Article
Reference
Sur le caractère pétrographique des îles Banks, en Mélanésie
AMSTUTZ, André
AMSTUTZ, André. Sur le caractère pétrographique des îles Banks, en Mélanésie. Compte rendu des séances de la Société de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Genève, 1931, vol. 48, no. 2, p. 101-104
DOI : 10.5169/SEALS-742100
Available at:
http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:148760
Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.
1 / 1
6e$1&( '8 -8,1
/D GpIRUPDWLRQ UDGLDOH UDSSRUWpH DX UD\RQ
GH OD VSKqUHTXRFFXSH OD VXUIDFH S L j
OpWDW
GH UHSRV HVW©
T
2Q SRXUUD VH GRQQHUDUELWUDLUHPHQW VXUOD VXUIDFH OLEUH HHW
A
HQ FKDTXH SRLQW WK
3RXU XL =XLGH Kp=pURJqZH H= =XFRPSUHVVLE=H == HV= =PSRVV=E=H
MU©H OHV SDU]=FX=HV UHV=HL= j SUHVVLRQ FRLV=DZ=H
= HV= PrPH LPSRVVLEOH JXH =HV VXUDFHV GpJD=H F=HQVL=p FRwZ FLGHUH= FHV=jGLUH oQH =RQ DL= ) S S =
,O
HQ UpVXOWH JXHQL
=H SR=HQ=LH= GH =D SHVDQ=HWWUQL
FH=QL GHV©FFp=pUD=LRQV QHDLV=HQ= SRXU =HV SH=L=V PRXRHPHQ=V DX HRLVLQDJH
GH =D VSKqUH GXQH QDVVH =XLGH Ep=pURJqQH H= LQFRPSUHVVLEOH /D PpWKRGH LQGLTXpH VDSSOLTXH HQFRUH WUqV IDFLOHPHQW DX SUREOqPH GHV PDUpHV VXU XQ DVWUH SDUIDLWHPHQW IOXLGH HW HQFRUH DX[ SHWLWV PRXYHPHQWV DXWRXU GXQ pWDW VWDEOH GpTXLOLEUH
UHODWLI
WUqV YRLVLQ GXQH VSKqUH RQ UHWURXYH PrPH VLPXOWDQp PHQW OD WKpRULH GH &ODLUDXW HW FHOOH GHV SHWLWHV YLEUDWLRQV6pDQFH GX
MXLQ
$QGUp $PVWXW] ² ª6XU =H FDUDF=qUH Sp=URJUDSKLTXH GHV LOHV DQ=FV HQ 0p=DLHV=H
2Q VDLW TXH OHV OLHV %DQNV VRQW GH QDWXUH HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW YROFDQLTXH HW GkJH UHODWLYHPHQW UpFHQW PDLV OHV GRQQpHV SpWURJUDSKLTXHV pQRQFpHV j OHXU VXMHW VH ERUQHQW j TXHOTXHV OLJQHV GH 'RXJODV 0DZVRQ OH[SORUDWHXU ELHQ FRQQX TXL HQ
PHQWLRQQDLW OH[LVWHQFH HQ FHW DUFKLSHO GH EDVDOWHV SRUSK\ULTXHV j S\UR[qQH / /HV URFKHV TXRQ
\
UHQFRQUWHQD\DQW
SDVIDLW
GHSXLV ORUVOREMHW
GH OD PRLQGUH pWXGHLO
PD SDUX LQWpUHVVDQW GHQ GpILQLU
LFL
