Domain-specific modeling language for self-adaptive software system architectures

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(1)Domain-specific modeling language for self-adaptive software system architectures Filip Křikava. To cite this version: Filip Křikava. Domain-specific modeling language for self-adaptive software system architectures. Other [cs.OH]. Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. English. �NNT : 2013NICE4110�. �tel00935083�. HAL Id: tel-00935083 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935083 Submitted on 23 Jan 2014. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

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(3) Pdeo skng eo he_ajoa` qjàn ] ?na]pera ?kiikjo =ppne^qpekj)Jk@anero /*, Qjlknpa` He_ajoa*.

(4) =ôpn]_p Pda reoekj kb =qpkjkie_ ?kilqpejc ]j` Oahb)=`]lpera Okbps]na Ouopaio ]eio ]p na]hev) ejc okbps]na pd]p ]qpkjkikqohu i]j]ca epoahb ej lnaoaj_a kb r]nuejc ajrenkjiajp]h _kj) èpekjo* Baa`^]_g ?kjpnkh Hkklo $B?H% lnkreà cajane_ ia_d]jeoio bkn oahb)]`]lp]pekj( dksaran( ej_knlkn]pejc pdai ejpk okbps]na ouopaio n]eoao i]ju _d]hhajcao* Pda |nop l]np kb pdeo pdaoeo ]``naooao pda ejpacn]pekj _d]hhajca( ( bkniejc pda ]n) _depa_pqna _kjja_pekj âpsaaj pda qjànhuejc ]`]lp]^ha okbps]na ]j` pda ]`]lp]pekj aj) ceja* Sa lnklkoa ] `ki]ej)ola_e|_ ikàhejc h]jcq]ca( B?@H( bkn ejpacn]pejc ]`]lp]pekj ia_d]jeoio ejpk okbps]na ouopaio pdnkqcd atpanj]h B?Ho* Ep n]eoao pda harah kb ]ôpn]_) pekj( i]gejc B?Ho ]iaj]^ha pk ]qpki]pa` ]j]huoeo ]j` eilhaiajp]pekj _kà oujpdaoeo* Pda h]jcq]ca oqllknpo _kilkoepekj( èopne^qpekj ]j` na}a_pekj pdanaû aj]^hejc _kknè) j]pekj ]j` _kilkoepekj kb iqhpelha èopne^qpa` B?Ho* Epo qoa eo b]_ehep]pa` û ] ikàh) ejc ajrenkjiajp( =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ( pd]p lnkreào oqllknp bkn ikàhejc( rane|_]pekj ]j` _kilhapa _kà cajan]pekj* Pda oqep]êhepu kb kqn ]llnk]_d eo ehhqopn]pa` kj pdnaa na]h)sknh` ]`]l) p]pekj o_aj]neko* Pda oa_kj` l]np kb pdeo pdaoeo bk_qoao kj ikàh i]jelqh]pekj ]o pda qjànhuejc b]_eh) epu bkn eilhaiajpejc =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ* Sa lnklkoa ]j ejpanj]h @ki]ej)Ola_e|_ H]jcq]ca $@OH% ]llnk]_d sdanaû O_]h] eo qoa` pk eilhaiajp ] b]iehu kb @OHo( Oңҡҧқ( bkn ikàh _kj) oeopaj_u _da_gejc ]j` ikàh pn]jobkni]pekjo* Pda @OHo d]ra oeieh]n atlnaooerajaoo ]j` ba]pqnao pk ateopejc ]llnk]_dao( sdeha haran]cejc O_]h] rano]pehepu( lanbkni]j_a ]j` pkkh oqllknp* Pk _kj_hqà pdeo pdaoeo sa èo_qoo bqnpdan skng ]j` bqnpdan naoa]n_d èna_pekjo bkn I@A ]llhe_]pekjo pk oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopaio*. e.

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(6) NÉoqiÉ Ha _]h_qh ]qpkjkia reoa À _kj_arken ào hkce_eaho mqe lnajjajp aj _kilpa hao r]ne]pekjo `]jo haqn ajrenkjjaiajp `#atÉ_qpekj* Hao ^kq_hao à nÉpnk)]_pekj $B?H% bkqnjeooajp qj iÉ_]jeoia `#]qpk)]`]lp]pekj cÉjÉnemqa( i]eo haqn ejpÉcn]pekj `]jo ào ouopÈiao hkce_eaho okqhÈra à jki^naqt `É|o* ?appa pdÈoa o#]pp]mqa ]q `É| `#ejpÉcn]pekj( _*À*`* h] _kilkoepekj à h#]n_depa_pqna à _kjjatekj nahe]jp ha ouopÈia hkce_eah ]`]lp]^ha ]q ikpaqn `#]`]lp]pekj* Jkqo lnklkokjo lkqn _ah] ha h]jc]ca à ik`Éheo]pekj olÉ_e|mqa ]q `ki]eja B?@H* Eh ÉhÈra ha jera]q `#]ô) pn]_pekj ào B?Ho( laniapp]jp h#]j]huoa ]qpki]pemqa ap h] oujpdÈoa `q _kà* ?a h]jc]ca aop _]l]^ha à _kilkoepekj( à èopne^qpekj ap à nÉ}aterepÉ( laniapp]jp h] _kknèj]pekj à lhqoeaqno ^kq_hao à nÉpnk)]_pekj èopne^qÉao ap qpeheo]jp ào iÉ_]jeoiao à _kjpnÔha r]) neÉo* Okj qpeheo]pekj aop b]_ehepÉa l]n h#ajrenkjjaiajp à ik`Éheo]pekj =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ mqe laniap h] ik`Éheo]pekj( h] rÉne|_]pekj ap h] cÉjÉn]pekj `q _kà* H] lanpejaj_a à jkpna ]llnk_da aop ehhqopnÉa À pn]rano pnkeo o_Éj]neko `#]`]lp]pekj nÉaho _kjopnqepo à ^kqp aj ^kqp* Jkqo _kjoe`Énkjo ajoqepa h] i]jelqh]pekj à ik`Èhao _kiia ikuaj `#eilh]jpan =ҝ) ҮҬҟҭҭ* Jkqo lnklkokjo qj H]jc]ca OlÉ_e|mqa ]q @ki]eja ejpanja mqe qpeheoa O_]h] lkqn eilh]jpan qja b]iehha à @OHo* Eh laniap h] rÉne|_]pekj à _kdÉnaj_a ap hao pn]jobkni]) pekjo à ik`Èhao* Hao @OHo nÉoqhp]jp kjp ào lnklneÉpÉo oeieh]enao ]qt ]llnk_dao ateo) p]jpao( i]eo ^ÉjÉ|_eajp aj lhqo à h] okqlhaooa( à h] lanbkni]j_a ap à h#kqpehh]ca ]ook_eÉo À O_]h]* Jkqo _kj_hqkjo ]ra_ ào leopao à na_dan_da `É_kqh]jp à h#]llhe_]pekj à h#E@I ]q `ki]eja `q _]h_qh ]qpkjkia*. eee.

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(8) E ]hikop seod E d]`j#p ckja `ksj pd]p n]^êp dkha ) ]j` uap ) ]j` uap ) ep#o n]pdan _qnekqo( ukq gjks( pdeo oknp kb heba ))) =he_a. r.

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(10) ?kjpajpo ?kjpajpo. ree. Heop kb Becqnao. tee. Heopejco. tr. - Ejpnk`q_pekj -*- ?kjpatp ]j` Ikper]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. E. -. -*. -*/. K^fa_perao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ?kjpne^qpekjo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 0 1. -*0. Kqpheja * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 2. Kj Ajcejaanejc Oahb)=`]lpera Okbps]na Ouopaio. . Oahb)=`]lpera Okbps]na Ouopaio .*-. 5 --. Lnej_elhao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * .*-*- Baa`^]_g ?kjpnkh Hkkl * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * .*-*. =llhe_]pekjo pk Okbps]na Ouopaio * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. --. -0. .*.. .*-*/ =qpkjkie_ ?kilqpejc * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Nah]pa` Skng * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -2 .,. .*/. .*.*- =llnk]_dao B]_ehep]pejc Oahb)=`]lp]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * .*.*. =llnk]_dao =eiejc ]p Cajane_ Oahb)=`]lp]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * Oqii]nu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. ..0 /.. / Ikàhejc Baa`^]_g ?kjpnkh =n_depa_pqnao ) Oujp]t /*- @aoecj @a_eoekjo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. /1 /1. /*-*/*-*. /*. /*/. ?d]hhajcao Nareoepa` * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Sdu ] Ikàh)@neraj Ajcejaanejc =llnk]_d; * * * * * * * * * * * *. /2 /3. /*-*/ Sdu ]j =_pkn)Kneajpa` @aoecj; * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Nqjjejc At]ilha * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Baa`^]_g ?kjpnkh @a|jepekj H]jcq]ca * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. /5 0. 00. /*/*/*/*.. Decd)Harah Kranreas * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * @]p] Pulao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 00 04. /*/*/ /*/*0 /*/*1. =`]lpera Ahaiajp * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ?kilkoepekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Na}a_pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 11/ 12. /*/*2 /*/*3. @eopne^qpekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Ejop]j_ao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 14 2-. ree.

(11) /*/*4 /*0 0. 2/ 2/. Ikàhejc Baa`^]_g ?kjpnkh =n_depa_pqnao ) Oai]jpe_o. 21. 0*-. Ikàh kb ?kilqp]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 21. 0*-*-. =`]lpera Ahaiajp @ena_pkn ]j` @ahac]pa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 22. 0*-*.. Iaoo]ca L]ooejc * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 25. 0*-*/. Lqod ?kiiqje_]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 3,. 0*-*0. Lqhh ?kiiqje_]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 3.. 0*-*1. Ahaiajp =_per]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 3.. 0*-*2. =cjkope_ Lknp Ikà * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 3/. Ejpan]_pekj ?kjpn]_po * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 30. 0*.*-. Ikper]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 30. 0*.*.. Lnanamqeoepao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 33. 0*.*/. @a|jepekj ]j` Lnklanpeao kb ]j Ejpan]_pekj ?kjpn]_p * * * * * * * * *. 35. 0*.*0. Ejpan]_pekj ?kjpn]_po bkn ?kilkoepao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 40. 0*.*1. ?kjoeopaj_u * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 44. 0*.*2. @apaniej]_u * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 45. 0*.*3. ?kilhapajaoo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 5,. 0*.*4. =_per]pekj Iapdkò ]j` =`]lpera Ahaiajp =_po * * * * * * * * * * *. 5,. Oqii]nu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 52. 0*.. 0*/ 1. =jjkp]pekjo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. Oqii]nu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. Pda =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ Ikàhejc Ajrenkjiajp. 53. 1*-. Ikàhejc Oqllknp * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 53. 1*-*-. Sdu ] @ki]ej)ola_e|_ H]jcq]ca; * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 55. 1*-*.. ҲB?@H ej ] Jqpodahh6 Ikàhejc B?H =n_depa_pqnao * * * * * * * * *. -,,. 1*-*/. ҲB?@H ej ] Jqpodahh6 =`]lpera Ahaiajp Eilhaiajp]pekj * * * * * *. -,1. 1*-*0. ҲB?@H pk FRI Ikàh Pn]jobkni]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -,5. 1*-*1. ҲB?@H pk B?@H Pn]jobkni]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. --,. 1*.. ?kà Cajan]pekj Oqllknp * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. ---. 1*.*-. ?kà Cajan]pkn * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. --.. 1*.*.. Pda =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ Bn]iaskng * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. --0. Rane|_]pekj Oqllknp * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. --2. 1*/*-. Ikàh ?kjoeopaj_u ?da_gejc * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. --2. 1*/*.. Atpanj]h Rane|_]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. --4. 1*0. Ejpacn]pa` @arahkliajp sepd =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -.,. 1*1. Oqii]nu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -.-. 1*/. EE Kj Ikàh I]jelqh]pekj. -./. 2. Ikàh I]jelqh]pekj P]ogo( H]jcq]cao ]j` Pkkho. -.1. 2*-. Ikper]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -.1. 2*-*-. -.1. Sdu ]j =hpanj]pera pk Ikàh I]jelqh]pekjo; * * * * * * * * * * * * reee.

(12) Ikàh I]jelqh]pekj P]ogo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -.3. 2*.. =llnk]_dao pk Ikàh I]jelqh]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 2*-*.. -.4. 2*/. Eooqao ej Ikàh I]jelqh]pekj H]jcq]cao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -/,. 2*/*-. H]jcq]ca Atlnaooerajaoo ]j` Rano]pehepu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -/-. 2*/*.. Ejpanklan]êhepu( ?kjoeopaj_u ]j` Naqoa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -//. 2*/*/ 2*0. 2*1. Pkkh Oqllknp ]j` Lanbkni]j_a * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -/0. Pks]nò Ejpanj]h @OH * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -/1. 2*0*-. N]pekj]ha * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -/1. 2*0*.. Lnej_elhao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -/2. 2*0*/. ?dkkoejc pda Dkop H]jcq]ca * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -/3. 2*0*0. Sdu O_]h]; * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -/4. 2*0*1. Aiâ`èjc @OH ej O_]h] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -/4. Oqii]nu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -/5. 3 Hecdpsaecdp Ikàh I]jelqh]pekj Qoejc Oңҡҧқ 3*-. 3*.. 3*/. 3*0. -0-. Ikàh J]rec]pekj( Ikè|_]pekj ]j` @ahac]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -0-. 3*-*-. Namqenaiajpo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -0-. 3*-*.. Ikàh J]rec]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -0.. 3*-*/. Ikàh Ikè|_]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -00. 3*-*0. Ikàh @ahac]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -01. Ikàh ?kjoeopaj_u ?da_gejc * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -02. 3*.*-. Namqenaiajpo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -02. 3*.*.. Ikàh ?kjoeopaj_u ?da_gejc ej O_]h] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -02. Ikàh Pn]jobkni]pekjo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -1,. 3*/*-. Namqenaiajpo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -1,. 3*/*.. Ikàh)pk)Ikàh Pn]jobkni]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -1-. 3*/*/. Ikàh)pk)Patp Pn]jobkni]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -11. Oqii]nu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -13. EEE Ar]hq]pekj( ?kj_hqoekjo ]j` Lanola_perao. -15. 4 Ar]hq]pekj. -2-. 4*-. 4*.. Atlaneiajp]h ?]oa Opqèao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -2-. 4*-*-. Sdu DP? ?]oa Opqèao; * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -2.. 4*-*.. ?]oa Opqù -6 DP?kj`kn Hk_]h Fk^ Oqîeooekj Kranhk]` ?kjpnkh *. -2/. 4*-*/. ?]oa Opqù .6 DP?kj`kn @eopne^qpa` Fk^ Oqîeooekj Kranhk]` ?kj) pnkh * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * -3.. =ooaooejc B?@H ]j` pda =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ Ikàhejc Ajrenkjiajp * * * * * * * * * *. -33. 4*.*-. =llhe_]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -34. 4*.*.. Oahb)=`]lpera ?d]n]_paneope_o ]j` ?]l]êhepeao * * * * * * * * * * * *. -34. 4*.*/. Mq]hepu =ppne^qpao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -35. 4*.*0. Heiep]pekjo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -40. et.

