s e d p r e c a s t d o u b l e t e e f l o o r . N o . S F T 3 b y G . E . T r o x e l l .
Average Ternperatures of Therrnocouples ln
P r e s t r e s s i n g S t e e 1 .
Z . A C r o s s S e c t i o n s T h r o u g h T e s t S p e c i r n e n s .
F i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f p r e s t r e s s e d c o n c r e t e b e a r n s b y Ashton and Bate.
T a b l e 4 . 3 . I T i r n e s t o F a i l u r e f o r P r e s t r e s s e d C o n c r e t e Beams in Fire Tests - Surnmary of Main P r o g r a r n .
D i r n e n s i o n s o f T e s t S p e c i r n e n s .
E s t i r n a t e d S t r e s s i n C o n c r e t e a t T i m e o f F i r e T e s t s .
Surnrnary of Results of Structural Tests. Section Through Typ. A Bearn Showing Se condary Reinf or ce rnent.
T a b l e T a b l e T a b I e F i g u r e 4 . 3 . 4 4 . 3 . A 4 . 3 . 2 4 . 3 . 3 F i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f p r e s t r e s s e d c o n c r e t e b e a r n s . S t u d y A . I n f l u e n c e o f t h i c k n e s s o f c o n c r e t e c o v e r i n g o v e r p r e s t r e s s i n g s t e e l s t r a n d b y C " C . C a r l s o n . S e c t i o n 4 . 4 ( xiii
T a b l e 4 . 4 . 1 S u r n m a r y o f D e s i g n C o r n p u t a t i o n s . T a b l e 4 . 4 . 2 S u r n r n a r y o f F i r e T e s t R e s u l t s . F i g u r e 4 . 4 . A S e c t i o n s o f T e e B e a r n s . F i g u r e 4 . 4 " 8 s t i r r u p D e t a i l s a n d L o n g i t u d i n a l s e c t i o n o f B e a r n .
sec'fion
4' 5 -
:Ji:::.T
:il:lH'#:ll: T:;#;#lil"it:'11","o.,.
T a b l e 4 . 5 . 1 C o n c r e t e M i x D a t a
Table 4. 5. Z Surnrnary of Te st Re sulte
F i g u r e 4 " 5 . A S e c t i o n T h r o u g h T e s t F l o o r A s s e m b l y
S e c t i o n 4 . 6 - F i r e r e s i s t a n c e o f p r e s t r e s s e d c o n c r e t e b e a r n s . S t u d y
B. Influence of aggregate and load intensity by
S . L . S e l v a g g i o a n d C . C . C a r l s o n . T a b l e 4 . 6 . I S u r n r n a r y o f F i r e T e s t R e s u l t s . F i g u r e 4 . 6 . A C r o s s S e c t i o n o f B e a r n s . F i g u r e 4 " 6 . 8 L o n g i t u d i n a l S e c t i o n o f B e a r n s " F i g u r e 4 . 6 . C L o n g i t u d i n a l S p l i t t i n g i n P r e s t r e s s e d T e s t B e a r n s . S e c t i o n 4 . 7 - R e p o r t o n p r e s t r e s s e d c o n c r e t e i n v e r t e d t e e b e a r n s p o s t - t e n s i o n e d b y U n d e r w r i t e r s ' L a b o r a t o r i e s , I n c . T a b l e 4 . 7 . 1 D e f l e c t i o n s o f P o s t - T e n s i o n e d B e a r n w i t h B o n d e d T e n d o n s . T a b l e 4 " 7 " Z D e f l e c t i o n s o f P o s t * T e n s i o n e d B e a r n w i t h U n b o n d e d T e n d o n s . ( x i v )
FIRE ENDURANCE O F C O N C R E T E
by
ASSEMBLIES
M u r d o c h G a l b r e a t h
STANDARD MBTHODS OF TEST
The tests reported in this docurnent have been conducted e s s e n t i a l l y i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e S t a n d a r d M e t h o d s o f F i r e T e s t , A S T M E l l 9 o r B S 4 7 6 . I n g e n e r a l w h e r e d e v i a t i o n s f r o r n t h e
standard have been rnade these are noted in the text. The rnore s i g n i f i c a n t d e t a i l s o f t h e t e s t r n e t h o d s a r e a s f o l l o w s :
( l ) F u r n a c e t e r n p e r a t u r e s
T h e f u r n a c e t e r n p e r a t u r e s s p e c i f i e d i n b o t h t e s t r n e t h o d s are the sarrle up to 2 hours and thereafter the temperatureB in the B r i t i s h t e s t i n c r e a s e a t a s l i g h t l y h i g h e r r a t e . F o r e x a r n p l e , t h e t e m p e r a t u r e i a t 5 r n i n i s 1 0 0 0 " F a t 3 0 r n i n i s 1 5 5 0 ' F a t I h r i s 1 7 0 0 " F a t 4 h r i s 2 0 0 0 " F i n A S T M E l 1 9 a n d a t 4 h r i s Z 0 5 Q " F i n B S 4 7 6 . ( Z l D i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e r n e a n s u s e d t o r n e a s u r e f u r n a c e t e r n p e r a t u r g s T h e B r i t i s h t e s t h a s a n e x p o s e d t h e r r n o c o u p l e w h e r e a s t h e ASTM test has the therrnocouple in a rnetal tube. This has the effect o f r n a k i n g t h e B r i t i s h t e s t l e s s s e v e r e i n t h e e a r l y s t a g e s o f a f i r e t e s t a n d f o r a t e s t o f s h o r t d u r a t i o n "
( 3 ) S i z e o f t e s t s p e c i r n e n
The rninirnum sizes of specirnens required by the ASTM tests a r e a s f o l l o w s :
for walls and partitions rninirnurn area 100 sq ft, rninirnurn dirnension 9 ft
for floors and roofs rninirnurn area 180 sq ft, rninirnurn dirnension IZ ft"
In the British test the rninifnurn siz,e for any test specirnen w a l l o r f l o o r i s l 0 f t b v l 0 f t .
( 4 ) C r i t e r i a f o r f a i l u r e T h e c r i t e r i a f o r f a i l u r e i n b o t h r n e t h o d s o f t e s t a r e a s f o l l o w s : ( a ) c o l l a p s e o f t h e s p e c i r n e n ( b ) t e r n p e r a t u r e r i s e o f . Z 5 O o F a v e r a g e o r 3 5 0 ' F a t o n e p o i n t o n t h e u n e x p o s e d f a c e ( " ) d e v e l o p m e n t o f c r a c k s o r f i s s u r e s t h r o u g h w h i c h f l a r n e o r h o t g a s e s m a y p a a s . T h e A S T M t e s t r e q u i r e s t h a t a l l t h r e e o f t h e e e c o n d i t i o n e b e r n e t i n a t e s t o n a w a l l , f l o o r o r r o o f . T h e B r i t i s h t e s t p e r r n i t s ( b ) o r ( c ) t o b e w a i v e d , r r i f r e l e v a n t i l , o r i t m a y r e q u i r e t h e i r f u l
-fillrnent for sorne predeterrnined period.
