Corneille dans l'ombre de Molière. Comment identifier un auteur?

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Corneille dans l’ombre de Molière. Comment identifier un auteur?

Dominique Labbé

To cite this version:

Dominique Labbé. Corneille dans l’ombre de Molière. Comment identifier un auteur?. Séminaire du Circolo Filologico Linguistico Padovano (Università degli Studi di Padova), Jan 2011, Padova, Italie.

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A

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12345677589A4B87C2DE358958F276358

528A3B5283356AF2AF85F6A

A

(Jean-Léon Gérôme Une collaboration Corneille et Molière –1874) 1

Dominique Labbé

(PACTE - Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Grenoble) Résumé :

Molière a-t-il composé les pièces présentées sous son nom ? Plusieurs indices historiques montrent que ce n’est pas le cas. Au XVIIe siècle on présentait les comédies satiriques des grands auteurs sous le nom de

"comédiens poètes". Molière ne s’est pas comporté en écrivain et aucun de ses contemporains ne l’a traité comme tel. Au contraire, de nombreuses rumeurs ont couru, certaines désignant P. Corneille comme l’auteur des pièces présentées par Molière. Cinq indices statistiques confirment ces rumeurs : la distance intertextuelle, les classifications automatiques, les combinaisons des verbes usuels, le sens des mots les plus fréquents, la longueur des phrases.

1

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Several evidences show that Moliere did not write his plays. During the French 17

century, the comedies

were presented by comedians – like Molière – and not by the authors who wrote them. Molière did not

behave as an author and none, among his contemporaries, considered him as a writer. On the contrary,

several testified that Corneille wrote some of these plays. These testimonies are confirmed by several

statistical indices: intertextual distances, classifications, combinations of the usual words, meanings of the

keywords, lengths of the sentences.

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1 Les articles de Pierre Louÿs sont reproduits en annexe de Boissier 2004.

1

Références

Tous nos travaux cités sont accessibles en ligne à partir de notre page personnelle ou sur le site

« Archives ouvertes » du CNRS. On consultera également le site corneille-moliere.org.

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Annexe I.

Les pièces de Pierre Corneille.

Création Genre Longueur en mots

1 Mélite 1630 ? Comédie 16 690

2 Clitandre 1631 Tragi-comédie 14 402

3 La Veuve 1631 Comédie 17 661

4 La Galerie du Palais 1632 Comédie 16 140

5 La Suivante 1633 Comédie 15 160

6 Comédie des Tuileries 1634 Comédie 3 627

7 Médée 1635 Tragédie 14 269

8 La Place Royale 1634 Comédie 13 801

9 L'illusion comique 1636 Comédie 15 428

10 Le Cid 1636 Tragi-comédie 16 677

11 Cinna 1639 Tragédie 16 126

12 Horace 1640 Tragédie 16 482

13 Polyeucte 1641 Tragédie 16 472

14 Pompée 1642 Tragédie 16 492

15 Le Menteur 1 1642 Comédie 16 653

16 Le Menteur 2 1643 Comédie 17 675

17 Rodogune 1644 Tragédie 16 842

18 Théodore 1645 Tragédie 17 121

19 Héraclius 1647 Tragédie 17 433

20 Andromède 1650 Tragédie 15 514

21 Don Sanche 1650 Comédie héroïque 16 947

22 Nicomède 1651 Tragédie 16 923

23 Pertharite 1651 Tragédie 17 121

24 Oedipe 1659 Tragédie 18 618

25 Toison d'Or 1661 Tragédie 20 343

26 Sertorius 1662 Tragédie 17 675

27 Sophonisbe 1663 Tragédie 16 858

28 Othon 1664 Tragédie 16 971

29 Agésilas 1666 Tragédie 18 227

30 Atilla 1667 Tragédie 16 788

31 Tite et Bérénice 1670 Comédie héroïque 16 697

32 Pulchérie 1672 Tragédie 16 630

33 Suréna 1674 Tragédie 16 545

34 Psyché Corneille 1671 Comédie en vers 10 067

35 Psyché Molière 1671 Comédie en vers 4 816

36 Psyché Quinault 1671 Comédie en vers 1 399

Sources : Charles Marty-Laveaux. Œuvres complètes de P. Corneille. Paris : Hachette 1862.

