A G2 +?HQ`m`2 /2 bQ/BmK- mM b2H +Qm`Mi TQm` /2 MQK#`2mb2b TTHB@

(1)

kyRe

S?vbB[m2Ĝ*?BKB2 k

SaA

9 ?2m`2b *H+mHi`B+2b miQ`Bbû2b

G2b /QMMû2b MmKû`B[m2b miBH2b bQMi `2;`QmTû2b 2M }M /ǶûMQM+ûX

A G2 +?HQ`m`2 /2 bQ/BmK- mM b2H +Qm`Mi TQm` /2 MQK#`2mb2b TTHB@

+iBQMb

G2 +?HQ`m`2 /2 bQ/BmK L*H T2mi āi`2 Q#i2Mm bQBi ¨ TìB` /Ƕ2m /2 K2` T` ûpTQìBQM Ub2H K`BMV bQBi ¨ TìB`

/2 ;Bb2K2Mib bQmi2``BMb Ub2H KBMB2`VX

AX Ĝ P#i2MiBQM /2 +`Bbimt /2 +?HQ`m`2 /2 bQ/BmK T` ûpTQ`iBQM /Ƕ2m /2 K2`

G +QKTQbBiBQM KQv2MM2 /2 HǶ2m /2 K2` TQm` mM2 bHBMBiû /2 j8 ;਼G^ƐR+Q``2bTQM/ ¨ kd-k ;਼G^ƐR2M +?HQ`m`2 /2 bQ/BmK 2i j-3 ;਼G^ƐR2M +?HQ`m`2 /2 K;MûbBmKX G2 b2H /2 K2` 2bi Q#i2Mm T` ûpTQ`iBQM /2 HǶ2m bQmb HǶ+iBQM +QMDm;mû2 /m bQH2BH 2i /m p2MiX

AXXRV

V *QKK2Mi2` H2 7Bi [m2 H bHBMBiû /2 HǶ2m /2 K2` 2bi bmTû`B2m`2 ¨ H +QM+2Mi`iBQM KbbB[m2 2M +?HQ`m`2 /2 bQ/BmKX

#V CmbiB}2` [m2 H2 p2Mi 2i H2 bQH2BH bQMi 7pQ`#H2b ¨ HǶûpTQ`iBQMX

AXXkV *H+mH2` H +QM+2Mi`iBQM KQHB`2 KQv2MM2 2M +?HQ`m`2 /2 bQ/BmK /2 HǶ2m /2 K2`X AXXjV SQm` mM2 bQHmiBQM ¨ kd-k ;਼G^ƐR2M +?HQ`m`2 /2 bQ/BmK /Mb /2 HǶ2m Tm`2 /ûi2`KBM2` ,

V H2 TQm`+2Mi;2 /2 /BKBMmiBQM pQHmKB[m2 TQm` Q#i2MB` HǶTT`BiBQM /m T`2KB2` +`BbiHX G2 TQm`+2Mi;2 /2 /BKBMmiBQM pQHmKB[m2 +Q``2bTQM/ ¨ ԋЏμЏϬЏ͘ΰਲ ԋΰЏζЏϬ΄ԋЏμЏϬЏ͘ΰ- QɍԋЏμЏϬЏ͘ΰ 2bi H2 pQHmK2 BMBiBH /2 H bQHmiBQM 2i ԋΰЏζЏϬ΄H2 pQHmK2 /2 +2HH2@+B HQ`b /2 HǶTT`BiBQM /m T`2KB2` +`BbiH c

#V H2 TQm`+2Mi;2 /2 /BKBMmiBQM pQHmKB[m2 TQm` pQB` T`û+BTBiiBQM ¨ 3yWX Zm2H TQm``Bi āi`2 HǶBMiû`āi /2 M2 Tb ûpTQ`2` iQmi2 HǶ2m \

+V a+?Mi [m2 HǶ2m /2 K2` +QMiB2Mi mbbB 2M T`QTQ`iBQMb MQM Mû;HB;2#H2b Uj-3 ;਼G^ƐRV /m +?HQ`m`2 /2 K;MûbBmK J;*H_k- +QKK2Mi bQMi KQ/B}ûb [mHBiiBp2K2Mi H2b TQm`+2Mi;2b /2 /BKBMmiBQM pQHmKB[m2 \ *QKK2Mi MQKK2@

i@QM mM i2H 2z2i \

AX" Ĝ S`Q/m+iBQM /2 /B+?HQ`2*H_k2i /2 bQm/2LP>

AM/mbi`B2HH2K2Mi i`QBb T`Q+û/ûb T2`K2ii2Mi /2 T`Q/mB`2 /m /B+?HQ`2 *H_k- /2 H bQm/2 LP> 2i /m /B?v/`Q;ĕM2 >_k

¨ T`iB` /2 bQHmiBQMb +QM+2Mi`û2b /2 +?HQ`m`2 /2 bQ/BmK L*H UbmKm`2V , H2 T`Q+û/û ¨ /BT?`;K2- H2 T`Q+û/û

¨ +i?Q/2 /2 K2`+m`2 2i H2 T`Q+û/û ¨ K2K#`M2X PM bǶBMiû`2bb2` B+B m T`Q+û/û ¨ /BT?`;K2X