( 5) Double loading
The ASTM test has an additional requlrement for
load-bearing walls, that after cooling, but within 77}r.r, a load equal to d o u b l e t h e d e s i g n l o a d s h a l l b e a p p l i e d t o t h e t e e t e p e c i m e n o T h l s d o u b l e l o a d i n g b e f o r e 1 9 5 4 w a s a l s o a p p l i e d t o f l o o r s a n d r o o f e ' T h e B r i t i s h t e s t d o e s n o t r e q u i r e d o u b l e l o a d i n g b u t d o e a h a v e a p r o v i e l o n that the design load be reapplied 48 hr after a teet on any loadbearing as eernbly.
( 6 ) H o e e s t r e a r n
T h e A S T M f i r e e n d u r a n c e t e s t o n w a l l s o f o v e r l - h r f i r e endurance requires that a duplicate specirnen be exposed to the furnace for half the fire endurance period but not rnore than I hr and that the
s p e c i m e n b e t h e n e x p o s e d t o w a t e r f r o m a s t a n d a r d f i r e h o s e . A s a n
alternative to the above, the original teet specirnen rnay be subjected
t o t h e h o s e e t r e a m f o l l o w i n g t h e f i r e e n d u r a n c e t e s t . T h e B r i t i s h t e s t d i d r e q u i r e a h o s e - s t r e a r n t e s t , b u t t h i e w a s d e l e t e d i n 1 9 5 3 a n d h a s n o t b e e n r e q u i r e d e i n c e .
(7) Cornbustibilitv
F r o m 1 9 2 6 t o 1 9 5 4 A S T M E l l g r e q u i r e d t h a t a s s e r n b l i e s containing cornbustibles in sufficient quantity or 8o arranged as to c o n t i n u e b u r n i n g a f t e r t h e d e s i r e d t i r n e p e r i o d - w e r e c l a s s i f i e d a s r r c o r n b u s t i b l e r r . This provision was dropped in 1955 in favour of a
clause requiring that rrobservations be made of significant details of
the behaviour of the rnaterial or construction during the test and
after, giving inforrnation on deforrnations, spalling, cracking, burning,
continuance of flarning and production of smoketr.
3
-a c c o r d -a n c e w i t h t h e n e w C -a n -a d i -a n S t -a n d -a r d s A s s o c i -a t i o n ( C S A ) M e t h o d s o f T e s t ( C S A 8 5 4 " 3 1 9 6 4 ( 5 ) ) " T h e C S A t e s t s a r e e s s e n t i a l l y t h e s a r r r e a s t h e A S T M t e s t . T h e r e a r e a f e w p o i n t s o f d i f f e r e n c e , h o w e v e r . F o r e x a r n p l e , t h e C S A t e s t s t a t e s t h a t i n t h e c a s e o f r o o f a s s e r n b l i e s , t h e t e r n p e r a t u r e r i s e i s n e g l e c t e d . FIRE PERFORMANCE T h e f i r e t e s t s r e p o r t e d i n t h i s d o c u r n e n t h a v e b e e n a r r a n g e d i n f o u r g r o u p s a s f o l l o w s : P a r t I -P a r t Z -P a r t 3 -P a r t 4 W a l l s F l o o r s a n d R o o f s Colurnns and Bearns P r e s t r e s s e d B e a r n s . C o n c r e t e E x p o s e d t o F i r e C o n c r e t e , w h e n i t i s e x p o s e d t o s t a n d a r d f u r n a c e t e r n p e r a t u r e s , i s s u b j e c t t o p r o g r e s s i v e l o s s i n s t r e n g t h a s t h e c e m e n t b e c o m e s d e c o r n p o s e d . A s t h e c o n c r e t e i s a r e l a t i v e l y g o o d i n s u l a t o r , t h i s d e t e r i -o r a t i -o n g e n e r a l l y t a k e s p l a c e i n t h e -o u t e r I -o r 2 i n . -o n t h e f i r e - e x p -o s e d s u r f a c e s . I t h a s b e e n d e t e r r n i n e d a s a r e s u l t o f a B r i t i s h s t u d y t h a t t h e p e r c e n t a g e o f s t r e n g t h r e t a i n e d f o r r e g u l a r c o n c r e t e a t e l e v a t e d t e r n p e r a t u r e s i s r o u g h l y a s f o l l o w s : a t 5 B 0 o F c o n c r e t e r n a y b e e x p e c t e d t o r e t a i n 9 0 p e r c e n t o f i t s o r i g i n a l s t r e n g t h a t 9 3 0 o F c o n c r e t e r n a y b e e x p e c t e d t o r e t a i n 5 0 p e r c e n t o f i t s o r i g i n a l s t r e n g t h a t l Z 9 0 o F c o n c r e t e r n a y b e e x p e c t e d t o r e t a i n 3 3 l / 3 p e r c e n t o f i t s o r i g i n a l s t r e n g t h . A g g r e g a t e s T h e f i r e p e r f o r r n a n c e o f c o n c r e t e i s a l s o d e p e n d e n t o n t h etype of coarse aggregate used in the rnix. It has been observed that
concretes containing lirnestone and dolomite aggregate display
f a v o u r a b l e q u a l i t i e s w h e n e x p o s e d t o f i r e . T h e l i r n e s t o n e d e c o r n p o a e s g r a d u a l l y a s t h e t e r n p e r a t u r e i n c r e a s e s a n d i n d e c o r n p o s i n g t a k e s u p
sorrre of the available heat. Aggregates containing significant
pro-portions of quartz in crystalline forrn are sornetirnes subject to
explosive spalling. This is due to a change in the forrn of the qluartz
t h a t t a k e s p l a c e a t t e r n p e r a t u r e s e n c o u n t e r e d i n t h e S t a n d a r d F i r e T e s t .
Aggregates forrned by calcination of naturally occurring r n a t e r i a l s s u c h a s b r o k e n b r i c k , e x p a n d e d c l a y o r s h a l e a n d e x p a n d e d
slag are rnore stable at furnace temperatures, and the lightweight a g g r e g a t e s a l s o c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e t h e r m a l i n s u l a t i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e c o n c r e t e .