Collection Les Grands écrivains de la France.

1 Annexe 2

L'œuvre théâtrale représentée sous le nom de Molière

Création Genre Longueur mots

37 La jalousie Avant 1659 Comédie prose 3 501

38 Médecin volant Avant 1659 Comédie prose 3 876

39 L'étourdi* 1659 Comédie vers 18 671

40 Dépit amoureux* 1659 Comédie vers 16 242

41 Précieuses ridicules 1660 Comédie prose 6 648

42 Sganarelle* 1660 Comédie vers 6 042

43 Dom Garcie* 1661 Comédie héroïque vers 17 049 44 L'école des maris* 1661 Comédie vers 10 536

45 Les fâcheux* 1661 Comédie vers 7 922

46 L'école des femmes* 1662 Comédie vers 16 625 47 Critique de l'école 1663 Comédie prose 8 610

48 L'impromptu 1663 Comédie prose 7 168

49 Mariage forcé 1664 Comédie prose 6 058

50 Princesse d'Elide* 1664 Comédie vers et prose 11 333

51 Le Tartuffe* 1664 Comédie vers 18 271

52 Dom Juan* 1665 Comédie prose 17 452

53 L'amour médecin 1665 Comédie prose 6 147

54 Le Misanthrope* 1666 Comédie vers 17 180

55 Médecin malgré lui 1666 Comédie prose 9 317

56 Mélicerte* 1666 Comédie vers 5 540

** Comédie pastorale 1667 Comédie vers libres 732

57 Le sicilien 1667 Comédie prose 5 375

58 Amphytrion* 1668 Comédie vers libres 15 117

59 Georges Dandin 1668 Comédie prose 11 009

60 L'avare* 1668 Comédie prose 21 033

61 M. de Pourceaugnac 1669 Comédie prose 11 803 62 Amants magnifiques* 1670 Comédie vers & prose 11 983 63 Bourgeois gentilhom.* 1670 Comédie prose 17 132 64 Fourberies de Scapin 1671 Comédie prose 14 245

65 Escarbagnas 1671 Comédie prose 5 564

66 Femmes savantes* 1672 Comédie vers 16 863

67 Malade imaginaire* 1673 Comédie prose 19 919

* Pièce écrite, en tout ou partie, par P. Corneille

** Pièce retirée dans les expériences à cause de sa petite taille.

Sources : Eugène Despois. Œuvres complètes de Molière. Paris : Hachette, 1876. Collection Les Grands

écrivains de la France.

Annexe 3

Distances séparant les deux Menteurs (Corneille) et les Plaideurs (Racine) de toutes les pièces de Molière

N° Pièces Genre Le Menteur

(Corneille 1642)

Suite du Menteur (Corneille 1643)

Les Plaideurs (Racine : 1668)

15 Le Menteur (1642) Vers 0,0000 0,1797 0,2961

16 La suite du Menteur (1643) Vers 0,1797 0,000 0,2933

34 Psyché Corneille (1671) Vers 0,2875 0,2730 0,3647

36 Psyché Molière (1671) Vers 0,3294 0,3249 0,3777

37 La jalousie du barbouillé (avant 1660) Prose 0,3411 0,3312 0,3269

38 Médecin volant (avant 1660) Prose 0,3097 0,2932 0,3021

39 L'étourdi (1658) Vers 0,2048 0,2060 0,2691

40 Dépit amoureux (1658) Vers 0,2154 0,2114 0,2702

41 Précieuses ridicules (1660) Prose 0,3143 0,3138 0,3139

42 Sganarelle ou le cocu imagin. (1660) Vers 0,2585 0,2527 0,2928

43 Dom Garcie de Navarre (1661) Vers 0,2802 0,2728 0,3585

44 L'école des maris (1661) Vers 0,2231 0,2168 0,2791

45 Les fâcheux (1661) Vers 0,2477 0,2476 0,3062

46 L'école des femmes (1662) Vers 0,2256 0,2167 0,2608

47 Critique de l'école des femmes (1663) Prose 0,3229 0,3187 0,3405 48 L'impromptu de Versailles (1663) Prose 0,3212 0,3157 0,3233