G2 b+?ûK /ǶmM2 +2HHmH2 /ǶûH2+i`QHvb2 BM/mbi`B2HH2 /m T`Q+û/û ¨ /BT?`;K2 2bi /QMMû };m`2 R 2i H2b +Qm`#2b BMi2MbBiû TQi2MiB2H +Q``2bTQM/Mi2b };m`2 kX .Mb +2 T`Q+û/û ,

ਲ H2b MQ/2b 2M iBiM2 bQMi `2pāim2b /ǶmM KûHM;2 ¨ #b2 /2 `mi?ûMBmK T2`K2iiMi /Ƕ#Bbb2` H bm`i2MbBQM /m +QmTH2 *H_k*H^@c

ਲ H2b +i?Q/2b bQMi 2M +B2` c

ਲ HǶûH2+i`QHvi2 miBHBbû 2bi mM2 bQHmiBQM /2 L*H ¨ jyy ;਼G^ƐR- +Ƕ2bi@¨@/B`2 T`Q+?2 /2 H bim`iBQM ¨ H i2KTû`im`2 /2 HǶûH2+i`QHvb2 c

ਲ H i2MbBQM /ǶûH2+i`QHvb2 2bi /2 j-8 o c

ਲ QM +QMbii2 mM /û;;2K2Mi /2 /B+?HQ`2 *H_k¨ HǶMQ/2 2i /2 /B?v/`Q;ĕM2 >_k¨ H +i?Q/2 c ਲ bB H +QM+2Mi`iBQM 2M BQMb +?HQ`m`2 *H^@/BKBMm2 i`QT- QM Q#b2`p2 mM /û;;2K2Mi /2 /BQtv;ĕM2 P_kX GQ`b /2 +2ii2 ûH2+i`QHvb2- BH 7mi [m2 MB H2b BQMb ?v/`Qtv/2b P>^@- MB H2 /B?v/`Q;ĕM2 >_kM2 bQB2Mi 2M +QMi+i p2+

H2 /B+?HQ`2 *H_kX

AX"XRV .QMM2` H2b /2KB@û[miBQMb ûH2+i`QMB[m2b b2 T`Q/mBbMi bm` +?[m2 ûH2+i`Q/2- [m2 HǶQM MQKK2`- TmBb H2 #BHM /2 HǶûH2+i`QHvb2 `ûHBbû2X

AX"XkV .ûi2`KBM2` H +QMbiMi2 i?2`KQ/vMKB[m2 /2 H `û+iBQM `ûHBbû2 2i BM/B[m2` TQm`[mQB HǶûH2+i`QHvb2 T2`K2i /2 7B`2 +2ii2 `û+iBQMX

AX"XjV _2+QTB2` HǶHHm`2 /m ;`T?B[m2 T`ûb2Miû };m`2 k 2M BM/B[mMi bm` H2b TQ`iBQMb /2 +Qm`#2b H2b i`Mb7Q`@

KiBQMb +?BKB[m2b +Q``2bTQM/Mi2b- TmBb 2M +QMbi`mBbMi H i2MbBQM ¨ TTHB[m2` TQm` mM2 BMi2MbBiû /QMMû2X Zm2H T`Q#HĕK2 `2M+QMi`2@i@QM bB QM TTHB[m2 mM2 i2MbBQM i`QT 7Q`i2 \

(2)

kyRe@yk@kj R3,yk,kj S;2 kfd

6B;m`2 R a+?ûK /2 T`BM+BT2 /ǶmM2 +2HHmH2 ¨ /BT?`;K2 Ĝ 1ti`Bi /2 Ŀ *?BKB2 BM/mbi`B2HH2 ŀ- TX jk9- _X S2``BM 2i C@SX a+?`z- .mMQ/ kĕK2 û/BiBQM

ӺUoV

ਲ ਲ

Ԙ

R-j R-8

6B;m`2 k *Qm`#2b BMi2MbBiû@TQi2MiB2H TQm` H2 T`Q+û/û ¨ /BT?`;K2 Ĝ 1ti`Bi /2 Ŀ *?BKB2 BM/mbi`B2HH2 ŀ- TX jkj- _X S2``BM 2i C@SX a+?`z- .mMQ/ kĕK2 û/BiBQM

AX"X9V Zm2H 2bi H2 T?ûMQKĕM2 `2bTQMb#H2 /2 HǶQ#i2MiBQM /m /B+?HQ`2 2i MQM /m /BQtv;ĕM2 ¨ HǶMQ/2 \ CmbiB}2`

HǶmiBHBbiBQM /m `mi?ûMBmK TQm` H 7#`B+iBQM /2b MQ/2bX

AX"X8V a+?Mi [m2 H2 `2M/2K2Mi 7`/B[m2 2bi /2 y-d8- /ûi2`KBM2` HǶûM2`;B2 Mû+2bbB`2 TQm` T`Q/mB`2 R K^j/2

;x /B+?HQ`2 ¨ k8 ê* bQmb R #`X

AX"XeV CmbiB}2` H2 T`Q#HĕK2 Q#b2`pû bB H +QM+2Mi`iBQM 2M +?HQ`m`2 *H^@/BKBMm2 i`QTX

