ﺔﯿﺒﻌﺸﻟا ﺔﯿﻃاﺮﻘﻣﺪﻟا ﺔﯾﺮﺋاﺰﺠﻟا ﺔﯾرﻮﮭﻤﺠﻟا
ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا و ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺘﻟا ةرازو
يرﻮﺘﻨﻣ ةﻮﺧﻹا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﻨﯿﻄﻨﺴﻗ-
-
ﺔﯿﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻا و ﺔﯿﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹا مﻮﻠﻌﻟا ﺔﯿﻠﻛ
ﺎﯿﻧﻮﻓﻮﻃرﻷا و ﺔﯾﻮﺑﺮﺘﻟا مﻮﻠﻌﻟا و ﺲﻔﻨﻟا ﻢﻠﻋ ﻢﺴﻗ
ﺮﺘﻟا مﻮﻠﻋ و ﺲﻔﻨﻟا ﻢﻠﻋ ﻢﺴﻘﻟ ﺔﯿﻤﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﺔﺑرﺎﻘﻣ
ﺎﯿﻧﻮﻓﻮﻃرﻷا و ﺔﯿﺑ
ﺔﯾﺮﺸﺒﻟا دراﻮﻤﻟا ﺔﯿﻤﻨﺗو ﻲﻤﯿﻈﻨﺘﻟا كﻮﻠﺴﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺮﯿﺘﺴﺟﺎﻤﻟا ةدﺎﮭﺷ ﻞﯿﻨﻟ ﺔﻠﻤﻜﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺳر
ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟا زﺎﺠﻧا فاﺮﺷإ مﺎﺸھ شﻮﺑﺮﻛ :
يدﻮﻤﺣ قاور رﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟا:
ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻨﺠﻟ
:
أ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﮭﻟا ﺎﯿﻛﻮﻟ د.
ذﺎﺘﺳأ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﻌﺘﻟا
ﺔﻨﯿﻄﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺎﺴﯿﺋر
د يدﻮﻤﺣ قاور.
ﺔﻨﯿﻄﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ ذﺎﺘﺳأ
رﺮﻘﻣ و ﺎﻓﺮﺸﻣ ا
د ﺢﺑار ﺐﯾﺎﻌﻟا.
ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ ذﺎﺘﺳأ
ﺔﻨﯿﻄﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ اﻮﻀﻋ ﺎ
د ﻧ ﺔﻔﯿﻟ. ﻦﯾﺪﻟا ﺮﺼ ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ ذﺎﺘﺳأ
ﺔﻨﯿﻄﻨﺴﻗ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ اﻮﻀﻋ ﺎ
ﺔﯿﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟا ﺔﻨﺴﻟا
ﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺚﺤﺒﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻌﺴﻳ ﻻ ﺍﺪﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻧﻮﻘﺒﺳ ﻦﻤﻣ ﻪﻴﺟ
ﻤﺳﺃ ﻥﺎﻓ ﻚﻟﺩ ﻢﻏﺭ ، ﻢﻬﻠﻀﻓ ﺭﺎﻜﻧﺇ ﺩﻮﺤﺠﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﻟ ﻪﻧﺎﻓ ﻚﻟﺪﻟ، ﺭﺎﻤﻀﻤﻟﺍ ـ
ﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻰ ـ
ﻥﺎﻓﺮ ﻭ
ﺀﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻘﺣ ﺀﺎﻄﻋﺇ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﻱﺪﺠﺗ ﻦﻟ ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻓ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺮﺒﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤﻓ،
ﺍ ﻦﺴﺣ ﺎﻨﻟ ﺎﻨﻴﻌﻣ ، ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﺍﺭﻮﺒﺻ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺎﻤﻟﺎﻄﻟ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻑﺍﺮﺷﻹﺍ ﻢﺋﺍﺩ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻤﻟ
ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻮﻀﺤﻟﺍ
" : ﻱﺩﻮﻤﺣ ﻕﺍﻭﺭ ."