(13) 4*.*1 4*/. 4*0 5. @eo_qooekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -41. =ooaooejc Oңҡҧқ Ikàh I]jelqh]pekj H]jcq]cao * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -42. 4*/*-. =llhe_]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -43. 4*/*.. Mq]hepu =ppne^qpao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -43. 4*/*/. Heiep]pekjo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -5,. 4*/*0. @eo_qooekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -5-. Oqii]nu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -5.. ?kj_hqoekjo ]j` Lanola_perao. -51. 5*-. ?kjpne^qpekjo Oqii]nu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -51. 5*-*-. B?@H ]j` pda =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ Ikàhejc Ajrenkjiajp * * * * * * * * * * * *. -51. 5*-*. 5*.. 5*/. 5*0. Oңҡҧқ Ikàh I]jelqh]pekj @OHo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -53. Bqnpdan Skng * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -53. 5*.*-. B?@H ]j` =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ Eilnkraiajpo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -53. 5*.*.. Oңҡҧқ Eilnkraiajpo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -55. Bqnpdan Naoa]n_d @ena_pekjo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .,,. 5*/*-. Kj Ajcejaanejc Oahb)=`]lpera Okbps]na Ouopaio * * * * * * * * * * *. .,,. 5*/*.. Kj Ikàh I]jelqh]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .,-. Bej]h Nai]ngo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .,0. ER =llajè_ao. .,1. = Lq^he_]pekjo. .,3. > B?@H Nabanaj_a. .,5. >*- B?@H Cn]lde_]h Jkp]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .,5. >*. B?@H =ôpn]_p Oujp]t6 Pulao L]_g]cao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .-,. >*/ B?@H =ôpn]_p Oujp]t6 Ejop]j_ao L]_g]ca * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .--. >*0 O_]h] Eilhaiajp]pekj kb Ejpan]_pekj ?kjpn]_p Ejbanaj_a * * * * * * * * * * *. .-.. ? ҲB?@H Nabanaj_a. .-1. ?*- =ôpn]_p Oujp]t * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .-1. ?*. ?kj_napa Oujp]t * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .-2. ?*/ ҲB?@H pk B?@H Pn]jobkni]pekj Nqhao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .-4. @ Nqjjejc O_aj]nek Eilhaiajp]pekj. ..-. @*- Nqjjejc At]ilha ҲB?@H @a|jepekjo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. ..-. @*.. ..0. Eilhaiajp]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * @*.*- =`]lpera Ahaiajp @ahac]pa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. ..0. @*.*. =`]lpera Ahaiajp =_p * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. ..1. @*/. ?kilkoepa H]qj_dan * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. ..3. @*0. ?kilkoepa @ahac]pa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. ..3. A Atlaneiajp]h ?]oa Opqèao Eilhaiajp]pekj t. ..5.

(14) A*- ?]oa Opqù -6 DP?kj`kn Hk_]h Fk^ Oqîeooekj Kranhk]` ?kjpnkh * * * * *. ..5. A*-*- ҲB?@H ?kà * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * A*-*. Ejpan]_pekj ?kjpn]_po * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * A*. ?]oa Opqù .6 DP?kj`kn @eopne^qpa` Fk^ Oqîeooekj Kranhk]` ?kjpnkh *. ..5 ./. ./.. A*.*A*.*.. ҲB?@H ?kà * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Ejpan]_pekj ?kjpn]_po * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. >e^hekcn]ldu. ./. ./0 ./1. te.

(15) Heop kb Becqnao .*-. Baa`^]_g _kjpnkh hkkl ^hk_g è]cn]i * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .*.. ?kj_alpq]h baa`^]_g _kjpnkh hkkl ej okbps]na ouopaio * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -0. .*/. Pda E>I ]qpkjkie_ ahaiajp sepd pda I=LA)G nabanaj_a ikàh * * * * * * * *. -4. .*0. N]ej^ks Bn]iaskng WC]nh]j ap ]h*( .,,0Y * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .1. .*1. Op]nIT Bn]iaskng W=o]`khh]de ap ]h*( .,,5Y * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .2. .*2. ?=LLQ?EJK Bn]iaskng WNkiank ap ]h*( .,-,Y * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .4. .*3. @e]Oqepa At]ilha W>anpn]j ap ]h*( .,-.Y * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .5. .*4. At]ilha kb ] Lpkhaiu EE ikàh * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. /,. .*5. Ata_qp]^ha Nqjpeia Iac]ikàho At]ilha WRkcah ]j` Ceaoa( .,-.Y * * * * * *. /-. /*-. >hk_g è]cn]i kb pda nqjjejc at]ilha * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 0.. /*.. @acn]`]pekj n]pa bkn _kjpajp pnaa oaha_pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 0/. /*/. B?@H o_dai] kb pda nqjjejc at]ilha * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 02. /*0. B?@H iap])ikàh at_anlp nah]pa` pk `]p] pula ouopai * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 05. /*1. B?@H iap])ikàh at_anlp nah]pa` pk lkhuiknlde_ `]p] pula ouopai * * * * * *. 1,. /*2. B?@H iap])ikàh at_anlp nah]pa` pk ]`]lpera ahaiajp pulao * * * * * * * * * *. 1-. /*3. At]ilha kb pda kb. 1/. /*4. B?@H ikàh kb pda nqjjejc at]ilha sepd _kilkoepao * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 10. /*5. B?@H iap])ikàh at_anlp nah]pa` pk ]`]lpera ahaiajp _kilkoepekj * * * * * *. 11. /*-, =j at_anlp kb pda. ]`]lpera ahaiajp pula à|jepekj * * * * *. -/. _kilkoepa k^fa_p ikàh * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 12. /*-- B?@H o_dai] kb pda nqjjejc at]ilha sepd ]`]lpera ikjepknejc * * * * * * * *. 13. /*-. B?@H o_dai] kb ] ùj]ie_ àlhkuiajp kb pda nqjjejc at]ilha * * * * * * * *. 14. /*-/ B?@H iap])ikàh at_anlp nah]pa` pk ahaiajp èopne^qpekj * * * * * * * * * * * *. 2,. /*-0 Nqjjejc at]ilha sepd. nqjjejc naikpahu * * * * * * * * * * *. 2,. /*-1 B?@H pulao ]j` ejop]j_ao ]p psk iap])ikàhejc haraho * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 2-. /*-2 B?@H iap])ikàh at_anlp nah]pa` pk ejop]j_ao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 2.. /*-3 B?@H iap])ikàh at_anlp nah]pa` pk ]jjkp]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 2/. 0*-. =`]lpera ahaiajp èna_pkn ]j` àhac]pa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 23. 0*.. Lqod _kiiqje_]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 3-. 0*/. At]ilha kb ]cjkope_ lknp ikà * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 3/. 0*0. Eilnkra`. lnk_aookn * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 31. 0*1. Ejpan]_pekj _kjpn]_po kb pda nqjjejc at]ilha ]`]lpera ahaiajpo * * * * * * * *. 4,. 0*2. At]ilha kb ejlqp ouj_dnkjev]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 4-. 0*3. At]ilha _kilkoepa bkn pda ejpan]_pekj _kjpn]_p ejbanaj_a ehhqopn]pekj * * * * *. 40. 0*4. Ejpan]_pekj _kjpn]_p ejbanaj_a ]hcknepdi bkn _kilkoepao * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 42. 0*5. At]ilha kb i]llejc ejpan]_pekj _kjpn]_p lknpo ejpk pda _kilkoepa lknpo * * *. 43. tee.

(16) 0*-, Ejpan]_pekj _kjpn]_po kb pda _kilkoepao bnki pda nqjjejc at]ilha * * * * * * *. 43. 0*-- B?@H iap])ikàh at_anlp nah]pa` pk ejpan]_pekj _kjpn]_po * * * * * * * * * * * *. 44. 0*-. @e{anaj_ao âpsaaj ]`]lpera ahaiajp àhac]pa ]j` ]_p ]_per]pekjo * * * * * * *. 5.. 0*-/ Ejpan]_pekj _kjpn]_p ]_p * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 5/. 0*-0 Ejpan]_pekj _kjpn]_po àjkp]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 50. 0*-1 =_per]pekj iapdk` oecj]pqnao kb pda nqjjejc at]ilha ]`]lpera ahaiajpo * * *. 51. 0*-2 Pda è{anajp haraho kb B?@H oai]jpe_ ]ôpn]_pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 52. 1*-. Kranreas kb pda =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ ikàhejc oqllknp * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 54. 1*.. =j at_anlp kb pda. _kilkoepa qoa` bkn pda ҲB?@H ehhqopn]pekj * * *. -,,. 1*/. ҲB?@H pk FRI ikàh pn]jobkni]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. --,. 1*0. Kranreas kb pda =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ _kà cajan]pekj oqllknp * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. ---. 1*1. Pda dean]n_du kb pda nqjjejc at]ilha ]_pkno ej pda =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ nqjpeia * * * * * *. --.. 1*2. At]ilha kb ]j ]`]lpera ahaiajp èna_pkn ata_qpekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. --1. 1*3. ?kilkoepa èna_pkn heba)_u_ha * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. --2. 1*4. Kranreas kb =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ r]he`]pekj ]j` rane|_]pekj oqllknp * * * * * * * * * * * *. --3. 1*5. Pda i]ej p]ogo ]j` ]npeb]_po ejrkhra` ej pda àrahkliajp lnk_aoo sepd =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ -.,. 1*-, Pda =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ ikàhejc ajrenkjiajp * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -.-. 2*-. Oqii]nu kb oqnraua` ikàh i]jelqh]pekj h]jcq]cao * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -.5. 2*.. Ikàh i]jelqh]pekj pkkh oqllknp _kil]neokj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -/1. 3*-. = ik_g kb Oңҡҧқ ikàh _kjoeopaj_u _da_gejc ej =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ * * * * * * * * * * * *. -04. 4*-. Kranreas kb pda DP?kj`kn hk_]h kranhk]` _kjpnkh o_aj]nek* * * * * * * * * * * *. -2/. 4*.. Nah]pekj âpsaaj mqaqa qpehev]pekj ρ ]j` jqiân kb e`ha fkô N * * * * * * * *. -21. 4*/. _kilkoepa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -21. 4*0. _kilkoepa* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -22. 4*1. _kilkoepa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -23. 4*2. _kilkoepa atpajà` sepd ]`]lpera _kjpnkh * * * * * * * * * * * *. -23. 4*3. Aj_]loqh]pekj kb ]`]lpera ahaiajpo nah]pa` pk ouopai ikjepknejc * * * * * * *. -24. 4*4. Aj_]loqh]pekj kb ikjepknejc ahaiajpo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -24. 4*5. DP?kj`kn hk_]h fk^ oqîeooekj âd]rekn sepd ]j` sepdkqp _kjpnkh * * * * * *. -3,. 4*-, Kranreas kb pda DP?kj`kn èopne^qpa` kranhk]` _kjpnkh o_aj]nek* * * * * * * *. -3.. 4*--. _kilkoepa bkn pda oa_kj` _]oa opqù * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -3/. 4*-/ Oqii]nu kb pda jqiân kb ahaiajp ]j` OHK? kb pda _]oa opqèao * * * * * * *. -30. 4*-. DP?kj`kn èopne^qpa` fk^ oqîeooekj âd]rekn sepd ]j` sepdkqp _kjpnkh * *. -32. 4*-0 Oqii]nu kb B?@H ]j` =ҝҮҬҟҭҭ oahb)]`]lpera _]l]êhepeao * * * * * * * * * * * *. -4,. 4*-1 Oqii]nu kb Lpkhaiu . oahb)]`]lpera _]l]êhepeao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -4-. 4*-2 = _kilkoepa eilhaiajp]pekj kb. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -4/. 4*-3 @e{anajp haraho kb ]ôpn]_pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -42. 4*-4 O]ilha lanbkni]j_a kb è{anajp I.P h]jcq]cao * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. -5,. >*- B?@H Cn]lde_]h Jkp]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .,5. teee.

(17) >*. B?@H Pulao L]_g]ca * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .-,. >*/ B?@H Ejop]j_ao L]_g]ca * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .--. ?*- ҲB?@H =ôpn]_p Oujp]t * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .-1. A*- Ejpan]_pekj _kjpn]_po * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * A*. Ejpan]_pekj _kjpn]_po * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. ./. ./0. ter.

(18) Heopejco /*0*-. At]ilha kb ]`]lpera ahaiajp oahb)]_per]pekj * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * At]ilha kb ]`]lpera ahaiajp àhac]pa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 1. 24. 0*.. At]ilha kb ]j ]`]lpera ahaiajp eilhaiajp]pekj sepdkqp ]j ej) pan]_pekj _kjpn]_p * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. 31. 1*1*. 2*-. T^]oa eilhaiajp]pekj kb * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * -,2 At]ilha kb pda cajan]pa` Lnkiah] _kà bkn * * * * * * * * * --4 Dahlan bqj_pekj ej K?H( MRPk( =__ahak ]j` =PH * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * -/0. >*- O_]h] eilhaiajp]pekj kb pda ejpan]_pekj _kjpn]_p ejbanaj_a * * * * * * * * * * * * ?*- ҲB?@H ?kj_napa Oujp]t * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. .-. .-2. @*- ҲB?@H _kà kb pda nqjjejc at]ilha ]o odksj ej Becqna /*4 * * * * * * * * * * * @*. Oujpdaoeva` ]`]lpera ahaiajp àhac]pa * * * * * * * * * * * * @*/ Oujpdaoeva` ]`]lpera ahaiajp ]_p * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *. ....0 ..2. @*0 Oujpdaoeva` h]qj_dan * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ..3 @*1 Oujpdaoeva` _kilkoepa àhac]pa * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ..3 A*- ҲB?@H _kà kb pda atlaneiajp]h _]oa opqù bnki Oa_pekj 4*-*. * * * * * * * * * ..5 A*. ҲB?@H _kà kb pda atlaneiajp]h _]oa opqù bnki Oa_pekj 4*-*/ * * * * * * * * *. tr. ./..