AX"XdV CmbiB}2` HǶ{`KiBQM b2HQM H[m2HH2 BH M2 7mi Tb [m2 H2b BQMb ?v/`Qtv/2b P>^@Ŀ `2M+QMi`2Mi ŀ H2 /B+?HQ`2 *H_k- T`ĕb pQB` ii`B#mû ¨ +?[m2 2bTĕ+2 +?BKB[m2 /2 HǶûHûK2Mi +?HQ`2 mM /QKBM2 - "- * Qm . /m /B;`KK2Ӻ@T> /2 HǶûHûK2Mi +?HQ`2 U};m`2 jVX

AX"X3V _2i`Qmp2` bm` +2 /B;`KK2 H pH2m` /mQԀռ/m +QmTH2 >*HP*HP^@X AX"XNV _2i`Qmp2` bm` +2 /B;`KK2 H2 TQi2MiB2H biM/`/ /m +QmTH2 >*HP*H_{k U;V}X

AX"XRyV ú+`B`2 H `û+iBQM /m /B+?HQ`2 *Hk2M KBHB2m #bB[m2X *QKK2Mi MQKK2@i@QM mM2 i2HH2 `û+iBQM \ .ûi2`@

KBM2` b +QMbiMi2 /Ƕû[mBHB#`2X

(3)

kyRe@yk@kj R3,yk,kj S;2 jfd

"

*

.

T>

ӺUoV

6B;m`2 j .B;`KK2Ӻ@T> /2 HǶûHûK2Mi +?HQ`2 Ĝ G2b 2bTĕ+2b 2MpBb;û2b bQMi , *Hk U;V- >*HPU[V-

*HP^@U[V2i *H^@U[VĜ h`+û TQm` mM2 +QM+2Mi`iBQM iQiH2 2M ûHûK2Mi +?HQ`2Ԓ_Ϭϝ͘ NPM਼-^·φp2+

û[mB`ûT`iBiBQM mt 7`QMiBĕ`2b

AX"XRRV .ûi2`KBM2` H i2KTû`im`2 /2 ~KK2 /B#iB[m2 /2 H `û+iBQM /m /B+?HQ`2 *H_kp2+ H2 /B?v/`Q;ĕM2

>_kT`Q/mBbMi /2 HǶ+B/2 +?HQ`?v/`B[m2 ;x2mt >*H bQmb R #`- TQm` mM2 i2KTû`im`2 BMBiBH2 /2 kN3 EX CmbiB}2`

HQ`b H2 `Bb[m2 /Ƕ2tTHQbBQM HBû ¨ H Ŀ `2M+QMi`2 ŀ 2Mi`2 H2b /2mt `û+iB7bX

AX"XRkV 1M Q#b2`pMi H2 b+?ûK /2 H };m`2 R- `ûTQM/`2 mt [m2biBQMb bmBpMi2bX VZm2H 2bi H2 /Qm#H2 `ƬH2 /m /BT?`;K2 \

#V GǶmiBHBbiBQM /ǶmM /BT?`;K2 +QMbiBimû /2 }#`2b /ǶKBMi2 BKT`û;Mû2b /2 `ûbBM2b Q`;MQ~mQ`û2b- BM/mBi mM2 bm`+QMbQKKiBQM /ǶûM2`;B2X Zm2H 7+i2m` ûH2+i`Q+BMûiB[m2 BMi2`pB2Mi /Mb +2ii2 m;K2MiiBQM /ǶûM2`;B2 +QMbQKKû2 \

+V SQm`[mQB T` +2 T`Q+û/û Q#iB2Mi@QM /2 H bQm/2 BKTm`2 \

AA .2 H +mBbbQM /2b ƾm7b

*2ii2 T`iB2 TQm` Q#D2i HǶûim/2 /ǶmM +mBb2m` ¨ ƾm7bX

6B;m`2 9 om2 /2 T`Q}H- pm2 /2 /2bbmb- pm2 /2 /2bbmb bMb H +HQ+?2 UHBbbMi pQB` H ;`BHH2V

*2i TT`2BH +mBi /2b ƾm7b Um MQK#`2 /2 R ¨ dV ;`+2 ¨ H pT2m` /Ƕ2m [mB b2 7Q`K2 T` û#mHHBiBQM /2 HǶ2m TH+û2 /Mb H2 7QM/ /m +mBb2m`X

G2b ƾm7b ¨ +mB`2 b2HQM /Bzû`2Mib /2;`ûb /2 +mBbbQM U+Q[m2- KQHH2i- /m`V bQMi TH+ûb bm` mM2 ;`BHH2 T2`+û2 /2 d i`Qmb +B`+mHB`2b 2i /2 e i`Qmb Tû`BT?û`B[m2b T2`K2iiMi H +B`+mHiBQM /2 H pT2m` /Ƕ2m /Mb HǶ2M+2BMi2 /2 +mBbbQMX

.2b Q`B}+2b bQMi T2`+ûb m bQKK2i /2 H +HQ+?2 KûiHHB[m2 TQm` T2`K2ii`2 ¨ H pT2m` /2 bǶû+?TT2`X G TmBbbM+2 ûH2+i`B[m2 +QMbQKKû2 T` HǶTT`2BH 2bi ,෪ 8X PM +QMbB/ĕ`2` [m2 +2ii2 TmBbbM+2 2bi BMiû;`H2K2Mi +QMbQKKû2 T` H `ûbBbiM+2 +?mzMi2X