ﻭ ، ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺃ ﺏﺍﺮﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻨﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻴﺘﺴﺟﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﻦﺤﻧ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻨﻟﻮﺻﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﻀﻔﻟﺍ ﺐﺣﺎﺻﻭ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﺣﻭ ﻕﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻢﻬﻠﻤﻟﺍ
ﺍ ، ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟ
: ﺎﻴﻛﻮﻟ ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻬﻟﺍ .
ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ :
،ﻪﺗﺭﻮﺸﻣﻭ ﻪﻧﻮﻋ ﺎﻨﺠﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﺍﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺎﻤﻟﺎﻄﻟ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺢﺑﺍﺭ ﺐﻳﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺍﺪﻫ ﺎﻨﻟﺎﺠﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻠﻌﻠﻟ ﺎﻧﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﻭ ﺎﻨﻨﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻴﺒﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻢﻫﺎﺳ ﻱﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻩﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺝﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ
.
ﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﺰﺟ ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻦﻋ ﻞﻔﻏﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺀ
ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷ ﺓﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ، ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ
"
ﻱﺪﻴﻨﺟ
ﺔﻠﺒﻋ ﻕﺍﻭﺭ "
ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺻﺮﺣﻭ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺗﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺘﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻠﻟ ﺫﺎﺘﺳﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺮﻴﺧ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﺑﺎﺘﻣ ، ﻥﻮﻌﻟﺍ
.
ﻮﺘﻛﺪﻠﻟ ﻥﺎﻓﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﻦﻋ ﺮﻴﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺰﺠﻌﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺭ
"
ﻦﺑ، ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﻧ ﻪﻔﻴﻟ
ﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺓﺬﺗﺎﺳﺃ ﻞﻛ ﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻣﺎﺳ ﻂﺑﺍﺮﻣ، ﻥﺎﻤﻳﺇ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺣ ﺎﻨﻨﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﻮﻓﺮﺷﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺝﺭﺪﺘ
ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺪﻗ ﺎﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻭ .
ﻝ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺮﻜﺷ
"
ﺩﺍﺮﻣ ﻲﺻﻼﺧ
"
ﺭﻮﻀﺤﻟﺍ ﻢﺋﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻛ .
ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺯﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻫﺎﺳ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻞﻳﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ ...
. ﻱﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ :
1 . ﺔﻠﻜﺸﳌﺍ :
-1 ﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴ : ...
...
...
...
..
..
. ...
6
- 2 ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺽﻭﺮﻓ :
...
...
...
. ...
. ...
. ...
9
-3 ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ :
...
...
...
. ..
..
...
...
10
- 4 ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ...
...
..
...
. ...
. ....
11
-5 ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻣ :
...
...
...
...
...
..
..
....
. ....
12
- 6 ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ :
...
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13
ﻱﺮﻄﻨﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ :
.2 ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ
.1
ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ :
...
...
...
. ...
..
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19
.2 ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨ ﺡﻮﺘﻔﻣ ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻛ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ :
...
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20
. 3 ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ :
...
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20
.1.3 ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺐﺴﺣ :
...
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20
.2.3 ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺀﺎﻤﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺩ ﺐﺴﺣ :
...
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. ...
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21
ﺎﻬﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻲﻛﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ3.3 :
...
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22
. 4 ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻁﺎﳕﺃ :
...
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23
ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ.1 Blau And Scott ...
...
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23
ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ.2 Etzioni ...
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23
ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ.3 ﺰﻧﻮﺳﺭﺎﺑ ﺕﻮﻜﻟﺎﺗ ...
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. ...
24
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ.4 ...
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24
ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺐﺴﺣ.5 ...
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25
ﺴﺣ.6 ﺐ ﺪﻴﻘﻌﺘﻟﺍ ...
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26
. 5 ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﲰ :
...
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27
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ1.5 :
... . ...
...
27
ﱐﺎﺴﻧﺇ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ2.5 :
...
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27
ﺩﻮﺼﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ3.5 :
...
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27
ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻥﺎﻴﻛ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ4.5 :
...
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28
.5 . . 5 ﻱﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﻥﺎﻴﻛ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ :.
...
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28
.6 ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ...:
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30
. 1.6 ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ : ...
...
. ..
. ...
30
. 2.6 ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ :
...
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. ...
30
. 3.6 ﺔﻴﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ :
...
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31
. 4.6 ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ :
...
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31
. 7 ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻭ :
...