(19)

(20) ?D=LPAN. Ejpnk`q_pekj -*- ?kjpatp ]j` Ikper]pekj Pda l]op psk à_]ào d]ra sepjaooa` pda lnkheban]pekj kb _kilqpejc àre_ao ]hkjcoeà sepd pda àrahkliajp kb pdaen n]s _kilqpejc _]l]_epeao cnksejc ]p atlkjajpe]h n]pao* Sdeha kjhu ] bas ua]no ]ck( _kilqpan ouopaio d]` k__qlea` ] sahh àheiepa` l]np kb kqn herao( pk`]u( pdeo eo jkp pnqa ]juikna ]o pdau ]na lnaoajp aranusdana WI]ccek( .,--Y* Pdeo ldajkiaj]h cnkspd pkcapdan sepd pda atl]joekj kb pda Ejpanjap d]ra klaja` ] jas an] kb ejbkni]pekj ]__aooeêhepu WE>I( .,,2Y* Dksaran( pdeo ^kki d]o âaj ]hok ]__kil]jea` sepd ] opaal cnks kb _kilhatepu kb _kilqpejc ouopaio( lqppejc ajknikqo ài]j` kj pda qjànhuejc ejbkni]pekj pa_djkhkcu ejbn]opnq_pqna pd]p eo jks na]_dejc pda a`ca kb âejc i]j]ca]^ha* Ej deo gaujkpa pk J]pekj]h =_]àiu kb Ajcejaano ]p D]nr]n` Qjeranoepu ej K_pkân .,,-( E>I oajekn naoa]n_d re_a)lnaoeàjp L]qh Dknj( o]e`6 WDknj( .,,-Y* Pk cera okia at]ilhao kb pdeo _kilhatepu ej_na]oa( _kjoeàn pda bkhhksejc psk ]ola_po kb _kilhatepu ej_na]oa6 pda atl]joekj kb pda chk^]h EL pn]{e_ ej `]p] _ajpano ]o ] _kjoa) mqaj_a kb cnksejc EP ejbn]opnq_pqnao ]j` pda oeva cnkspd kb pda okbps]na okqn_a _kà* Bnki .,-- pda chk^]h `]p] _ajpan EL pn]{e_ d]o âaj cnksejc ]p ]jjq]h n]pa kb /-! ja]nhu mq]`nqlhejc bnki -*3 V> pk 2*2 V> û pda aj` kb .,-2 W?eo_k Ouopaio( .,-.Y* Pda _kà oeva kb pda ikop lklqh]n DPPL oanran WJap_n]bp( .,-/Y( =l]_da( d]o âaj cnksejc opa]èhu ]^kqp -,,G hejao)kb)_kà lan ua]n kran h]op 3 ua]no7 ej pda _]oa kb Hejqt Ganjah ep eo ikna pd]j -I WKdhkd( .,-/Y hejao ] ua]n* Pda _kilhatepu ej_na]oa eo jkp kjhu ej pda ejbn]opnq_pqna ]j` pda àrahkliajp( ^qp ]hok ikna ]j` ikna ej pda klan]pekj i]j]caiajp* Pda _kop ]ook_e]pa` sepd gaalejc EP ouopaio ej lnk`q_pekj ]na cnksejc opa]èhu* Pdaoa EP ouopaio d]ra â_kia h]^kn ejpaj) oera ]j` pda ]ìejeopn]pera atlajoao i]à ql ]hikop ajpenahu kb laklha _kopo nalnaoajpo bnki 2,! pk 4,! kb pda pkp]h _kop kb ejbkni]pekj ouopai ksjanodel W?N=( .,,/( Odannu ap ]h*( .,-.Y* Iknakran( _kilhat okbps]na ouopaio ]na è{e_qhp pk _kj|cqna ]j` i]j]ca* -. -.

(21) Ғ* EҨҮҬҩҞүҝҮңҩҨ Bkn at]ilha( pda jqiân kb _kj|cqn]pekj èna_perao ej =l]_da DPPL oanran d]o ]hikop `kq^ha` bnki -34 ej pda ranoekj -*/ pk /0- ej pda .*0 ranoekj* Pda _kop ]ook_e]pa` sepd pnkq^haodkkpejc ieo)_kj|cqna` ouopaio eo oqôp]jpe]h ]__kqjpejc bkn ]^kqp -3! kb pda pkp]h _kop kb ksjanodel W=pp]neu]j ]j` Bhejj( .,-,Y* Ok b]n( pda _kilhatepu d]o âaj i]j]ca` û ogehha` EP lnkbaooekj]ho( ^qp sa _]j ]h) na]ù oaa pd]p pdeo ]llnk]_d `kao jkp o_]ha* Jkp kjhu â_]qoa kb pda ej_na]oejc _kopo kb àrahkliajp ]j` klan]pekjo( ^qp ikop eilknp]jphu( ep eo pda ài]j` bkn pda ogehha` lnk) baooekj]h pd]p eo ]hna]ù kqpopnellejc epo oqllhu WE>I( .,,2Y* Iknakran( pda ]ìejeopn]pekj _d]hhajcao ]na na]_dejc pda lkejp kb at_aaèjc pda _]l]êhepeao kb dqi]j klan]pkno WIÜhhan ap ]h*( .,,5Y* Pdeo eo â_kiejc ] oecje|_]jp heiepejc b]_pkn bkn bqnpdan cnkspd kb ejbkni]) pekj ouopaio ]j` lkejpo pk ]j ejarep]^ha jaa` bkn jas klan]pekj ikào pk â eilhaiajpa`* Oq_d klan]pekj ikào pd]p skqh` i]ga ouopaio oi]npan( naoeheajp pk ùj]ie_ _d]jcao ]j` ]qpki]pa pdaen bqj_pekjo ej ]__kn`]j_a sepd decdan)harah lkhe_eao WBaehan ap ]h*( .,,2Y* Pks]nò Oahb)=`]lpera Okbps]na Ouopaio Ej pda h]op à_]à( ] hkp kb a{knp d]o âaj ejraopa` ejpk ]``naooejc pdeo n]le` _kilhatepu cnkspd û qoejc pa_djkhkcu pk i]j]ca pa_djkhkcu* Pda reoekj eo pk ]hhks ouopaio pk oahb)i]j]ca pdaioahrao ej knàn pk na`q_a pda pkp]h _kop kb ksjanodel kb _kilhat EP ouopaio WC]jag ]j` ?knê( .,,/Y* Pdeo ]llnk]_d okqcdp ]o WGald]np ]j` ?daoo( .,,/Y kn W?dajc ap ]h*( .,,5]Y ]eio ]p na]hevejc _kilqpejc ouopaio ]j` ]llhe_]pekjo pd]p i]j) ]ca pdaioahrao ]qpkjkikqohu( sepd iejei]h kn jk dqi]j ejpan]_pekjo* Oq_d ouopaio pdaj lnkreà okia oahb)i]j]caiajp lnklanpeao( i]ejhu ( ( ]j` * =qpkjkie_- ouopaio ]na pdqo _d]n]_paneva` û pdaen ]êhepu pk àpa_p( àreoa ]j` ]llhu ]`]lp]pekjo sdaj jaaà` ej knàn pk bkhhks okia decdan)harah ck]ho* = _kiikj ]llnk]_d pk ajcejaan pdaoa ouopaio eo pk qoa. $B?H%. pd]p lnkreà cajane_ ia_d]jeoio bkn oahb)]`]lp]pekj W>nqj ap ]h*( .,,5Y* Ej epo ikop cajan]h bkni ] B?H eo _kilkoa` kb pdnaa ld]oao6 ikjepknejc( à_eoekj)i]gejc( ]j` na_kj|cqn]) pekj* Ikjepknejc kôanrao pda op]pa kb pda p]ncap ouopai ]j` epo ajrenkjiajp7 à_eoekj) i]gejc qoao kôanr]pekjo pk àpanieja sd]p ]_pekjo( ]ikjc pda oap kb ]hh lanieooe^ha ]_) pekjo( odkqh` â p]gaj ej knàn pk cap pda ouopai ejpk ] àoena` op]pa7 ]j` na_kj|cqn]pekj lanbknio pda ]_pq]h _d]jcao pk pda ]llhe_]pekj opnq_pqna kn âd]rekn* Sdeha pda lnej_elhao âdej` ] B?H ]na n]pdan oeilha( pda àrahkliajp kb ] oahb)]`]lpera ouopai eo jkp* Pdana ]na i]ju è{anajp _d]hhajcao pd]p d]ra pk â kran_kia ej pdaen ajcejaanejc WO]hadea ]j` P]dreh`]ne( .,,5( >nqj ap ]h*( .,,5( ?dajc ap ]h*( .,,5]Y* =ikjc pdai( sa ]na ejpanaopa` ej pda eooqao nah]pa` pk àoecjejc oahb)]`]lpera ouopaio sde_d _]j â à_kilkoa` ejpk6 -* àoecjejc pda qjànhuejc ]`]lp]^ha okbps]na ouopai $pda. %(. .* àoecjejc pda ]`]lp]pekj ajceja( ]j` /* bkniejc pda ]n_depa_pqna _kjja_pejc pdai pkcapdan* - Pda. .. knecej kb ]qpkjkie_ _kiao bnki pda Cnaag ]qpkjkikqo(. ฀. ( ia]jejc. *.

(22) -*-* ?kjpatp ]j` Ikper]pekj Pda |nop eooqa eo nah]pa` pk pda àoecj bkn ]`]lp]êhepu oej_a bkn ] okbps]na pk â_kia ]`]lp]^ha ep jaaò pk lnkreà $kn ]hhks ep pk â ejopnqiajpa` pk lnkreà% ja_aoo]nu pkq_d) lkejpo( ( ejpanb]_ao atlkoejc nqjjejc ouopai op]pa ]j` i]j]caiajp klan]pekjo* Pdeo namqenao oecje|_]jp gjksha`ca ]^kqp pda nqjjejc ouopai ]j` epo =LE ]j` ep iecdp â ] l]npe_qh]nhu _d]hhajcejc lnk^hai bkn pda hac]_u ouopaio* =ooqiejc( pda p]ncap ouopai lnkreào pda ja_aoo]nu ia]jo pk â kôanra` ]j` ik`) e|a`( pda oa_kj` eooqa pk â okhra` eo nah]pa` pk |jèjc pda ]llnklne]pa _kjpnkh ikàh pk `nera pda ]`]lp]pekj epoahb* Ej epo ikop ^]oe_ reas( à_eoekj i]gejc ianahu _kjoeopo ej k^) oanrejc pda op]pa kb ] ouopai ]j` _dkkoejc ]j ]_pekj( ]ikjc pda oap kb ]ìeooe^ha ]_pekjo bkn pda op]pa* Dksaran( ep eo b]n bnki âejc pnere]h ]o ep namqenao ] oecje|_]jp ]ikqjp kb `ki]ej)ola_e|_ gjksha`ca ]j` ejrkhrao ]j atpajoera atlaneiajp]pekj sepd ] r]neapu kb B?H lnk_a`qnao ]j` pqjejc l]n]iapano WDahhanopaej ap ]h*( .,,0Y* Pda qoa kb _kjpnkh pdaknu eo kbpaj ajreo]ca` ]o ] re]^ha okhqpekj pk àoecj oahb)]`]lpera _kilqpejc ouopaio WI]ccek( .,--Y* Dksaran( pdana ]na opehh qjokhra` eooqao pd]p lnarajpo _kjpnkh)pdaknape_]h àoecj pk â seàhu ]`klpa` $ ] h]_g kb ouopai]pe_ ]llnk]_dao pk paopejc _kjpnkhhan eilhaiaj) p]pekjo% WDahhanopaej( .,-,Y* Iknakran( ej pda _kilqpan o_eaj_a _kjpatp ]hkja pdana ]na jk sahh)]ooaooa` pa_djemqao pk àoecj oq_d _kjpnkh hkklo WI]ccek( .,--Y* Bej]hhu( ]ooqiejc ]j ]`]lp]^ha p]ncap ouopai sepd àoecja` _kjpnkhhano( pda h]op eooqa _kj_anjo pda ejpanklan]êhepu ]j` ouopai)seà ]n_depa_pqna kb pda _kilhapa oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopai* Eilhaiajpejc ]j` ejpacn]pejc pda _kjpnkh ikàh ejpk pda qjànhuejc p]n) cap ouopai eo ]j annkn)lnkja ]j` ] è{e_qhp p]og* Ej jkj)pnere]h _]oao( pda ejpacn]pekj p]og ej_hqào ajoqnejc pd]p ikjepknejc `]p] ]na _kjoeopajphu _khha_pa` ]_nkoo ]hh pda okqn_ao( ]j` pd]p ]`]lp]pekj ]_pekjo ]na _kknèj]pa`* Bqnpdanikna( sdeha pda _kjpnkh ikàh eo qoq) ]hhu lnkpkpula` ej ] `ki]ej)ola_e|_ ikàhejc ajrenkjiajp oq_d ]o I=PH=>. WDahhan) opaej ap ]h*( .,,0Y( kbpaj( ej pda aj`( pda ]`]lp]pekj ajceja d]o pk â ejpacn]pa` ejpk pda |j]h ata_qp]^ha ouopai qoejc okia $CLH% oq_d ]o ?( ?'' kn F]r]* Pule_]hhu( pdeo ejpacn]pekj eo `kja i]jq]hhu û naoa]n_dano kn ajcejaano namqenejc ]j atpajoera d]j`_n]bpejc kb ] jkj)pnere]h eilhaiajp]pekj _kà( l]npe_qh]nhu ej pda _]oa kb naikpahu èopne^qpa` ouopaio* Iknakran( pda ejpacn]pekj _kà d]o pk à]h sepd kpdan okbps]na)àrahkliajp nah]pa` ]ola_po oq_d ]o annkn d]j`hejc ]j` nah]pa` jkj) bqj_pekj]h lnklanpeao* Pdeo eo ^kpd ] _qiânokia ]j` ]j annkn)lnkja ]_perepu* =o ] naoqhp( / pdaoa d]j`_n]bpejc kb eilhaiajp]pekjo cerao neoa pk oecje|_]jp ( ( _kilhatepeao pd]p ]na _]qoa` û pda ]llnk]_d _dkoaj pk okhra pda lnk^hai W>nkkgo Fn*( -543Y ]j` sde_d ]na ]hna]ù _kjoeàn]^ha sepd pda _kilhatepu kb _kjpailkn]nu okbps]na ouopaio* Pks]nò Ikàh)@neraj Okbps]na @arahkliajp Kja kb pda i]fkn lnk^hai ]ook_e]pa` sepd pda àrahkliajp kb oahb)]`]lpera ouopaio eo pda seà _kj_alpq]h c]l âpsaaj pda lnk^haio âejc ]``naooa` ]j` pdaen ]_pq]h okbps]na eilhaiajp]pekjo* = lnkieoejc ]l) . / Okiapeiao( ] pani. eo qoa` ejopa]` ej knàn pk opnaoo pda b]_p pd]p pda _kilhatepu eo n]pdan pd]j ( ?khhejo Ajcheod @e_pekj]nu( D]nlan?khhejo Lq^heodano( .,,/*. /.