G [mMiBiû /Ƕ2m TH+û2 /Mb H2 +mBb2m` 2bi K2bm`û2 ¨ HǶB/2 /ǶmM ;Q#2H2i ;`/mû b2HQM H2 MQK#`2 /Ƕƾm7b ¨ +mB`2 2i H2 ivT2 /2 +mBbbQM /ûbB`û2 UpQB` };m`2 eVX G2 7QM/ 2bi #QK#û ¨ +mb2 /2 H T`ûb2M+2 /ǶmM2 TB[m2 bQmb H #b2 /m ;Q#2H2i T2`K2iiMi H2 T2`Ï;2 /m bQKK2i /2 HǶƾm7 HQ`b /2 H +mBbbQM }M /ǶûpBi2` H `mTim`2 /2 H +Q[mBHH2X S`Q#HûKiB[m2

PM pQBi bm` H2b ;`/miBQMb /m ;Q#2H2i [m2 H [mMiBiû /Ƕ2m Mû+2bbB`2 ¨ H +mBbbQM 2bi /ǶmiMi THmb ;`M/2 [m2 H2 MQK#`2 /Ƕƾm7b ¨ +mB`2 2bi 7B#H2- +2 [mB 2bi ¨ T`BQ`B ûiQMMMiX G2b bQmb@T`iB2b [mB bmBp2Mi pQMi T2`K2ii`2 /ǶMHvb2` +2 T?ûMQKĕM2X

(4)

kyRe@yk@kj R3,yk,kj S;2 9fd

Q`B}+2b /2 bQ`iB2 /2 H pT2m`

+HQ+?2 ƾm7b

;`BHH2

`ûbBbiM+2 +?mzMi2

2m

6B;m`2 8 a+?ûK ;ûMû`H /m +mBb2m`

2m

TB[m2 6B;m`2 e S?QiQ 2i b+?ûK /m ;Q#2H2i 6QM+iBQMM2K2Mi /m +mBb2m`

G2 pQHmK2 /Ƕ2m Mû+2bbB`2 ¨ H +mBbbQM /ǶmM b2mH ƾm7 /m` 2bi /2 Rky KGX G2b ƾm7b ¨ H i2KTûìm`2 BMBiBH2 ԉЈ ¯$bQMi TH+ûb /Mb H2 +mBb2m` 2i H Kbb2 /Ƕ2mԜЈ+QMi2Mm2 /Mb H2 ;Q#2H2i U¨ H KāK2 i2KTûìm`2 BMBiBH2ԉЈV 2bi p2`bû2 bQmb H2b ƾm7bX *2ii2 2m 2bi TQìû2 ¨ û#mHHBiBQM bQmbԟ CBS- TmBb ûpTQ`û2X G2 +mBb2m`

bǶ``āi2 [mM/ iQmi2 HǶ2m bǶ2bi ûpTQ`û2X

LQiQMbԒH +T+Biû i?2`KB[m2 KbbB[m2 /2 HǶ2m HB[mB/2-ԉ΄ͣb i2KTû`im`2 /Ƕû#mHHBiBQM /Mb H2b +QM/BiBQMb /2 HǶ2tTû`B2M+2-ԗ ஃ 8਼N^·ϵ਼,^·φH2 +Q2{+B2Mi /2 i`Mb72`i +QM/m+iQ@+QMp2+iB7 U2mݜƾm7V 2iԜ ԣH Kbb2 /Ƕ2m +QMi2Mm2 /Mb H2 +mBb2m` ¨ HǶBMbiMiԣX

aQB2Mi࿿ԣφH /m`û2 /2 +?mz;2 /2 HǶ2m /2ԉЈ ¨ԉ΄ͣ2i࿿ԣϵH /m`û2 /2 H +mBbbQM /2b ƾm7b- [mB +Q``2bTQM/

¨ HǶûpTQ`iBQM iQiH2 /2 HǶ2mX S2M/Mi +2ii2 /2mtBĕK2 T?b2- QM bmTTQb2` [m2 H pT2m` /Ƕ2m 2bi ¨ H i2KTû`im`2ԉ΄ͣbQmb H T`2bbBQMԟ CBSX

AAX Ĝ *?mz;2 /2 HǶ2m

AAXXRV aQBiԜվH pH2m` 2M 2m /m +mBb2m` UQM `TT2HH2 [m2 H pH2m` 2M 2m /ǶmM Q#D2i 2bi H Kbb2 /Ƕ2m vMi KāK2 +T+Biû i?2`KB[m2 [m2 +2i Q#D2iVX 1M bmTTQbMi H i`Mb7Q`KiBQM /B#iB[m2 T2M/Mi H2 +?mz;2- 2tT`BK2`࿿ԣφ2M 7QM+iBQM /2b /QMMû2bX

AAXXkV PM TH+2 /Mb H2 +mBb2m` mM2 Kbb2 /Ƕ2mԜЈ HX PM K2bm`2 HQ`b mM2 /m`û2 /2 +?mz;2

