Exploring S. cerevisiae domestication from the analysis of their genome and from an experimental evolution approach in the grape must.

(1)

Exploring S. cerevisiae domestication from the analysis

of their genome and from an experimental evolution

approach in the grape must

(2)

Adaptive syndrome of domestication

• Phenotypic changes

(3)

Diversity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

habitats

Environments associated

to humans

Natural ressources

3 LEGRAS JL SPO, INRA Montpellier

(4)

Origin of Vine culture and wine making

http://www.penn.museum/sites/wine/wineneolithic.html

• _{jars dated from 5400 BC in Iran (Hajji Firuz Tepe) (McGovern 1996)}

= Identification tartaric acid and resins residuals => wine

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S. cerevisiae phenotypic diversity

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-Galactose media

Synthetic grape must (20% glucose)

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Bread/Beer

Cheese

Flor

Grape/Wine

MedOak

NA Oak

Rum/Bioethanol

Legras et al. 2018 MBE

5 LEGRAS JL SPO, INRA Montpellier

(6)

(7)

1000 strains genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci,

updated from Legras et al. 2007

Bruvo’s distance

(8)

Overview of S. cerevisiae diversity – genome scale

8 Maximum likelihood tree from 320000 snps

Legras et al. 2018 MBE

Wine

Flor

Rum and

Bioethanol

Cheese

Mediterranean

oak

Laboratory

Beer and bread

Palm wine

Sake

(9)

Distribution of new genomic regions

9 36 transfer events from 1.5 to 42 kb,

28 are prevalent in several populations,

and 6 are specific to one or two niches

Region C3 and C4

65kb (

T. microellipsoides, Marsit et al 2015

):

truncated in wine yeast

C3

:

FOT1-2

)

full length in flor yeast

C3 + C4

:

FSY1

Region T

6,8

kb (Cheese)

GAL1

: Galactokinase

GAL7

: Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl

transferase

(10)

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ΔFOT

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Time (h)

t0

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Ecological advantage offered by FOT1/2 (Region C3)

+ FOT

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FOT

Marsit et al, Mol Biol Evol, 2015

FOT1-2 genes confer a strong selective advantage to the wine

yeast strain in natural must

FOT1-2 genes confer a strong selective advantage to the wine

yeast strain in natural must

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Genome rearrangement and domestication

• Amplification of genes

involved in maltose

utilisation…

• amplification of genes involved in

lactate metabolism

• amplification of CUP1 genes

involved in copper chelation

• Translocation before Sulfite transporter

• Translocation between genes involved

in Iron uptake

Coi et al. 2017 Mol Ecol

Legras et al. 2018 MBE

Gallone et al 2016 Cell