(23) Ғ* EҨҮҬҩҞүҝҮңҩҨ lnk]_d pk ^ne`ca pdeo c]l heao ej. $I@A% pa_djemqao* Pda reoekj. âdej` I@A eo ej qoejc ikàho ]o pda lnei]nu àrahkliajp ]npeb]_po pk ào_neâ _kilhat ouopaio ]p iqhpelha haraho kb ]ôpn]_pekj ]j` lanola_perao a{a_perahu atlnaooejc pda `k) i]ej _kj_alpo WBn]j_a ]j` Nqila( .,,3Y* Ej l]npe_qh]n( $@OI% _]j oecje|_]jphu n]eoa pda harah kb ]ôpn]_pekj ]hhksejc kja pk ola_ebu okhqpekjo èna_phu qoejc lnk^hai)harah ]ôpn]_pekjo WGahhu ]j` Pkhr]jaj( .,,4Y* I@A naheao kj ouopai]pe_ ikàhejc ]j` ikàh pn]jobkni]pekjo pd]p ]j]huva _anp]ej ]ola_po kb ikàho ]j` pdaj oujpdaoeva r]nekqo pulao kb ]npeb]_po( oq_d ]o okqn_a _kà WO_die`p( .,,2Y* >u ]qpki]pejc oujpdaoeo kb nqjjejc ouopaio pda ]__eàjp]h _kilhatepeao _]j â na`q_a` _kjoamqajphu ]hhksejc àrahklano( ej _]oa kb oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopaio( pk bk_qo n]pdan kj àrah) klejc ]j` atlaneiajpejc sepd ]hpanj]pera B?H àoecjo* =j aooajpe]h l]np kb I@A ]na ikàh i]jelqh]pekj h]jcq]cao ]j` pkkho* Pdau lnk) reà oqllknp bkn ]qpki]pejc pda I@A klan]pekjo oq_d ]o ikàh _kjoeopaj_u _da_gejc ]j` pn]jobkni]pekj* Sdeha( ]j` opehh ep eo kbpaj pda _]oa( pda CLHo _]j â qoa` bkn eilha) iajpejc pda ikàh i]jelqh]pekj p]ogo( pda naoqhpejc _kà eo haoo na]`]^ha ]j` ran^koa( sepd pda atlnaooa` _kj_anj âejc hkop ]ikjc kpdan _kii]jò ]c]ej cerao neoa pk * Ejàa`( pda ej]êhepu kb okia CLHo pk ]hhare]pa pdeo _kilhatepu û atlnaooejc `ki]ej _kj_alpo a{a_perahu WO_die`p( .,,2Y eo kja kb pda na]okjo sdu ] cnksejc jqiân kb è{anajp ikàh i]jelqh]pekj $@OH% d]ra âaj lnklkoa` ej pda l]op ua]no* Pdaoa @OHo ]hhks àrahklano pk i]jelqh]pa ikàho qoejc decdan)harah ]^) opn]_pekjo naoqhpejc ej c]ejo ej atlnaooerajaoo ]j` a]oa kb qoa sdaj _kil]na` sepd pda qoa kb CLHo WIanjeg ap ]h*( .,,1Y* Kj pda kpdan d]j`( arkhrejc @OHo pk ] oq{e_eajp àcnaa kb i]pqnepu ]j` lnkreèjc pdai sepd ikànj pkkho ej_hqèjc E@Ao( à^qccano( lnk|hano namqena oecje|_]jp a{knp W?d]| ap ]h*( .,-,Y* Bqnpdanikna( ] ikàh i]jelqh]pekj @OH qoq) ]hhu `k jkp ateop ej eokh]pekj* =j I@A pule_]hhu ejrkhrao ] _d]ej kb ikàh i]j]caiajp p]ogo ]j` pda lnaoaj_a kb iqhpelha ikàh i]jelqh]pekj h]jcq]cao pdanabkna n]eoao pda eo) oqao kb ejpacn]pekj( ejpanklan]êhepu( _kjoeopaj_u ]j` naqoa WGkhkrko ap ]h*( .,,4^Y* Pdaoa eooqao pkcapdan sepd odknp_kiejco pd]p _kj_anjo lnkreà` pkkh oqllknp $ lanbkni]j_a ]j` op]êhepu% _kjpne^qpa pk pda ]ook_e]pa` sepd pda qoa kb CLHo*. ( ]hâep kb ] è{anajp j]pqna pk pdkoa. -*. K^fa_perao Sepd naola_p pk pda èo_qooa` oepq]pekj( pda _kjpatp kb pda naoa]n_d pdaoeo eo ]o bkhhkso6 @aolepa pda ]`r]j_ao ej oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopaio ajcejaanejc( pdana eo opehh ] jaa` bkn ]j ejpacn]pa` ]llnk]_d pd]p skqh` na`q_a pda ]__eàjp]h _kilhatepeao ]ook_e]pa` sepd bkniejc pda ]n_depa_pqna _kjja_pejc ]j ]`]lp]pekj ajceja ejpk ]j ]`]lp]^ha p]ncap ouopai* Pdanabkna( pda i]ej k^fa_pera kb pdeo pdaoeo eo * Pk ]``naoo pda ]__eàjp]h _kilhatepeao kqpheja` ]^kra ej pdeo pdaoeo sa à|ja psk i]ej ck]ho6 -* 0.

(24) -*/* ?kjpne^qpekjo. .*. Sa pdaj à_kilkoa pda |nop ck]h ejpk pda bkhhksejc k^fa_perao6 -*-* ?na]pa ] }ate^ha ikàh bkn baa`^]_g _kjpnkh ]n_depa_pqnao pd]p ]hhkso |ja cn]ej à) _kilkoepekj kb hkkl ahaiajpo ]j` n]eoao pda harah kb ]ôpn]_pekj ]p sde_d pdaoa aha) iajpo ]na ào_neâ`* -*.* Lnkreà ] oap kb ikàh)pn]jobkni]pekj pkkho pk b]_ehep]pa pda qoa kb pda ikàh ]j` pk ]qpki]pa pda àrahkliajp lnk_aoo sdana lkooe^ha* Oeieh]nhu( pda oa_kj` ck]h eo olhep ejpk pdaoa k^fa_perao6 .*-* Lnkreà ] _kiikj ejpacn]pekj h]uan âpsaaj ]j ateopejc iap])ikàhejc bn]iaskng ]j` ] dkop cajan]h)lqnlkoa lnkcn]iiejc h]jcq]ca bkn pda aooajpe]h ikàhejc klan) ]pekj oq_d ]o j]rec]pekj( ikè|_]pekj ]j` àhac]pekj* .*.* Qoejc pdeo h]uan( _na]pa p]og)ola_e|_ ikàh i]jelqh]pekj h]jcq]cao bkn ikàh _kj) oeopaj_u _da_gejc( ikàh)pk)ikàh ]j` ikàh)pk)patp pn]jobkni]pekj*. -*/ ?kjpne^qpekjo Pda psk ck]ho oap bkn pdeo pdaoeo _kjoamqajphu ha]ò pk psk i]ej _kjpne^qpekjo* Benop( ep eo pda ikàh)`neraj okbps]na àrahkliajp ]llnk]_d lnkreèjc ] ouopai]pe_ s]u pk ejpacn]pa oahb)]`]lp]pekj _]l]êhepeao ejpk okbps]na ouopaio ^]oa` kj atpanj]h baa`) ^]_g _kjpnkh hkklo* ?kj_napahu( sa lnklkoa ] `ki]ej)ola_e|_ ikàhejc h]jcq]ca k{anejc }ate^ha decd harah ]ôpn]_pekj bkn ào_neêjc B?H ]n_depa_pqnao ]o ] dean]n_de_]hhu _ki) lkoa` japskngo* Pda ahaiajpo ej pdaoa japskngo nalnaoajp ^kpd pda ejère`q]h lnk_aooao kb pda B?Ho ]o sahh ]o pda p]ncap ouopaio re] pdaen ejpnkola_pekj ]j` i]j]caiajp ejpan) b]_ao* Pda h]jcq]ca oqllknpo èopne^qpekj ]j` na}a_pekj pdanaû aj]^hejc _kknèj]pekj kb iqhpelha naikpahu èopne^qpa` _kjpnkh hkklo qoejc r]nekqo _kjpnkh o_daiao* Pda qoa kb pda h]jcq]ca eo b]_ehep]pa` û ] ikàhejc ajrenkjiajp pd]p ]hhkso bkn ] ik`qh]n ola_e|_]pekj ]j` _kj|cqn]pekj kb ^kpd opnq_pqn]h ]j` âd]rekn]h l]npo kb pda ouopai ]eiejc ]p _ki) lhat( naqo]^ha ]j` _kknèj]pa` _kjpnkh hkklo* Pda ajrenkjiajp bqnpdan oqllknpo rane|_]) pekj kb ]n_depa_pqna _kjoeopaj_u ej_hqèjc qoan)à|ja` ejr]ne]jpo ]o sahh ]o _kjja_perepu ]j` `]p] na]_d]êhepu lnklanpeao pdnkqcd atpanj]h rane|_]pekj* Pda naoqhpejc ]n_depa_pqna ikàho ]na qoa` ]o ejlqpo ejpk ] okqn_a _kà cajan]pkn pd]p oujpdaoevao _kilhapa ata) _qp]^ha okbps]na ]npeb]_po ok pda ào_neâ` _kjpnkh hkkl _]j â ejop]jpe]pa` ]j` nqj* Pda oa_kj` _kjpne^qpekj kb pdeo pdaoeo eo nah]pa` pk pda ikàh i]jelqh]pekj pa_djemqao* Sa lnklkoa ] b]iehu kb ejpanj]h `ki]ej)ola_e|_ h]jcq]cao ej O_]h] WKànogu ap ]h*( .,,0Y 1.

(25) Ғ* EҨҮҬҩҞүҝҮңҩҨ lnkcn]iiejc h]jcq]ca bkn AIB $. % WOpaejânc ap ]h*( .,,4Y ikàh. i]jelqh]pekjo* >qehp kj ] _kiikj ikàh j]rec]pekj ]j` ikè|_]pekj oqllknp( sa lnk) reà ] oap kb p]og)ola_e|_ h]jcq]cao bkn ikàh _kjoeopaj_u _da_gejc ]j` ikàh)pk)ikàh ]j` ikàh)pk)patp pn]jobkni]pekjo* Pda oa]ihaoo ejpacn]pekj kb pda dkop h]jcq]ca sepd pda ikàhejc bn]iaskng ]hhkso na]hevejc @OHo pd]p ]na _kjoeopajp ]j` d]ra oeieh]n at) lnaooerajaoo ]j` ba]pqnao pd]p ]na bkqj` ej ateopejc ikàh i]jelqh]pekj h]jcq]cao sdeha haran]cejc bnki O_]h] rano]pehepu( lanbkni]j_a ]j` pkkh oqllknp*. -*0 Kqpheja Pda `k_qiajp eo _kilkoa` kb jeja _d]lpano( knc]jeva` ejpk pdnaa l]npo* Pda |nop l]np _kj_anjo oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopaio ]j` nalknpo kj pda lnklkoa` okhqpekj bkn ejpa) cn]pejc oahb)]`]lpera ia_d]jeoio ejpk okbps]na ouopaio* Pda oa_kj` l]np ]``naooao pda _d]hhajcao nac]nèjc ikàh i]jelqh]pekj h]jcq]cao * Bej]hhu( pda pden` l]np lnkreào ]j ar]hq]pekj kb pda psk lna_aèjc l]npo oqii]nevejc pdaen _kjpne^qpekjo ]j` kqphejejc bqnpdan skng ]j` èna_pekjo bkn bqnpdan naoa]n_d* ?d]lpan . lnaoajpo pda op]pa kb pda ]np kb oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopaio* Ep ejpnk`q_ao pdaen ^]_gcnkqj`( nareaso pda lnej_elhao âdej` baa`^]_g _kjpnkh hkklo ]j` epo ]l) lhe_]pekj pk okbps]na* Pdaj ep cerao ]j kranreas kb nah]pa` skng ]j` lnkreào ikpe) r]pekj kb kqn k^fa_perao* L]npo kb pdeo _d]lpan sana lq^heoda` ej W?khhap ap ]h*( .,-,Y* ?d]lpan / eo pda |nop _d]lpan kb kqn _kjpne^qpekj* Ep cerao pda n]pekj]ha âdej` pda oaha_pa` ]llnk]_d ]j` ejpnk`q_ao ] nqjjejc ]`]lp]pekj o_aj]nek pd]p eo qoa` pdnkqcdkqp pda pdaoeo pk âppan ehhqopn]pa pda ]llnk]_d* Pda i]ej l]np kb pdeo _d]lpan àp]eho pda ]ôpn]_p oujp]t kb kqn `ki]ej)ola_e|_ ikàhejc h]jcq]ca ]j` lnaoajpo epo cn]lde_]h jkp]pekj* Pdeo _d]lpan eo ^]oa` kj pda skng lq^heoda` ej WGneg]r] ]j` ?khhap( .,--( Gneg]r] ap ]h*( .,--( .,-.Y* ?d]lpan 0 _kilhaiajpo pda ]ôpn]_p oujp]t kb pda `ki]ej)ola_e|_ h]jcq]ca sepd ] ikàh kb _kilqp]pekj ]j` ] jkpekj kb ejpan]_pekj _kjpn]_po pd]p pkcapdan à|ja klan]pekj]h nqhao ckranjejc ejpan]_pekjo ]ikjc pda baa`^]_g lnk_aooao* Pdeo _d]lpan s]o l]n) pe]hhu lq^heoda` ej WGneg]r] ]j` ?khhap( .,--( Gneg]r] ap ]h*( .,--( .,-.Y* ?d]lpan 1 lnaoajpo pda eilhaiajp]pekj kb pda h]jcq]ca ]j` pda ]ook_e]pa` pkkh oqllknp bkn ikàhejc( _kà cajan]pekj ]j` rane|_]pekj ej_hqèjc pdaen ejpacn]pekj ejpk ] à) rahkliajp ajrenkjiajp* Pdeo _d]lpan s]o l]npe]hhu ej_hqà` ejWGneg]r] ap ]h*( .,-.( Gneg]r] ]j` ?khhap( .,-.^Y* ?d]lpan 2 op]npo pda oa_kj` l]np kb pdeo pdaoeo pd]p bk_qoao kj ikàh i]jelqh]pekj* Ep lnaoajpo pda op]pa)kb)pda)]np ikàh i]jelqh]pekj h]jcq]cao ]j` pkkho( èo_qooao pdaen heiep]pekjo ]j` ikper]pao kqn ejpanj]h @OH ]llnk]_d pk ikàh i]jelqh]pekj* Pdeo _d]lpan od]nao _kjpajp sepd WGneg]r] ]j` ?khhap( .,-.]Y* 2.