Moisture Content
A third significant factor in the fire endurance of concrete
is moisture content at tirne of test. To a point, ary increase in
rnoisture content will result ln a significant increase in fire endurance. T h i s i s b e c a u s e t h e w a t e r a b s o r b s h e a t a s i t i s d r i v e n o f f . T h e
Standard Method of Fire Test now specifies lirnits of rnoisture content
for fire testing. At the sarne tirne it should be noted that excessive
r n o i s t u r e c o n t e n t , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n a d e n s e c o n c r e t e , c a n l e a d t o t h e g e n e r a t i o n o f s t e a m i n t h e c o n c r e t e a n d e x p l o s i v e s p a l l i n g .
M a s s
S e v e r a l o f t h e e a r l i e r w o r k e r s , s u c h a s M e n z e l ( s e e S e c t i o n 1 . 1 ) , h a v e d e r i v e d f o r r n u l a e r e l a t i n g t h e r m a l f i r e e n d u r a n c e to the arnount of solid rnaterial in a wall or floor.
I n r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e f l o o r s a n d b e a m s , t h e s t r u c t u r a l
integrity under load is dependent on the contribution of the eteel
r e i n f o r c i n g b a r s . S t e e l l o s e s r n u c h o f i t s s t r e n g t h w h e n r a i e e d t o t e r n p e r a t u r e s o f a r o u n d 1 0 0 0 " F t o 1 2 0 0 " . F . T h e s t r u c t u r a l f i r e endurance will depend therefore on the insulating cover of concrete a n d p l a s t e r t h a t i s b e t w e e n t h e r e i n f o r c e m e n t a n d t h e f i r e e x p o s u r e . T h i s c a n b e o b s e r v e d i n a n u r n b e r o f t h e t e s t s r e p o r t e d i n t h i s p a p e r . Colurnns
C o l u m n s a r e n o t r e q u i r e d t o p r o v i d e a b a r r i e r t o f i r e ; t h e i r
sole function is to rernain in place and carry the irnposed loads. As
h a s b e e n n o t e d a b o v e t h e r e i s a p r o g r e s s i v e r e d u c t i o n i n t h e s t r e n g t h o f c o n c r e t e e x p o s e d t o f i r e . T h e s t e e l a l s o r n a y b e e x p e c t e d t o
w e a k e n w h e n i t r e a c h e s t e r n p e r a t u r e s a p p r o a c h i n g 1 0 0 0 " F . T h e f i r e
endurance of a concrete colurnn will depend therefore on its rnass;
o n t h e d e p t h o f c o v e r t o t h e r e i n f o r c i n g s t e e l , i f t h e s t e e l i s s t r e e s e d ;
and on the load carried in relation to the breaking load. An increase in
t h e r e a l f a c t o r o f s a f e t y i s l i k e l y t o r e s u l t i n a n i n c r e a s e i n t h e f i r e endurance and conversely a reduction in the factor of safety trray reduce t h e f i r e e n d u r a n c e . I t r n a y b e n o t e d t h a t i n s o l n e o f t h e B r i t i s h t e s t s
r e p o r t e d t h e l o a d s i r n p o s e d w e r e I L / Z t i r n e s t h e d e s i g n l o a d . T h i s i s a s e v e r e r e s t r i c t i o n t h a t w a s f o r r n e r l y i r n p o s e d b y t h e B r i t i s h t e s t B S 4 7 6 .
5
-P r e s t r e s s e d C o n c r e t e
In prestressed concrete, the effect of high ternperatures
on the reinforcing eteel is probably more critical. The British
authorlties have suggested that ternperaturee of the preetresslng
tendons should not exceed 752"F (see Section 4.2). Selvagglo and
Carlson (see Section 4.4) have demonstrated that the irnposition of
restraining forces can lirnit deflectione durlng the fire test. They
also note, however, that restraining forcee of the magnitude applled
in their teet series are unlikely to be encountered in a buildlng
structure. The effect of undue reetraint in a fire test therefore ie
to extend the period of etructural stability of a prestressed concrete
PART I CONCRETE WALLS
S E C T I O N I . I
R e f e r e n c e
T e s t s o f t h e F i r e R e s i s t a n c e a n d T h e r r n a l P r o p e r t i e s of Solid Concrete Slabs and their Significance by Carl A . M e n z e l . P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e A r n e r i c a n S o c i e t y f o r T e s t i n g a n d M a t e r i a l s , V o l . 4 3 , 1 9 4 3 . N o t e s T h e r e p o r t d e s c r i b e s f i r e t e s t s o n l 6 s o l i d c o n c r e t e s l a b s a n d 2 r i b b e d s l a b s . T h e t e e t s f o l l o w e d t h e g e n e r a l p r o v i s i o n s o f S t a n d a r d F i r e T e s t A S T M E l l 9 , e x c e p t i n t h e s i z e o f t h e s p e c i r r r e n s . T h e s l a b s w e r e 6 f t b y 5 f t 4 i n . T h e t e s t s m u s t t h e r e f o r e b e r e g a r d e d a s n o n - s t a n d a r d t e s t s . T a b l e s a n d f i g u r e s a r e r e p r o d u c e d w i t h t h e
perrnission of the Arnerican Society for Testing and Materials. (Table
a n d f i g u r e n u r n b e r s h a v e b e e n c h a n g e d f o r p u r p o s e e o f t h i s p a p e r . ) T h e s l a b s w e r e d e s i g n e d t o s i r n u l a t e c o n c r e t e f l o o r s a n d i n c l u d e d r e i n f o r c i , n g s t e e l . T h e t e s t s , h o w e v e r , w e r e a l l c o n d u c t e d
with the specirnenq in a vertical position as in a wall test.
Super-irnposed loads were Super-irnposed on the solid slabs during the tests as f o r l o a d b e a r i n g w a l l s . T h e s u p e r i r n p o s e d l o a d s w e r e 5 0 0 p s i o n t h e
4 - i n . s l a b s a n d 4 0 0 p s i o n t h e 6 - a n d B - i n . s l a b s . E a c h s l a b w a s subjected to two fire endurance tests and subsequehtty was loaded to
failure or to the lirnits of the hydraulic jacks. These lirnits were
e q u i v a l e n t t o 1 ? 0 0 p s i , 1 1 3 0 p s i , a n d 8 5 0 p s i f o r s l a b s 4 i n . , 6 i n . a n d 8 i n , t h i c k , r e s p e c t i v e l y .
The solid slabs were 4 in., 6 in. and 8 in. thick. A
t y p i c a l s e c t i o n i s s h o w n i n F i g u r e Z . l . A .
A g g r e g a t e s u s e d i n t h e c o n c r e t e s w e r e :
(l) a highly siliceous aggregate
( Z l a c a l c a r e o u s a g g r e g a t e ( 3 ) H a y d i t e
l4l a rnixture of siliceous aggtegate and Haydite. These
a r e d e s c r i b e d i n s o r n e d e t a i l i n T a b l e l . l . Z . T h e r e s u l t s o f t h e f i r e e n d u r a n c e t e s t s a r e s e t o u t i n T a b l e l . l . 1 .