OHV FDUDFWqUHV HVVHQWLHOV /D SOXV LPSRUWDQWH GHV vOHV %DQNV VH QRPPH 9DQXD/DYD HW VH GLVWLQJXH SDU XQH FRQILJXUDWLRQ PRQWDJQHXVH TXL QH VHPEOH SDV DYRLU VXEL GH PRGLILFDWLRQV ELHQ LPSRUWDQWHV GHSXLVL
3URF /LQQHDQ 6RF RI 1 6 :DOHV W S *FR=RJ RI =9HWF +HEULGHV& 5 6RF SK\V *HQqYHYRO
6e$1&( '8 -8,1
VRQ RULJLQH VL FH QHVW SDU GHV SKpQRPqQHV GH YDOORQQHPHQW HW UDYLQHPHQW 'DQV OHV PDVVLIV PRQWDJQHX[ TXL VpOqYHQW HQ GLYHUVHV SDUWLHV GH OvOH RQ REVHUYH HQ HIIHW GHV VRPPHWV GH IRUPH SOXV RX PRLQV FRQLTXH HW ELHQ FRQVHUYpH TXL VRQW pYLGHPPHQW DXWDQW GH SRLQWV GH[WUXVLRQ GHV ODYHV &HV F{QHV FRUUHVSRQGHQW ELHQ DX W\SH DVVH] EDVLTXH GX PDJPD TXL OHXU
D GRQQp QDLVVDQFH j PLKDXWHXU OHV IODQFV IRQW DYHF
OKRUL
]RQWDOH XQ DQJOH GH RX HW SDVVHQW YHUV OD EDVH j GHV SHQWHV SOXV GRXFHV TXL WpPRLJQHQW pYLGHPPHQW GXQH FHUWDLQHIOXLGLWp
GH OD ODYH ORUV GH VRQ pSDQFKHPHQW PDLV FHWWHIOXLGLWp
QH GHYDLW FHSHQGDQW SDV rWUH ELHQ JUDQGH HW
QpWDLW
VDQV GRXWH SDV FRPSDUDEOH j FHOOH GHV YpULWDEOHV pUXSWLRQV KDZDwHQQHV 3DUPL OHV PDVVLIV TXL VRQW DLQVL GLVSRVpV HQ GLYHUVHV SDUWLHVGH OvOH j GHV DOWLWXGHV JpQpUDOHPHQW FRPSULVHV HQWUH HW PqWUHV RQ SHXW GLVWLQJXHU OHV JURXSHV VXLYDQWV GDQV OD SDUWLH VHSWHQWULRQDOH WURLV VRPPHWV DOLJQpV GDQV OH VHQV
6:1( GDQV OH FHQWUH OH 0RQW 6XUHWDPDWL VDOORQJHDQW GX 1RUG DX 6XG GDQV OD SDUWLH PpGLDQH GH OvOH HW VDFFRUGDQW DYHF GDXWUHV IDLWV SRXU SHUPHWWUH GH FURLUH TXH OHV IUDFWXUHV
16 RQW MRXp XQ U{OH SULPRUGLDO GXUDQW OHV pUXSWLRQV GLYHUV VRPPHWV MX[WDSRVpV HW UHOLpV SDU GHV HQVHOOHPHQWV jO2XHVW GH OD EDLH 3DWWHVRQ XQ G{PH GH IRUPH SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW QHWWH SUqV GH OD EDLH 5DYHQD HW XQ PDVVLI LVROp FRQVWLWXDQW XQH SUHVTXvOH DX 6XG
'XQH PDQLqUH JpQpUDOH OHV URFKHV GH 9DQXD/DYD RIIUHQW SHX GH GLYHUVLWp HW QH VHPEOHQW JXqUH VpFDUWHU GHV W\SHV GpFULWV FLGHVVRXV TXH ORQ SHXW FRQVLGpUHU FRPPH SDUIDLWHPHQW UHSUpVHQWDWLIV GX PDJPD GRQW OHV pSDQFKHPHQWV VXFFHVVLIV VHPEOHQW VrWUH IDLWV DYHF XQH FHUWDLQH XQLIRUPLWp &H VRQW
GHV URFKHV JpQpUDOHPHQW FRPSDFWHV HW JULVYHUGkWUHV GDQV OHVTXHOOHV RQ REVHUYH XQH JUDQGH DERQGDQFH GH SKpQRFULVWDX[