(26) -*0* Kqpheja ?d]lpan 3 lnaoajpo kqn ]llnk]_d pk ikàh i]jelqh]pekj eilhaiajpa` ]o ] b]iehu kb ej) panj]h @OHo bkn ikàh _kjoeopaj_u _da_gejc ]j` ikàh pn]jobkni]pekjo* A]_d h]j) cq]ca eo àikjopn]pa` pdnkqcd ] oaneao kb at]ilhao* Pdeo _d]lpan s]o l]npe]hhu lq^heoda` ej WGneg]r] ]j` ?khhap( .,-.]Y* ?d]lpan 4 lnkreào ]j ar]hq]pekj kb pda psk ]llnk]_dao* Psk ]`èpekj]h aj`)pk)aj` _]oa opqèao ]na eilhaiajpa` pk bqnpdan àikjopn]pa pda _]l]êhepu kb pda `ki]ej) ola_e|_ ikàhejc h]jcq]ca ]j` pda ikàhejc ajrenkjiajp* Pdeo eo bkhhksa` û ] èo_qooekj ]^kqp ]llhe_]pekjo( _]l]êhepeao ]j` ]j kranreas kb pda okbps]na mq]h) epu ]ppne^qpao kb ^kpd _kjpne^qpekjo* Okia kb pda naoqhpo kb pdeo _d]lpan sana l]np kb WGneg]r] ]j` ?khhap( .,--( .,-.]Y* ?d]lpan 5 oqii]nevao pda èooanp]pekj ]j` na_]hho epo _kjpne^qpekjo* Ep kqphejao bqpqna skng ]j` _kj_hqào sepd ] èo_qooekjo kj hkjcan)pani lanola_perao ]j` bqnpdan na) oa]n_d èna_pekjo* Pdnkqcdkqp pdeo pdaoeo sa qoa pda O_]h] lnkcn]iiejc h]jcq]ca WKànogu ap ]h*( .,,0Y pk ehhqopn]pa pda ào_neâ` _kj_alpo*. 3.

(27)

(28) L]np E. Kj Ajcejaanejc Oahb)=`]lpera Okbps]na Ouopaio. 5.

(29)

(30) ?D=LPAN. Oahb)=`]lpera Okbps]na Ouopaio Oahb)]`]lp]pekj eo ] cajan]h ia_d]jeoi kb ] âd]rekn]h ]`fqopiajp ej ] naolkjoa pk ]j ajrenkjiajp]h _d]jca ]j` ep eo ]llhe_]^ha ]_nkoo ] seà n]jca kb ouopaio* Ej pdeo pdaoeo sa bk_qo okhahu kj epo ]llhe_]pekj ej pda okbps]na `ki]ej- nabanna` pk ]o W?dajc ap ]h*( .,,5]Y* Ej pdeo _d]lpan sa ào_neâ pda _kjpatp ]j` cera ]j kranreas kb pda op]pa kb pda ]np kb pda oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopai ajcejaanejc nah]pa` pk pda ]llnk]_d bkhhksa` û pdeo pdaoeo* Pd]p eo( ejpacn]pekj kb oahb)]`]lpera ia_d]jeoio ejpk okbps]na ouopaio pdnkqcd atpanj]h baa`^]_g _kjpnkh hkklo* Sa op]np û ] cajan]h ejpnk`q_pekj pk pda lnej_elhao kb oahb)]`]lp]pekj ej okbps]na ouopaio( lnaoajp baa`^]_g _kjpnkh hkkl ]j` epo ]llhe_]pekj pk okbps]na bkhhksa` û pda _kj_alpo kb ]qpkjkie_ _kilqpejc* Jatp( sa kqpheja okia kb pda ateopejc ]llnk]_dao bkn ajcejaanejc pdaoa ouopaio* =p pda aj` sa èo_qoo pda eooqa nah]pa` pk pda ejpacn]pekj kb oahb)]`]lpera ia_d]jeoio ejpk okbps]na ouopaio*. .*- Lnej_elhao Pn]èpekj]hhu( okbps]na ouopaio d]ra âaj àoecja` ]o klaj)hkkl ouopaio lnei]nehu bk_qo) ejc kj pda _knna_pjaoo kb pdaen bqj_pekjo* Ejàa`( kran pda ua]no( pda okbps]na ajcejaanejc èo_elheja d]o âaj _kj_anja` sepd pkkho ]j` iapdkò b]_ehep]pejc pda àrahkliajp kb bqj_pekj]hhu _knna_p okbps]na W=^àhv]dan ap ]h*( .,,/Y( aild]oevejc pda op]pe_ opnq_pqna kb pda ouopai ]j`( pk okia atpajp( jacha_pejc pdaen ùj]ie_o ]ola_po W>nqj ap ]h*( .,,5Y* Kj_a ] ouopai eo àoecja` ]j` àlhkua` pk àheran _anp]ej bqj_pekj]hepu pk epo qoano( pda bqj_pekj]h lnklanpeao nai]ej ikophu qj_d]jca`* Pdanabkna( ] _knna_p okbps]na ouopai kl) an]pekj qoq]hhu namqenao dqi]j oqlanreoekj* Ej _]oao kb epo i]hbqj_pekj( ( sdaj pda ouopai ckao âukj` epo ]__alp]^ha klan]pejc ^kqjò( pda naolkjoeêhepu kb pnkq^haodkkp) ejc ]j` |tejc lnk^haio naheao kj ] dqi]j ]ìejeopn]pkn* >aoeào pd]p dqi]j ]ìejeo) pn]pkno ]na lnkja pk hkjc na]_pekj peia h]ncahu àlajèjc kj pdaen atlanpeoa( pda _kqnoa kb - Oahb)]`]lp]pekj iecdp â lnaoajp ]p è{anajp h]uano ]hkjc ouopai `ki]ej èiajoekjo bkn at]ilha ep _]j â ]hok aiâ`à` ej pda d]n`s]na h]uan $ ( oahb)è]cjkoejc kn oahb)pqjejc àre_ao%. --. ..

(31) ғ* OҟҦҠ)=ҞқҪҮңҰҟ OҩҠҮұқҬҟ OҳҭҮҟҧҭ ]_pekjo kbpaj eilheao naop]npejc ] l]np kn pda ajpena ouopai ha]èjc pk ]j qjs]jpa` ouopai `ksjpeia WC]nh]j ap ]h*( .,,0Y* >a_]qoa kb pda _kilhatepu kb pda _kjpailkn]nu okbps]na ouopaio( aola_e]hhu pda ouo) paio à]hejc sepd èopne^qpa` ]llhe_]pekjo ]j` ajrenkjiajp qj_anp]ejpu( ]j` _kopo ]o) ok_e]pa` sepd klan]pekjo ]j` ouopai kqp]cao( pdana eo ] decd)ài]j` bkn i]j]caiajp ]qpki]pekj* Pdeo ài]j` d]o ha` o_eajpeopo ]j` ajcejaano pk hkkg bkn ]hpanj]pera s]uo pk àoecj ]j` i]j]ca okbps]na( oaagejc ]j ejolen]pekj ej èranoa nah]pa` |ahò oq_d ]o _kj) pnkh pdaknu( êkhkcu( nk^kpe_o ]j` ]npe|_e]h ejpahhecaj_a W?dajc ap ]h*( .,,5]Y* Kja kb pda ikop lnkieoejc naoa]n_d èna_pekjo ej pdeo ajà]rkn eo ej sdana ouopaio ]na ajne_da` sepd pda _]l]_epu pk ]qpkjkikqohu ]`fqop pdaen âd]rekn ej naolkjoa pk k^) oanra` _d]jcao ej pdaen _kjpatpo* Pn]èpekj]hhu( oahb)]`]lpera ouopaio d]ra âaj qoa` ej ] jqiân kb è{anajp ]na]o* Sdeha ep eo jkp jas ej pda okbps]na `ki]ej( ep d]o âaj kjhu na_ajphu pd]p oqllknpejc okia bkni kb oahb)]`]lp]pekj d]o â_kia ] _nepe_]h namqenaiajp kb okbps]na ouopaio* Oeieh]nhu pk pda ]`rajp kb pda Ejpanjap( kja kb pda jkp]^ha a]nhu oahb)i]j]cejc lnkfa_po d]` âaj bkn iehep]nu ]llhe_]pekjo ejepe]pa` û pda @=NL=. ]caj_u* Ej -553 pdau op]npa` ] lnkfa_p _]hha` Oepq]pekj]h =s]najaoo Ouopai/ bkhhksa` û pda @=O=@=0 lnkfa_p ej .,,,* Pda k^fa_perao sana pk naoa]n_d ]j` àrahkl pa_djkhkceao pd]p skqh` aj]^ha ieooekj) _nepe_]h ouopaio pk iaap decd)]ooqn]j_a( àlaj`]êhepu( ]j` ]`]lp]êhepu namqenaiajpo( aooajpe]hhu à]hejc sepd pda _kilhatepu kb h]nca èopne^qpa` okbps]na ouopaio WDqaô_dan ]j` I_?]jj( .,,4Y* Pda @=O=@= lnkfa_p ha]` pk lekjaan ]j ]n_depa_pqna)`neraj ]l) lnk]_d pk oahb)i]j]caiajp qoejc ] jkpekj kb ikjepkno ]j` ]`]lp]pekj ajcejao bkn kl) peievejc ouopai klan]pekj ^]oa` kj kôanra` `]p]* Pda k^fa_perao ]j` ]llnk]_d sana _hkoa pk sd]p d]` âaj h]pan lnklkoa` û pda E>I#o ]qpkjkie_ _kilqpejc ejepe]pera $ Oa_pekj .*-*/%*. .*-*-. Baa`^]_g ?kjpnkh Hkkl. Pda i]ej lnej_elha âdej` ]ju oahb)]`]lp]pekj eo ej nacqh]pejc ouopai _d]n]_paneope_o ej naolkjoa pk ] ouopai kn ajrenkjiajp]h op]pa _d]jca* =o pda lna|t oqccaopo( ^kpd pda nacqh]pekj ]j` pda op]pa kôanr]pekj eo `kja ]qpkjkikqohu û pda ouopai epoahb sepd iejei]h kn jk dqi]j ejpanrajpekjo* Sdeha pdana ]na è{anajp bknio kb oahb)]`]lp]pekj ia_d]jeoio( ej cajan]h( pdau ejrkhra okia oknp kb W>nqj ap ]h*( .,,5Y* Baa`^]_g eo cajan]hhu à|ja` ]o WN]i]ln]o]`( -54/Y* Ep ia]jo pd]p ]j ejbkni]pekj eo ] baa`^]_g kjhu eb ep eo pn]joh]pa` ^]_g ejpk ]j ]_pekj lanbknia` kjpk ] ouopai bnki sde_d ep d]o knecej]pa`* Pda i]ej eà] kb eo pk kôanra ouopai#o kqplqp lnklanpeao( oq_d ]o pdnkqcdlqp kn qpehev]pekj ]j` pdaj pk qoa pdai pk ]hpan pda ouopai l]n]iapano( oq_d ]o mqaqa oeva kn o_da`qhejc lkhe_eao ej knàn pk iaap ola_e|a` ck]ho* >a_]qoa pda kqplqp lnklanpeao ]na qoa` pk ]`fqop pda ej) . @abajoa / 0. -.. =`r]j_a` Naoa]n_d Lnkfa_po =caj_u6.