. ...
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38
. 1.7 ﻲﻘﻓﻷﺍ ﺰﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ :
...
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38
. 2.7 ﻲﺳﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ ...
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38
. 3.7 ﰲﺍﺮﻐﳉﺍﻭ ﱐﺎﻜﳌﺍ ﺰﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ ...
...
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38
. 5.7 ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ :
...
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39
. 6.7 ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ ...
...
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39
. 7.7 ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ...
...
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. ...
39
- 8 ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ :
...
...
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....
. ...
40
.1.8 ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ...
. ....
...
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....
. ..
..
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40
.2.8 ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ...
...
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40
.3.8 ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ...
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41
.4.8 ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ...
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41
.5.8 ﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆ ...
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41
.9 ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ..:
...
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43
. 1.9 ﳌﺍ ﻮﳕ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺔﻤﻈﻨ
: ...
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43
. 2.9 ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ :
...
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43
.10 ﺮﺿﺎﳊﺍ ﺮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ...:
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48
. 1.10 ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺮﺼﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ :
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48
. 2.10 ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ...:
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48
.11 ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻜﻣ :
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49
. 1.11 ﻢﺠﳊﺍ : ...
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. 2.11 ﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﳌﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ...
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49
. 3.11 ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﳌﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ...
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. 4.11 ﺕﻼﺧﺪﳌﺍ ...
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50
. 5.11 ﺔﻴﻠﻳﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﲑﻐﺘﻣ ...
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50
- 12 ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ...
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55
.1.12 ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﳌﺍ :
ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﻣ :1980 ....
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55
.2.12 ﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﳌﺍ ﺔ
: ...
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57
.3.12 ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﳌﺍ ...
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57
. 13 ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺓﲑﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ :
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ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﳌﺍ :
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ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﳌﺍ :
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60
.3 ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ :
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. 61
-1 ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ :
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. 64
-2 ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ :
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. 65
-3 ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻛﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﲔﺑ ﻕﺮﻔﻟﺍ :
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67
-4 ﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟ
: ...
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. 68
1.4 ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺎﻬﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟﺍ :
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69
2.4 ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺡﺎﳒ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ )
ﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺔ :(
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71
. 5 ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﻣ :
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72
.6 ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺑ :
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. 74
7 . ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻜﳊﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺷﺆﳌﺍ ...:
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. 9 ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻗ :
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85
-10 ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﻢﻫﺃ :
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90
.4 ﻟﺍ ﻲﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘ :
. 1 ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ :
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. 2 ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻭ :
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96
.3 ﲔﻬﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ...:
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.4 ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﺏﺎﻄﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﻤﻛ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ :
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. 5 ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ :
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104
.6 ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ :
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. 7 ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ :
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ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ :.
.1 ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﺕﺁﺮﺟﻹﺍ :
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121
.1 .1 ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ :
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.1 .1.1 ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﳌﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ :
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2.1.1 ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ :
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123
.2.1 ﺔﻴﻋﻼﻄﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ :
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.3.1 ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﲨ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ :
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4.1 . ﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻕﺪﺻ ﻦ
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.5.1 ﻲﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺸﻴﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ :
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125
.6.1 ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ :
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127
.7.1 ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ : ...
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127
.2 ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﳌﺍ :
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128
.2 .1 ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ :
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1.1.2 ﺔﻳﻭﺆﳌﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ...:
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128
2.1.2 . ﻙ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻌﻃﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ...:2
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128
.3 ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﻭ ﺽﺮﻋ ...:
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. 131
.1.3 ﺔﻳﻭﺆﳌﺍ ﺐﺴﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻜﺘﻟﺍ :
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. 131
ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﳏ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ2.3 :
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135
.3.3 ﻙ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺽﺮﻋ
² ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﲑﻐﺘﻣ
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138
4.3 ﻙ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ
² ﻞﻜﻛ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﲑﻐﺘﻣ ﻊﻃﺎﻘﺘﻟ ....:
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162
5.3 ﻙ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺽﺮﻋ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﲑﻐﺘﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ²
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164
6.3 ﻠﲢ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻴ ...:
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186
ﺔﲤﺎﳋﺍ ...:
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ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ :
ﰐﺄﻳ ﰲ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ
ﻭ ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺑ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋ
ـﺋﺍﻭﺃ ﻦـﻣ ﺎـﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﻞـﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﺴ ـ
ﻞ
ﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺳﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺶﻗﺎﻨﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﺑﺮﺘ
ﻥﺃ ﺎـﻤﻛ ،ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺃ ﰲ
ﺐﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﲔﺑ ﻢﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﻼﻟ ﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻴﳝﺩﺎﻛﻷﺍ ﺙﺎﲝﻸﻟ ﺎﺒﺼﺧ ﻻﺎﳎ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ،ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ
ﻪﺑﺭﺎﻘﻳﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺺﺼﲣ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﳍﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﻝﻭﺎﳛ ﺚﺣﺎﺑ ﻞﻜﻓ ،ﻪﻟ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﻟ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﳋﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺎﺑ .
ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺀﺍﻮﺘﺣﺍ ﻞﻴﺤﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺎﲟﻭ -
ﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﳍﺍ ﺪﺟ ﲔـﺴﲢ ﻦﻋ ﺓﲑﺒﻛ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺑ ﺔﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ
ﻱﺃ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺪﻠﺑ
- ،ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺪـﻘﻓ ﺔﻟﻮﺒﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﺍﺪﺼﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻄﻌﻳ ﻻ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻥﻷ
ﻲﻌﻣﺎـﳉﺍ ﻦﻳﻮـﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻂﺑﺮﻳ ﺡﻮﺘﻔﻣ ﻖﺴﻧ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺎﻨﻳﺄﺗﺭﺍ ﺪﻤﺘﺴﻳ ﺡﻮﺘﻔﻣ ﻖﺴﻧ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻬﺟﻭ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺎﺑ ﻪــﻓﺍﺪﻫﺃ
ﺇ ﻝﻭﺎﳛﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻣ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺒﺷ
،ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻌﻔﻨﳌﺍﻭ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ
ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺍﻭ .
ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻌﺿﻭ ﻥﻭﺩ ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﰲ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﳝ ﻻ ﻲﻤـﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ
ﻠﺘﺨﲟ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﺸﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣﻭ ﺓﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻌﺒﻓ ،ﻖﻠﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ ﰎ ﻦﻣﻭ ﻩﺮﻫﺎـﻈﻣ ﻒ
ﺔـﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ
ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺑ ﻲﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﳘﺃ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺗ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺾﺨﲤ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻓ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺎﻧﺪﻨﻋ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ،
: ﺔﻗﻼﻋ
ﱃﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺎـﺑ ﻖـﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻌـﺻ ﻉﻮـﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺎﳌﻭ ؛ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﺴﺑ ﻲﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ ﻡﻮﻠﻋﻭ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻢﺴﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻗﺭ ﻖﻴﻴﻀﺗ ﺎﻨﻳﺄﺗﺭﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﻹﺍ ﻛ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ
ﺝﺫﻮﻤﻨ
، ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻠﻟ ﰲ ﲔﻴﺋﺎﺼﺧﺃ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺎﻨﻔﺿﺃ
ﺳﺮﻤﺘﻣ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ـ
ﳌﺍ ﰲ ﲔ ـ
ﻚﻟﺬﺑﻭ ،ﻥﺍﺪﻴ
ﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ـ
ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻟ ﲔﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍﻭ ﲔﻧﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻜﺗﺮﺗ ﺔ .
ﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﺑ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌ ﺎﻨﻳﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﺪﻌﺑ ـ
ﺔﻨﻴ ﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎـﻨﻨﻜﻣﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﳍ
ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇ
ﻟﻭﺃ ـ ﺔﻴ ﻚﻟﺪﺑ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﲤ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﻉﻼﻄﺘﺳﺎﻛ ﺖﻠﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻊﺿﻭﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ
ﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ـ
ﺜﻛﺃ ﺢﺒﺼﺘﻟ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﳍﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﰎ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻴ ـ
ﺑﺎﻗ ﺮ ـ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠ ،
ﰲ
ﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺮﺧﺁ ـ
ﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻧﺍﺮ ـ
ﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺘﻠﻟ ﺔ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﻲ
.