IHOGVSDWKLTXHV HW S\UR[pQLTXHV EHDXFRXS SOXV UDUHPHQW
GROL
YLQH 3DU HQGURLWV FHV ODYHV VRQW VFRULDFpHV RX DFFRPSDJQpHV GH WXIV GDQV OHVTXHOV OHV PDWpULDX[ GH SURMHFWLRQ DSSDUDLVVHQW QHWWHPHQW DX 0RUQH $VKZHOO SDU H[HPSOH R ORQ REVHUYH GHV-H SHQVH GDLOOHXUV TXH FHWWH GLUHFWLRQ GH IUDFWXUHD pWp pJDOHPHQW SUpGRPLQDQWH GXUDQW OHV GHUQLqUHV pUXSWLRQV WHUWLDLUHV GHV 1RXYHOOHV +pEULGHV
6e$1&( '8 -8,1 EUqFKHV IRUPpHV GH
ODSLOOL
HW GH ERPEHV QRWDEOHPHQW SOXV SpULGRWLTXHV TXH OHV ODYHV DYRLVLQDQWHV 0DLV GDQV OHQVHPEOH OHV WXIV QH VHPEOHQW SDV rWUH ELHQ GpYHORSSpV HW OHV URFKHV TXHMDL
UHFXHLOOLHV VXU OHV F{WHV RULHQWDOHV HW PpULGLRQDOHV RX GDQV OH FHQWUH GH OvOH VH UDPqQHQW SRXU DLQVL GLUH WRXWHV DX[W\SHV VXLYDQWV
7\SH WUqV UpSDQGX VXU OH YHUVDQW RULHQWDO GX 6XUHWDPDWL URFKH JULVkWUH WUqV GXUH IRUPpH GXQH SkWH FRPSDFWH HQJOREDQW
GHV SKpQRFULVWDX[ GH IHOGVSDWKV HW S\UR[qQH DYHF TXHOTXHV JUDLQV DVVH] UDUHV GH SpULGRW 6RXV OH PLFURVFRSH RQ REVHUYH XQ SHX GH PDJQpWLWH HQ JUDLQV LUUpJXOLHUV HW GH QRPEUHX[
SKpQRFULVWDX[ GDXJLWH FDUDFWpULVpH SDU H[WLQFWLRQ VXU J
9 PHVXUp
QIJQLLJ²
QIJLLS
SRO\FKURwVPH j SHLQH SHUFHSWLEOH +J QS OpJqUHPHQW JULVkWUH XQ SHX SOXV IRQFp KpPLWURSLHV IUpTXHQWHV VXU
&HV SKpQRFULVWDX[ VRQW WUqV QRPEUHX[ TXRLTXH VXERUGRQQpV DX[ SODJLRFODVHV ,OV SUpVHQWHQW JpQpUDOHPHQW GHV IRUPHV SULVPDWLTXHV ELHQ QHWWHV PDLV PRQWUHQW DXVVL GHV VLJQHV GH FRUURVLRQ PDJPDWLTXH HW VRQW HQWRXUpV GH TXHOTXHV FRXURQQHV GH JUDLQV WUqV SHWLWV GX PrPH PLQpUDO K
/ROLYLQH
TXH ORQ REVHUYH HQ JUDLQVSOXW{W
UDUHV VXU OD URFKH QH VH UHWURXYH SDV GDQV OHV FRXSHV PDLV VXU OXQH GHOOHV H[LVWH XQSHWLW
DJUpJDW GH PDWLqUH VHUSHQWLQHXVH HW IHUUXJLQHXVH TXLGRLW
SURYHQLU GHODOWpUDWLRQ
GXQ GH FHV JUDLQV /HV SKpQRFULVWDX[ GH SODJLRFODVH FRQVWLWXHQW XQH JUDQGH SDUWLH GH OD PDVVH HW DWWHLJQHQW JpQp UDOHPHQW SOXVLHXUV PP ,OV SUpVHQWHQW GH EHOOHV IRUPHV FULVWDO OLQHV GHV PDFOHV FRPSOH[HV HW XQH VWUXFWXUH IUpTXHPPHQW ]RQpH /D GpWHUPLQDWLRQ SDU OHV PpWKRGHV GH )pGRURIGLQGL