࿿ԣЈ TpMi /2 T`p2MB` ¨ HǶû#mHHBiBQMX 1M /û/mB`2 H pH2m` 2M 2m /m +mBb2m`X AAX" Ĝ .ûi2`KBMiBQM /2 H /m`û2 /2 +mBbbQM࿿ԣϵ

AAX"XRV Jû+MBbK2 /2 H +mBbbQM /2b ƾm7b lM ƾm7 2bi +QKTQbû /2 i`QBb T`iB2b ,

ԡφ

ԡϵ

+Q[mBHH2 DmM2

#HM+

6B;m`2 d ai`m+im`2 BM@

i2`M2 /ǶmM ƾm7 ਲ mM2 +Q[mBHH2 i`ĕb KBM+2 c

ਲ H2 #HM+ /Ƕƾm7 +QMbiBimMi H2b /2mt iB2`b /2 HǶƾm7X *Ƕ2bi mM HB[mB/2 +QKTQbû ¨ 2MpB`QM NyW /Ƕ2m 2i RyW /2 T`QiûBM2b- b2Hb KBMû`mt 2i pBiKBM2b c

ਲ H2 DmM2 /Ƕƾm7 2bi +QKTQbû ¨ KQBiBû /Ƕ2m- /2 R8W /2 T`QiûBM2b 2i /2 jyW /2 HBTB/2bX

GQ`b /2 H +mBbbQM UivT2 ƾm7 /m`V H2b T`QiûBM2b b2 /û`QmH2Mi T`iB2HH2K2Mi 2i b2 HB2Mi TQm` 7Q`K2` mM `ûb2m [mB TBĕ;2 HǶ2m , +Ƕ2bi mM ;2HX G2b ƾm7b +Qmi+?Qmi2mt bQMi +2mt [mB QMi T2`/m i`QT /Ƕ2m c +Ƕ2bi mbbB H bm`@+mBbbQM /m DmM2 [mB H2 7Bi /2p2MB`

b#H2mtX ZmM/ mM ƾm7 2bi +mBi ¨ Ryy ê*- H Kbb2 /BKBMm2 T`Q;`2bbBp2K2Mi ¨ K2bm`2 [m2 HǶ2m 2bi ûHBKBMû2 /m ;2H 7Q`KûX ZmM/ mM ƾm7 2bi +mBi ¨ mM2 i2KTû`im`2 T2m

(5)

bmTû`B2m`2 ¨ H i2KTû`im`2 /2 +Q;mHiBQM /2 b2b T`QiûBM2b- BH +Q;mH2 2M +QMb2`pMi bQM 2m- ;;2 /2 KQ2HH2mtX G2 DmM2 /Ƕƾm7 +QKK2M+2 ¨ ûTBbbB` ¨ e8 ê*X AH +Q;mH2 iQiH2K2Mi ¨ mM2 i2KTû`im`2 /2 38 ê*X

CmbiB}2` HǶ2tBbi2M+2 /2 H TB[m2 bQmb H2 7QM/ /m ;Q#2H2iX

AAX"XkV JQ/ûHBbiBQM 2i ûi#HBbb2K2Mi /2 HǶû[miBQM /2 H +?H2m`

SQm` /ûi2`KBM2` H2 i2KTb /2 +mBbbQM- BH 2bi Mû+2bbB`2 /2 `ûbQm/`2 HǶû[miBQM /2 H +?H2m` 2M `û;BK2 /ûT2M/Mi /m i2KTbX PM KQ/ûHBb2 mM ƾm7 +QKK2 mM 2Mb2K#H2 /2 /2mt bT?ĕ`2b +QM+2Mi`B[m2b /2 `vQMbԡφ2iԡϵHBKBiMi H2 DmM2 2i H2 #HM+ U};m`2 dVX

}M /2 bBKTHB}2` HǶûim/2- QM p Mû;HB;2` HǶBM~m2M+2 /2 H +Q[mBHH2 2i +QMbB/û`2` HǶBMiû`B2m` /2 HǶƾm7 +QKK2

?QKQ;ĕM2 2i vMi H2b T`QT`Bûiûb i?2`KQ/vMKB[m2b /2 HǶ2m , Kbb2 pQHmKB[m2ᅲ- +T+Biû i?2`KB[m2 KbbB[m2 Ԓ2i +QM/m+iBpBiû i?2`KB[m2ᅱX

V úi#HB` HǶû[miBQM /2 H +?H2m` 2M +QQ`/QMMû2b bT?û`B[m2b- 2M 7BbMi mM #BHM ûM2`;ûiB[m2 bm` mM2 +Qm+?2 bT?û`B[m2 /2 `vQMԡ2i /ǶûTBbb2m`EԡX

#V PM BMi`Q/mBi H2b p`B#H2b `û/mBi2b ,ᅶ ԡԡϵ2iᅸ ԣᅭX 1tT`BK2`ᅭ2M 7QM+iBQM /2ᅲ-Ԓ-ԡϵ2iᅱTQm` [m2 HǶû[miBQM /2 H +?H2m` bǶû+`Bp2 ,

ᅶ^ϵ ၫ

ၫᅶ ঒ᅶ^ϵၫԉ ᅶ ᅸ

ၫᅶ ও ၫԉ ᅶ ᅸ

ၫᅸ UAAXRV

*QKK2Mi2` H /ûT2M/M+2 /2ᅭT` `TTQ`i ¨ԡϵX AAX"XjV _ûbQHmiBQM /2 HǶû[miBQM /2 H +?H2m`

