41 ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﻛ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ : ﱎﺎﻐﺘﺴﲟ ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ
ﺃ . ﺓﺮﻫﺰﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻃﺎﻓ ﺔﻣﺎﻧ ﻦﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻤﻠﺗ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﱐﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﻹﺍ ﺪﻳﱪﻟﺍ : benama.fn@hotmail.com ﺩ . ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻝﻭﺃ ﺖﺑﺎﺗ ﻲﺷﺎﻌﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻤﻠﺗ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﱐﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﻹﺍ ﺪﻳﱪﻟﺍ : Tabet_wassila@yahoo.fr ﺺﺨﻠﻣ : ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌ ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻞﻐﺸﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻔﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻌﺑ ، ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻰﻤﻈﻋ ، ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻐﺸﻧﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺄﻓ ، ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﰲ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻴﻠﶈﺍ ﻕﺍﻮﺳﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻛﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻰﻌﺴﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺃ ﱀﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻲﻗﻼﺧ ، ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻗ ﺎﳑ ﺎﻛﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻭ ﺘﻫﺍ ﻤ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺎﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻲﻛ ﺎﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺝﺭﺪﻨﺗ ، ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﲔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻮﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺗ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺄﻓ ﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌ ﺢﻴﺤ . ﺍﺬﻟ ﺳ ﺘﻨ ﻕﺮﻄ ﻝﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﱃﺇ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻭ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻣﺍﺪﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺓﺰﻴﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻭ ﺍﺬﻛ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ . ﺔﻴﺣﺎﺘﻔﻣ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻛ : ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ – ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ -ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﱀﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ . Abstract:
After it was double the profit the main concern of business organizations, have become moral issues today are of great importance, becoming competitive ethics of the major concerns of economic organizations, especially in the reality of local and international markets ; the organizations seek to realize the target basis of survival through the acquisition of competitive advantages that has on ethical trend towards the different stakeholders. That led to the organizations are more aware and interested in to be its decision moral and fall within the competitive strategies, making organizations seek to out perform competitors through the proper use of standards competition moral rather.
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So we will look at this article to what business ethics and their role in achieving a sustainable competitive advantage for the organization, as well as the reality of business ethics in the Algerian organization.
Key words: business organizations – business ethics - competitive advantage -
stakeholders - ethical competitive.
ﻣﺪﻘﻣ ـ ﺔ: ﺓﺪﻌﺻﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﲨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﺻﺎﳊﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻭ ، ﻻﺍ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺗ ﻊﻣ ﺔﳌﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻮﳓ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻭ ﺔﺼﺨﺼﳋﺍ ﺔﻴﺿﺍﺮﺘﻓﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺭﻮﻬﻇﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﺮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺢﻣﻼﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﲑﻏ ، ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺮﳋﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﻘﻓﺍﺭ ﺲﺳﻷﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻒﻌﺿ ﻦﻋ ﺖﺠﺘﻧ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺢﺋﺎﻀﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺪﶈﺍ ﰲ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻣ ﺎﻋﻮﻧ ﺩﺎﻌﺘﺑﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻄﺸﻧﻷ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻞﻛ ،ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻸﻟ ﺔﻬﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻉﺎﺴﺗﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻭ ﻝﺎﳘﺇ ﺪﺣ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺢﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﳌﺍ ﺎﻫﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ، ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺳ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﲑﻜﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﺑ ﲔﻤﺘﻬﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺛﺃ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺍ ﻭ ﻮﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺑ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﺿﻭ ﻒﻴﻜﺘﻠﻟ ﺎﻴﻌﺳ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻣ ﻨﺗ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎ ﻮﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻣ ،ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﻣﺎﻀﻣ ﻊﻣ ﻰﺷﺎﻤﺘﻳ ﻞﻜﺸﺑﻭ ﻭ ﻦﺋﺎﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﳚ ﺎﲟ ﲔﻌﻨﺘﻘﻣ ﺑ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺄ ﺎﻌﺗ ﺔﻣﻮﳝﺩ ﻦﻤﻀﻳ ﻞﻜﺸﺑﻭ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﻲﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﻣ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺰﻴﳝ ﺍﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺬﲣﺍ ﺪﻗ ﻦﺋﺎﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﻞﻣ ﺎﻬﻌﻣ . ﳌﺍ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺄﻓ ﻮﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺗ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﲔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﻠﻟ ﺱﺎﺳﺄﻛ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ . ﺱﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﺡﺮﻃ ﰎ : ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺓﺰﻴﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﻞﻫ ؟ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻓﺒ ﺔـﺻﺎﺧ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺒﺋﺎﻏ ﻝﺍﺰﺗ ﻻ ﺎﺃ ﻻﺇ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺎ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻭ ، ﺔﻔﻠﻜﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺪﻗ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻥﺄﺑ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻚﻟﺫ ﰲ ﺐﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﻟ ﻭ ﻊﻔﻨﻟﺎـﺑ ﺩﻮﻌﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺬﻟ ﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﺎﻧﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻊﻗﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮ ﺔﻴﻐﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﻂﻴﻠﺴﺗ ﻦـﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﰲ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﻭ ، ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺎﺑ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ ﻂﺑﺭ ﺎﳍ ﻭ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺽﺮﻋ ﺎﻬﻃﺎﺸﻧ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ، ﻭ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺎﶈﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻧ ﻑﻮﺳ : ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ؛ -ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻠﻟ ﺔﻘﻟﺎﺧ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﻛ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ؛ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ – ﱎﺎﻐﺘﺴﲟ ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ .
43 ﺭﻮﶈﺍ 1 : ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ 1 . ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻣ : ﺕﺯﺮﻓﺃ ﺪﻘﻟ ﻥﺎﻴﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﻃ ﰲ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﳌﺎﻃ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺔﳌﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻲﻠﶈﺍ ﻭﺃ ﱐﻮﻜﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ، ﻑﺪﻬﻛ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﻳ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻗﻭ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻦﻤﻀﻳ ﺎﻫﺩﻮﺟﻮﻓ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻭ ، ﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺔﻳﺅﺭ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﻳ ﺎﻬﺋﺎﻘﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﻝﻮﻤﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻒﺼﺘﺗ ﻯﺪ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻣﺯﻼﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺪﺸﺣ ، ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﺍﻮﺳﻷﺍ ﻭﺰﻐﻟ ﺔﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ ﺓﺪﻋ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺁ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﶈﺍ . 1.1 . ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ : ﻑﺮﻌﻳ " ﺮﺗﺭﻮﺑ " ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻕﺮﻃ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﺻﻮﺗ ﺩﺮﺠﲟ ﺄﺸﻨﺗ ﺎﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﲔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ ، ﻭﺪﻘﲟ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺎﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﻣ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﻻﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺪﻴﺴﲡ ﺎﻫﺭ ﻭ ﺮﺧﺃ ﲎﻌﲟ ﻊﺳﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻪﻣﻮﻬﻔﲟ ﻉﺍﺪﺑﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺇ ﺩﺮﺠﲟ . 1 ﻢﻴﻗ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺢﻴﺘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﳌﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﳌﺍ ﺎﺄﺑ ﻑﺮﻌﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ ﺀﻼﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﻮﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻢﳍ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻳ ﺎﻤﻋ ﻭ ، ﺪﻛﺆﻳ ﺎﻫﺰﻴﲤ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻠﺒﻘﺘﻳ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﺀﻼﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻬﺟﻭ ﻦﻣ ﲔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺀﻻﺆﻫ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻬﻓﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ، ﻊﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﳌﺍ ﻢﳍ ﻖﻘﳛ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻭ ﻥﻭﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﻥﻮﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻮﻔﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍ ، 2 ﻑﺮﻌﺗﻭ ﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺒﺗﺇ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﻪﻘﻴﻘﲢ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻕﻮﻔﺗ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺰﻴﻣ ﺎﺄﺑ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺲﻓﺎﻨ . 3 ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺴﻧ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺃ ﺎﻫﺮﻫﻮﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﻠﻟ ﻪﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺰﻛﺮﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻪﻧ ، ﺃﻻ ﻭ ﻉﺍﺪﺑﻹﺍ ﻮﻫ ، ﻞﻴﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﻭﺃ ﺲﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻭ ﺝﻮﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﻮﺟ ، ﻦﻣ ﻪﻧﺍ ﻻﺇ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﻔﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻬﻠﻫﺆﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺎﳑ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﲔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻫﺰﻴﲤ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺾﻔﺧ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺡﺎﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ، ﻊﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻣﻮﳝﺩ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺎﻣﻷﺎﻛ ﺎ ﻥﻮﻨﻣﺆﻳ ﺕﺎﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌ ﻦﺋﺎﺑﺰﻠﻟ ﻭ ﺔﻌﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺸﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫﲑﻏ . 2.1 . ﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷ : ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺭ ﲔﻋﻮﻧ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ : ﻞﻗﻷﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﻣ : ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻣ ، ﻊﻴﻨﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺗ ﻞﻗﺄﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺗ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻭ ، ﺪﺋﺍﻮﻋ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺎﲟ ﺃ ﱪﻛ ؛ 1 ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺱﻭﺩﺒﻋ ، ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ، ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺔﻟﺎﺴﺭ ، ﻥﺎﺴﻤﻠﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ، 2006 ، ﺹ 34 2 ﻲﻤﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ، ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ، ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻟ ﺏﻴﺭﻏ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ 2001 ، ﺹ 104 3 لﻴﻠﺨ ﻲﺴﺭﻤ لﻴﺒﻨ ، لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻟﺍ ، ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻹﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ، 1998 ، ﺹ 37 .
44 ﺞﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﺰﻴﻴﲤ : ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻪﻟ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻬﺟﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﻔﺗﺮﻣ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ . 4 3.1 . ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ : ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﱂﺎﻋ ﰲ ﺓﺪﻳﺍﺰﺘﻣ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ ﺪﻌﺗ ﱂ ﻞﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﺼﺘﻘﻣ ﺔﺟﺎﺣ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻣﺍﺪﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺎﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﲔﺴﲢ ﰲ ﺐﻏﺮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﱴﺣ ، ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺎﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺕﺍﺭﺪﻗ ﻚﻠﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ : ﻊﻓﺭ ﳌﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴ ﳌﺍ ﺸﻴﻌ ﻲ ﻷ ﺎﻬﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓ ، ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺃ ﺔﺸﻴﻌﻣ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻥﻷ ؛ -ﺀﺎﻘﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﺿ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺲﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎ ﻞﺜﻣﺍ ﻝﻼﻐﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺋﺍﺩﺃ ﲔﺴﲢ ؛ ﻕﺍﻮﺳﻷﺍ ﻕﺍﺮﺘﺧﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻔﺑ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺪﺟ ﻭ ﻡﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ؛ -ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﺔﻴﻗﻮﺳ ﺔﺼﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﺇ ﻭ ﲔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺎﺑ ﺎﺳﺎﻴﻗ ﱪﻛﺍ . 5 ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﳋﺍ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﲏﺒﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑﻻ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟﻭ ﻭ ﻂﻄﳋﺍ ﻱﺭﻮﻓ ﻞﻤﻋ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺒﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺞﺘﻨﻣ ، ﺍ ﻝﻼﻐﺘﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﻞﺜﻣﻷ ﻭ ، ﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻥ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻣ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻄﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺪﺋﺍﺭ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﺑ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ . ﻭ ﺍ ﻑﺮﻌﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﺎﺃ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﳌﺍ ﻖﻠﲞ ﻢﺘ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ، 6 ﻞﻤﺸﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺔﻌﺑﺭﺃ ﻭ ﻲﻫ : ﺓﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﻒﻌﻀﻟﺍ ، ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺪﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ، ﺹﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﻳﺪﻬﺘﻟﺍ ، ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻥﺫﺇ ﺪﻗ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺀﺍﺭﺪﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺎﲟ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﳍ ﺱﺎﺳﺄﻛ ، ﺪﺑ ﻻ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺎﺑ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻭ ﺎﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﻛﺄﺘﻣ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﳚ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﺎﲟ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗ . 4 لﻴﻠﺨ ﻲﺴﺭﻤ لﻴﺒﻨ ، ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ﺹ ، 84 5 ﻥﺴﺤﻤ ﺃ ﻱﺭﻴﻀﺨﻟﺍ ﺩﻤﺤ ، ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺜﺍﺩﺤﻭ ﺔﺜﺍﺩﺤﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍ ، ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ ، 2006 ﺹ ، 128 6 ﺔﻴﻤﻭﺭﻜ ﻥﺎﺴﻤ ، ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺇ ﺓﺯﻴﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺅﺴﻤﻟﺍ ، ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺔﻟﺎﺴﺭ ، ﻥﺎﺴﻤﻠﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ، 2010 ﺹ ، 70