ﻗ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ـ ﻳﺮﻌﺘﺑ ﺎﻨﻤ ـ
ﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻒ ـ
ﻋﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﺔﻤ ـ
ﻜﳌﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻬ ـ
ﱃﺇ ﺎﻨﻴﻬـﺘﻧﺍ ﰒ ﺎﳍ ﺔﻧﻮ
ﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ـ
ﻌﺑ ﺎﻬﺼﺋﺎﺼﺧﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﻴﺒﻃﻭ ﺔ ـ
ﻠﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﻫﺪ ـ
ﲢ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻨ ـ
ﺔـﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔـﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﱂﺎﻌﻣ ﺪﻳﺪ
ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬ ﺖﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺑﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﺎﻨﻴﺑﻭ ﻣ
ﻦ ﻪـﺒﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ
، ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﰲ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ
ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﺑ
ﺎﻬ ﺒﺷﻭ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗﻭ ـ
ﺐـﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺎـﻨﻴﺑ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻜ
ﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﱪﻋ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻨﻴﻬﺘﻧﺍﻭ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ـ
ﲔ .
ﻦﻤـﺿ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ ﺎﻨﻐﺼﻓ ،ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﻲﺠﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﰲ ﺹﻮﻐﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻣﺃ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﻧﻷ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻔﺻﻮﻟ ـ
ﳉﺎﻋﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺀﺍﻮﺘﺣﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺪﻗﻷﺍﻭ ﺮﺜﻛﻷﺍ ﻪ ـ
ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﺎﻨ
ﻠﺘﳐ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ـ
ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﲑﻐﺘﳌﺍ ﻒ ـﺃﻭ ،ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ
ـ ـﺜﲝ ﺎﻨﻴ ـ
ﺍﺬـﻫ ﺎﻨ
ﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻠﻟ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﻕﺮﻃ ﺡﺍﺮﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﻪﺠﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺺﻴﺨﻠﺘﺑ ﻦ
ﻭ ﺲﻔﻨـﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻢﺴﻗ ﰲ
ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﻟﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻭ ﺝﺫﻮﻤﻨﻛ .
ﻱﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ :
ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ :
ﺖـﺟﺮﺧ ،ﺓﺩﺎـﳊﺍ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺮﺳ ﺪﻬﺸﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻈﻟﺍ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺓﱪـﳎ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃﻭ ،ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺲﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺪﺑ ﺖﻠﺧﺩﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ
ﻴﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻤﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻋﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻕﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺇ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺪﻘﲟ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﳍﺍ ﻞﻴﻣﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﺣﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔـﻴﻔ
ﻚـﻠﳝ ﻱﺬـﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺎﻓ ،ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﳌﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻻﺃ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺭﺪﻗﻷﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﺣﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﱵـﻟﺍ ﻞـﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﺪﺣﺃ ﺎﺃ ﺫﺇ ، ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ
ﺕﺎـﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍﻭ ﺕﺎـﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺖﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻕﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺎﳍﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺱﺎﻘﺗ ﺕﺎـﻳﻻﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺪﺠﻨﻓ ،ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺮﻓﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺪﻗ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗﻭ ﲔﺴﺤﺘﺑ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ ﺓﺪﻴﳉﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺅﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻑﺮﺼﺗ ﺔﻴﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗﻭ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻳﻮﻨﺳ ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﻠﻣ 70
).
ﻁﻮﻠﺑ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺇ ﻦﺴﺣ
،
(2002
.