49 Mariage forcé (1664) Prose 0,3217 0,3024 0,3196

50 Princesse d'Elide (1664) Vers Prose 0,2518 0,2426 0,3135

51 Le Tartuffe (1664) Vers 0,2416 0,2315 0,2753

52 Dom Juan (1665) Prose 0,2619 0,2471 0,2812

53 L'amour médecin (1665) Prose 0,2917 0,2888 0,2871

54 Le Misanthrope (1666) Vers 0,2524 0,2331 0,2824

55 Médecin malgré lui (1666) Prose 0,2970 0,2886 0,2963

56 Mélicerte (1666) Vers 0,2569 0,2499 0,3217

57 Le sicilien ou l'amour peintre (1667) Prose 0,2772 0,2598 0,3011

58 Amphytrion (1668) Vers libres 0,2525 0,2563 0,2966

59 Georges Dandin (1668) Prose 0,2916 0,2788 0,2922

60 L'Avare (1668) Prose 0,2566 0,2439 0,2696

61 CD1EF1F1A6691 Prose 0,2916 0,2820 0,2852

62 Amants magnifiques (1670) Prose 0,2821 0,2793 0,3295

63 Bourgeois gentilhomme (1670) Prose 0,2940 0,2816 0,2864

64 Fourberies de Scapin (1671) Prose 0,2692 0,2626 0,2805

65 Comtesse d'Escarbagnas (1671) Prose 0,3111 0,3001 0,3048

66 Femmes savantes (1672) Vers 0,2598 0,2486 0,2829

67 Malade imaginaire (1672) Prose 0,2861 0,2789 0,2782

1 234566513578951A5123BCD9511 0,2761 0,2680 0,3002

Moyenne pièces en vers de Molière 0,2386 0,2315 0,2850

Moyenne oeuvre de Corneille 0,2513 0,2480 0,3532

Moyenne oeuvre de Racine 0,3140 0,3129 0,3763

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365A2T865A 8)A 4FD36AB365A 5)A &F436A365A 4)5A

.2'<2638<2638 ,6/8 <2'72638%A6358 86:8 DD56A:56:56A =)4A B5436AM865A )=A &F436AB365A 5)IA 365A&6D56A =)4A

&F436A7F636A )4A &F436A436A 8)=A &F436AM865A =)4A

<2'72638%A6358 8688 DD56A365A 8)A 45236A:56:56A =)A

365A22T865A )3A 436A365A 8)A 365A$D856A 3)3A

B5436A365A 4)=A .2'<2638<2638 *6,8 DD36A&6836A 3)3A 1

44525878

57A&6323&F*AC6F&57A456F*A:5JAK6A58A#6EA26$0F525A&F6A!A876A A

K6A A #6EA A

<2'7263896358 =)A <2'7263896358 I)4A .2'<2638=358 5)A .2'<2638=358 8)3A .2'<2638%A6358 5)5A .2'<2638%A6358 )=A

95<2638=358 8)A 95<2638=358 )8A

A77538%A6358 )A A77538%A6358 )A

&F436A43465A )=A 95<2638A<2638 )8A

7A6BB5382DE538 )8A &F436AB365A )8A

95<2638A<2638 )A 7A6BB5382DE538 )4=A

DD56A436A )A D37756ADD56A )IIA

B5436A365A )4A 365A&7756A )5A

1