YLGXV PDFOpV VHORQODOELWH
HW .DOVEDG DYHF ODPHOOHV KpPLWURSHV GH SpULFOLQH PRQWUH TXH OHXU EDVLFLWp RVFLOOH HQWUH HW GDQRUWKLWH <YDULDQW
GH j &HV pOpPHQWV LQWUDWHOOXULTXHV VRQW HQJOREpV GDQV XQH SkWH
j VWUXFWXUH
SLORWD[LWLTXH
WUqV ILQH UHQIHUPDQW SHX GH UpVLGXYLWUHX[
HW QH PRQWUDQW SDV GH VWUXFWXUH IOXLGDOH (QWUH OHV PLFUROLWHV ODEUDGRULTXHV TXL FRQVWLWXHQW OD PDMHXUH SDUWLH L 6XUOHV ULYDJHV GH OvOH TXL QH VRQW SDV WURS UHFRXYHUWV GH FRUDX[RQ REVHUYH JpQpUDOHPHQW XQ VDEOH QRLUkWUH HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW FRQVWLWXp GDXJLWH WLWDQLIqUH HW PDJQpWLWH
6e$1&( 'LO -8,1
GH FHWWH SkWH VRQW GLVSRVpV GH PLQXVFXOHV JUDLQV GDXJLWH HW HQ PRLQGUH DERQGDQFH GH PDJQpWLWH /HV PLFUROLWHV FRQWLHQ QHQW HQ PR\HQQH RX GDQRUWKLWH HW j FH SURSRV RQ SHXW QRWHU TXLOV QH UpSRQGHQW SDV j OD UqJOH TXL YHXW TXH OD EDVLFLWp GHV PLFUROLWHV VRLW LQIpULHXUH j FHOOH GHV SKpQRFULVWDX[
(Q VRPPH OD URFKH HVW XQH IRqPGRULIH j DZJLWH RX VL
ORQ
SUpIqUH XQH LDVDWRH GRQW OHV FDUDFWqUHV PDJPDWLTXHV VRQW GpILQLV SDU ODQDO\VH HW OHV SDUDPqWUHV VXLYDQWV
6L2M ,QWHUSUpWDWLRQ VHORQ 2VDQQ
7L2ÄM WUDFHV 6 D
)Hb
2Ä $ F$O/
&0Q2 WUDFHV )
&D2
0J2
1DÄJ &RHIILFLHQW GDFLGLWp
.2
3 )
/H SRLQW GH IXVLRQ RX
SOXW{W
GH UDPROOLVVHPHQW GH FHWWH ODEUDGRULWH HVW DVVH] pOHYp j HOOH QH VXELW DSSDUHPPHQW DXFXQH PRGLILFDWLRQ PDLV j HOOH GHYLHQW SkWHXVH HW QH SHUG VD YLVFRVLWp TXHQ GHVVXV GH &HFL HVW HQSDUIDLW
DFFRUG QRQ VHXOHPHQW DYHF OD IRUPH GHV G{PHV GH[WUXVLRQ OD WHQHXU HQ VLOLFH HW OD QDWXUH GX PDJPD PDLV DXVVL DYHF OHV SRLQWV GH IXVLRQ GpWHUPLQpV SDU 0 %UXQ SRXU ODXJLWH HW SRXU OH ODEUDGRU /
/HV URFKHV UHFXHLOOLHV HQ GDXWUHV SRLQWV GX 0RQW 6XUHWDPDWL RXVXUOHVIODQFV GHV VRPPHWV FRQLTXHVSUpFpGHPPHQW PHQWLRQQpV UHVVHPEOHQW EHDXFRXS DX W\SH TXL YLHQW GrWUH GpFULW
WDQW
SDU OHV SURSRUWLRQV SHX GLIIpUHQWHV GHV GLYHUV FRQVWLWXDQWV TXH SDU OD EDVLFLWp UHODWLYHPHQW SHX YDULDEOH GHV PLFUROLWHV HWGHV SKpQRFULVWDX[ SODJLRFODVLTXHV 6HXOHV OHV VWUXFWXUHV