45 4.1 . ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ : ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ : -ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ : ﻦﻣ ﺾﻔﲣ ﻥﺃ ﺖﻋﺎﻄﺘﺳﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺓﺰﻴﻣ ﻖﻘﲢ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﺗ ﺮﻌﺳ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﻊﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﳝ ﺚﻴﲝ ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻠﻜﺗ ﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗ ﻭ ﺢﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺒﻛ ﺭﺪﻗ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ؛ -ﺰﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ : ﰲ ﺩﺮﻔﻨﺗ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻔﻣ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﻹﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺰﻜﺗﺮﺗ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺽﺮﻋ ﺎﺑﺰﻠﻟ ﺎﻣ ﺝﻮﺘﻨﻣ ؛ﺪﺋﺍﺯ ﺮﻌﺳ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺓﺪﻴﺟ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﻭﺫ ﻦﺋ -ﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳ : ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﺣ ﻉﺎﺒﺷﺇ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺓﺰﻴﻣ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﱃﺇ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﻑﺪ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﻭﺪﳏ ﰲﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻕﻮﺴﻟ ﻭﺃ ﲔﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤ . 7 2 . ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ : ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺘﻣ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺎﺑ ﺖﻴﻈﺣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺢﺒﺻﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺕﺎﻧﻭﺪﻣ ﺭﺍﺪﺻﻹ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﺘﺗ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺻ ﺪﻴﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺯﱪﺗ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺢﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﳏ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺖﻠﺣ ﻞﻇ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ﺩﻮﻘﻌﻟ ﺕﺎﻣﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ . 1.2 . ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ : ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷ ﺩﺪﳏ ، ﲔﺼﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺎﻓ ﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﳍ ﲔﺳﺭﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻫﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ﺍﻮﻟﻭﺎﺣ ﻭ ﻪﻟﻮﻟﺪﻣ ﻭ ، ﻒﻳﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ : ﺎﻬﻓﺮﻋ " Peter Drucker " ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻧﻼﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﰿﺎﻌﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﺄﺑ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻳﺩﺆﳌﺍ . 8 ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻤﻴ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻭ ﰲ ﻦﻳﺮﻳﺪﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻁﻮﻄﺧ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﺻ ﻭ ﺔﺣﺎﺘﳌﺍ ﻞﺋﺍﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﻲﺿﺮﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﱀﺎﺼﳌﺍ . ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺎﺄﺑ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﲑﺸﻳﻭ ﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻮﺗ ﰲ ﺓﺍﻭﺎﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻬﻳﱰﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﶈﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ . 9 7 ﺭﻭﺘﺒﺤ ﻥﺒ ﺢﻟﺎﺼ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ، ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ، ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤ ﻡﻟﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ، ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﺓﺭﻴﺴﻤﻟﺍ 2007 ﺹ ، 228 8 ﻡﺠﻨ ﺩﻭﺒﻋ ﻡﺠﻨ ، لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺅﺴﻤﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺨﺃ ، ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﻟﺍ ، 2006 ، ﺹ 17
46 ﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﲑﺸﺗ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻥﺇ ﳏ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﻭﺃ ﺉ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﺐﳚ ﺓﺩﺪ ﻭ ، ﺎﺄﺑ ﺎﻬﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻞﺋﺎﺳ ﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺓﺬﺨﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﻮﻤﻠﳌﺍ ﻢﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻠﻋﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﳉﺍ . 10 ﻓ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺴﻧ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻤ : - ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﱃﺇ ﲑﺸﺗ ﺀﺍﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺩﻮﻘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﻢﻬﻬﺟﻮﺗ ؛ - ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺃ ﲎﺒﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ؛ -ﳚ ﰲ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺐ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﻷﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻛﻮﻠﺳ ﺎﻬﻌﻣ . ﻭ ﺘﻬﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻈﻧﺃ ﻂﳏ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻰﺤﻨﳌﺍ ﺖﻠﻌﺟ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻌﻟ ﲔﻤ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﲔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺎﻣ ﻲﻠﻳ : -ﺎﺎﻘﻔﺻ ﰲ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻥﺄﺑ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺘﳌﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻘﻌﺗ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻞﻗﺃ ﺎﺎﻴﻛﻮﻠﺳ ﻭ ﻞﺧﺍﺪﺗ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺟﺎﳊﺍ ﻒﺸﻜﻳ ﺎﳑ ﱀﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ؛ -ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﰲ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ، ﻥﺃ ﻯﺮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺋﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻙﺎﻨﻬﻓ ﻢﻴﻈﻌﺗ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻬﺋﺎﻘﺑ ﻞﺟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺪ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺡﺎﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﺿﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻖﻓﺍﺮﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ؛ -ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﺋﺍﺮﺟ ﺪﻳﺍﺰﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌﺎﺑ ﺔﻠﺨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺎﻬﺘﻧﻻﺍ ؛ 11 ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﺀﺎﺳﺭﺇ " ﺔﻤﻛﻮﳊﺍ " ﻭ ، ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺡﻭﺮﺑ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ؛ -ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺮﻓﺃ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻃ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﺍ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﺗ ﻦﻟ ﺎﺄﺑ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻢﻴﻗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻻﺇ ﻢﻬﺋﻻﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻞﻴﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺑﺎﳚﺇ ﺲﻜﻌﻨﺗ ﺓﺩﺪﳏ ﻭ ﺞﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻥﻮﺑﺰﻟﺍ ؛ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻼﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺩﺎﺟ ﺕﺍﻮﻋﺩ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻌﺼﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲏﻬﳌﺍ . 12 2 . 2 . ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ : 9 ،ﺢﻟﺎﺼ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ،ﻱﺭﻭﺩﻟﺍ ﻙﻠﻁﻤ ﺎﻴﺭﻜﺯ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺩﻟﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﻱﺭﻭﺯﺎﻴﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻲﻜﻭﻠﺴ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ، 2009 ﺹ ، 434 10
André BOYER, l’impossible éthique des entreprises, éditions d’organisation, 2002, p 04
11 ﻡﺠﻨ ﺩﻭﺒﻋ ﻡﺠﻨ ، ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ، ﺹ 12 12 ﺓﺩﻴﺸﺭﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺨﺃﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ " ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻟﺍ "، ﺹ 03 ، doc iefpedia.com-www.
47 ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﳌﺎﺑ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻭ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻭﺫ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻌﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺢﺋﺍﺮﺷ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﳌ ﺔﻐﻟﺎﺑ ، ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﲟ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻱﻮﻘﻳ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻭ ﻕﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻳ ﻖﻴﺿ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﲟ ﺎﻬﳊﺎﺼﻣ ﻯﺮﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺎﳍ ﻖﻘﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﰲ ﺪﺴﺠﺘﺗ ﺓﺩﺪﳏ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺐﻋﻮﺘﺴﻳ ﻻ ﲑﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﺋﺍﻮﻓ ، ﰲ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﺟ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﲢ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺪﺋﺍﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﺎﻓ ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ : -ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﲔﺑ ﰊﺎﳚﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻪﻘﻘﲢ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﱄﺎﳌﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺮﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻳﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺤﺿﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﺳ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻓ ﲑﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻦﻜﻳ ﱂ ﻥﺇ ؛ -ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻫﺎﲡ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺍﲑﺜﻛ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻒﻠﻜﺘﺗ ﺪﻗ ، ﻊﻀﻳ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﺘﻟﺎﻓ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﻯﻭﺎﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ؛ -ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻋ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﻥﺇ " ISO 9000 " ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻥﺮﺘﻘﻳ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻥﻮﻤﻀﲟ ﺎﻓﺍﺮﺘﻋﺍ ﺎﺎﻴﻃ ﰲ ﻞﻤﲢ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺎﺑ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺍﺬﻟ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ؛ - ﺔﻴﻠﶈﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻌﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﲰ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ . 13 ﺣﻭ ﺐﺴ " Donald son ، Davis " ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﱪﻠﻟ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ : -ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻝﺎﻌﻓﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺢﻨﻣ ؛ -ﻲﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ؛ -ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﲔﺴﲢ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍ ؛ -ﻚﺴﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﻋﺩ ﻭ ؛ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﻮﺟ ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﲟ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻟﺍ -ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻢﻴﻗ ﺮﺛﺄﺑ ﻚﺴﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺘﻟﺎﺳﺭ . 14 ﱄﺎﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺋﺍﺩﺃﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲﻭ ، ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﲑﺸﺘﻓ ﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺎﺳﻮﻣﺎﻗ ﺎﳍﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﰲ ﻊﺒﺘﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺖﻗﻮﻔﺗ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﻘﻘﺣ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻚﻠﺘﲤ ﻻ ﱵﻟﺍ 13 ،ﻲﺒﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻨﻤ ،ﻱﺭﻤﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺢﻟﺎﺼ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ،لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺨﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺅﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻟﺍ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻟ لﺌﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ،ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ 2008 ﺹ ، 136 14 ﻱﺩﻴﻀﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﷲﺍ ﺩﻋﻭ ﻥﻌﻤ ، ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤﻟﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺨﺃ ، ﺹ 04 . doc – www. iefpedia.co
48 ﺱﻮﻣﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻭ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻥﺎﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺎﺑ ﰲ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﲑﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻮﳓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻬﺴﻳ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﳑ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻣﺍﺪﺘﺳﺍ . ﺭﻮﶈﺍ 2 : ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻠﻟ ﺔﻘﻟﺎﺧ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﻛ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻈﻳ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻕﻼﺧﻷﺎﺑ ﺎﳍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻻ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭ ، ﺔﺟﺍﺬﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻧﺍ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻟﻮﻘﲟ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻬﺸﺘﺴﻳ " Business Is Business " ، ﻱﺃ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭ ﺹﺎﳋﺍ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﳌﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺡﺎﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻌﺗ ، ﺗ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻊﻓﺍﻭﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﲑﻐﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﳑ ﲑﻏ ﺮﻣﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﳊﺍﻭ ، ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻓ ﻭ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻛﻮﻠﺳ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﺎﻷ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﺔﻫﺎﻓﺭ ﻭ ، ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺣﺎﳒ ﰲ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻺﻟ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﺋﺎﻇﻮﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ . 1 . ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺪﻴﺴﲡ : ﻦﻣ ﻞﺿﺎﻨﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺃ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺇ ﻞﺟ ﻭ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﻑﺪ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﺜﳌﺍ ﻭ ، ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺃ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻥﻮﻟﻭﺎﳛ ﲔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﻳﺪﳌﺍ ﻥﺎﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺢﺑﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺇ ﱐﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻥﺁ ﰲ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ، ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺭﺎﻌﺷ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ " ﺎﻣ ﻞﻫ ﺎﳍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻝﺩﺎﻋ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻭ ؟ﺎﻬﻌﻣ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﳉ 15 ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﲑﻏ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺰﻴﳝ ﺎﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻮﳓ ﲔﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻬﺟ ﺖﻬﺟﻮﺗ ،ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺷﺃ ﺪﻘﻠﻓ ﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻗ ﻭ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﺘﻣ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﻚﻠﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ : -ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﳉﺍ ﻮﳓ ﺔﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺤﺿﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺅﺮﺑ ﻅﺎﻔﺘﺣﻻﺍ ؛ -ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﻳﺅﺮﻟ ﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺄﻓﺎﻜﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ؛ -ﺍﺩﺎﻌﺑﺃ ﺔﻨﻤﻀﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺫﺎﲣﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺩﻮﺴﺗ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ . 16 ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﲎﺒﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺃ ﱪﻛ ﻭ ﰲ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﳑ ﺪﻌﺑﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺰﻜﺗﺮﻣ ﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺎﻛﻮﻠﺳ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻧﻭﺪﻣ ، ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻄﺸﻧﺃ ﰲ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺪﺴﲡ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻻ 15
Jean marie mira, " mon management éthique en pratique dans les établissements sociaux et
médicaux sociaux, éd Seli Arslan, 2OO7, p 143
16 ،ﺭﻭﺼﻨﻤ ﻥﺒ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ،ﻕﻼﺨﻷﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺸﺇ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻤﻠﺘ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﺃ 2009 ﺹ ، 189
49 ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ ﲔﺑ ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺮﲞ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺧﺃ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﺑ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﻮﻗ ﻲﻗﻼ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻜﺗﺮﳌﺍ ﺪﻴﺴﺠﺘﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﺑ ﺖﻴﻈﺣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺟﻭﺃ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻛﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ : -ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ : ﻟ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺖﻴﻈﺣ ﺪﻘ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﻪﺟﻭﺃ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻜﺗﺮﳌﺍ ﺪﻴﺴﺠﺘﻟ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻌﺑ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺪﻴﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻡﺪﲣ ﺎﺈﻓ ﻭ ﻕﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﺘﻣ ﺔﻌﲰ ﲏﺒﺗ ، ﻓ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻜﺗﺮﳌﺎ ﻋ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺓﲑﺜﻛ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺪﺴﺠﺘﺗ ﺎﻬﻴﻠ : ﺞﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻝﺎﳎ ، ﻂﻴﻄﲣ ﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﻗﺭ ، ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ؛ -ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ : ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﳌﺍ ﻱﻮﻴﳊﺍ ﻝﺎﺍ ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﻟﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺱﺭﺎﲤ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﰲ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻛﻮﻠﺳ ﻭ ﻢﻜﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺎﺄﺑ ﻖﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻗﻮﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻓﺮﺼﺗ ﲔ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻘﻠﺧ ﻢﻴﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻠﻤﳛ ﺎﲟ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻲﻘﻳﻮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺢﺿﺍﻭ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﺗ ﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺞﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﰲ ﺪﺷﺮﻣ ﻢﻴﻘ ﻥﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻥﻮﻤﻀﻣ ، ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺬﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ، ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ، ﲑﻌﺴﺘﻟﺍ ، ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍ ، ﺞﻳﻭﺮﺘﻟﺍ ؛ -ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﻭ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﶈﺍ : ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻛﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺎﺑ ﺀﻲﻠﻣ ﻞﻘﺣ ﺔﻴﺒﺳﺎﶈﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﰲ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺄﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻝﺎﺍ : ﻖﻴﻗﺪﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﻻﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺳﺎﶈﺍ ؛ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻭ : ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺪﻴﺴﲡ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷﺍ ﻞﻤﳎ ﻲﻄﻐﺗ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ : ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ، ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ، ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ، ﺍﺩﺃ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺀ . 17 ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻥﺇ ﻭ ﺰﺋﺎﻛﺭ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺎﻫﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﻱﺮﳚ ﻥﺃ ﺪﺑ ﻻ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ، ﺩﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺓ ، ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﻭ ﻟﺍ ﻞﻛﺎﻴﳍﺍ ﻴﻈﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻤ . ﺃ/ ﺔﻳﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻕﻼﺧﻷﺍ : ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺲﺳﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺀﺍﺭﺪﳌﺎﻓ ، ﻭ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺷﻹﺍ ﺐﳚ ﻕﺪﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺀﻻﺆﻫ ﻑﺎﺼﺗﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻢﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺲﻜﻌﻨﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻭ ﻢﺎﻴﻛﻮﻠﺳ ﻭ ، ﺐﺗﺮﺘﻳ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻕﺮﻃ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻭ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺠﺸﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﳚﺇ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﻟ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ؛ 17 ﻱﺭﻤﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺢﻟﺎﺼ ،ﻲﺒﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻨﻤ – ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ﺹ 231
50 ﺏ / ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ : ﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺓﺄﻓﺎﻜﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﺃ ﻡﺍﺪﺨ ﻭ ﰲ ﺎﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻞﻋﺎﻓ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻻﺪﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻭ ، ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺄﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﻥﺇ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻛﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻗﺎﻌﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟ ﺔﲰﺎﳊﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻜﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻌﻳ ﺔﻀﻗﺎﻨﳌﺍ ؛ ﺝ / ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻛﺎﻴﳍﺍ ﻟﺍ ﻴﻈﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻤ : ﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺘﻟ ﺀﺍﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻛﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻤﻈﻨﳌﺎﺑ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﺢﺒﺼﺘﻟ ﺔ ، ﻛ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺎ ﻴﻈﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻤ ، ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﳌﺍ ، ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ، ﻍﻼﺑﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ . 18 2 . ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﺇ : ﻥﺇ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺇ ﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻞﻛ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺹﺮﳛ ﻥﺃ ﺐﳚ ﺮﻣﺃ ﻮﻫ ﻕﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻤﻈﻨ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﻦﻟ ﺔ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺠﻛ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﻢﻬﻣﺰﻠﺗ ﻥﻷ ﺔﺟﺎﲝ ﻲﻫ ﻞﺑ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻢﺎﻋﺎﻨﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺄﺑ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﻧﺈﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﲑﻏ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣﻭ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﳌﺍ ﻑﺮﻋ ﰲ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻤﻈﻨ ﻡﺰﺘﻠﻳ ﻲﻜﻟ ﺔ ﻊﻴﻤﳉﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻩﺬ ﻝﻼﺧﺇ ﻞﻛ ﻊﻣ ﻡﺰﲝ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑ ﻻ ، ﻛ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﰲﻭ ﺮﻳﺭﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺏﺬﻜﻟﺎ ، ﺡﻭﺭ ﺪﺧ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺀﺍﺬﻳﻹﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺍ ﻉ ﻞﻴﻤﻋ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟ ﻡﺪﻘﺘﻣ ﻭﺃ ، ﻝﻮﺒﻗ ﺀﻼﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺎﻳﺍﺪﻫ . ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺐﳚ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺺﳜ ﺮﻣﺃ ﻞﻛ ﻊﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺓﺪﺷ ﻞﻜﺑ ، ﻓ ﺮﻣﺃ ﻮﻫ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺮﳊﺎ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﲏﻳﺩﻭ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﺃ ، ﻓ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﺃ ﻉﺎﺒﺗﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺄ ، ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺎﻓ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﺗ " Just in time " ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻮﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﺗ ﺎﻷ ﺩﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﺪﻳﺭﻮﺘﻟ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ، ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﺗ ﺎﺈﻓ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ "
Total Productive Maintenance " ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺮﻓﻮﺘﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺳ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺡﻭﺭ ﻥﻷ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﺗ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻕﺮﻓ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﳋﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟ ، ﺕﺎﻔﻟﺎﲢ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ " Strategic Alliances " ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻮﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﲔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍﻭ ﻭ ، ﻰﻠﻋ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻢﻈﻧ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗﻭ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷﺎﺑ ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ " Six Sigma " ﻪﻧﻷ ﻉﻮﺟﺮﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺔﻗﺩﺎﺻﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺔﻴﳜﺭﺎﺗ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟ . 19 ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﻘﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﻣ ﰲ ﺎﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺐﻌﻠﺗﻭ ، ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺄﺑ ﻳ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﺃ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺢﺋﺎﻀﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﰲ ﻊﻘ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻫﺎﻈﻣ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻈﻨﻠﻟ ﺖﻔﻠﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ، ﲑﳋﺍ ﻢﻴﻗ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﻉﺭﺎﺼﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻄﻴﺷ ﺔﻋﺰﻧ ﻮﻫ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺎﻓ ﻭ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻗ ﻭ ﺔﻠﻳﺫﺮﻟﺍ . 18 ﺭﻭﺼﻨﻤ ﻥﺒ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ، ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ، ﺹ 190 19 http://samehar.wordpress.com
51 ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺼﺘﻘﻣ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﺘﳌﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ، ﺎﻬﺘﳉﺎﻌﻣ ﺐﳚ ﺔﺿﻮﻓﺮﻣ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﱪﺘﻌﻳ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺛﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﲪ ﻭ ، ﻦﻣ ﺃ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﻞﺟ ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑﻻ ﻪﺟﻼﻋ : ﺩﺎﳚﺇ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴ ، ﺔﻧﺎﻣﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻫﺍﺰﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺷ ، ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻮﻌﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍ ، ﱘﻮﻘﺗ ﻭ ﺓﺄﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﲔﻣﻷﺍ ﻒﻇﻮﳌﺍ . 20 3 . ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﳌﺍ : ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﺿ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻛﺮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻀﺘﺳ ﺎﻫﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻫﻮﳓ ﻦﺋﺎﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﻘﺑ ﻊﻓﺪﺗ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﲑﻏ ﻦﻋ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻠﻟ ﺕﻻﺎﳎ ﺎﻫﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺔﻣﺍﺪﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﹰﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻑﺎﺼﻣ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﻟ ﻭ ، ﺑﻷﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﻌ : ﺕﺎﺟﺎﳊﺍ ﺔﻘﺤﺘﺴﳌﺍ : ﻭ ﻲﻫ ﻦﺋﺎﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﺣ ﹴﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺒﺷﺇ ﹼﰎ ﱵﻟﺍ ،ﻲﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻟﺎﻓ ﻦﺋﺎﺑﺰ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻣﺪﳋﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺪﻴﳉﺍ ﺔﻌﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﺔﺒﻴﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﺘﳌﺍ ؛ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻨﻣﻵﺍ : ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﲟ ﻦﺋﺎﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻬﲡ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺱﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻞﺜﲤﻭ ،ﺔﻨﻣﺁ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻭ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻡﺯﻼﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﳌﺍ ؛ -ﺓﲑﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ : ﻝﻮﺣ ﺓﲑﻓﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﲟ ﻦﺋﺎﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﻭﺰﺗ ﰲ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﻳ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﺗﺮﺘﻳ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﺩﻮﻘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﳌﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﺗ ﹴﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﺇ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻼﻋﺇ ﰲ ﻞﺸﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ﺎﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻘﻔﻧ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﳛﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺴﺑ ﻯﺫﻷﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﺩﻮﻘﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﻻﺰﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺔ. ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﲟﻭ ، ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﺟﻮﺘﻳ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﳌﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﱴﺣ ﻲﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﻀﺗ 21 ، ﻭ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﺟ ﺔﺒﺴﺘﻜﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﳌﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻣ ﱀﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻲﻠﻳ : - ﻩﺎﲡ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻮﳌﺍ : ﻞﺟﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻣ ﻭ ﺔﻛﺮﺘﺸﳌﺍ ﱀﺎﺼﳌﺍ ؛ - ﻩﺎﲡ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ : ﺔﻟﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﺳ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻛ ﺏﺬﺟ ، ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﳚﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺗ ؛ - ﻩﺎﲡ ﲔﳘﺎﺴﳌﺍ : ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﲔﺴﲢ ﻭ ﺎﺮﻬﺷ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺜﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑ ؛ 20 ،ﻑﻴﻁﻠﻟﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻱﺭﺨﻓ ﺭﺎﺴﺃ ﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ لﻴﻠﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﺭﺜ ﺹ 10 ، http://www.ulum.nl/b154.htm 21 ﺩﻋﻭ ﻥﻌﻤ ﻱﺩﻴﻀﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﷲﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤﻟﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺨﺃ ، ﺹ 15 ، doc – www. iefpedia.com
52 - ﺀﻼﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ : ﺀﻼﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﻻﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻭ ﺩﺪﺟ ﲔﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﻣ ﺏﺬﺟ ، ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺡﺎﺑﺭﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻋﺪﺗ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ؛ - ﻩﺎﲡ ﲔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ : ﲔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﺇ ﻭ ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﺮﻌﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﺓﺩﻮﺟ ﻭ ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﻊﻓﺩ ﺓﺮﺴﻴﻣ ؛ - ﻩﺎﲡ ﻊﻤﺘﺍ : ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻭ ﺭﻮﻬﻤﳉﺍ ﻭ ، ﲔﺴﲢ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﲰ ؛ - ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ : ﺔﻌﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻬﺸﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻀﺣ ﺮﻬﻈﻣ ﺎﻬﺤﻨﲤ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﳌﺍ . 22 ﺭﻮﶈﺍ 3 : ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ : ﱎﺎﻐﺘﺴﲟ ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﰲ ﻩﺎﻨﻣﺪﻗ ﺎﳌ ﺎﻤﻴﻋﺪﺗ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺔﺣﻭﺮﻄﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺷﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻺﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﺑ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺓﺰﻴﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ، ﻓ ﰲ ﺎﻨﻟﻭﺎﺤ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﻂﻴﻠﺴﺗ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺗ ﺔﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻬﻣﺪﻘ " ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ " ﱎﺎﻐﺘﺴﲟ ﻭ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻉﻭﺮﻓ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻫ " ﻲﺠﻴﺘﻣ " ﻭﻣ ﺍﺫﺎ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺪﻴﻔﺘﺴﺗ ، ﺎﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﺟ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﳌﺍ ﻲﻫ ؟ ﺬﻫ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻨﻌﻓﺩ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻩ ﻮﻫ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺏﻮﺒﳊﺍ ﻞﻳﻮﲢ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺓﺪﺋﺍﺭ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﺎﺃ ﻭ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﳍﻮﺼﺣ 1 ISO 900 ﺔﻨﺳ 2006 ﻭ ، ﻥﺃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻌﺗ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ﻒﻴﻀﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﺣﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺋﺍﺩﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻦﺴﲢ . 1 . ﺓﺮـﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﺮـﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﻦـﺣﺎﻄﳌﺎﺑ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ : ﺔﻛﺮﺷ ﻲﻫ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻢﻬﺳﺃ ، ﺕﺍﺫ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻊﺑﺎﻃ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﳍ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﲡ ، ﻘﻳ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺎﳍﺎﻣ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺭﺪ ﺑ ـ 3959660000 ﺝﺩ ، ﺔﻛﺮﺷ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺘﻳ " ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ " ﻞﺣﺎﺳ ﰲ ﺭﺪﻨﻣﻼﺻ ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﱎﺎﻐﺘﺴﻣ ﻢﻗﺭ ﻖﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﻳﺪﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺔﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺏﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ 11 ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻭ ﺑ ﺭﺪﻘﺗ ﺔﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﻐﺸﺗ ﻲﻫ ـ 5500 ﻡ 2 ﻭﺰﻳﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺖﻠﺼﺣ ISO 9001 version 2000 ، ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺢﻤﻄﺗﻭ ISO 9001-2008 ، ﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﺽﺮﻋ ISO 22000-2005 ﺍ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﳌ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﺬﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﻮﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣﺄﺑ ، ﻞﻛ ﺕﺮﻓﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣﻹﺍ ﻭ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻌﺟ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺯﻼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﺒﳊﺍ ﻞﻳﻮﲢ ﻭ ﺎﺎﻘﺘﺸﻣ 22 ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﺭﻜ ﻥﺎﺴﻤ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ﺹ 114
53 ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺎﺑ ، ﺔﻳﻮﻴﺣ ﻭﺫ ﺕﺍﱪﳋﺍ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﻓ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻳﲑﺴﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﺋﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻒﻇﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻛ ﻭ ، ﰲ ﺏﻮﺒﺣ ﺀﺍﺮﺸﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺍ ﺢﻤﻘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺬﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻦﺋﺎﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﳍﺎﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﺑ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﻭ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﲑﻴﻐﺗ ﻱﺃ ﻝﺎﺧﺩﺇ . ﻊﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﺰﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﻮﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﺏﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺟﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺍﲑﺒﻛ ﺎﻄﺴﻗ ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﻲﻄﻐﺗ ﻯﺪﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻴﻘﻳﺮﻓﺇ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺑ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻳﺪﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﰒ ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﻋﺰﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻠﻟ ﺡﻮﻤﻄﻟﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﳌﺍ . 23 2 . ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻣ : 1.2 . ﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟ ﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ : ﺖﲤ ﺔﻛﺮﺷ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ " ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ " ﱎﺎﻐﺘﺴﲟ ﻖﻓﻭ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻲﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ﻲﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﱪﻟﺍ " SPSS " ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻋﺯﻮﳌﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻨﻠﺼﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟ ﲔﻔﻇﻮﳌﺍ ، ﻭ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﶈ ﻚﻟﺫ . ﻪﺘﻴﳘﺃﻭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﰎ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺖﻨﻤﻀﺗ ﺪﻗﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸ ، ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺖﻨﻤﻀﺗ ﰒ ﻭ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﲑﻐﺘﲟ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺘﺳ ﰲ ﻲﻫ ﺭﻭﺎﳏ : ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ، ﺔﺌﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ، ﺭﻮﺟﻷﺍ ، ﺕﺎﻀﻳﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺰﻓﺍﻮﳊﺍ ، ﻥﻮﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﺎﺿﺭ ، ،ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ، ﻉﺍﺪﺨﻠﻟ ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺧﺃ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﰒ ﻭ ﲔﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻞﻴﻠﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﰎ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ " ﺕﺮﻜﻴﻟ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ " ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺐﻠﻄﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺎﻋﻮﻴﺷ ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻮﻫ ﻭﺃ ﻪﺘﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﺩﺪﳛ ﻥﺃ ﲔﺛﻮﺤﺒﳌﺍ ﺓﺩﺪﳏ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻭ ، ﻦﻣ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻥﻮﻜﻣ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺲﲬ ) 5 ( ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻮﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﺘﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺧ : ﺎﻗﻼﻃﺇ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﲑﻏ ، ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﲑﻏ ، ﺪﻳﺎﳏ ، ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ ، ﺎﻣﺎﲤ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣ . ﺃ -ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ : ﰲ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ ﺖﻠﺜﲤ 30 ﻒﻇﻮﻣ ، ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺖﻋﺯﻭ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﻮﺸﻋ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻳﺪﳌﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﰲ ﲔﻔﻇﻮﳌﺍ ﻭ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﻷﺍ ، ﻡﺎﺴﻗﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺪﻣ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻳﺩﺮﻓ ﺕﻼﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺀﺍﺮﺟﺈﺑ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﺎﻤﻛ ، ﺖﻨﻤﻀﺗ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺄﺑ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻳﺪﳌﺍ . ﺏ -ﺕﺎﺒﺛ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ : ﰎ ﺪﻛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻕﺎﺴﺗﻻﺍ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻤﻠﻟ ﻦﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ " ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﻛ ﺎﻔﻟﺃ " ، ﺖﻧﺎﻛﻭ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﻕﺎﺴﺗﻻﺍ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ 0.833 % ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺪﻳ ﺎﳑ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﺑ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺗ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ . 23 www.groupemetidji.com
54 2.2 . ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ : ﺃ -ﲔﻔﻇﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ : ﲔﺒﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺃ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﻮﻧﺎﻛ ﻦﻣ ،ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻎﻠﺑ ﻢﻫﺩﺪﻋ 17 ﺎﻣ ﻱﺃ ﻪﺘﺒﺴﻧ 56.7 % ، ﻭ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟ ، ﺎﻤﻛ ﻆﺣﻮﻟ ﻥﺃ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻓ ﺃ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﱪﻛ ، ﺩﺪﻋ ﻎﻠﺑ ﺚﻴﺣ ﲔﺑ ﺎﻣ ﻢﻫﺮﻤﻋ ﺡﻭﺍﺮﺘﻳ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﲔﻔﻇﻮﳌﺍ 20 ﻭ 30 ﺔﻨﺳ 11 ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺑ ﻒﻇﻮﻣ 36.7 % ، ﻭ ﻦﻣ 30 ﱃﺇ 40 ﺔﻨﺳ 12 ﻒﻇﻮﻣ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﺔ 40 % . ﺕﺪﻛﺄﻓ ﻲﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻣﺃ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺃ ﺎﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺍﻮﻧﺎﻛ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲔﺟﺮﺨﺘﳌﺍ ، ﻢﻫﺩﺪﻋ ﻎﻠﺑ ﺚﻴﺣ 18 ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺑ 60 % ، ﻝﺪﻳ ﺎﳑ ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﺔﻛﺮﺷ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺻﺮﻓ ﻲﻄﻌﺗ ﲔﺟﺮﺨﺘﻤﻠﻟ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﳉﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻣ . ﺏ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﺭﻭﺎﶈﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ : ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 1 :( ﺭﻮﳏ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ : ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ spss ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ﲔﺒﻳ ) 1 ( ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻮﺤﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺟﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ ، ﻥﺃ ﻆﺣﻼﻧ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺃ ﻮﻫ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﱪﻛ 13 ﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺍ ﻞﺜﳝ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ 4 ﻱﺃ " ﺮﻓﻮﺘﻣ " ﻭ ﻪﺘﺒﺴﻧ 43.3 % ﻭ ﻞﺜﲤ ﻲﻫ ﺃ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﻊﺒﺘﺗ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﲏﻌﻳ ﺎﳑ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﱪﻛ ﺢﻴﺷﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺍﻮﺳ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺳ ، ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺼﻨﻣ ﻊﻣ ﺕﻼﻫﺆﳌﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻭ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ) 2 ( ﻚﻟﺫ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ :
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1,67 1 3,3 3,3 3,3 200 1 3,3 3,3 6,7 2,33 1 3,3 3,3 10,0 2,67 2 6,7 6,7 16,7 3,00 2 6,7 6,7 23,3 3,33 4 13,3 13,3 36,7 3,67 4 13,3 13,3 50,0 4,00 13 43,3 43,3 93,3 4,33 1 3,3 3,3 96,7 4,67 1 3,3 3,3 100,0 Total 30 100,0 100,0
55 ﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﻟ ) 1 :( ﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﺓﺪﻤﻋﺃ ﺭﻮﳏ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ : ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ spss ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻆﺣﻼﻧﻭ ) 2 ( ﻮﻫ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻥﺃ " 30 " ﻮﻫ ﺔﺼﻗﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻥﺃ ﲎﻌﲟ " 0 " ، ﻂﻴﺳﻮﻟﺍ ،ﰊﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻕﻮﻔﺗ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻮﶈﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ ﻞﻛ ﰲ 3 ﻭ ﱃﺇ ﻪﺠﺘﺗ 4 ﻱﺃ " ﺮﻓﻮﺘﻣ " ﻭ ، ﻥﺃ ﺲﻤﻠﻧ ﻪﻨﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﲑﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﻊﺒﺘﺗ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺮﻳ . ﻝﻭﺪﳉﺍ ) 2 :( ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻮﺤﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺰﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻋﱰﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺪﺼﳌﺍ : ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ spss ﻭ ﺈﺑ ﻉﺎﺒﺗ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺮﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻭ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻞﻜﻟ ﻪﻟ ﺢﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ، ﰒ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺭﻭﺎﳏ ﻦﻣ ﺭﻮﳏ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺭﻭﺎﶈﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﺒﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﳊﺍ ﰎ : ﺭﻮﶈﺍ 2 " ﺔﺌﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ " : ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﺌﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺩﻮﺴﺗ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺖﻨﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﻴﺟ ﺔﻓﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻟﺍ ، ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺮﳌﺎﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗﻭ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺪﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺻ ؛ ﺭﻮﶈﺍ 3 " ﺰﻓﺍﻮﳊﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻀﻳﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺭﻮﺟﻷﺍ " : ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻦﻤﻀﺗ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﺘﳌﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺖﻨﻴﺑ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺮﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﺘ ،ﺭﻮﺟﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺒﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺰﻓﺍﻮﳊﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻣﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻭ ﲔﻔﻇﻮﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺯﻼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻳﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ؛ 1,67 2,00 2,33 2,67 3,00 3,33 3,67 4,00 4,33 4,67 axe1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Fre qu en cy axe1 Q1 Q2 Q3 axe1 N Valid 30 30 30 30 Missing 0 0 0 0 Mean 3,60 3,30 3,73 3,5444 Median 4,00 3,50 4,00 3,8333