(32) .*-* Lnej_elhao lqp $_kjpnkh% l]n]iapano( ]j` pdaoa ejlqpo pdaj ej okia s]u odkqh` ]{a_p pda kqplqpo( pda ]n_depa_pqna eo _]hha` kn WDahhanopaej ap ]h*( .,,0Y* =j ]hpanj]pera pk _hkoa`)hkkl baa`^]_g _kjpnkh eo okiapeiao nabanna` ]o * Ep eo ] pa_djemqa pd]p `kao jkp kôanra pda p]ncap ouopai ]j` qoao kjhu pda nabanaj_a ejlqp bkn pda _kjpnkh WDahhanopaej ap ]h*( .,,0Y* Ej pdeo patp sa ]na _kj_anja` sepd ajcejaanejc _hkoa` hkkl ouopaio* Pda klaj hkkl ouopaio _]j ]hs]uo â _na]pa` û naikrejc baa`^]_g* Disturbance Input Set Input. Control Error +. -. Noise Input. Control Input Controller. Measured Output Target System. Transducer Transduced Output. Becqna .*-6 ?kjrajpekj]h ^hk_g è]cn]i kb ] baa`^]_g _kjpnkh ouopai* Pda eo ] nabanaj_a r]hqa àoena` pk â ouopai#o * Pda _kjpnkhhan ]`fqopo pda pk ]hecj pda ouopai#o kqplqp ]j` pda nabanaj_a r]hqa* Pda klpekj]hhu |hpano $]ran]ca( ]ccnac]pa% pda kqplqp r]hqao*. kb ] oejcha)ejlqp( oejcha)kqplqp baa`^]_g _kj) Becqna .*- odkso ] _h]ooe_]h pnkh ouopai* >hk_g è]cn]io ]na qoa` ej _kjpnkh pdaknu pk ikàh baa`^]_g kn baa`bkns]n` ouopaio qoejc _kilkjajpo ]j` oecj]ho pd]p }ks âpsaaj pdai* = ^hk_g ej pda è]cn]i nalnaoajpo ] ouopai _kilkjajp $pd]p _]j â pda ouopai epoahb% kbpaj h]âha` sepd pda pn]jo) ban bqj_pekj1 ep nalnaoajpo* Pda ^hk_g è]cn]i lnkreào ] qoabqh ]j` oeilha iapdk` bkn cn]lde_]h ]j]huoeo ]j` na]okjejc ]^kqp pda _kjpnkh ouopaio* Pk ehhqopn]pa pda i]ej lnej_elhao kb ] baa`^]_g hkkl sa p]ga ] _]jkje_]h at]ilha kb pai) lan]pqna _kjpnkh pd]p eo ba]pqna` ej i]ju _kjpnkh ajcejaanejc patp^kkgo W@kuha ap ]h*( -55.( Dahhanopaej ap ]h*( .,,0( =opnÖi ]j` Iqnn]u( .,,5Y* ?kjoeàn ]j knèj]nu da]pejc)_kjpnkh pdanikop]p* Pdeo àre_a ia]oqnao pda pailan]pqna $ % kb ] dkqoa $ % ]j` _kil]nao ep sepd pda àoena` oap)lkejp $ %* Pda baa`^]_g annkn âpsaaj pda psk r]hqao $ % eo qoa` pk klan]pa pda dkqoa da]pejc $ %( ( pk pqnj ep kj od]hh pda ia]oqna` pailan]pqna â pkk hks kn pqnj ep k{ od]hh pda pailan]pqna â pkk decd* Dksaran( â_]qoa kb pda h]co ]j` àh]uo ej pda da]pan ]j` pda pailan]pqna oajokn( pda _kjpnkh ikàh ej pda pdanikop]p odkqh` `k ] êp kb ]j ]jpe_el]pekj( pqnjejc pda da]pan kj kn k{ âbkna pda baa`^]_g annkn ]_pq]hhu _d]jcao oecj* Kpdanseoa( pda pailan) ]pqna skqh` ko_ehh]pa ]j` pdana skqh` â ] hkp kb lksan)_u_hejc ej pda da]pan( sde_d kj ] hkjcan nqj iecdp _]qoa ] oarana `]i]ca pk pda da]pejc ouopai* Baa`^]_g ouopaio d]ra okia ranu ckk` lnklanpeao* =o lkejpa` û G]nh =opnÖi pda W=opnÖi( .,,2Y eo pd]p ep _]j _na]pa ] ouopai pd]p lanbknio sahh bnki 1 = pn]joban bqj_pekj ào_neâo dks ]j ejlqp eo pn]jobknia` ejpk pda kqplqp* Bkn at]ilha( ] pn]joban bqj_pekj kb ] _kjpnkhhan à|jao dks ] _kjpnkh annkn eo qoa` pk _kilqpa pda _kjpnkh ejlqp*. -/.

(33) ғ* OҟҦҠ)=ҞқҪҮңҰҟ OҩҠҮұқҬҟ OҳҭҮҟҧҭ _kilkjajpo pd]p lanbknio lkknhu( i]ga ] ouopai ejoajoepera pk èopqn^]j_ao ]j` _ki) lkjajp r]ne]pekjo( op]êheva ]j qjop]^ha ouopai ]j` _na]pa àoena` âd]rekn $ ( heja]n âd]rekn bnki jkjheja]n _kilkjajpo%* Kj pda kpdan d]j`( ]o ep d]o âaj odksj ej pda ]^kra at]ilha( pda i]fkn `n]s^]_g kb ] baa`^]_g _kjpnkh eo pd]p ep _]j _]qoa ejop]êhepeao*. .*-*.. =llhe_]pekjo pk Okbps]na Ouopaio. Ej okbps]na ouopaio( pda baa`^]_g _kjpnkh eo ailhkua` pk opaan pda à_eoekjo pd]p skqh` â pule_]hhu `kja ]p àoecj)peia( ^qp ejopa]`( ]na ikra` pks]nò nqjpeia W>nqj ap ]h*( .,,5Y* Pdaoa à_eoekjo ]na pdanabkna na]ooecja` bnki okbps]na ajcejaano ]j` ouopai ]`) iejeopn]pkno pk pda ouopai epoahb W=jànookj ap ]h*( .,-.Y* Ej kpdan sknò( ] gau lkejp kb oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na eo pd]p epo heba)_u_ha _kjpejqao ]bpan ouopai àlhkuiajp ]j` pd]p pda ouopai gaalo ar]hq]pejc epo klan]pekj]h _d]n]_paneope_o ]j` naolkjò pk _d]jcao ep k^) oanrao ]p nqjpeia WO]hadea ]j` P]dreh`]ne( .,,5Y* process. measures. Decision Making. decisions. data flow. Monitoring. Reconfiguration. interface. events. sensors. effectors. actions. Target System. Becqna .*.6 ?kj_alpq]h baa`^]_g _kjpnkh hkkl ej okbps]na ouopaio. Sdeha ep eo _kj_alpq]hhu pda o]ia( ej pda _]oa kb okbps]na ouopaio pda baa`^]_g hkkl eo qoq]hhu lnaoajpa` ]o ] pdnaa kn bkqn opalo lnk_aoo ejrkhrejc ikjepknejc( à_eoekj)i]gejc ]j` na_kj|cqn]pekj ]_perepeao ]o àle_pa` ej Becqna .*.* Pda pdnaa i]ej lnk_aooao ]na6 ). Ep eo naolkjoe^ha bkn qoejc oajokno pk _khha_p ]hh nahar]jp ia]oqnaiajpo ]^kqp pda p]ncap ouopai op]pa* Pdeo i]u ej_hqà ]ju ja_aoo]nu `]p] lnalnk_aooejc oq_d ]o |hpanejc ]j` op]êhev]pekj ia_d]jeoio( _kjranoekjo kn nqha ejbanaj_a*. ). Ep aooajpe]hhu ]__kqjpo bkn _dkkoejc ]j ]llnklne]pa ]_pekj ]ikjc pda oap kb ]hh lanieooe^ha ]_pekjo* Pda ]_pekjo ]na _dkoaj ^]oa` kj pda kôanra` op]pa kb pda p]ncap ouopai bkhhksejc pda ouopai k^fa_perao* Ep eo qoq]hhu `neraj û okia _kjpnkh ikàh nalnaoajpejc pda opnq_pqna ]j`+kn pda âd]rekn kb pda p]ncap ouopai*. ). Ep _]nneao kqp pda _dkoaj ]_pekj qoejc pda p]ncap ouopai#o a{a_pkno* Pdeo i]u â aepdan ] lneiepera ]_pekj kn ] _kilhapa skng}ks kb ]_pekjo kn_daopn]pejc pda lnkreà` a{a_pkno ej knàn pk cap pda ouopai ejpk pda àoena` op]pa namqaopa` û pda à_eoekj)i]gejc lnk_aoo*. -0.

(34) .*-* Lnej_elhao Becqna .*. odkso ] oejcha baa`^]_g _kjpnkh hkkl* Sdeha ep eo k^rekqohu a]oean pk àoecj ]j` na]okj ]^kqp ] oejcha _kjpnkh hkkl( ej ln]_pe_a( qoq]hhu iqhpelha oal]n]pa hkklo ]na ejrkhra` WRnki]jp ap ]h*( .,--Y* Ej cajan]h( bkhhksejc pda ckk` ajcejaanejc ln]_pe_a( pda ]ei eo pk iejeieva pda jqiân kb _kjpnkh hkklo kn pk à_kqlha pdai ej naola_p pk peia kn ol]_a WIÜhhan ap ]h*( .,,5Y* Bkn at]ilha( kja lkooeêhepu eo pk _kilkoa hkklo ej ] dean]n_de) _]h knc]jev]pekj eilhaiajpejc pda èreà)]j`)_kjmqan hega _kj_alp* Ej pdeo o_daia( pda hkklo ]p pda decdan haraho ej}qaj_a pda hkklo ]p hkran haraho( ^qp qoq]hhu klan]pa ]p è{an) ajp peia o_]hao ]rkeèjc qjatla_pa` ejpanbanaj_a* Pdeo o_daia eo qoa` ej pda ]qpkjkie_ _kilqpejc nabanaj_a ]n_depa_pqna $ Oa_pekj .*-*/ kj l]ca -3%* Jatp pk pdeo dean]n_de_]h knc]jev]pekj( pdana ateopo ] r]neapu kb è{anajp _kjpnkh o_daiao WL]pegenegkn]h] ap ]h*( .,-.Y sepd è{anajp haraho kb _kjpnkhhan à_kqlhejc* Sd]p eo eilknp]jp( dksaran( eo pd]p pda à) oecj odkqh` ]hs]uo i]ga pda hkkl ejpan]_pekj atlhe_ep ]j` à|ja dks pdaoa ejpan]_pekjo ]na d]j`ha`* =ju oahb)]`]lpera ouopai ]n_depa_pqna odkqh` pdanabkna i]ga pda _kjpnkh hkklo atlhe_ep* Bqnpdanikna( ep odkqh` pk decdhecdp okia kb pda gau ]ola_po oq_d ]o opnq_) pqn]h ]nn]jcaiajpo $ ( oamqajpe]h( l]n]hhah( dean]n_de_]h( à_ajpn]heva`%( ejpan]_pekjo ]j` `]p] }ks WIÜhhan ap ]h*( .,,5( >nqj ap ]h*( .,,5Y* Pda baa`^]_g _kjpnkh hkkl ej okbps]na ouopaio eo okiapeiao ]hok nabanna` pk ]o WO]hadea ]j` P]dreh`]ne( .,,5Y* Ep eo W>nqj ap ]h*( .,,5Y kn eilknp]jp pk jkpa( pd]p pdana ateop è{anajp _kj_alpq]h nalnaoajp]pekjo kb pdeo hkkl* Hepan) ]pqna bkhhksejc pda E>I I=LA)G à_kilkoepekj kb ] baa`^]_g hkkl $ Oa_pekj .*-*/ kj l]ca -3% ej_hqào ]j atpn] lnk_aoo âpsaaj pda ikjepknejc ]j` à_eoekj)i]gejc pd]p eo qoq]hhu _]hha` kn âejc naolkjoe^ha bkn ]j]huvejc pda ouilpkio bnki pda ikjepknejc lnk_aoo( àpa_pejc sdaj ] _d]jca eo namqena`* Kpdano W>nqj ap ]h*( .,,5( @kôkj ap ]h*( .,,2Y ]na qoejc hkkl lnk_aoo na|jejc pda =E _ki) iqjepu#o ]llnk]_d bnki pda -54,o WC]p( -554( Jehookj( -54,Y* =jkpdan opq`) eao W>anpn]j ap ]h*( .,-.( ?]ookq ap ]h*( .,--Y qoa pda jkpekj kb $O??% ]n_depa_pqn]h l]ppanj pd]p eo ^]oa` kj pda skng kb ?daj W?daj ]j` Gkpv( .,,.Y ]j` P]uhkn. WP]uhkn ap ]h*( .,-,Y* Pda O?? ]llhe_]pekj l]ppanj ejrkhrao bkqn h]uano6 ]j` pd]p ejpqeperahu i]l pk pda baa`^]_g _kjpnkh. hkkl ejpnk`q_a` ]^kra* Oeieh]nhu pk WN]ienav ]j` ?dajc( .,-,Y( ej pdeo pdaoeo sa qoa pda pdnaa lnk_aoo nalnaoajp]pekj ]o ep eo _hkoan pk pda ^hk_g o_dai] bnki pda _kjpnkh pdaknu ]j` sa |j` ep ikna cajane_ ]j` a]oean pk qoa* Pda ikjepknejc ]j` na_kj|cqn]pekj lnk_aooao kb pda baa`^]_g _kjpnkh hkkl ]na ^qehp kj pda pkl kb ]j` * Pdau ]na pda i]j]ca]êhepu aj`lkejpo kb pda p]ncap ouopai _]hha` nalnaoajpejc pda ejpanb]_ao ejpnkola_pejc pda ouopai op]pa ]j` atlko) ejc epo i]j]caiajp klan]pekjo* Pdau ]na ]j eilknp]jp l]np kb ]ju oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopai ]o pda ]`f]_ajp _kjpnkh _]j kjhu â ^]oa` kj pda ejbkni]pekj ]j` i]j]caiajp kl) an]pekjo ]r]eh]^ha bnki pda _kjja_pa` oajokno ]j` a{a_pkno* Qoq]hhu kja kb pda |nop opal ej na]hevejc oahb)]`]lp]pekj ej okbps]na eo ] _ha]n eàjpe|_]pekj kb pda ]__aooe^ha pkq_dlkejpo* Bnki pda oal]n]pekj kb _kj_anjo lanola_pera ej naola_p pk pda _kjpnkh ia_d]jeoio ]j` ]llhe_]pekj hkce_( pda ]`]lp]pekj _]j â èreà` ejpk psk _]packneao6 ]j` * Pda bknian kja ejpanpsejao pda ]llhe_]pekj ]j` ]`]lp]pekj bqj_pekj]hepu ]j` aiâò è) -1.

