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E volution des stratégies vaccinales en France.

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B

ien que le vaccin contre l'hépatite B ait été une décou- v e rte française, certaines autorités internationales avaient déclaré que “en matière de vaccination contre l'hépatite B, la France n'avait pas le leadership mondial". Il est cert a i n que la diffusion du vaccin est restée trop limitée aux pro- fessionnels de santé dans les années qui ont suivi la com- m e rcialisation en 1981 ; les ventes sont restées longtemps modestes, cantonnées aux établissements publics. Ce n'est qu’au cours de ces toutes dern i è res années que la pro g re s s i o n a été décisive (public et privé), à la faveur de campagnes d'in- f o rmation et de décisions politiques, montrant que toute la population était concernée et que les jeunes adolescents constituaient un groupe cible à pre n d re en compte d'ur- gence (depuis fin 1994).

Il a donc semblé nécessaire de suivre entre 1981 et 1996 l'évo- lution des ventes de vaccin et des taux de couvert u re vaccinale atteints, et de faire un point instantané à l'aide d'une enquête réalisée par la SOFRES et SmithKline Beecham.

Au cours de la seule année 1995, il y a eu autant de vaccinés parmi la population française qu'au cours des 14 années qui ont suivi la mise sur le marché du vaccin (1981). Pour la tranche des 13-15 ans, le taux de couverture atteint 65 %, ce qui est exemplaire.

On peut donc, en ciblant bien l'information, en motivant les i n t é ressés, en l'occunence les jeunes, vaincre la "réticence"

des français face aux vaccinations et permettre une avancée décisive contre une maladie grave, voire mortelle, contre laquelle on dispose d'une arme re m a rquable, efficace, mais jusqu'alors sous-utilisée.

E volution des stratégies vaccinales en France.

Summary:The evolution of vaccination strategies in France

Although the vaccine against hepatitis B was a French discovery, certain international authorities had declared that “in matters of vaccination against hepatitis B, France did not have world leadership”.

The distribution of the vaccine was indeed too much limited to health professionals in the years fol - lowing its commercialization in 1981 ; sales remained modest and were limited to public institu - tions. Only in the last few years has there been decisive progress (both in public and private sectors), thanks to information campaigns and political decisions awakening awareness to the fact that the whole population was concerned and that young adolescents constituted a target group which should be urgently taken into account (since late 1994).

It thus seemed necessary to follow, from 1981 to 1996, the development of vaccine sales and rates of vaccination, as well as to carry out an instantaneous observation through a survey organized by the SOFRES and Smith Kline Beecham, which will be presented in detail.

For 1995 only, there were as many persons vaccinated throughout France as for the 14 previous years preceding the marketing of the vaccine (1981).

For the 13-15 years age group, an exemplary vaccination rate of 65 % was attained.

Through the astute use of information and the motivation of those concerned (young people), the

“reticence” of the French people towards vaccination can be overcome and decisive progress can be made in fighting a serious and sometimes mortal disease, against which we have a remarkable and effective weapon which has, however, been underused until now.

A. Goudeau (1) & F. Denis (2) (3)

(1) Service de bactériologie-virologie, CHU Bretonneau,Bd Tonnelle, 37032 Tours

(2) Service de bactériologie-virologie, CHU Dupuytren,2 av. M.Luther King,87042 Limoges cedex, France.

(3) Communication MR1996/125.Article non parvenu.

Key-words: Hepatitis B - Vaccination - Public health -France

Mots-clés : Hépatite B - Vaccination - Santé publique - France

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