V }M /2 `ûbQm/`2 +2ii2 û[miBQM2M `û;BK2 /ûT2M/Mi /m i2KTb- QM TQb2 /Mb mM T`2KB2` i2KTb ԉ ᅶ ᅸ ԉ΄ͣ ԕ ᅶԖ ᅸ

1M miBHBbMi HǶû[miBQM /2 H +?H2m`- KQMi`2` [m2 H +QKTQbMi2 i2KTQ`2HH2Ԗ ᅸpû`B}2 HǶû[miBQM Ԗ ᅸ EԖ ᅸ

Eᅸ ਲӶ^ϵ

QɍӶ2bi mM2 +QMbiMi2 `û2HH2 TQbBiBp2- BM+QMMm2 ¨ +2 bi/2 /2 H `ûbQHmiBQMX

.QMM2` HǶ2tT`2bbBQM /2Ԗ ᅸ¨ mM2 +QMbiMi2 KmHiBTHB+iBp2 T`ĕb 2i DmbiB}2` H2 bB;M2ਲ};m`Mi /2pMiӶ^ϵX

#V SQm` i`Qmp2` H +QKTQbMi2 bTiBH2 /2ԉ ᅶ ᅸ- QM TQb2ԕ ᅶ ӻ ᅶᅶ X JQMi`2` HQ`b [m2ӻ ᅶ2bi bQHmiBQM /2 HǶû[miBQM

E^ϵӻ ᅶ

E^ϵᅶ Ӷ^ϵӻ ᅶ 1M /û/mB`2 HǶ2tT`2bbBQM /2ԕ ᅶX

+V JQMi`2` HQ`b [m2 H bQHmiBQM ;ûMû`H2 /2 HǶû[miBQM AAXR T2mi bǶû+`B`2 bQmb H 7Q`K2 ԉ ᅶ ᅸ ԉ΄ͣ ௽

ք

ᅧքTJO Ӷքᅶ

ᅶ FYQ ਲӶ^ϵքᅸ UAAXkV

Zm2HH2b bQMi H2b /Bzû`2Mi2b +QM/BiBQMb [mB T2`K2ii2Mi i?ûQ`B[m2K2Mi /2 +H+mH2` H2b +Q2{+B2Mibᅧք2iӶք\ AAX"X9V .ûi2`KBMiBQM /2b +QMbiMi2b /Mb HǶTT`QtBKiBQM /2 6Qm`B2`

.Mb H2 +/`2 /2 HǶTT`QtBKiBQM /2 6Qm`B2`- QM M2 +QMb2`p2 /Mb HǶ2tT`2bbBQM AAXk [m2 H2 i2`K2 bbQ+Bû ¨ H +QMbiMi2 /2 i2KTb H THmb HQM;m2- /QM+ +2HmB +Q``2bTQM/Mi m +Q2{+B2MiӶքH2 THmb T2iBi U[mB b2` MQiûӶ/Mb H bmBi2V- +` H2b mi`2b i2`K2b bQMi `TB/2K2Mi KQ`iBb m +Qm`b /m i2KTb ,

ԉ ᅶ ᅸ ஃ ԉ΄ͣ ᅧ TJO Ӷᅶᅶ FYQ ਲӶ^ϵᅸ

V PM bmTTQb2 [m2 H2b û+?M;2b i?2`KB[m2b m MBp2m /2 H +Q[mBHH2 bQMi /QMMûb T` H HQB /2 L2riQM

ܙԫ

Ϭ΢ ԗ ԉ ᅶ ᅸ ਲ ԉ΄ͣ ܙԤ֍X 1M û+`BpMi /2mt 2tT`2bbBQMb T2`K2iiMi /Ƕ2tT`BK2` H2 ~mt i?2`KB[m2 2Mi`Mi /Mb HǶƾm7- KQMi`2` [m2Ӷ2bi bQHmiBQM /2 HǶû[miBQM

ਲ ԡӶϵԗᅱ UBO Ӷ

#V SQm` mM ƾm7 KQv2M- QM ԡϵ DNX JQMi`2` [m2 /Mb +2b +QM/BiBQMb- QM T2mi T`2M/`2Ӷ ஃ ᅵ+QKK2 T`2KBĕ`2 bQHmiBQM /2 HǶû[miBQM T`û+û/2Mi2 /Mbන^ਗ਼X úpHm2` HǶ2``2m` +QKKBb2X

(6)

kyRe@yk@kj R3,yk,kj S;2 efd

+V 1tT`BK2` HQ`bԉ ᅶ ᅸp2+ H pH2m` /2ӶT`û+û/2Mi2X Zm2HH2 +QMbû[m2M+2 T2mi@QM 2M iB`2` bm` H i2KTû`im`2

¨ H bm`7+2 /2 HǶƾm7 \ JQMi`2` [m2 +2H `2pB2Mi ¨ +QMbB/û`2` mM2 /2b ;`M/2m`b +`+iû`BbiB[m2b /m T`Q#HĕK2 +QKK2 BM}MB2X