(35) ғ* OҟҦҠ)=ҞқҪҮңҰҟ OҩҠҮұқҬҟ OҳҭҮҟҧҭ na_phu ej pda p]ncap ouopai _kà ^]oa sdeha pda h]ppan kja aj_]loqh]pao pda _kjpnkh ejpk ]j atpanj]h ]`]lp]pekj ajceja nqjjejc ej l]n]hhah sepd pda p]ncap ouopai WO]hadea ]j` P]dreh) `]ne( .,,5Y* Pda i]ej `n]s^]_g kb pda ejpanj]h ]`]lp]pekj eo pd]p ep eo qoq]hhu d]n`)_kà` ]j` de`àj ej pda ]llhe_]pekj _kà( ]j` pdanabkna è{e_qhp pk ]j]huva( ranebu( ikèbu kn atpaj`* Pda atpanj]h ]`]lp]pekj eo kj pda kpdan d]j` ^qehp oal]n]pahu( i]gejc ep a]oean pk na]okj ]^kqp pda _kjpnkh âd]rekn* Ep oal]n]pao pda _kj_anjo kb pda p]ncap ouopai bqj_pekj) ]hepu bnki pd]p kb ]`]lp]pekj* Ep ]hhkso kja pk ^qehp ]`]lp]pekj kj pkl kb hac]_u ouopaio sdana pda okqn_a iecdp jkp â ]hs]uo ]r]eh]^ha* Iknakran( atpanj]hevejc pda ]`]lp]pekj lkpajpe]hhu aj]^hao epo bqnpdan naqoa ]_nkoo iqhpelha ]`]lpekj o_aj]neko ]j` ouopaio* Pda i]ej `n]s^]_g kb pda atpanj]h ]llnk]_d eo dksaran ej ]ooqiejc pd]p pda p]ncap ouopai _]j lnkreà $kn _]j â ejopnqiajpa` pk lnkreà% ]hh pda ja_aoo]nu aj`lkejpo bkn epo k^) oanr]pekj ]j` _kjoamqajp ikè|_]pekj* Pdeo ]ooqilpekj oaaio na]okj]^ha oej_a i]ju kb pda ouopaio ]hna]ù lnkreà okia ejpanb]_ao $ pkkho( oanre_ao( =LEo% bkn pdaen k^) oanr]pekj ]j` ]`fqopiajp WC]nh]j ap ]h*( .,,0Y* Cajan]hhu( atpanj]hevejc pda ]`]lp]pekj d]o ] jqiân kb âja|po ]j` pdanabkna ej pdeo pdaoeo sa ]na _kj_anja` sepd pda atpanj]h ]llnk]_d* Pda _kj_alpq]h ikàh kb pda baa`^]_g _kjpnkh hkkl ]o ejpnk`q_a` ej pdeo oa_pekj lnk) reào ]j kranreas kb ] lkooe^ha ]n_depa_pqna bkn oahb)]`]lpera ouopaio* Dksaran( â_]qoa kb epo cajan]hepu ep oanrao ianahu ]o cqeàhejao bkn decd)harah ouopai eilhaiajp]pekjo* Okia àp]eho( aola_e]hhu pdkoa nah]pa` pk pda à_eoekj)i]gejc l]np _]j â `n]sj kj pk _kjpnkh pdaknu* ?kjpnkh pdaknu qoao baa`^]_g hkkl ]o epo _ajpn]h ahaiajp ]j` lnkreào sahh)aop]^heoda` i]pdai]pe_]h ikàho( pkkho( ]j` pa_djemqao bkn ] ouopai]pe_ ]llnk]_d bkn àoecjejc _kjpnkh hkklo pd]p ]na op]^ha ]j` ]__qn]pa W=^àhv]dan ap ]h*( .,,4Y* Ej l]npe_) qh]n( Dahhanopaej WDahhanopaej ap ]h*( .,,0Y lnkreà ] _kilnadajoera kranreas ]^kqp pda _]l]êhepeao k{ana` û _kjpnkh pdaknu ]j` pdaen ]llhe_]pekj pk _kilqpejc ouopaio* Bqnpdanikna( Od]s WOd]s( -551Y _kil]nao pda oqep]êhepu kb _kjpnkh hkklo ]o ] okbps]na ajcejaanejc iapdk`khkcu op]pejc pd]p * Pda aooaj_a kb ] ckk` _kjpnkh heao ej à|jejc ] oqep]^ha ikàh pd]p aj]^hao pk mq]j) pebu pda _kjpnkh k^fa_pera* Pdeo eo( dksaran( b]n bnki âejc pnere]h* Ep namqenao ] oecje|_]jp ]ikqjp kb `ki]ej)ola_e|_ gjksha`ca ]j` ejrkhrao ]j atpajoera atlaneiajpejc sepd ] r]neapu kb B?H lnk_a`qnao ]j` pqjejc l]n]iapano* Sdeha okia |ahò( ( lanbkni]j_a ajcejaanejc ]j` mqaqejc pdaknu ]hna]ù lnkreà i]pqna ikàho( ej i]ju kpdan ]llhe_]) pekj `ki]ejo ep eo uap jkp pda _]oa ]j` ep eo è{e_qhp pk ikàh pda nah]pekjodelo âpsaaj _kjpnkhha` ejlqpo ]j` kqplqpo WIÜhhan ap ]h*( .,,5Y* Iknakran( pdana eo ] _anp]ej ]__aooeêh) epu c]l kb _kjpnkh pdaknu bkn _kilqpan ln]_pepekjano( ]hpdkqcd pda Dahhanopaej#o ^kkg |hho ] cna]p l]np kb pdeo c]l*. .*-*/. =qpkjkie_ ?kilqpejc. Sdeha pda eà] kb oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopaio d]` jkp âaj jas( pda i]fkn ^na]g) pdnkqcd _]ia sepd pda E>I#o ]qpkjkie_ _kilqpejc ejepe]pera* Knecej]pejc ej pda E>I#o -2.

(36) .*-* Lnej_elhao i]jebaopk WDknj( .,,-Y bnki .,,-( pda _kj_alp kb. $=?% bkqj` ]j ej). olen]pekj ej êkhkce_]h ouopaio* Ep oqccaopo pk _kil]na _kilhat _kilqpejc ouopaio pk pda dqi]j ^kù pd]p eo ]j atpnaiahu _kilhat ouopai ej epoahb( ^qp ep d]o ]j $=JO%* Pda =JO pd]p p]gao _]na kb ikop ^kèhu bqj_pekjo $^kù pailan) ]pqna( da]np n]pa( ^hkk` lnaooqna( ^na]pdejc n]pa( ]j` i]ju ikna ejrkhqjp]nu na}atera naolkjoao%( pdanaû naikrejc bnki kqn _kjo_ekqojaoo pda p]og kb _kknèj]pejc ]hh kqn ^kèhu bqj_pekjo* Sd]p eo pda ikop bqj`]iajp]h eo pd]p ep `kao ep ]qpkjkikqohu( sepdkqp ]ju _kjo_ekqo na_kcjepekj kn a{knp ej kja#o l]np ]hhksejc kja pk bk_qo kj ck]ho $ % n]pdan pd]j kj ia]jo $ %* Kja kb pda âop at]ilhao2 kb pdeo eo ceraj ej pda i]jebaopk WDknj( .,,-Y6. Pda h]pan lq^heoda` ]n_depa_pqn]h ^hqalnejp WE>I( .,,2Y lnklkoao pda |nop ]n_depa_pqna bkn oahb)]`]lpera ouopaio pd]p atlhe_ephu atlkoao pda baa`^]_g _kjpnkh hkkl W>nqj ap ]h*( .,,5Y* Pda =? ]n_depa_pqna ]eio ]p bqj`]iajp]h ck]ho ào_neêjc6 pda atpanj]h ejpanb]_ao ]j` âd]rekno namqena` kb ejère`q]h ouopai _kilkjajpo( dks pk _kilkoa pdaoa _kilk) jajpo ok pd]p pdau _]j _kklan]pa pks]n` pda ck]ho kb ouopai)seà oahb)i]j]caiajp( ]j` dks pk _kilkoa ] ouopai bnki pdaoa _kilkjajpo ej oq_d ] s]u pd]p pda ouopai ]o ] sdkha eo oahb)i]j]cejc WE>I( .,,2Y* =o op]pa` ej pda oaiej]h l]lan û Gald]np WGald]np ]j` ?daoo( .,,/Y pda aooaj_a kb =? eo ouopai oahb)i]j]caiajp* Pda eà] eo pd]p ouopai ]ìejeopn]pkno odkqh` â_kia bnaa bnki pda hks)harah ]ìejeopn]pekj i]j]caiajp ]j` ejopa]` bk_qo kj à|jejc decdan) harah ck]ho bkn pda ]qpkjkie_ ouopai pk bkhhks* Uap( pdau odkqh` opehh nai]ej ej pda hkkl û ]ooeopejc ]j` ]llnkrejc pda oahb)i]j]caiajp lnk_aoo* Pda E>I#o ]qpkjkie_ reoekj d]o âaj ]hok bkhhksa` û kpdan ejepe]perao bnki pda _ki) lqpejc ej`qopnu WIÜhhan ap ]h*( .,,5Y oq_d ]o6 Oqj#o J- Ouopai I]j]caiajp Lnkcn]i pk aj]^ha ]llhe_]pekj àrahkliajp ]_nkoo dapankcajakqo ajrenkjiajpo ej ] _kjoeopajp ]j` renpq]heva` i]jjan3 ( Ie_nkokbp#o @uj]ie_ Ouopaio Ejepe]pera pa_djkhkcu opn]pacu bkn lnk`q_po ]j` okhqpekjo pk dahl ^qoejaooao iaap pda ài]j` kb ] n]le`hu _d]jcejc ]j` ]`]lp]^ha ajrenkjiajp WIe_nkokbp( .,,0Y( Dashapp)L]_g]n`#o ]llnk]_d pk ]qpkjkie_ _ki) lqpejc eo nae|a` ej epo =`]lpera Ajpanlneoa Opn]pacu WDL( .,,/Y( kn Ejpah sepd epo ejrkhra) iajp ej pda àrahkliajp kb op]j`]nò bkn ]qpkjkie_ _kilqpejc WPas]ne ]j` Iehagkre_( .,,2Y* =qpkjkie_ Ahaiajp ]j` I=LA)G =qpkjkie_ Hkkl Pda E>I#o ^hqalnejp ]hok ejpnk) `q_a` pda $=?N=% sepd ] jkpekj kb ]j ]o ] bqj`]iajp]h ^qehèjc ^hk_g bkn àoecjejc oahb)]`]lpera ouopaio* =j ]qpkjkie_ ahaiajp $Becqna .*/% _kjoeopo kb ]j ]j` * =j ]qpkjkie_ i]j]can nalnaoajpo pda _kjpnkhhan ]j` eilhaiajpo pda oahb)i]j]cejc âd]rekn 2 Sdeha pda _kil]neokj sepd j]pqn]h ouopaio oaaio pk hecdp pda reoekj( ]bpan ] à_]à kb =qpkjkie_ ?ki) lqpejc( jk skng kj ]llhuejc =JO lnej_elhao pk ]qpkjkie_ _kilqpejc d]o âaj qjànp]gaj WGald]np( .,--Y* 3 =bpan ]_mqeoepekj kb Oqj Ie_nkouopaio û Kn]_ha ?knlkn]pekj( pda àrahkliajp kb pda J- Oanre_a Lnkreoekj) ejc d]o _a]oa`*. -3.

(37) ғ* OҟҦҠ)=ҞқҪҮңҰҟ OҩҠҮұқҬҟ OҳҭҮҟҧҭ. Sensors. Effectors. Autonomic Manager. Analyze. Plan. Monitor. Execute Knowledge. Sensors. Effectors. Sensors. Effectors. Managed Resource Autonomic Element. Becqna .*/6 Pda E>I ]qpkjkie_ ahaiajp sepd pda I=LA)G nabanaj_a ikàh. qoejc ]j ]qpkjkie_ _kjpnkh hkkl WE>I( .,,2Y sde_d eo kbpaj _]hha` pda I=LA)G $ % hkkl* = i]j]ca` naokqn_a nalnaoajpo pda p]ncap ouopai( ( pda nqjjejc lnk_aoo( sepd psk i]j]ca]êhepu ejpanb]_ao6 oajokno ]j` a{a_pkno* Pda I=LA)G _kjpnkh hkkl odksj ej Becqna .*/ eo _kj_alpq]hhu oeieh]n pk pda baa`^]_g _kjpnkh hkkl bnki pda _h]ooe_ _kjpnkh pdaknu $ Oa_pekj .*-*.%* Ep _kjoeopo kb bkqn lnk_aooao knc]jeva` ]nkqj` ] _kiikj `]p] WE>I( .,,2Y6 −. ahaiajp nalnaoajpejc pda od]na` i]j]caiajp. lnkreào pda ia_d]jeoio pk _khha_p( ]ccnac]pa( |hpan ]j` nalknp ikjepknejc `]p] _khha_pa` bnki ] i]j]ca` naokqn_a pdnkqcd oajokno*. −. lnkreào pda ia_d]jeoio pd]p _knnah]pa ]j` ikàh _kilhat oepq]pekjo ]j` ]h) hks pda ]qpkjkie_ i]j]can pk ejpanlnap pda ajrenkjiajp( lnaè_p bqpqna oepq]pekjo( ]j` è]cjkoa pda _qnnajp op]pa kb pda ouopai*. −. lnkreào pda ia_d]jeoio pd]p _kjopnq_p pda ]_pekjo jaaà` pk ]_deara ] _anp]ej ck]h( qoq]hhu ]__knèjc pk okia cqeèjc lkhe_u kn opn]pacu*. −. lnkreào pda ia_d]jeoio pk _kjpnkh pda ata_qpekj kb pda lh]j kran pda i]j]ca` naokqn_ao û ia]jo kb a{a_pkno*. Pda ]n_depa_pqna bkhhkso pda bkni kb ]j atpanj]h baa`^]_g hkkl* Iknakran( ]j ]qpk) jkie_ ahaiajp epoahb _]j ]hok â _kjoeàna` ]o ] i]j]ca` naokqn_a ]j` ep _]j ]hok â _kjpnkhha` re] pda oajokno ]j` a{a_pkno pd]p ep atlkoao* Pdeo ]hhkso pk ^qeh` ] dean]n_de_]h opnq_pqna kb baa`^]_g hkklo $ Oa_pekj .*-*.% ]j` k{ano ] oal]n]pekj kb _kj_anjo nac]nèjc pda kran]hh ouopai ck]ho* Pda =?N= nabanaj_a ]n_depa_pqna à|jao ] pdnaa)h]uan dean]n_du -4.

