Comparison of RBG-banded karyotypes of cattle, sheep and goat

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Comparison of RBG-banded karyotypes of cattle, sheep

and goat

Hélène Hayes, Elisabeth Petit

To cite this version:

Comparison

of

RBG-banded

_karyotypes

of

_cattle,

_sheep

and

_goat

H

_Hayes

E Petit

Institut National de la Recherche

_{Agro!,o!rcique,}

Laboratoire de

_{Cytogénétique, CRJ,}

78350

_{Jouy-en-Josas,}

France

(Proceedings

of the 9th

_European

_Colloquium

on

Cytogenetics

of Domestic

Animals;

Toulouse-Auzeville,

10-13

_July

₁₉₉₀₎

cattle

_/

_goat

_/

_sheep

_/

RBG-bands

_/

chromosomes

Based on natural taxonomic

_criteria,

the 3 main domestic

_species

of the Bovidae

family belong

to 2 different subfamilies: Bovinae

_(Bos

taurus: domestic ox or

cattle)

and

_Caprinae

_(Capra

hircus:

_goat,

Ovis aries: domestic

_sheep).

Cattle,

goat

and

_{sheep karyotypes}

show a

_{high degree}

of

_similarity

as far as their nombre

_fondamental

NF = 58

(number

of _autosome

arms)

and the band

_patterns

of most of their chromosome arms are concerned

(Buckland

and

Evans, 1978;

Di

Berardino et

_{al, 1987;}

Mensher et

_al,

_1989).

Only

small differences in the band

_patterns

have been

_reported

between

_goat

and

_sheep,

on the one

_hand,

and

_cattle,

on the

_other,

for autosome 9 and for the sex chromosomes

_(Ford

et

_al,

_1980;

ISCNDA,

1989).

In this

_study,

we have

_investigated

in

_greater

detail these differences

_using

syn-chronized cultures of

_primary

_embryo

fibroblasts and the

_{RBG-banding technique.}

To obtain a

_high

_yield

of

_metaphase

and

_{early metaphase cells,}

cultures of

primary embryo

fibroblasts were

_synchronized

with a double

_thymidine

block of

S

_phase

_{(Viegas-Pequignot}

and

Dutrillaux, 1978,

and

_personal

_{communication).}

Harvest,

hypotonic

treatment,

fixation and

_spreading

of cells and fluorescence

plus

Giemsa

_{(FPG)-staining}

are described in

_{Viegas-Pequignot}

et al 1989. Chro-mosomes were numbered

_according

to ISCNDA 1989.

A

_{band-by-band analysis}

of the RBG-banded chromosomes of

_sheep,

_goat

and cattle

_clearly

showed the

_{high degree}

of conservation of their

_banding

_pattern;

the

_only

differences which we

_consistently

observed concern autosome 9 and sex chromosomes.

Figure

1 shows

_sheep,

_goat

and cattle autosomes 9 from different

_karyotypes

chosen for their characteristic

_{banding. Sheep}

and

_goat

autosomes 9 appear identical

located in about the middle of this chromosome was lower in cattle than in

_goat

and

sheep

and that the number of bands below this

_region

was

higher

in

goat

and

sheep

than in

_cattle,

while that above this

_region

was smaller in

_goat

and

sheep

than in cattle. This leads us to

_suggest

that a

_paracentric

_inversion,

as indicated in

figure

1,

may have occurred when Bovinae and

Caprinae

diverged.

However,

it will

be _necessary to obtain even finer

_banding

_patterns

_and/or

to use

_specific

_probes

of this

_region

in in situ

_experiments

to

_verify

this

_hypothesis.

Figure

2 contains Y and X RBG-banded chromosomes.

_Figure

2a _presents the Y chromosomes

_and,

as

_{previously reported,}

in

_sheep

and

_goat

_they

looked

_identical,

very

small,

acrocentric with

darkly

stained p arms, while in

cattle, they

were

_larger,

submetacentric and almost

_entirely

_pale

except in the p arm.

Figure

2b shows X chromosomes for the 3

_species

from various

_karyotypes.

As for Y

_chromosomes,

we found that

_sheep

and

_goat

had identical X chromosomes while cattle were

_quite

different. We did not observe the difference in the _q terminal

region

that Mensher et al

₍₁₉₈₉₎

saw after

G-banding.

However,

as

_{reported by}

Di Berardino et al

₍₁₉₈₇₎

for

_goat

and

_cattle,

we also found that a

_large

_portion

of the _q arm of

_goat

and

_sheep

X chromosomes

_closely

resembled the _q arm of the cattle X

_chromosome,

if the latter were turned

_upside

down as shown in

_figure

2b. The

_{remaining regions}

of this chromosome cannot

be

_easily

matched with those of

_goat

and

_sheep

X

_chromosomes,

therefore it is

probable

that a

_complex

series of events occurred between the ancestral form of

the Bovidae X chromosome considered to be close to the

_{goat type}

and the actual cattle type.

Indeed,

the fact that a

_{large portion}

of the

banding

_pattern

was found

to be common in all 3

_species

is in _agreement with Ohno’s

(1969) hypothesis

that the X chromosome has been

_preserved

in toto from a common ancestor _{in many}

mammalian

_species.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Buckland

_RA,

Evans HJ

_{(1978) Cytogenetic}

_aspects of

_phylogeny

in the Bovidae. 1.

G-banding. Cytogenet

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64-71

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