7 -b e t w e e n r i -b s . T h e i n t e r m e d i a t e r i b s w e r e 5 i n . w i d e b y 8 l n . d e e p a n d t h e o u t e r r i b s a b o u t 2 l / Z i n . w i d e b y 8 i n . d e e p ( e s t i r n a t e d f r o m d r a w i n g , s e e F i g u r e l . l . B ) . O n e s l a b w a s t e s t e d w i t h a g y p s u m s a n d p l a s t e r e d c e i l i n g , t h e o t h e r w i t h o u t a c e i l i n g . T h e d e e c r i p t i o n o f t h e r n a t e r i a l s a n d t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e f i r e e n d u r a n c e t e s t s a r e s h o w n i n T a b l e f " 1 . 3 .
It is noted that the thermal fire endurance of the ribbed slab with plaster ceiling was alrnost the sarne as that derived by calculation
on the assumption that the concrete was redistributed in the forrn of a
uniforrn flat slab of the sarne equivalent thickness. Thie rnay be true if the
ceiling remalns in place for the full period of fire endurance deslred.
It has been observed in other tests{'that rnany corrrmon ceilings tend to
f a l t o f f a t a n e a r l y s t a g e . C a r e s h o u l d t h e r e f o r e b e e x e r c i s e d i n
predicting fire endurance of concrete rib elab floors on the basie of
this information.
* Galbreath, Murdoch. Fire Endurance of Light-frarned
M i s c e l l a n e o u s A s s e r n b l i e s . T e c h n i c a l P a p e r N o . Z Z 2 , o f B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h , N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l , J u n e N R C 9 0 8 5 . and Division 1 9 6 6 ,
T A B L E I . I . I
l\'l l,:lrzr':r, oN Flut Rl:srsrnrucn lHrr Tllnnnrnl, I'nonriRTtns oF CoNcRnrn Sr,nns
NC}T''S AND RNi'AN,KS Gtcool Nolet - ' l L a r l n t n 1 . r r tf i . t r c l c i ' . f , r o t l c , l t o l r r i l i r a ( e r t r r r l v n f l h . r l l . . t o l r l i t l e r e n t r . r r i r l l e q . l r o r t h i s r e n r , r n l h c r l r l r l r , r n r t r r l r h n . l r l r l r r ( l t r ' , 1 1 X . n n d l l t ) n l t | , e n r i n l r v o tl l olr l,r. I l a t n h l r . . - t l r I i n n ( ' , h ( r r t . r n r l A n s r r q r l e c r r s r . l i n m n k . i , r q l h e q h l r q F e r . i r n e r r r n r c g l v e n i n t h e n r r t c r o f ' l ' n b l c i l .
Cwhe tn'l Ae. dr 7'.1t.-All shbs rrcrc crrcrl molst Inr .l r h r r ( e r c r l ' t s l r l r r l o r l e r t q N o r . t 2 r r n n , l t 2 l r v l i c h r v e r . ( r r r e . l n r o i r t l o r l 0 , l n v s ) , a n r l i n t h c n i r o f t h c l r l i l r r t , r r y l ^ r l h e n " t i o ' l s f i v i n i n c , ' l ' r m n 7 . ' l h e < C f , i r r l r l i h r : n a r i r r l s r l r o r c t r r a c a n t l h c n p n r o r i n r l l e n ( e o l e r r l r c l r l r ^ l t . : l . t . r p t i n t h c c e r o o f t h c r h l ' q l o f t . r r r N o r . l l r r n n r l t 2 7 n h i c h w c r c n c t r r r l l y J l n n r l , 1 2 r h v r o l r l , r . r l r c t i v . l v . r f l o r l h c n o r n i r a l n i r r l r y l n l 1 r ' r l o r l n l I n r o n t h ( ^ c t ' r n l l y 2 t t r h r t . ! , . l n y r . r c r i r c c -t i v r l v ) . J y a t t h a d ; t , l l l o i t t u n f . n r t l h l a . - T l r c v n l r r q s E i v c n i r r c o l -r -r n n -r . l l o ( -r -r $ c . c -r l c l e -r -r n i n c ' l l -r o m s m a l l s l n h s t ' c c i -r n c n s l 2 i n . r . l r r t r r c l s r l o q c r i h e r l in t h c n o t e r n c c o r n p n n y i n * l r i r : . t ,
Fkc.l;,qlwantc ltiol -Sine.a nonc of the slnbs Inilerl
t l r t r r n r e l r c t i o , l s r r . . c r l in l h c r l i r q r r m r o l F i f . 2 , 4 . I l . i i r ' l l . l i r c l r r s n r l o n t h c t h e r m o c o U r r l c i n r l i c n t i o r r r . ' l h t l i m c a t r v h i r h t h e n v r r i ( c r i s c o f 2 5 O ll . n n . l t h c | | r l r h r s h i c h r l i r l n o t l n i l l i l ( l c r l o l d n p n l i c n t i n n t h c r r n i t I n T l n l c x D t ( i l \ . o l l h e l n n , l i n g n F D r a t t r r s l r n r c . r e r l e r l l r v t h c w o r r l " n r ' e r . r t
Dcf,ctrinnr nn'l litl,aqinns o/.fln[.-Vnher in tolunrnr l l l n l 9 i t c l r r . e , l o n i n i l i a l - r c r r l i n n r l t [ c g i n n i n r o f c r c h c r l n s [ t c l o l i r c .
lfcawtrn,tnI o| Trnicra|rrct ll'irlir .SfoA.-'l'hc nvcriEG l i r n e r t \ ' l ; i r h l o i ) o l . ' . r v r r n t t ^ i n e . l r t e l n l i o n s i t r l h a I n t c r i . r , ' l l h s s l l h ( q o l r r r r n r 2 0 , 2 1 , n l , l 2 . 1 ) w i c ' l c t e r -m i n e , l f r o n r t h c t i t r r c - t . r n n r r l l l r r c p l n t r r t s c r l i n l r c ' n i r i r r t t l r e t i m r - l r r n r r e r n t r r e c r r v e s i n l ' i q r . l 6 t o 2 r t , ' l h e v r l r r c q i n c o l r r r n n 2 ) l ^ . ^ r l i i t r n ( c o l . l I n , l r o m c r . Foqcrl hce rvcre intarnol^tc.l (tom thc crlvcr lor ? nnd I i n . S i r t i l r r r e m r r k s n n n l y l o t h . r l i l r l o r l l r m l , ' , in tolrrmnr 25 fo 2S. Scc irotcr of lril:. I for locrtlon nnrl rlcsctirrlion of llrcimocout)lct rtscrl l,rt thcsc merr. o r a m r n l r .