(38) .*-* Lnej_elhao kb kn_daopn]pejc i]j]cano( naokqn_a i]j]cano( ]j` i]j]ca` naokqn_ao sde_d ]hh od]na i]j]caiajp `]p] re] ] oanre_a ejpanb]_a WE>I( .,,2Y* Pda hks)harah ]qpkjkie_ i]j]cano ja]n pda i]j]ca` naokqn_ao _kjpnkh odknp pani ck]ho pqjejc èna_phu l]n]iapano kb pda ]`f]_ajp naokqn_ao* Pda decdan)harah ]qpkjkie_ i]j]cano kj pda kpdan d]j` l]npe_el]pa ej ] ikna chk^]h reas kb pda ouopai ]j` d]j`ha hkjc pani ck]ho oq_d ]o hk]` ^]h]j_ejc kn decdan)harah ikè|_]pekj kb pda ouopai ]n_depa_pqna* =j ]qpkjkie_ ahaiajp oanrao ]o pda bqj`]iajp]h ^qehèjc ^hk_g bkn na]hevejc pda oahb)& lnklanpeao* Oahb)& Lnklanpeao Jatp pk pda _kj_alp kb pda ]qpkjkie_ ahaiajp ]j` I=LA)G hkkl( E>I d]o ]hok èopehha` kja kb pda ejepe]h oap kb pda lnklanpeao ]hok gjksj ]o ]`]lperepu lnkl) anpeao WO]hadea ]j` P]dreh`]ne( .,,5Y* Pdau aj_]loqh]pa pda aecdp i]ej ]qpkjkie_ _d]n]_) paneope_o bnki pda knecej]h i]jebaopk WDknj( .,,-Y ]j` d]ra âaj à|ja` ej ]__kn`]j_a pk oahb)]`]lp]pekj ia_d]jeoio bkqj` ej j]pqna WGald]np ]j` ?daoo( .,,/Y* Pda i]ej lnklanpeao ej_hqào6 $-% oahb)_kj|cqnejc( $.% oahb)da]hejc( $/% oahb)klpeievejc ]j` $0% oahb) lnkpa_pejc WE>I( .,,2Y* Ep eo( dksaran( ikophu pda oahb)klpeiev]pekj pd]p d]o âaj p]ncapa` û pda naoa]n_d _kiiqjepu* Ej deo E?=?#-- gaujkpa WGald]np( .,--Y( Fa{ Gald]np op]pao pd]p pda lnalkjàn]j_a kb skng ej pda |ah` _kjpejqao pk bk_qo kj oahb)klpeiev]pekj sepd pda kpdan lnklanpeao na_aerejc b]n haoo ]ppajpekj* Pda i]ej na]okj eo pd]p ep eo a]oean pk à|ja âj_di]ngo bkn oahb)klpeiev]pekj pd]j bkn pda kpdan ]j` * =__knèjc pk Oahadea ]j` P]dreh`]ne WO]hadea ]j` P]dreh`]ne( .,,1Y pda lnklanpeao ]na hejga` pk okbps]na mq]hepu iapne_o sde_d _kqh` dahl à|ja ]j` qjànop]j` pdaoa lnklanpeao âppan ]j` pk qpeheva pda ateopejc ^kù kb gjksha`ca kj mq]hepu b]_pkno( iapne_o( ]j` namqenaiajpo( ej àrahklejc ]j` klan]pejc oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na* Nah]pekj pk Oahb)=`]lpera Okbps]na Ouopaio Ep eo è{e_qhp pk `n]s ] na]h èopej_pekj âpsaaj pda oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopaio ]j` pda oahb)i]j]cejc ]qpkjkie_ _kilqp) ejc ouopaio* Ej ikop kb pda nah]pa` hepan]pqna( sa |j` pd]p ]qpdkno ]na qoejc pda panio oahb)]`]lpera $sepd kn sepdkqp ]`èjc okbps]na ouopaio%( ]qpkjkie_ _kilqpejc( ]j` oahb) i]j]cejc ejpan_d]jca]^hu* Ej ] na_ajp oqnrau û O]hadea ]j` P]dreh`]ne WO]hadea ]j` P]dreh`]ne( .,,5Y( pda ]qpdkno pneao pk i]ga okia _kil]neokj _kj_hqèjc6. Pk pda âop kb kqn gjksha`ca pdana eo jk atlhe_ep _kil]neokj âpsaaj pdaoa psk ]j` ej pdeo pdaoeo sa ]hok _kjoeàn pdai pk â pda o]ia* -5.

(39) ғ* OҟҦҠ)=ҞқҪҮңҰҟ OҩҠҮұқҬҟ OҳҭҮҟҧҭ. .*. Nah]pa` Skng Pdana eo ] r]op ^kù kb skng kj oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopaio ]j` ]qpkjkie_ _kilqpejc _kiejc bnki è{anajp _kiiqjepeao atlhknejc pda |ah` bnki è{anajp lanola_perao* Kj pda kja d]j` pdeo ha]ò pk ] r]neapu kb ejjkr]pekjo ]j` kran]hh qjànop]jèjc( ^qp kj pda kpdan d]j`( â_]qoa pda _kiiqjepeao ]na n]pdan hkkoahu _kqlha`( ep ]hok ha]ò pk pda bn]ciajp]pekj kb pda |ah` ]j` pk pda àrahkliajp kb è{anajp paniejkhkceao* =jkpdan è{e_qhpu ej opqùejc nah]pa` skng heao ej pda b]_p( pd]p kbpaj ep eo è{e_qhp pk ejban okia kb pda pa_dje_]h àp]eho ]j` heiep]pekjo kb pda lnaoajpa` skng ]o pdau ]na jkp èo_qooa`4 * Ej pdeo oa_pekj sa cera ]j kranreas kb ] oaha_pa` skng pd]p eo nah]pa` pk ajcejaanejc kb oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopaio ]j` pd]p sa d]ra eàjpe|a` ]o pda ikop nahar]jp pk pda _kjpatp kb pdeo pdaoeo* Pda opqù eo knc]jeva` ejpk psk l]npo* Ej pda |nop l]np( sa cera ] ^neab kranreas kb pda oaha_pa` lnkfa_po ]j` pa_djemqao pd]p ]ei ]p b]_ehep]pejc àrahkl) iajp kb oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopaio $Oa_pekj .*.*-%* Pdeo ej_hqào bn]iaskng)^]oa` ]llnk]_dao( skng aj]^hejc oahb)]`]lp]pekj ej pda p]ncap ouopai $ ùj]ie_]hhu ]`]l) pera ie``has]na% ]j` okhqpekjo bkn ajcejaanejc l]npo kb pda ]`]lp]pekj ajceja $ ]`) `naooejc ikjepknejc kn ]llhuejc ] l]npe_qh]n à_eoekj)i]gejc pa_djemqa%* Pda ejpajpekj eo jkp pk lnkreà ] atd]qopera oqnrau kb ajcejaanejc ]llnk]_dao kb oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopaio( ^qp n]pdan pk cera ]j kranreas kb pda ateopejc ouopaio ]j` pa_djemqao* Jaranpda) haoo( sa âheara pd]p pda ej_hqà` pa_djkhkceao ]j` lnkfa_po nalnaoajp pda ikop nahar]jp ]llnk]_dao sepd naola_p pk kqn ]ei* Pda oaha_pekj d]o âaj i]ejhu ^]oa` kj pda bkhhksejc oqnrauo6 − Dqaô_dan ]j` I_?]jj( WDqaô_dan ]j` I_?]jj( .,,4Y − O]hadea ]j` P]dreh`]ne( ]j` P]dreh`]ne( .,,5Y − ?dajc .,,5]Y. W?dajc ap ]h*(. (. − Rehhac]oap]h. WO]hadea. (. WRehhac]o ap ]h*( .,--Y Ej pda oa_kj` l]np( sa lnkreà ikna àp]eho ]^kqp okia kb pda lnkfa_po $i]nga` û † ej pda |nop l]np% pd]p ]ei ]p lnkreèjc ] ikna cajane_ ]llnk]_d bkn ajcejaanejc _kilhapa oahb)]`]lpera okbps]na ouopaio $Oa_pekj .*.*.%* Pda lnkfa_po sana oaha_pa` â_]qoa $-% pdau odks okia kb pda nalnaoajp]pera bn]iaskngo( ie``has]na ]j` ikàh)^]oa` ej_hqèjc ikàh<nqj*peia ]llnk]_dao( ]j` $.% pdau ]na _hkoa pk kqn bk_qo ]j` d]` pda ikop ej}q) aj_a kj kqn àoecj* 4 Saujo WSaujo ap ]h*( .,-.Y( oqnrauo 52 lq^he_]pekjo bnki OA=IO ]j` pda ]ook_e]pa` @]copqdh oaiej]n âpsaaj pda ua]no .,,2 ]j` .,-- nalknpejc pd]p pda i]fknepu kb pda opqèao èo_qooao jk heiep]pekjo ]j` pd]p ej ikop _]oao ]ooaooiajp iapdkò( pkkho ]j` `]p] ]na jkp lq^he_hu ]r]eh]^ha*. .,.

(40) .*.* Nah]pa` Skng. .*.*- =llnk]_dao B]_ehep]pejc Oahb)=`]lp]pekj Pda kranreas op]npo sepd bn]iaskng)^]oa` ]llnk]_dao ]j` okhqpekjo kneajpa` pks]nò ]`]lpera ie``has]nao* Pdeo eo bkhhksa` sepd ]j kqpheja kb ikàh)^]oa` pa_djemqao ]j` skng nah]pa` pk baa`^]_g _kjpnkh ]j` _kjpnkh pdaknu* Bn]iaskngo. E>I lnklkoa` ] bkni kb op]j`]nèva` ]llnk]_d bkn ]qpkjkie_ ouopaio. qoejc pda I=LA)G à_kilkoepekj ]j` pda =?N= ]n_depa_pqna WGald]np ]j` ?daoo( .,,/( E>I( .,,2Y $ Oa_pekj .*-*/ kj l]ca -3%* Bkhhksejc pdaoa cajan]h lnej_elhao( ] jqiân kb bn]iaskng)^]oa` ]llnk]_dao d]ra âaj àrahkla` bk_qoejc kj è{anajp ]ola_po kb oahb) ]`]lp]pekj ej okbps]na ouopaio* Hepkeq WHepkeq ap ]h*( .,,1Y ào_neâ ] dean]n_de_]h bn]iaskng pd]p ]__kiik`]pao o_klao ]j` peiao_]hao kb _kjpnkh ]_pekjo( ]j` è{anajp _kjpnkh ]hcknepdio* Pdaen ]n_de) pa_pqna _kjoeàno pdnaa i]ej pulao kb _kjpnkhhano na}a_pejc pda pdnaa è{anajp op]cao pd]p † pdau bk_qo kj6 pqjejc( hk]` ^]h]j_ejc( ]j` lnkreoekjejc* WC]nh]j ap ]h*( .,,0Y eo ] bn]iaskng bkn àrahklejc ]n_depa_pqna)^]oa` oahb)]`]lp]pekj lnkreèjc ] naqo]^ha † ejbn]opnq_pqna $ l]ca .0%* W=o]`khh]de ap ]h*( .,,5Y eo àoecja` bkn ^qehèjc oahb)i]j]cejc F]r])^]oa` ]llhe_]pekjo qoejc _hkoa` baa`^]_g _kjpnkh hkklo* Ep qoao. $FIT% bkn p]ncap ouopaio pkq_dlkejpo ]j` ] lkhe_u)nqha h]jcq]ca kn F]r] _kà bkn ]`]lpekj ajceja eilhaiajp]pekj $ l]ca .1%* Oeieh]nhu( $=IP% W=`]i_vug ap ]h*( .,,4Y ]j` $=OB% WCknpkj ap ]h*( .,,2Y bn]iaskngo ]na ailhkuejc nqha ajcejao bkn na]okjejc ]j` à_eoekj i]gejc( ]j` FIT pkq_dlkejpo bkn ^qehèjc oahb)]`]lpera F]r])^]oa` ouopaio* = è{anajp ]llnk]_d aj]^hejc ]`]lp]^ha âd]rekn ej F]r] ]llhe_]pekjo eo bkhhksa` û WO]`f]è ap ]h*( .,,0Y( ] bn]iaskng pd]p qoao ] _kiêj]pekj kb âd]rekn]h na}a_pekj ]j` $=KL%* Na}a_pekj ]j` =KL pa_djemqao ]na ]hok atlhkna` û ?Ái]n]. W?Ái]n]. ap ]h*( .,,3Y pk àrahkl ] ùj]ie_ ]`]lp]pekj i]j]caiajp bn]iaskng pd]p lnkreào ] ^]oe_ ejbn]opnq_pqna bkn ] jkj)ejpnqoera( oaie)]qpki]pe_ ]llnk]_d kb oujp]_pe_]h ]j` â) d]rekn]h ]`]lp]pekj* @e{anajp ]llnk]_dao bk_qoao kj _kilkjajp ]`]lp]pekjo* Bkn at]ilha( W@kshejc ]j` ?]dehh( .,,0Y ejpnk`q_ao ] _kilkjajp ikàh aj]^hejc ejère`q]h _kilk) jajpo oahb)]`]lpekj* Pdau ]hok ej_hqà à_ajpn]heva` _kknèj]pekj ikàho bkn _khha_pera ]`]lp]pekj kb _kilkjajpo cnkqlo ^]oa` kj i]_deja ha]njejc pa_djemqao* WIqgdef] ]j` Chejv( .,,1Y eo ] bn]iaskng aj]^hejc ùj]ie_ ]llhe_]pekj ]`]lp]pekj pd]p oqllknpo r]nekqo ]`]lp]pekj ia_d]jeoio ej_hqèjc ùj]ie_ na_kilkoepekj kb ]llhe_]pekj _kilk) jajpo* W>kq_daj]g ap ]h*( .,,1Y lnaoajpo ] ùj]ie_]hhu _kj|cqn]^ha _kilkjajp) ^]oa` ]n_depa_pqna ^]oa` kj ] BN=?P=H _kilkjajp ikàh bkn ]qpkjkikqo nal]en i]j) ]caiajp ej èopne^qpa` ouopaio oq_d ]o F.AA oanran _hqopano* Okia bn]iaskngo bk_qo kj i]j]cejc pda $MkO% ej $OK=%* Bkn ejop]j_a( W?]nàhheje ap ]h*( .,,5Y( ] iapdk`khkcu ]j` ] lnk) pkpula pkkh( ]eio ]p `nerejc pda oahb)]`]lp]pekj kb ] OK= ouopai pk bqh|hh jkj)bqj_pekj]h MkO namqenaiajpo oq_d ]o ouopai lanbkni]j_a( nahe]êhepu( ]j` _kop* WP]iqn] ap ]h*( .,-,Y lnklkoao ] _kilkjajp ]n_depa_pqna bkn oahb)na_kj|cqn]pekj ]o ]j ]_pekj ]ook) .-.