R-banding pattern of the prometaphase chromosomes of the domestic sheep Ovis aries L

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R-banding pattern of the prometaphase chromosomes of

the domestic sheep Ovis aries L

D. Di Berardino, M.B. Lioi, C. Miranda, A. Di Milia, M.G. d’Agostino, D.

Matassino

To cite this version:

Original

article

R-banding

pattern

of the

_prometaphase

chromosomes

of the domestic

_sheep

Ovis aries

L.

D. Di Berardino

M.B. Lioi

C. Miranda

A. Di Milia

M.G.

_D’Agostino

D.

Matassino

1

_University

_of

Naples,

Department

of Animal

Production,

80055

_Portici,

_Naples

2

University

of

Basilicata,

Institute of Animal

_Production,

_{85100, Potenza,}

_Italy

(received

19-2-1988,

accepted

5-5-1988)

Summary —

The

_RBA-banding

_pattern

of the domestic

_sheep

Ovis aries L. and the

_diagrammatic

representation

at the 510 band

_stage

are

_presented

and

_proposed

as the "standard"

_{RBA-karyotype}

for this

species.

domestic

_{sheep - RBA-banding -}

chromosomes

Résumé —

_Description

des chromosomes

_marqués

en bandes R du mouton

domestique

Ovis aries L. Les bandes R

_(technique

RBA)

des chromosomes du mouton

_domestique

et son idio-gramme à l’état de 510 bandes sont

présentés

et

_proposés

comme le

_caryotype

«standard» de

cette

_espèce.

mouton

_{domestique -}

bandes R - chromosomes

Introduction

The

_discovery

of the

_RBA-banding

_{procedure by}

Dutrillaux

et

aL

₍₁₉₇₃₎

has

_provided

a

remarkable

_improvement

in

the

identification and

_description

of individual chromosomes

of

_mammals,

_including

man. The

benefits of this

_technique

are

_quite

evident

in the

_family

Bovidae,

whose

chromosomes,

especially

the smallest elements of the

_karyotype,

are not

_{easily distinguishable}

when

G-banded;

the

_difficulty

lies in the fact that in Bovidae

chromosomes,

both centromeres

and telomeres

are

_mostly

_G-negative

and, therefore,

the smallest

autosomes

have

to

be identified

_{by relying upon very few and often}

undefin-ed bands.

The

_potential

of the

_{RBA-banding technique}

for definite identification of Bovidae

chro-mosomes,

first

_pointed

out

_{by Popescu (1975)}

and

_by

Gustavsson and

_Hagelthorn

(1976),

has

_subsequently

been

demonstrated

_by

another series

of studies on the

R-ban-ding

pattern

of

_prometaphase

chromosomes

of Bos taurus L.

_(Di

Berardino

et

_{aL, 1979,}

1985;

Di Berardino and

_lannuzzi,

_1982),

Bubalus bubalis L.

_(Di

Berardino

et

al.,

1981;

Di

As

a

contribution

to

establishment of the standard RBA-banded

_karyotype

of

Ovis

aries

L.,

this paper

presents

karyotypes

and

_{diagrammatic representations}

of the

RBA-banding

patterns

at

the 510 band

_stage.

Materials and Methods

Peripheral

blood drawn from the

_jugular

vein of 11 animals of the Gentile di

Puglia

breed

₍₆

males and 5

_females)

was cultured for 72 h in RPMI 1640 medium

(Row,

Dutch

modification),

supplemen-ted with 10% fetal calf serum

_(Gibco),

antibacterial and

_antifungal

_agents,

0.1% of

_L-glutamine,

and

pokeweed mitogen (Gibco).

After 48

h,

lymphocytes

were

_synchronized

_{by adding}

excess

_thymidine

(0.3

mg/ml,

final

_{concentration).}

The

_S-phase

block was released 18 h later

_by

_washing

the cultures in fresh RPMI medium. To induce

_R-banding

the cells were recultured in

_growth

medium as descri-bed

above,

supplemented

with BrdU

(Sigma,

10

_j.1g/ml,

final

_conc.)

added 1 h later. The

_optimal

recovery time was found to be around 6.5

_h,

_including

1 h of exposure to colcemid solution

(Gibco).

After

_hypotonic

treatment with 0.075 M KCI for 20 min at

37.5°C,

the cells were fixed in metha-nol-acetic acid 3:1 for 1

h,

centrifuged,

fixed

again,

and left

overnight

in a

_{refrigerator.}

The next

_day

the cell

_suspension

was

_centrifuged,

fixed

_again

in fresh

fixative,

spread

on to clean wet slides and air dried.