Got llwu,l.-(jlricrgo City Enr, wlth A hcnt v^hrc cnn-t r o l l r r l n cnn-t N o r , ll cnn-t u , D e r c u . l cnn-t . . r v ^ s h cnn-t r r n . ' l l cnn-t r l h c l c r cnn-t lurnrcc. 'l'lre riic nt s'lrich the srs rvns tlurnerl to fol. low lhe sfnnrlarrl timc-tcmpcrhl.trrc conl-tol cilrvc wat p r i . l i c ^ l l y c n n s l i n I l o r a n y g i v e n l e s t r e l r r r l l e r r o f i t r d t r r n t i n n . \ l ' h i l e t l r e r n l c n t w h i c l r t h e r n r r r n r brttncrl rvns Dricticillv con'.\lanl lor crch tcst it vnricrl As inrlicitcrl in coltrmn il7. In ccnctal sotncrvhtt more f l r w n s b n r n e r l i n i c s l s o l t h c m o r e m r s s i v e F t n v c l ilslrs thntr In lhc cf,rc of the lighter llnyrlitc shbs.
Rciln.hr
(Lcttcrs In nrrerrihcaes rclrr [o cor]capohrlin4 lctlerr ln c o f r n r h q l , . 1 , 1 2 , 2 n , 2 1 , 2 2 , 2 5 , 2 t ' , a n t l 7 l l ( t ) A l l v a l r . " i n c , ' i l r n n q i n r i , l 9 n n , t i n c n l u r n n s 2 o , l l . n r , l 2 2 f o r l r s t N o . l 2 , t - R i n c l u , l e e l l c c t s o f l r t s i o n n h i c h l x r n r n n t t r l ' o t r t 6 , i h r . ( 2 1 ? 0 l ' . ) d u r i n , { l i r s t c t t m c n r c ( l c s l N o . l 2 . l ) . ( [ ) l n t e . t N n . t 2 J t h e f r r r : c r r r o s r r r e r v a r t r r r n i n n l e r l n l I h r , ( 5 l 0 m i n . ) . ' l ' h i q r v n c r " c l l b e f o r r t h e f i m c ^ t w h i c h ( h e r v e r a r i o f i s e o f 2 5 0 1 " , o r l h e n t n r i m t t m t i s c o [ . ! 2 5 F c e r r l r l l r a q 1 l q 6 l 1 t l t o b c t r t t . i n c r l . t n t h c i l n . e r l n s e r l s u r f r c c o l t h c s l a b f r o r n l h e t r c n d o l t h c l i n r e . l c n r l r c r r t r . e c r r v c s , f l c c r r t s c o f t h i s i n r l i c n -t i o o -t h e c l r h w r . n o -t r v i -t h r l r r r v n f r o m I I ' c l r o n I o I -t h e i n c a u , l e s c c n t l u r n n c c l o t c o o l i n E i r n i r n t r v c r c t h c o l h e r s l a h s . F r r s i o n o l t h e c r p o s c r l f n c e l ) e A n n n t nlnnl (1,/2 hr. J lre crtr(lu^l flriting rway rsith el-p o s r t r c l o r t h r . r c r l u c c r l t h e t h i c k n e s s o l t h c 8 , i n . F f a l f n h o [ t l % l q l : 4 i r r . ' l ' h e v n l t r c s t r t w h i c h c r i l i c n l l e m l r e r a t r r r c r s c r c A t t f , i n c r l l n r l e r t h c r e c o n . d i t i o n s n r c r i v e n l u c o l u r n n s 8 n n r l 9 f o r t c s t 1 2 3 , l l r r r v c v e r , s i n c c l h e s e v n l u e s t r e h i r h e r ( h r n r v o u l t l b c c x p c c ( c , l r v i t h c o n t i n u c d f i r c c l p o s r r r e , n t i m e o f ( ) r ' o m i n , i n s t c ^ r l o [ 6 9 6 m i n . r v t r s u s c d i r r n l l c o m . r r a r i s o n s w i t h o t h c r s l n h s . ' l h i r i r c o n s i t l c r r d t o b c [ h e m o s t l i k c l y t i r n c n t r v h i c h n n o v e r i l q c t c m t r t n -t r -t r c r i s e o [ 2 . 5 0 F . w o u L l h n v c b c c n i n d i c r t c d h y t h e I thermocrrrrrles nnrlct na,Jc unrler conrtrarahlc'con. r l i t i o n s , n n r l n c r o r r n t q l r r r t h c u 5 q 6 1 1 h e v t r l u c ( r 0 0 r n i n . , r i r i l s l l - h r . e q r r i v r l e n t , i n t h e d i a g r n m s o l . l ' ' i 4 s , 2 , a , 1 2 , n w l l l .
( 6 ) A l l v a h t " s i n c n l u n r n s 8 a n d I f o r t c s t N o . l 2 J - R i n c l u r l c the cllects ol [rrsion rlrrring litst crposrtri in tcst No. 123,
(d) lpart o[ 85o nsi. rvns nccompnnlcrl by markcd bowlng ol the slab lorvrlrl lhe uncxposed fncc cnuserl by ytclrling ol lhc rvcnkencd coocretc on thc crlroserl frce,
(c) All vrlrrcs in columns 8 nnd 9 for tcst t26-R incltrdc c f l e c t s o l f u s i o r r b n g i n n i n g d t n l , q u t 6 ! j h r . r l t r r i n g tirst crnosurc in tcrt No. l2(r. The crtcnt of lusion wtrs morc pronorrncctl thtrn in test No, l2{ crposcd f o r I h r . i n s t c r r l o [ 8 h r ,
(/) Vnlncs omitl.(l hcrausc of mAlkcd flurin6 nway nl cdncrcte on crDoscd ({ce rluring firat crDosurc ln - i e s t N o . l 2 J a s r l e r c r i b c d I n n o t e ' ( 0 ) .
lll No vtluer becnuse thcmocouDlcr-16r meolurcmcnt of thc lntilior tcmDcretu?cr'ol thlr alab rcro cut ofl ptemoturely.
9
-T A B L E l . l . l ( c o n t f d )
(i1.:NliR^r, I,ATI or t'nsl's t"oR trtRti Rt.;stsTANcti, T'iltiRttlr, rrR(rf ITRT|!.:S, AND sTntiNcTtl ()r sot,ilJ coNcRttili sl,Arrs.
