Tentative chromosomal assignment of the glucose phosphate isomerase gene in cattle, sheep and goat by in situ hybridization

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Tentative chromosomal assignment of the glucose

phosphate isomerase gene in cattle, sheep and goat by in

situ hybridization

Bp Chowdhary, I Harbitz, W Davies, I Gustavsson

To cite this version:

Tentative

chromosomal

_assignment

of the

glucose phosphate

isomerase

_gene

in

_cattle,

sheep

and

_goat

_by

in situ

_{hybridization}

BP

_Chowdhary

₁

I Harbitz

2

W

Davies

2

I

Gustavsson

1

Swedish

_{University of}

_Agricultural

Sciences,

Department

of

Animal

_Breeding

and Genetics, Uppsala, Sweden;

2

Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Oslo, Norway

(Proceedings

of the 9th

_{European Colloquium}

on

_Cytogenetics

of Domestic

Animals;

Toulouse-Auzeville,

10-13

_July

₁₉₉₀₎

gene

mapping

/ in

situ

_{hybridization}

_{/ glucose}

_phosphate isomerase

_(GPI)

_{/ cattle,}

sheep and _goat

INTRODUCTION

Cattle, sheep

and

_goat

are

evolutionarily

_closely

related

_species

_belonging

to the

family

Bovidae.

_{Karyologically,}

on the basis of GTG- and

_RBA-bands,

the three

species

are

_quite

similar except for the sex chromosomes and minor differences between some autosomes

_{(ISCNDA, 1989).}

Much data have accumulated in the

past

decade which

_suggest

_that,

in the

_majority

of the cases,

chromosome-banding

homologies

correspond

to similarities in the _gene content. This conclusion is based

on the results of the

_{comparative banding}

and _gene

_mapping

studies carried out

in

_human,

_big

_apes and New World

monkeys

(Dutrillaux

et

_{al, 1981;}

_Lalley

et

al,

1989),

along

with

_comparisons

made between man and mouse

(Sawyer

and

Hozier,

1986),

within the _group of Cricetidae and Muridae

_(Yoshida,

_1984;

Levan et

_al,

_1987),

between cat and human

_(O’Brien

et

_al,

_1985),

and cat and mink

(Graphodatsky,

1989).

In

_{phylogenetically}

distant

_species,

however, comparative

banding

and _gene

_mapping

_homologies

are less evident. In domestic

_animals,

_very

few studies

_involving

such

_comparisons

have

_yet

been made. The

_assignment

of the

major histocompatibility complex

(MHC),

cytokeratin

A

_(KRTA)

and

_cytokeratin

B

_(KRTB)

_genes in cattle and

_sheep

_(Hediger,

1988;

Mahdy

et

al,

1989)

support

the similar

_{banding-similar}

_gene

_concept.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

cDNA to

_genomic

blots from the same

_species

indicated that the

_porcine

_genomic

probe

binds to the GPI locus in these

_species

_(results

not

_shown).

The

_probe

was

tritium labeled

_using

the

_{random-priming}

method

_(Feinberg

and

_Vogelstein,

_1983;

Lin et

_al,

_1985).

The

_specific

_activity

of the

probe

was 5 x

10

1

_dpm/ttg

of DNA.

Lymphocytes

from two Swedish Red and White

_bulls,

two Swedish Landrace ewes

and two Finnish Landrace bucks were cultured

_using

standard

techniques.

The

chromosome

_preparation

method and the

_technique

of in situ

_{hybridization}

have been described elsewhere

_(Makinen

et

_al,

_1989).

The chromosomes were

GTG-banded after

_{hybridization using}

the

_technique

described

_{by Popescu}

et al

_(1985).

The

_idiograms

of G-banded chromosomes of cattle were

_adapted

for

_sheep

and

_goat

chromosomes and the

_grains

were

_plotted

on these

_idiograms

_{(ISCNDA, 1989).}

The

x

2

-test

was used for statistical

_analysis.