56 ﺭﻮﶈﺍ 4 " ﻥﻮﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﺎﺿﺭ ": ﻥﻮﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﺎﺿﺮﺑ ﻢﺘ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺖﻨﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻊﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺪﶈﺍ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻢﻴﻠﺴﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻭ ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺎﺑ ؛ ﺭﻮﶈﺍ 5 " ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ": ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻣﺰﺘﻠﻣ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺖﻨﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﶈﺎﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻭ ﻊﺒﺘﺗ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﻕﺮﻃ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻠﳐ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻆﻓﺎﲢ ؛ ﺭﻮﶈﺍ 6 " ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ": ﻲﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺭﺎﻌﺷ ﺎﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺖﻨﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺐﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﻻ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺄﻓﺎﻜﲟ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻻﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﳉﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻣ ﺎﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻪﻧﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ ، ﻲﻬﻓ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺇ ﺎﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ، ﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺔﻣﺰﺘﻠﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺎﺃ ﲏﻌﻳ ﻻ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻜﻟ . ﺎﻣﺃ ﻉﺍﺪﳋﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺴﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻞﻴﻠﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺢﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻌﺗ ﱃﺇ ﻲﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﻩﺪﺣﻭ ﺕﺪﻛﺃ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺟﻹﺍ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ ﻉﺍﺪﺨﻠﻟ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺮﲢ ﻲﻬﻓ ﲔﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻞﻴﻠﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﻮﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﻓﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻨﻟﺍ . 3.2 . ﺺﺨﻠﻣ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ : ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﻼﻃﻻﺍ ﺪﻌﺑﻭ ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻳﺮﺟﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﺼﺤﺘﳌﺍ SPSS ، ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻜﲤ : -ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﻞﺘﲢ ﻲﻠﶈﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﲑﺒﻛ ﺔﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻭ ﱪﺘﻌﺗ ﻲﻬﻓ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﱴﺣ ﻲﺠﻴﺘﻣ ﻊﻤﳎ ﻉﻭﺮﻓ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻭ ﻻﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ ﺖﻘﻘﺣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﺕ ﻭ ، ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻓﻮﺘﺗ ﻭﺫ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﺡﻭﺭ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺔﻧﺎﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﲑﻏ ﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻛﻮﻠ ؛ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺓﺮﻏﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺐﺻﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﻐﺸﻟ ﲔﺤﺷﺮﺘﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﻭﺎﺴﺘﻣ ﺹﺮﻓ ﻦﻤﻀﺗ ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺷ ﻞﻜﺑ ﻢﺘﺗ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﻷ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻈﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﻦﻣﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻓﻮﺘﺗ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻈﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﺘ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺎﻓ ﺮﻃﺎﺨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺎﻤﳊﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭ ﻭ ﻳﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔ ﻭ ﺲﺒﻟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺰﻠﺗ ﺱﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻄﻏ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻄﻏﺃ ﻭ ﺭﺰﺌﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻛ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﻦﻤﻀﺗ ، ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻣﺃ ﺕﺎﻀﻳﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﺟﻸﻟ ﻭ ﺪﻴﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺓﺮﻓﻮﺘﻣ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺰﻓﺍﻮﳊﺍ ، ﺭﻮﺟﻷﺍ ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ﺎﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻭ ﺔﻘﺤﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻳﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻬﳎ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺄﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻣ ﺰﻓﺍﻮﺣ ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ﺔﻳﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﺟ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻫﺩﻮ ؛ - ﻦﺋﺎﺑﺰﻟﺍ ﺎﺿﺮﺑ ﺍﲑﺜﻛ ﻢﺘ ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻭ ﻢﻬﺋﻻﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺮﲢ ، ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺖﻨﺒﺗ ﺎﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺏﻮﺒﳊﺍ ﻞﻳﻮﲢ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﻣ ﰲ ﺓﺪﺋﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﱳﲤ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺟ ﺎﳑ ﺓﺩﻮﳉﺍ ﺺﳜ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻣﺭﺎﺻ ﻭ ﺮﺋﺍﺰﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺎﺎﻘﺘﺸﻣ ، ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﳌﺍ ﻞﻛ ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻳﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﺎﺎﺟﻮﺘﻨﻣ ﻦﻋ ﻭ ﺕﻼﺍ
57 ﻭ ﺩﺪﶈﺍ ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻢﻴﻠﺴﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﺎﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺎﻬﺋﻼﻤﻋ ﻩﺎﲡ ﺔﻣﺰﺘﻠﻣ ﻲﻫ ﻭ ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻﺍﻮﳌﺎﺑ ﻭ ، ﺹﺮﲢ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﶈﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻠﳐ ﻦﻣ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﻕﺮﻃ ﻊﺒﺘﺗ ؛ -ﻻﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﺎﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟ ﻭ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻣﺍﺰﺘﻟﺍ ﺲﻜﻌﺗ ﺔﺤﺿﺍﻭ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻻ ، ﺎﻬﻠﻜﻴﻫ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻓﻮﺘﺗ ﻻ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻲﻤﻴﻈﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺘﻟ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻠﻟ ﺎﻳﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﺍﺰﻓﺎﺣ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﱴﺣ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻛﻮﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺄﻓﺎﻜﲟ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻻ ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻕﻼﺧﻷﺍ ؛ -ﺢﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﻑﺪ ﺔﺻﺎﳋﺍ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﲑﻐﻛ ﺓﺮﻬﻈﻠﻟ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﺣﺎﻄﳌﺍ ﻥﺇ ، ﻰﻠﻋ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻦﻜﻟ ﻉﺍﺪﳋﺎﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻻ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻚﻠﻬﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﻣ ﺏﺎﺴﺣ ﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺢﺑﺮﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻲﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺎﺑ . ﺔﲤﺎـﺧ : ﺎﻴﳌﺎﻋ ﺔﻠﺻﺎﳊﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺖﻠـﲪ ﺪﻘﻟ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺪﻴﻌﺼﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺃ ﱪﻛ ﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻌﻟ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻙﺮﶈﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻌﺟ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ، ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻢﺘﳛ ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺟ ﺎﳑ ﻭ ﺲﻓﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﺔﺌﻴﺑ ﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻭ ، ﺡﺎﺑﺭﻷﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻌﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻦﻜﻟ ﻭ ﻕﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻠﻟ ﺎﳍﺎﳘﺇ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺮﳋﺍ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺞﺘﻧ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﳌﺍ ﺢﺋﺎﻀﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺿﺎﳌﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﺩﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺍﻮﺿﻷﺍ ﻂﻠﺳ ﻭ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻕﺍﻮﺳﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﺣ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﳘﺃ ﺐﺴﺘﻜﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻤﻈﻨﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻰﻌﺴﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ﻙﻼﺘﻣﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ . ﺪﻘﻠﻓ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻟﻭﺎﺣ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻟﺍ ﺳﺍﺭﺪ ﺔ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﻼﺧﺄﺑ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﳌﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺗ ﺓﺰﻴﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﰲ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﺳﻮﻤﻠﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺲﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ، ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﲟ ﺝﻭﺮﳋﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻣ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﳘﺃ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ : ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺊﻃﺎﺧ ﻭﺃ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺡﺎﻀﻳﻹ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻸﻟ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﻤﻠﻟ ﺪﻴﳉﺍ ﲑﻴﺴﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻪﻨﻜﻟ ، ﻪﻨﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺎﻓ ﺐﻧﺎﳉﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﲝﺭ ﺭﺎﺛﺃ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ؛ ﺕﺎﻔﺻﺍﻮﻣ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻥﺇ ISO 9000 ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺎﺑ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﻭ ﻕﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻟﺍ ، ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ﱀﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻩﺎﲡ ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻼﻟ ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻊﻓﺩ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﺑ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸﻟﺍ ؛