S h b . : c
i I'8
o(J !^? ; 3
E I s
ri 11.if r
!rE
IJ ; s 3 A a d o 'i,f o ( i l ) (r) Tlmc (or llncrrmred t . ' 6 r c o l S l i l r l o A l l x i t r T r t n l ' . r i t o r c R i r c h , l i r n l r r l . m a n . l,oril Cnrrlcrl hy Sh(r' 3,r1. 'l'arl" lcrlod o f A l r -f)r5'i nx, f r t o i l l h t A l l r r l I c 'l po liirc Iirporu re I'criorh lnrlitn tcd 'l hlr t. neir. In. A v e r r B e It ise, 2 5 0 t. I t f n r i m u m R is c , .125 I . il) (2) ( t 2) l ; , t l r r f o r S r r n ' l ' r r l r x r r s s r o r l l r c n r v S r t . r c l t o u s S l w n l r r r ( h A v s r . , C R I D E n 0 r o r C , r N .IittrcT or Sr,irn 'l'nlcrxrss lor Cllclrrous Slxn nxn CrAvEL, (irADr,D 0 To ,{-rN.
lirrrct or Sr.ln 'l'lrcrxrss tor FrNE rnu Coarsu llrlvDlrt. CRIDED 0 to |t-tw. N o . f t s | 1 t 3 J . r l Z 8 , 9 l 1 , 7 1 1 6 . 2 1 1 3 | l , t 0 ( 1 4 7 ) I l . 5 l ( l s 5 )
N o . r ? i _ R l | | | I I l c s i r o r ) l r o s ( i l n )
3 J . 6 l z 8 , e l 1 . 7 1 t 6 . 2 1 1 3 I l,t0 (r47) I t.5r 0s5) | 2..q1 s 0 0 I ?s0 (ult.) | | | | l e s ( l 0 l ) l l o s ( l l o ) l 2 . o l l ( 2 . s * 2 . 0 h r . )
Drrrct ol Dunlttoll ot l)RyrNo ton C^lclntous SAND IND (;rlvEL, GrADDrr 0 To ry'-tN.
E r r r c t o r D u n r r l o x o r l ) n y t N o r o R F I N E a x n C o l r s r ) I y D t r n G n i n D D 0 t o , ( - r N , 4rs :--:--N o . l 2 7 | 6 1 7 7 . J 1 7 6 . 6 1 0 , 7 1 0 . 9 t I l l 8 t ( 1 8 ( ' ) l l 9 e ( 2 n 6 ) 1 , 1 . . 5 1 4 0 0 t O v c r l l S ( t | . . . N o . l 2 t . R ' | I | | | | | I I | l 0 z ( l a . ) l l s r t ' ' t ( r s 0 ) ' t l l 7 2 ( r r z l l r . s l l ( t . s . t - 2 . s 1 , r . ) l I I t ' ' I N o . l r r r | 6 l t s . ? l r r , t l t . 6 l 2 , z l 1 2 l t c o ( z o s ) l z z + ( z z o t l r . . c l r 0 o l o v c r i l . t o I s g s o N o . l l r r . R I | | | | | l l s g ( l ( , 6 ) l r 8 o ( ' e . s ) l z . s l l ( J . 5 + 2 . 5 h r . ) l 32s0 N o . r / . f l E l 6 t , 6 l 6 0 . t l 7 , 5 l t 7 . t t l t 1 l 6 a 6 o ( 7 . 1 2 1 1 7 5 3 " . . , 1 9 . 0 1 1 0 0 1 O v . r r S 0 , , | 3 2 5 0 N i l . t r . r . R | _ | | | | | l 2 J e o ( 2 s e ) l 2 6 s o ( r r n ) l a . s l l g l _ r + _ l . s ] c l _ (27 de.) t 3 1 9 7 0 383 1 9 4 0 ( 2 t I 103 r.50 (rs7) l 2 J il27) r 4 3 ( r 4 7 ) l l 9 ( l 2 . t ) 2 ( , t i ( 2 t t) | 2 2 5 ^ r s 8 ( 1 6 3 ) tzt (1321 l 4 ( ' ( l . r { ) ) | 2,51 1 7 8 ( 1 8 2 ) | J , o l , 1 0 0 | | ( J . 0 + 2 . s h r . )O v c r l l J o l(,.r (r?r) I 2. tle (t411 | 2. ( r . . 5 Ovcr I l.t0* 2 . 0 h r . ) 1500 r s e ( 1 6 2 ) | 2 . t 3 9 ( 1 4 2 1 | 2 . 188 ({.s + 3.0 br.) |ovcr ll30 I a500 27t (282) 204 (zti) ( 1 , 5 * 3.0 hr)Ovcr | 130 5 + 2 . 0 --
lj-.i--o" SlrD or Slr.lcnous cr^vEt. rx Mlxrurr wtrn lieu^r, Vor.uxe or O ro g{tu. lfiilIi
(0-t1'l 6 (o-t{''t ' 6 5 9 , 6 1 . lfr{ 252 177 254 l t 2
IirTticf or Srzs Or Ihcrrr.y SrLlcEous S,rNn lxo Gnavrr
,,1:,1
r.2l s.6l (267) ( l 8 s ) 212 t99 ({.s 3 . 0 h rl lJ0T A B L E l , l . I ( c o n t ' d )
I\tr:xzlil, oN lrrnri l(lislsr^rqcl; ANu'l.rrrinunr, lrRoptiRTrns or Coucnrrn Sr,Ans
l l n r l m r r n r l , n t c r r l l r . t h r i i n n r l Ccnter
of [ilnh. In. 'l'lmc to Ailsin tooo F.
n l I n r l l c n t c r l It l t l . n c c t lrom lirporerl l.'nce of Slnh. m l n . A v c r r l o I n i t h l S l r L Tctttlrct. i t { r e ( t S t n r t o l'ltrt. .lcf, l'ahr. l t l Tert" 'l'hltkntrr.l D .
6
-f l )li??Fcr or Slln'l'nrcrrrsr lor tflclrry Sil.rcnnus S^Nn ANn Gr vEt, GrlnrD O ro gC-tr.
D?trtt o? Sr,rtn Tntcrtrss tor Cltc^lrrrus S^Nn IND CrAvEt, (;r/tbED 0 ?o X-ril.
Etrre? o? Sr.rrt Trilcrrrss ror FtilE AwD (,ir^caE llAvnrr;, Gr^Di:D 0 to ){,_ttt.