/V *H+mH2`ᅧ2M 2tT`BKMi H i2KTû`im`2 m +2Mi`2 /2 HǶƾm7 ¨ԣ X AAX"X8V *H+mH /2 H /m`û2 /2 +mBbbQM࿿ԣϵTQm` mM ƾm7 /m`

V 1tT`BK2` 2M 7QM+iBQM /2ᅭ2i /2b mi`2b /QMMû2b /m T`Q#HĕK2 H /m`û2 /2 +mBbbQM࿿ԣϵ¨ HǶûii /m` /ǶmM ƾm7 /2 `vQMԡϵ- TQm` H2[m2H H i2KTû`im`2 m +2Mi`2 /QBi ii2BM/`2ԉվ ¯$X

#V *H+mH2`࿿ԣϵTQm` mM ƾm7 /2 `vQMԡϵ DNX *QKK2Mi2` H2 `ûbmHii Q#i2MmX AAX* Ĝ .ûi2`KBMiBQM /2 H Kbb2 /Ƕ2m ¨ TH+2` /Mb H2 +mBb2m`

AAX*XRV .ûi2`KBMiBQM TT`Q+?û2 /2 HǶûM2`;B2 /2 +mBbbQM /ǶmM ƾm7 /m`ෟտ

V 1M 7BbMi mM #BHM ûM2`;ûiB[m2 i`ĕb bBKTH2 2Mi`2 HǶûii }MH 2i HǶûii BMBiBH- /QMM2` mM2 #Q`M2 BM7û`B2m`2

ෟտ ζЏμ/2 HǶûM2`;B2 /2 +mBbbQMෟտ/ǶmM ƾm7 /m`X 6B`2 HǶTTHB+iBQM MmKû`B[m2X

#V .2 H KāK2 7ÏQM- /QMM2` mM2 #Q`M2 bmTû`B2m`2ෟտ ζ͘Ђ/2 HǶûM2`;B2ෟտX 6B`2 HǶTTHB+iBQM MmKû`B[m2X +V .Mb H bmBi2- QM /QTi2` +QKK2 pH2m` /2 HǶûM2`;B2ෟտH KQv2MM2 `Bi?KûiB[m2 /2ෟտ ζЏμ2iෟտ ζ͘ЂX *H+mH2`

MmKû`B[m2K2Mi +2ii2 pH2m`X

AAX*XkV S2M/Mi H T?b2 /2 +mBbbQM- QM T2mi +QMbB/û`2` HǶ2m +QMi2Mm2 /Mb H2 +mBb2m` +QKK2 mM bvbiĕK2 Qmp2ì 2M û+QmH2K2Mi T2`KM2Mi- /K2iiMi 2M 2Mi`û2 /2 HǶ2m HB[mB/2 ¨ H i2KTûìm`2ԉ΄ͣ2i 2M bQìB2 /2 H pT2m` /Ƕ2m ¨ԉ΄ͣUMQi2` [m2- /Mb +2ii2 KQ/ûHBbiBQM- H2b ƾm7b 7QMi TìB2 /2 HǶ2tiû`B2m` /m bvbiĕK2VX aQBi෪H TmBbbM+2 i?2`KB[m2 7Qm`MB2 T` H `ûbBbiM+2 +?mzMi2-෪ցH TmBbbM+2 bbQ+Bû2 mt T2ì2b i?2`KB[m2b /Mb H2b /Bzû`2Mi2b TìB2b /m +mBb2m` UbQ+H2- +HQ+?2wVX

PM MQi2 ,

ਲ ӹֈH2 /û#Bi KbbB[m2 /2 pT2m` 2M bQ`iB2 c ਲ ԝH2 MQK#`2 /Ƕƾm7b /Mb H2 +mBb2m` c

ਲ ӯ֑H +?H2m` Hi2Mi2 KbbB[m2 /2 pTQ`BbiBQM /2 HǶ2m HB[mB/2 ¨ Ryy ê*-ӯ֑ ੉ ^ϩ+਼LH^·φc ਲ ෟ ԣHǶûM2`;B2 +û/û2 ¨ mM ƾm7 2Mi`2 H2 /û#mi /2 b +mBbbQM 2i HǶBMbiMiԣc

ਲ ෟչHǶûM2`;B2 Mû+2bbB`2 ¨ H +mBbbQM /ǶmM ƾm7 /Mb HǶûiiԍ ଄৓৑

৒৑

৐ ԓ /m`

Ԝ KQHH2i Ԓ +Q[m2

X

1M TTHB[mMi H2 T`2KB2` T`BM+BT2 m bvbiĕK2 Qmp2`i 2M `û;BK2 T2`KM2Mi T2M/Mi H /m`û2Eԣ- ûi#HB` H `2HiBQM 2Mi`2ӹֈ-෪-෪ց-Eෟ ԣ

Eԣ 2i H2 MQK#`2 /Ƕƾm7bԝX

AAX*XjV PM BMi`Q/mBi /Mb H2 +mBb2m` mM2 Kbb2ԜЈ/Ƕ2m HB[mB/2- [mB p /QM+ āi`2 pTQ`Bbû2 T2M/Mi H T?b2 /2 +mBbbQM /2 /m`û2࿿ԣϵX JQMi`2` [m2

