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Representation, Shape, Topology and Evolution of Deformable Surfaces. Application to 3D Medical Image Segmentation

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(1)Representation, Shape, Topology and Evolution of Deformable Surfaces. Application to 3D Medical Image Segmentation Johan Montagnat, Hervé Delingette, Nicolas Scapel, Nicholas Ayache. To cite this version: Johan Montagnat, Hervé Delingette, Nicolas Scapel, Nicholas Ayache. Representation, Shape, Topology and Evolution of Deformable Surfaces. Application to 3D Medical Image Segmentation. [Research Report] RR-3954, INRIA. 2000, pp.69. �inria-00072695�. HAL Id: inria-00072695 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072695 Submitted on 24 May 2006. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE. Representation, shape, topology and evolution of deformable surfaces. Application to 3D medical image segmentation. Johan Montagnat — Hervé Delingette — Nicolas Scapel — Nicholas Ayache. N° 3954 Mai 2000. ISSN 0249-6399. ISRN INRIA/RR--3954--FR+ENG. THÈME 3. apport de recherche.

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(38) . ÐÏ Ë  dÐ sÐ;   ÎjÐÏ  ' ÒKÐ.      . Deformable surface. Discrete models. Discrete meshes (section 2.5). Continuous models. Explicit (parameterized) representation (section 2.3) Polynomial finite support representation. Simplex mesh. Spring-mass model. Triangulation. Level-set Superquadric Deformable template. Finite differences. B-Splines. Implicit representation (section 2.4). Particle systems (section 2.6). Algebraic surface. Hyperquadric. Modal decomposition. Finite elements. {}„Pjvxl~¿A´Ž{}Ä=lRvulRrdt „Yl|Pkmltuvx{‰yŽvxljvxlR†ulrdtw)tu{ƒ|Yr`†1|Y¨‡“l¨©|Yvxk€w ªj¦ƒl†’jvu¨XwYylR†R° #. ƒ:„ 4-ƒ† .

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