ﺕﺍﺭﺪـﻗﻭ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﲔﺴﲢﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺗ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍﻭ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺖﻟﻭﺎﺣ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ ﻢﻴـﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻰـﻘﺒﻳ ﺎـﻫﺩﺍﺮﻓﺃ
ﺎـﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻰﻘﺒﺗﻭ ،ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﺪﻴﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍﻭ
،ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻴﻗ ﺔﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﺀﻮﺒﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﺑ ﻢﺘ
ﻦـﻋ ﺓﺮـﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻔﺼﺑ ﺔﻟﻮﺌﺴﳌﺍ ﻲﻬﻓ
ﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍﻭ،ﺓﲑﺴﳌﺍﻭ،ﺓﺮﻜﻔﳌﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺔﺒﳔ ﺞﻳﺮﲣﻭ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﻉﺎﻄﻗﻭ،ﺔـﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺎﺎﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻯ
ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ . ﲔـﺴﺤﺘﻟ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻢﻫﺃ ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍﻭ ﲔﺟﺮﺨﺘﳌﺍ ﻞﻌﺟ ﺎﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﺏﺎـﺴﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﺀﺎﺟ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺋﺍﺩﺃ ﰲ ﺩﺪﺠﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﶈﺍﻭ ﺎﺭﻭﲑﺳ
ﻔﻨﻣ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﺟ ﻊﻤﺘﳎ ﰲ ﺶﻴﻌﺗ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻣﺃ ،ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺮﻓﺃ ﺲﻓﺎـﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﳌﺎـﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺢﺘ
ﻞﻳﺪـﺒﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﲑﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻛ ﻪﺒﻛﺍﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺎﳍﻮﺧﺩﻭ ،ﺩﺎﳊﺍ ﱯﻨﺟﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺔـﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻮﻤﻨﺗ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺔﻔﺻ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻉﺭﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﱂﺎﻌﻣ ﰲ ﻞﻛ ﺓﺮﻣ ﱴﺣ ﻡﻮﻳ 73
ﺐﺴﺣ 2020
) (1999
،
John Byrne
. ﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴـﺴﲢ ﻦـﻣ ﻪـﻨﻋ ﺮﺠﻨﻳ ﺎﻣ
ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ،ﲑﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﺗ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻦﻜﺗ ﻮﻟ ﺍﺫﺎﻣ ،ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻄﻗ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺕﻼﻳﺪﻌﺗﻭ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎـﺿﺇ ،ﺓﺎـﻴﺤﻠﻟ ﺕﺎـﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺎﺎﺟﺮﳐ ﻥﺃ ﺮﻛﺬﻟﺍ ﻖﺒﺳ ﺎﻣ ﻧﺎﻛ ﻮﻟ ﺍﺫﺎﻤﻓ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻓﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﺪﻤﺘﺴﻳ ﻲﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖ
ﰲ ﻝﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺮﺼﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺰﻛﺮﺗ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺇ ،ﻥﻵﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﺒﻋﻮﺘﺴﺗ ﺎﳑ ﱪﻛﺃ ﺪﻬﻌﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﻲﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﺮﻓ ﻢﻫﺃ ﺪﺣﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺰﻛﺮﻧ ﻑﻮﺳ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻄﻗ
ﻱﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ :
ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻰـﺼﻗﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﲢﻭ ،ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺝﻼﻋﻭ ،ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗﻭ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗﻭ ﲔﺴﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ ﺎﻨﻳﻮﻜﺗ
ﻊـﻤﺘﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋﻭ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﻣ ﲔﺑ ﲑﻄﳋﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﻻﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺇ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﰲ ﻪﺘﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺩ ﻪﺒﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﲟ :
ﻲﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻭ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤ ﺓﲑﻄﺧ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻳ ـﻓ
ﻭﺃ ﺕﲑـﻐﺗ ﺍﺫﺈ
ﻡﺎﻣﻷﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻲﻀﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺗﺭﺪﻗ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ﻞﻜﻛ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﻝﻼﺤﻤﺿﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﻦﺤﻨﻓ ﺖﻠﺘﺧﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺙﺪﺣ .
ﰲ ﺎـﺃ ﻲﻌﻧ ﺎﻨﻠﻌﳚ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﲑﺴﻟ ﲏﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻲﳜﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺒﺘﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﺴﲢﻭ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺪـﻘﻓ ،ﺮﺜﻛﺄﻓ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺐﻠﻄﺗ ﰲ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺎﻬﻴﻠ
ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺕﺎـﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻲـﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﺋﺎﺼﺧﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﺘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃﻭ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺕﺩﺍﺯ ﻭﺃ ﻪـﻴﻓ ﲔﻟﻮﺌـﺴﳌﺍ ﲑﻐﺘـﻳ ﺓﺮـﻣ ﻞﻜﻓ ،ﺔﺤﺿﺍﻭ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻳ ﱂ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ
،ﻞﻐﺸﻟﺍ ﱂﺎﻋ ﻊﻣ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻂﻴﻄﲣ ﱃﺇ ﺀﻮﺠﻠﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ،ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻯﺪـﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃﻭ
ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﻞﻌﺟ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ،ﺪﻴﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺍ،
ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﺡﺮﻄﻳ
، ﺕﺎـﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﻮﻔﻄﻳﻭ
ﻢﻠﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﻣ ﰲ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻛﺍﻮﻳ ﻞﻫ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻛﺆﻳ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﻬﻓ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﺠﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﲑﺸﺗ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋﻭ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺣﺍ
ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﺿ
ﻼﻋ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﻫ ؟ ﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻼﺻﺃ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺗ ﺔﻗ
ﻢﺴﻘ
ﺔﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻧﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻃﻺﻟ
ﻦﻳﻮـﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺔـﻤﻴﻗﻭ ﻯﻭﺪﺟ ﻦﻋ ﻝﺀﺎﺴﺘﻧ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑﻭ ؟
ﻞﻜﻛ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻘﳛ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻱﺃ ﱃﺇ . ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ
ﻪﻨﻣ ﺓﻮﺟﺮﳌﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ
؟ ﰲ ﺔـﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺪـﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﻫ
ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ
، ﻯﺪﻣ ﻱﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺟﺮﺨﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﺼﺗ
ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﰲ
؟ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﳌﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﰲ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ
ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺎﺑ ﻂﻴﶈﺍ ؟
ﺔـﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺩﺎﳚﺇ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻞﻫ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻢﺴﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗ
؟ .
ﺙﺪﺤﺘﻧ ﻦﳓ ﺎﻨﻫ
ﻦﻋ ﻪﲰﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ ﻢﺴﻗ
ﻡﻮـﻠﻋﻭ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ
ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺡﻮﺘﻔﻣ ﻖﺴﻧ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺻﻼﳋ ﺔﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﺗ
ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺟﺮﺨﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻃﻺﻟ ﺔﻔﻇﻮﳌﺍ .
ﺚﻴﲝ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺔﻳﻮﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﻣ ﰲ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻫ ﻲﻄﻌﻳ
ﰲ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ
ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ
ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﲔﺘﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﺧﺄﻛ
ﻲﺋﺎﺼ ﻲﺴﻔﻧ ﰲ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ
؟ ﻼﺒﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ
ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺍ ﺐﳚ ﻚﻟﺩ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌ :
ﺲﻔﻨـﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﻻ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍ ﻖﻔﺘﻳ ﻞﻫ
ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﱪﻌﺗ ﻞﻫ ؟ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻝﻮﺣ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ
؟ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌ ﺔﻴﻠﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﳊﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ
ﻱﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ :
ﺣﻭ ﺍﺪﻫ ﱴﺣ ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﻝﻮﻘﻠﻟ ﻲﻔﻜﻳ ﻻ ﻩﺪ
، ﻑﺍﺪـﻫﻷﺍ ﻩﺪﻫ ﻥﻻ
ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،
ﻯﺮـﺧﺃ ﺔﻠﻀﻌﻣ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﺎﻨﺴﻔﻧﺃ ﺪﳒ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ
، ﻭ
ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻖﻘﺤﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﺟﺎﳊﺍ ﺯﱪﺗ .
ﻑﺍﺪـﻫﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻤﻓ
ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ، ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ ﰲ ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﺎﻨﻟ ﻦﻤﻀﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺮﻓﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ
ﻢﺴﻗ ﻢـﻠﻋ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋﻭ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ
؟
ﻪﻣﺪﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻫﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻘﻘﲢ ﺀﺍﻮﺳﻭ ،
ﺎـﻴﺋﺰﺟ ﻮﻟ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻘﻘﲢ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻚﻟﺩ ﲏﻌﻳ ﻻ
، ﻥﺍ ﺚـﻴﺣ
ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺰﺟ ﻉﻭﺮﻓ ﺙﻼﺛ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ
،
ﺭﺎـﻃﻹﺍ ﻦﻳﻮـﻜﺗ ﻉﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻩﺪﻫ ﺪﺣﻷ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻞﻫ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺕﺍ
؟ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍ .
ﺎﻨﻓﻼﺘﺧﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﲣ ﻞﻫ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻟﺍ
ﻢﺴﻗ ﰲ ﺲﻔﻨـﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ
ﻭ ﺔـﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮـﻠﻋ ﻭ
؟ﺎﻴﻧﻮﻓﻮﻃﺭﻻﺍ
ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻛ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﱪﳋﺍ ﻁﺮﺘﺸﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻪـﺑ ﺕﺀﺎـﺟ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻭ
ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺎ ﻡﺎﻗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻼﻄﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺕﺪﻛﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ،
ﱄﻮﺌـﺴﻣ ﻊـﻣ ﺖـﻳﺮﺟﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﺑ
ﺔـﺳﺎﻣ ﺔﺟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﻦﻳﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺀﻻﺆﻫ ﻥﺃ ﲔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﲔﻴﺋﺎﺼﺧﻸﻟ ﺔﻔﻇﻮﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺪﻌﺑ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎـﺿﺇ ﻢﻬﻣﺎﻬﻣ ﻊﻣ ﻒﻴﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻠﻗﺄﺘﻠﻟ ﺎﻴﺒﺴﻧ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ﺔﻴﻨﻣﺯ ﺓﺮﺘﻓ ﱃﺇ ﻭ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻠﻜﻴﻫ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﰲﺎﺿﺇ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﰲ ﲑﺒﻛ ﺪﻬﺟ .
ﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ ﻪـﻟ ﻲﻌﻣﺎـﺟ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﻉﺮﻔﻛ ﻢ
ﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﺺ ﺔﻴﻨﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﲑﺧﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻣﺪﳋﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ
، ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﺻﺎﺧ ﺎﺑﻮﻠﺳﺃ ﺎﻨﺠﻬﺘﻧﺍ
ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻭ ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺪﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﻛ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺽﻭﺮﻓ ﺕﺀﺎﺟ
:
ﻱﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ :
-2 ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺽﻭﺮﻓ :
ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ :
ﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﻖﻔﺘﻳ ﻥﻮﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍ
ﻭ ﺔـﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮـﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻢﺴﻗ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻟ
ﻴﻧﻮﻓﻮﻃﺭﻻﺍ ﺎ
ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻠﻟ .
ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺰﳉﺍ
:
ﻥﻮﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﻖﻔﺘﻳ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻟ
ﺕﺎـﺟﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﲡﺎﻧ ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻥﺃ
ﻊﻤﺘﺍ . ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺰﳉﺍ
:
ﺎﻤﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﻖﻔﺘﻳ ﻥﻮﺳﺭ
ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻟ ﺔـﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻴﻧﻮﻓﻮﻃﺭﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋﻭ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻢﺴﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺎ
.
ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ
ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺰﳉﺍ
:
- ﻦـﻣ ﺔﲡﺎﻧ ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻢﻬﺴﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺕﺎﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻥﻮﻧﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﻖﻔﺘﻳ
ﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﺣ ﻊﻤﺘ
.
- ﻦﻣ ﺔﲡﺎﻧ ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻢﺎﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻥﻮﻴﻧﺎﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍ ﻖﻔﺘﻳ
ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﺣ .
ﺕﺎﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺮﺟﻹﺍ
ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺰﳉﺍ
:
- ﻖـﻴﻘﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻬﺴﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺕﺎﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻥﻮﻧﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﻖﻔﺘﻳ
ﻢﺴﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻴﻧﻮﻓﻮﻃﺭﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋﻭ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ
ﺎ .
- ﻖـﻴﻘﲢ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﺎﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﻥﻮﻴﻧﺎﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﺳﺭﺎﻤﳌﺍ ﻖﻔﺘﻳ
ﻴﻧﻮﻓﻮﻃﺭﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋﻭ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻢﺴﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺎ
.