The

_{staining procedure}

for

_RBA-banding

was

_performed

as described

by

Di Berardino and lan-nuzzi

(1982).

Results

Fig.

1

shows

a

_{representative prometaphase}

RBA-banded

_karyotype

of the

_{sheep (2n}

=

54,XY).

The

_karyotype

has been

_arranged

by following

the

same

nomenclature

as

_previously

adopted

for the RBA-banded

_karyotype

of the

_goat

_(Di

Berardino

et

al.,

1987)

and cattle

(Di

Berardino

et

_al.,

₁₉₈₅₎

which

refers,

as

far

as

_possible,

to

the

_Reading

system

(Ford

et aL, 1980).

Several

_karyotypes

were

_prepared

from the

11

_investigated

animals,

but

_only

the best

banded

chromosomes,

4

for each

_pair,

were selected

and used

to

_produce

the

diagram-matic

_{representation}

shown in

Fig.

2A, B,

C.

The whole

_idiogram

of the

_RBA-banding

_pattern

of

_sheep

chromosomes is

_presented

in

_Fig.

3A,

B.

The

_numbering

of

the bands within each

individual chromosomes follows

the

ISCN nomenclature

(ISCN, 1978).

The

_RBA-banding

_pattern

of the individual

sheep

chromosomes

has

been found

to

be

identical

to

that of the

_goat

chromosomes

_{previously reported (Di}

Berardino

et

al.,

1987);

therefore,

the

detailed

_description

is

omitted.

Given the

_complete

_homology

in

_banding

_pattern

between the chromosomes of the

2

species,

and

_following

a

_phylogenic

criterion,

the

_goat

chromosome

nomenclature,

which

is identical

to

that of

cattle,

was

_adopted

to

_classify

the

_sheep

chromosomes.

For this

reason

there is

no

_{correspondence}

between the G-banded standard

karyoty-pe

presented

by

Long

(1985)

and the

_present

one.

karyoty-pe

are

the results of

3

different

sets

of

centric

fusions

involving, respectively,

chromo-somes

_{1-3, 2-8,}

and

5-11

of the

_goat

_karyotype.

The total number of bands counted in the

_haploid

set

of

_sheep

chromosomes in the

prometaphase

stage,

including

the X

and

Y

chromosomes,

equalled

510

bands,

of which

187

_(36.7%)

were

_positive,

251

_{(49.4%) negative,}

and

72

_(14.1%)

intermediate.

Discussion and Conclusion

The

_present

_{paper has}

to

be considered

as a

contribution

to

the establishment of the

standard RBA-banded

karyotype

of the

species

Ovis aries

L.

Lymphocytes

were

_{synchronized by}

excess

of

_thymidine

and

_RBA-banding

was

indu-ced

_{by using}

a

combination of BrdU and

H33258,

as

_{previously reported}

for the

R-ban-ded

_karyotype

of the

_goat

_(Di

Berardino

et

_{al., 1987).}

_Thymidine

_{synchronization}

is

achie-ved

_by

a

feed-back inhibition mechanism

which

blocks the formation of

deoxycytidine

triphosphate

from

_{cytidine 5-phosphate (Xeros, 1962),}

thus

_blocking

the

_majority

of the

cells

at

mid

_S-phase

of the cell

_{cycle. Thymidine}

was

_preferred

to

methotrexate

or

fluo-rouracil

as it

is less toxic and less

_clastogenic

for cells

_(Dutrillaux

and

_{Viegas-Pequignot,}

1981;

Ronne

et al.,

1984;

Ronne,

1984).

A

remarkable increase

in

the R-band resolution

was

achieved

_{by combining}

with BrdU

H33258,

which links

to

DNA

_{by hydrophobic}

bonds

_(Bontemps

et

al., 1975;

Comings,

1975)

with

a

4-fold

_stronger

_affinity

to

_{poly (dA-dbrdU)}

than

_{poly (dA-dT)}

_segments

_(Latt

and

Wohlleb,

1975);

this combined

_{incorporation delays}

chromosome contraction and

enhances band

contrast

_(Ronne,

_1983).

The

_present

RBA-banded

_karyotype

can

be utilized for

further

studies

on

detection

of

numerical

as

well

as

structural chromosomal

abnormalities,

evolutionary

relationships

Acknowledgments

This work has been

_supported

by

a financial contribution from the National Research

Council,

Rome,

Italy.

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D.E.

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