RESULTS Cattle

A total of 113

metaphases

from two

_experiments

were

analyzed

and the

_grains

scored were

_plotted

on the

_idiogram

of G-banded cattle chromosomes

(fig la).

In

all,

363

_grains

were

counted,

of which 80

(22%)

were located on chromosome 18.

Furthermore,

of the total number of

_grains

on this

_chromosome,

75

_(94%)

were

located on the distal half of the chromosome with the

peak

on

_segment

q22->

proximal

part

of

_q24,

where

_{approximately}

73%

(58)

of the total number of

_grains

on chromosome 18 were located.

Sheep

A total of 118

_metaphases

from two

_experiments

were

_analyzed

and the

_grains

scored were

_plotted

on the

_idiogram

of G-banded

_sheep

chromosomes

(fig lb).

In

_all,

495

_grains

were

_counted,

of which 93

(19%)

were located on chromosome

14.

_Furthermore,

of the total number of

_grains

on this

chromosome,

81

(87%)

were located on the distal half of the chromosome with the

_peak

on the

_segment

q22->proximal

part

of

_q24,

where

_{approximately}

62%

(58)

of the total

_grains

on

chromosome 14 were located.

Goat

A total of 121

_metaphases

from two

_experiments

were

_analyzed

and the

_grains

scored were

plotted

on the

_idiogram

of G-banded

_goat

chromosomes

_{(fig lc).}

The

sex chromosomes were drawn on the basis of the

_photographs

of G-banded X and

Y chromosomes. In

_all,

479

_grains

were

_counted,

of which 61

(13%)

were located on

chromosome 18. Of the total number of

_grains

on this

chromosome,

about 56

_(92%)

were localized on the distal half of the chromosome. A close examination revealed

Statistics

In all three

_species,

the

_{q22->proximal}

_part

of

_q24

constitutes less than

0.5%

of the total _genome. Statistical evaluation revealed that the

_probability

of the presence of GPI8R DNA in this

_segment

is

_highly

_significant

_(P

<

_0.01)

in each

_species.

DISCUSSION

This

_{study provides}

evidence that the

_glucose

_phosphate

_{isomerase gene maps} to

chromosomes

18,

14 and 18 in

_{cattle, sheep}

and

_goat,

_{respectively.}

These three chromosomes have _very similar

_banding

_patterns as well as

_{hybridization}

_signals

using

the GPI8R DNA

_probe.

87-94%

of the

_grains

on these chromosomes were

located in the distal half with the

_peak

on the same

_segment

viz

q22->proximal

part of

_q24,

where

_{approximately}

62-73%

of the total number of

_grains

on these

chromosomes were located. The chromosomal

region q24

is a

_relatively

_large

_region.

Comparatively

few

_grains

were observed in the middle and distal

_parts

of this

region.

Thus the GPI _gene has

_tentatively

been

_assigned

to the

_q22-proximal

_part

of

_q24

on chromosomes

_18,

14 and 18 in

_{cattle, sheep}

and

_goat,

_{respectively,}

_indicating

the _presence of similar

_genetic

material in these

_regions

which also _appears to be similar after

_banding.

REFERENCES

Dutrillaux

_B,

Couturier

J,

Evani V

₍₁₉₈₁₎

Chromosomal evolution in

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Chromo-somes

_{Today 7,}

176-191

Feinberg AP, Vogelstein

B

₍₁₉₈₃₎

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_technique

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_{radiolabeling}

DNA restriction

endonu-clease

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_{high specific activity.}

Anal Biochem 132, 6-13

Graphodatsky

AS

₍₁₉₈₉₎

Conserved and variable elements of mammalian chromosomes.

In:

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CRE,

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C.AB

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Hediger

R

₍₁₉₈₈₎

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zur

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Eidgen6ssischen

Technischen

Hochschule,

Zurich

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International

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Womack JE

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DiPaolo JA

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