Et?tct ot Dur^ttoN or l)tvtNo l0l Calcrneous SAt{t AFn GiivDt, GrAnEo 0,o X.rN.
m*Wl-l
llTr#Tll:sfll
llITfl :ll :
Nrii
;ui!,iltiL;_L;
?0 E6 ,J il Errncr o? DuElrtor o? DruNo rot FiNE lro Connnr il,rynrrr, GTADTD 0 ro X-rN.No. I I(r
N o . 1 2 6 - R o . l 60 . 3 t N o . l l l
N o . l r , l - R o . t 90,.50
DrrEct oF Slzz or lltonl.v Slltcrott6 Srrxn irruO Gnnvnl
N o . 1 2 0 (t l0-rt', (, l0-r{'l r , l I O , 4 2 2 . 2 | o . s J . l , o l 0 . 4 . t | ( t . 0 r r 2 | 9 J l t 6 52 . . t I r r . t J | 0 . 0 5 8 l t o l l l o 5 l i o . 1 2 0 . R N o . I l 8 N o . l l 8 - R N o . l D N o . 1 2 2 . R 0 . 9 I 0.5,r 2 . 5 | o . J t I 0 . 0 r , 6 | s J l l s . l r . 0 | 0 , o J l 0 , 0 . 1 2 I 9 2 l t r J ilt l {5 tt r . 9 [ 0 . 5 E 1 . 2 | 0 . 5 4 2 . . t 1 0 . 2 f , | 0 . 0 r r { | t r l l g t 1 , . . 1 . . . 2 . 0 r o . o 0 | 0 . 0 5 1 | r r 0 t t 9 6 1 . . . 1 , . : | ' 9 | o . s 9 0,09 0, t0 0.0J 0 . 5 0 o . 0 4 0 0.0.t5 lt.o{J 0.0.18 0.0J9 EO OJ l6 r0{ 0 9 100 t6E l { 5 202 86 7 6 00 t9 m
lirrrs or srra or srr.rcnoug crAvDr.. ril lvtrxrui? wrril llqu,rr, voluxtr or 0 ro t{.rn, Il^tnrrr
' - S f r c rrn8c fnrllcnld tndct thlclnrrl ln colunrn ,.
t t
-T A B L E 1 . 1 . 1 ( c o n t t d )
I\l l;tJzl;t, ox FlHli l{r;slst,rxt.r,: ltlr 'lllr,:lrrrlAt, pnor,rlrttt.:s or CoHcnnrr Sr,nns
'l'cmprtilrrrt I t i : e A f t , : r l'lre l'lrI.,3n7o, rlrn. l nftr. liortplrr I I n r l t r l r n , h lrrrr Sln$ Iltnrlc
lillrrt or Sr,rn'frrrxxmr r(rt lltcnt,y Sil,ielorrn SAND lxD (;rAvEt,. (;ritrzD 0 ro t{.rr|.
Errttt ot Sr.An TilrciNr:sr tot Cltr^nr:ot|s Srrwo lxn GtAvtt.i GTADiD 0 to fi-lx.
D r r n c t o t S t z a o r l l t c n r , v S n . t c r o u s S l x n , r x n G t A v E L .
tit??c? or l)trRAttoN ot I)tvtxo poR CAr.c^tEous S,rrn ,rxD Grlvrt,, Grlnrn O to rt-fi,
t{".!lt.- -t--ol-itd-frif 1 - 1--Ji.s; iirq .iii1 r.q-irf j;i;o r-ir.c]ll, r-cni-tl;il-2r;leJi-l-2ffi'
N o . f D . R
I l r , t s l . . . l I l 2 . s l 2 4 o i 2 , 2 l r . e l r 7 . ' l . r o 6 l l - " 2 t , ' i l i i l s
Nt:ilt
*__L
' I iiillt | ::: l_:::
I i:il_3ilLisl::llsiil-1it'-lTlll!:Ujll$s
Dt?Ect or I)rrrArroN o? f)r?lNc ror lililr iNn Colrsi llrrrurrc, GT^DED 0.to r{-tN.
ilil:iilin
|
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l:"1
illl :::
ll:ll illlilll3:llSlf
ll:ll "*
'r'
'0'o
I
r^,r'
ii;'?r'
I lllS
N : : i 3 1 . *
| o I'il"l?l:"lli[^l:iill:lllltillill!:lllllll;filo*'e''0r0lrT'$:'?rrlillS
; - ' .! -E '!e o ,) t ' . c l t 5 6 E b e i () (.tr )T A B L E L . I . ? ,
t'rATA ON cON(:Rttili ANt) A(:cllttc^'tris l.rsrit) rN sot.tD SLADS. " C o r n t h : l l r ' l o h , n n ^ ( r n r r l r t r t t n l r ( l : 5 b y r l r y r o r l . l f ( l r ' , ) l i l t n e r n t l r ! ^ l r r - e e r n c h t r ^ t i o a r , S to 7.0 (al. Dcr if,ck ccm.nll
i i l r l l h . l h r r . s i r l r l v r l i l l c r e n l n F r : r . , : r t e r r i e s c r i h e r l h s l , r r r . , ( j q n 1 q n 1 c n r r l c n t s , l s r c k s ( n h o { i ' . t 8 9 ' t t r . l n"i iu.'rir.l p l ^ r l i r . . r , n ( i r t . t r ( y ( 5 t o c . i n . r l r r n r p ) 3 ' l n c e r l h v h n n r l r * l . l i n s . ( ' r r r r . t r t r v ^ t n I n t x r r r t o r y n i i r t , , r c , i ' " q , , ^ a ; ; ; ; : :!v,11.,'r:r( f,l lo{i (ommcrcial hrnnrlr ol nnrrrnl ilr.n8lh Dnrtlnilrl .crnctrl (Drclcnt A,S.'f,lt.'l'ypc l) Irrcliarerl t n t i l t r n t o .
l\rrll,tloa ol /l tgr4nr.t:
(ll Sil:1out Snq,l on,l Gtaoel,-A hiqLl/ rlliceorr nr;xief,.tF ([lcrnmec River, lrto.) rvlth q5 ncr cent silicr ln form o I l l i n l n n r l c h c r t . l ' t r r l i . l . i v r r y i r . c 4 r l ^ r $ i t h l r o t h s h n r p n n r l r l l s h l l y - r o n r r i c , l c , l f i e s n n r l both n"lirhc,i inri t r i i l . . l r r r r l n r f . Flne-ncst Mrxlu. l u r ( F . M . ) (.) l ) r v Rodrled $tclgh t, lb. ncr c u . l t . (5) Comprc> l l v c S t t c n c t h ol Jtloist-Cured 6 by l2.in. ConctclG Cylinrlcrr rt 60 dryr, prl. AGGR};GATI'
ncr Cent hy Wrlxht of,Ench Sicve Sirc In IUlrttrrc ('fylcr Slandord Sicvo)n Slzc
Rnn*c
0)
0 t o { l n .