ԜЈ ෪ ਲ ෪ց࿿ԣϵਲ ԝෟչ

ӯ֑

CmbiB}2` HQ`b H2b ;`/miBQMb /m ;Q#2H2iX

AAX*X9V 1tT`BK2` H TmBbbM+2 i?2`KB[m2 KBMBKH2 [m2 /QBi 7Qm`MB` H `ûbBbiM+2 ûH2+i`B[m2 TQm` TQmpQB` +mB`2 d ƾm7b /m`bX 6B`2 HǶTTHB+iBQM MmKû`B[m2 2M +QMbB/û`Mi෪ց ஃ 2i 2M T`2MMiෟտ L+TQm` mM ƾm7 /2 k-8 +K /2 `vQM /QMi H2 i2KTb /2 +mBbbQM 2bi /Ƕ2MpB`QM Ry KBMmi2bX *QKT`2` ¨ H TmBbbM+2 /m +mBb2m` 2i +QKK2Mi2`X

AAX*X8V PM /QMM2 };m`2 3 H `2T`ûb2MiiBQM ;`T?B[m2 /2 H Kbb2 /Ƕ2mԜЈ+QMi2Mm2 /Mb H2 ;Q#2H2i 2M 7QM+iBQM /m MQK#`2 /Ƕƾm7b TQm` H2b i`QBb /2;`ûb /2 +mBbbQM ԓ Ԝ ԒX MHvb2` +2b +Qm`#2b ¨ H HmKBĕ`2 /2b

`ûbmHiib T`û+û/2MibX 1M T`iB+mHB2` ,

ਲ /ûi2`KBM2` H iBHH2 /2b ƾm7b U+Ƕ2bi@¨@/B`2 H2m` `vQMV [mB QMi b2`pB ¨ Ŀ ûiHQMM2` ŀ H2 ;Q#2H2i c ਲ H2 i2KTb /2 +mBbbQM /ǶmM ƾm7 /m` pQmb b2K#H2@i@BH +QM7Q`K2 mt `ûbmHiib Q#i2Mmb THmb ?mi \

(7)

MQK#`2 /Ƕƾm7b

Kbb2/Ƕ2mU;V

.m`

JQHH2i

*Q[m2 Ԝ_Ј ਲ ԝ

Ԝ_Ј ਲ ԝ Ԝ_Ј ਲ ԝ

6B;m`2 3 Jbb2 /Ƕ2m ¨ BMi`Q/mB`2 /Mb H2 +mBb2m` 2M 7QM+iBQM /m MQK#`2 /Ƕƾm7b- TQm` H2b /Bzû`2Mib +?QBt /2 +mBbbQM

.QMMû2b

.QMMû2b ¨ kN3 EX

1ti`Bi /m i#H2m Tû`BQ/B[m2UKbb2b KQHB`2b 2M ;਼KQH^ƐRV

LmKû`Q iQKB[m2 R e d 3 RR Rk Rd

avK#QH2 > * L P L J; *H

Jbb2 KQHB`2 R-yR Rk-y R9-y Re-y kj-y k9-j j8-8

_vQMb BQMB[m2b

L^Y QN *H^@4 R3R TK

SQi2MiB2Hb biM/`/b

L^Y_U[VL_UbV n 7 >^Y_U[V>_{k U;V} 7 P_{k U;V}>_kP_U;V 7 *H_{k U;V}*H^@_U[V 7

*QmTH2 +B/2f#b2, >*HP*HP^@ .QMMû2b bm`L*H

Ԁ_֎ ¯$ bQHm#BHBiû ¨ Ryy ê* , jNR-k ;਼G^ƐR i2KTû`im`2 /2 7mbBQM , 3yR ê*

.QMMû2b bm`>*HU;V

2Mi?HTB2 biM/`/ /2 7Q`KiBQM , ƐNk-j FC਼KQH^ƐR +T+Biû i?2`KB[m2 KQHB`2 biM/`/ , kN-R C਼E^ƐR਼KQH^ƐR .QMMû2b bm` HǶ2m

Kbb2 pQHmKB[m2 , Ryyy F;਼K^Ɛj +T+Biû i?2`KB[m2 KbbB[m2 , 9R3y C਼F;^ƐR਼E^ƐR

+QM/m+iBpBiû i?2`KB[m2 , y-e q਼K^ƐR਼E^ƐR +?H2m` Hi2Mi2 KbbB[m2 /2 pTQ`BbiBQM , k-ke੉Ry^eC਼F;^ƐR T`Q/mBi BQMB[m2 ,Ԁ_ր ^ਲφΚ i2KTû`im`2 /Ƕû#mHHBiBQM bQmb R #` , Ryy ê*

*QMbiMi2b

*QMbiMi2 /ǶpQ;/`Q ԃ_բ ੉ ^ϵϯNPM^·φ

*QMbiMi2 /2 6`/v ӻ ԃ_բԔ ੉ ^ϯ$਼NPM^·φ

*QMbiMi2 /2b ;x T`7Bib ԇ +਼,^·φ਼NPM^·φ

*?`;2 ûHûK2MiB`2 Ԕ ੉ ^·φν$

PM T`2M/` ԇԉ

ӻ MO ԧ ஃ MPH ԧ2iԉ , ᅭ ¯$ X r r r6ALr r r