(6) (t0)
Trsrc wtrlr lxnrvloutl Aoorzolt:! o? StzB ArfD Grlorxo lxnrcrrno N o r , l 2 l N o r , l l f N o r . l l 7 N o r . I l q N o s . I l 6 N o r . I l 5 N o s . l 2 l N o : . I f.lor. I Nor. I Nor. I 2 t , t 2 t - R I n , I l 8 - t ( t 7 , i l t - t { S l l i c c o r s l0 t o X l n . ,rovcl I t . 6 t 2 l 0 r . I r t . 2 . 5 :1 7 W t . t o t ) 20 ( F . I u . s.ti lvt. 9t) 3J (F.t\r. 7,0: lvr. 9J) tt50 l o , I t 9 . R llCrlcnrcousl O to X in lrr, I lrr.l( lI grrvcl I r s , l r s . r { ll I 2r. r2r-R il | 4 . 9 t26 4 f ( r . M . J.0i wt. UJ) t 8 (r.[(. 6. t i wt. t05) 35 ( F . M . 7.0: wr. t05) s9Srt
il: ill_il ll rrnr,rrte I o to x In. l r , r 2 , r . R ll I t6, t26.R ll I J . 6 6J 70 ( t ' . i l . 2 . 7 ; rvt. Jt, t 8 ( F . M . 6 , 0 3 W t . . 6 ) t 2 (F.Irt. t.0: wr. {3) 3tstt l o , 1 2 0 - R ll Siliccous f l 0 r o ! { i n 1 8 , ll 8 . l ( l| s r n v c l l l o t o , ( i n t 2 , 1 2 2 - r . , U U 0 t o l ! { i n t . J 4 . 6 4 . 9 i l 7 t 2 l t 2 J 1 1 1 t 1 7 .5.',1 20 l3 2 l2 2 I'tr a300 a500 ,1800 iltxrurzs or Equ,rr. VoruHrs or Srt.rccous Acorzorrt or Strr? R^Nor lrnrcruo wrrrt 0 ro %-il{, It^vDtrr N o t . l 2 0 , 1 2 0 N o e . l1 8 , l 1 8 -N o s . 1 2 2 , l2 r . Nor. tst. lst.R Nor. t58, l5t-R Nor. 1.59, 159-R t 3 12 I r l 6J t 2 l 6J 173 63 3J l c 2 l I E 5 3 70 20 70 I J 70 1 7 50 1 l 50 1 , 50 ) rsoo ) oso ) rzoo t.Vrlncs in pnrcnthcser in columns 6, ?. qnd. 6 rcprcscnt the lincncss modulus (F. Irf.) and dry rorltlcd rcight (lb. p.t c u . J l . ) . o l c o c h s l c v c - s l z o . l ' l r c s c v n l r t c s r r c i n c l u r l e r l o n l y o n c c f o r e n y g i v c n r l z e n n r t t y p c o l e s i r c g e t e .
_ 1 3
-T A B L E I . 1 . 3
'1 t:s'ts or trAilti ANfr pLAs'rr,Rr.tr Rtnntil).sLAn sprclilttNs.
AvfinFc ll'cishl ol I ' r r l r u l A r r r n h l y . lh. Ftr s.t, lt, o{ i l a b W c l E h l o l Ae rcnl'lv. l h . p c t s 1 . l t . ol rhh Flrc-linrlnrnncc I'rrlorl, nrin. Tert Spcrlmcn ( l ) -N o . l ' . 1 N o . | r - l (r) t o l I n . ) o (s) 0 . 0 Acltrl Tolal (6) 5 6 . t 6 t . l ,/\nount Dflccllvc Drrrlnf, f l t c Erfxrrtrlo 6 t . 1 lto|l,li"l (r) . i l . t 6sq"l lln rc l'lIrl???rl t 0 . 6 llo7o -anl;;f ;i"'..t".;.I-^iJiJJ.,ri*il<.rr.,tnr-.o.Jir,lr'
t \l'rlcht r,f ni?..lru contrclc rnrl !(.in. rcinforclnl brrs (21.0 plnr 1,5 lb.), " l l e i x h t r ' f n r r t a l I n l h , n n r l d r y r e t n h i t e r ( o . J | t l u t l O . J ) .
F I G U R E I . I . A Slolion
p
2F @. @op
e.Loention of 'l'hcrnrocrnrplcs nnrl'Ilrerrnolnclers for g-irr, Slabs.
€ . @ --@ . ,
E,
Dctnils of Plnstcred Riblxd-Slnb "Floor" Asscnrbly 'I'herntomc nntl Location of Thermocouples and tcrs.
1 5
-F I G U R E I . I . B
Fb side of slob prolecled by'cei/inq'of i lo / n. melol lolh and, gypsum p/osler weryhrng /O.6 /b. per sq ft n drg set condtion.
)-o
i"o
B
S E C T I O N I . 2
R e f e r e n c e
I n v e s t i g a t i o n s o n B u i l d i n g F i r e s , P a r t V , F i r e Tests on Structural Elements by N. Davey and L. Ar Aehton. Natlonal Butlding Studies Research Paper No. I Z, H.M. S t a t i o n e r y O f f l c e , L o n d o n , 1 9 5 3 .
Note s
Thie sectlon includes the teate on eolid concrete walls from t h e r e f e r e n c e d o c u r n e n t . T e s t s o n c o n c r e t e f l o o r s a t e d e e c r i b e d i n
Part 2 of this paper. Details of the rnateriale and conetruction are
included ln the lndividual tablee. TableB are reproduced with the
permlesion of the ControlLer of FIer MaJeetyrs Stationery Offlce.
(Table nurnbers have beerr changed for purposes of this paper. )
Loading
The loadB applled to the walle durlng the teet are recorded i n t h e t a b l e e ,
T e s t R e e u l t s
Reeults of teete on the concrete walle are ehown in Tables l . Z . l , 1 . 2 . Z a n d 1 . 2 . 3 .
d t q F c t 1 7 -l-E€::
1#
t< {o
F .n r r l t s c '; o 0 c F o\ tal " - ?: c F = ^ A i d 3 ! >o be aD A (\l '-q, +, Fl 0.) L. a a t N E c O .1 (J f 4 €J 8
€x
F-{ .= * q , d ul rtl o F-N !q o F. o X o b0 6 o Fq € . o o l b q O 5 u 'i b! c o , q j v o gl rl . - , 2 t - 6 r|l F t! O z o u k o o f Fz
o
F tJ lrl q z o . ( , \ t -z 1u"
lr, o(J \o € o l r e l o l t | 1 Fi! g
8z c - o ! t 6 q 4 5 \I N - l . ! . r IE > l
z l ; € ?sriEHE
t.r erof 3 tq Ct& r! (ftEst
t
c sT3
j u o -gE t'\ 6 R g .: . 9 E E > o (\s
ol F o o r CI d o o N o o o a r @ 5 o o ? . ^ E ; t-. ! I ! o I I ; I& o c -b q 9 - ' ' a , ; o I ! I ;) oT t o
