Handbook of national accounts for Africa : III. the national accounts of Ghana 1960, adjusted to conform to the intermediate system of national accounts

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B/CN.14/NAC.14 Page 2

levels of oovernment, industrial statistics, statistics on vehicle registration, etc., which referred to a variety of past years. To a large extent the expenditure estimates were obtained by mUltiplying per capita expenditure data by population figures extrapolated from the census of 1960.

Data were not available which allowed an estimate according to the income approach, or a completely independent estimate from the product side. No braak-down is therefore available of the domestic product by factor shares. The original estimates do not include sector acc~unts,

but on tho basis of available information same such accounts could be

constructed, although a number of the most important accounts of the inter- mediate system had to be omitted.

b) Boundary of production

The concept of prOduction applied conforms as closely as possible to that recommended in the SNA. A rough estimate is included of the consumption of food from own production, but no information is abailable as to whether other productive activities in the rural household sec,or have been included. No separate rural household account has been est~

bUshed.

A minor discrepancy from the SNA is that imputed rent on government buildinos is not included.

c) Domestic or national concept

Following the recommendations of the SNA, a nat10nal concept has been applied. Expenditures of tourists and diplomatic personnel in Ghana have

therefore been deducted from and the expenditure of Ghanian diplomats and tourists abroad have been added to the estimate of consumers' expenditure.

Local branches and subsidiares of foreign companies are considered as non- residents.

'"/CN

.14/11 AG .14 _c",e .)

d) rTa,in differences -bct~1aen the Ghana system of account:::; and the intorniedi2ta S'fstcm

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-

From i'Jhat has been alr_~s::,:l.y__~~~id ?-Qove.~_..i __t ..1,8 c1ea:r that the national accounts estir"ates for Ghana differ suo3tantially from the

intermediate system. Basic inforQation is lacking for the construction of a number of the most central accounts of the intermediate system, like the account of uses and resources by commodity group, the rural household account and the appropriatioJ account of corporutions.

0nly a rudimentary set of accounts could be constructed for inclu3ion i:1 t~'lis \}hapter. A considerable amount of adeli tionCil busle information will have to be collected on inputs~ cost of tr&nsport~tion

and distribution as well c:s en \,"%'88 a;'1.d salaries anJ. other factor shar'8s before an apr-roximately cor.:plete systvrr; of national accounts can '08 established.

'rhe gross national rroduct a~·,,-,T'8gate ifas established. basically from the eXl8~1ditUl"3 .side~ u.nd 8x~)r:;;J1ditUTes on gros3 national product is th8rafore tha basIc br~ak-down available. A supplementary estimate of gross domestic "roduct by Industrial origin was also made. This es.timate, L.owev8r~ H&S not indepenclent from the expenditure estimate.

It was arrived at partly oy the com~odity flow method, partly from expendi ture date:;. and pc~.rtly indirectly by usinE; apFroximate ratios of waC;8s and. salaries to .;ros3 value added. Adjustments ~;:ere made to

these estimates on tile basis of employrr,ent statistics and the population census of 1960. The industry classification of the ISle could not be strictly applied, because Inputs could not be estimated separatoly for a nU!:\qer of industries ..

8/CN.14/NAC.14 Page

4

The esti!l"late of t~lis CJ!:" :)Q1l8nt T'!US b.::_sE>~_ ::'ai::ily ::.;n t::18 -prelir:linary resul ts of the HOUStllOlu !"":xpcl1diture 3lT'ley 2,lrd~.j.),- msntioned. 'IJhe survey gave expenditure per houseb..O'li b;y l'8l..>L:m c-lnd. ty ·_~l~ba.i1 e..nd rural areas

covering t1'!el ve 'hret:ks and iy... t::;'Gl v,"3 eXlic!1di tUI'8 categories. The data for the t',velve 1.eeks 1"i"01'8 convert'3d ;rOIJOrtionc.lly to E1r-r..:;.al GstimcLt.as for each exp-enditure cate;:ory. ;~~18 ourvey was- c&Tried. out '-y the Central Bureau of Statistics and coverel cOridumpticD of Doth marketed and own products.

Total l~-rivatc consuE;ption eX~-}8rldit~lrG \),:~s ott,~ined by using

estiniated annual oxy;endi tUT'e 1e..1.~ ~1ou::;eholri Z:-Lnc.. the nur:lber of hou3cholds in urban and rural areas in eac~l reGion. l'he nu::-:bET of urban and rural households in each region '.Iras obtained -by _dividin~; "the estimated total populatlon by the number a'' ,'ersons l'er household rrc_Jord.ing to the house-

imports of CO~'~~--'U8er Goods Hhich tIers bTv:..e-sed Ur} ~~o re'tail vc;"lue by adding distributive margins ....rl1ich inclLi.clGd tl'onS}_;ort costs.

Food. lIthe value of ()(,'-lSill',ution cf loce.l. food, botti. :Jurchased and from

own. production ~1[aS c8ri'ved fron, the HOUS8i'lOL,l _--Y<,,_enditur,~ Survey by :,lul tiply-i" o

holds, arrived at as indicated above.. i'rivate eXIJenditul'e on imported food was estiQated On the basis vf c.Lf. import value plus custorr-s duty.

Imported food ",cant for further processinb was excluded. Trade and

transport L'!ark-ups were estimated b;y comparin..=> for selected rer,resentative items retail yrices and col.fo im~ort prices plus duty. lhe figure for

conslli~ption of i5po~ted food arrived at in this way was substantially higher than that derived by an alternative estimate from the survey.

This was probably due to the fact t;lat a relatively large amount of imported food was consumed by the high income groups which were not in- cluded in the survey.

E/Cl'!.14jNAC .14 Page 5

~~§~~~X!.~J}_~E-.CC:.9_':.. .For non-wclcoholic beverages, private consumption expenditl~re8 1'[eI'-)_~.Gstime.tcc.ail.t~-:o basic 0:' the vlume of local pro-

Simila.l,...ly, Qu2....rti ti6s of i:Tl)C<::'c;e-J. bcE'.: an(~ other alco!:lolic beverages y[ere c.1Eoo valn<;.:l ,-,t .:'8>.'Jl ':)I'i.coC~ Fa:..." 10caJ.Jy produced beer, the

average annu£1.1 reta~.~c pI'ic\~.. The consumvhon of J:"l'-' 1Tine and other home..·made alcQholic ilr.'nk^c; "as 8stil"ated. from the Household Zxpendi ture Survoy ..

Imports of "cut and rag^lt toba.cco ior c=-C:~J?E:;tte flli.::"1ufaq,t1..?ring covld not be separately identified and are '_l:..cl-,:(.l€C~_ :in the e.;:;~v:i.m?/cr:c' Th('· ,:tfficunt. concerned, however, is

The v:..lu0 0:;':- l')('itll;/ t--:,o:luced cigarettes \'las cal_

Clot'.,

-,..,..-_._.~..- ^{c.:.> . ...}"~!.':; eq:.ir,~,>.·, '.' fo"'..' :':::'.G ~.+,em 1'T;""'S pased on an

.._,._--.-

l1hich include cloth, ready- furnishings for houaehold useo

_,-'--~r,-.tE'(l. retail value.. No allowance was maJ.e fer __~e y::.'\,:Cl' -don of lO::_"J.~_J.:;: ^Y('V6n cloth and locally produced

Fu~J-:?.,2:[1 ,-'+> .~:?2·d1..1- 'c-',1J~~.~..~2:0~"~(1.:.:J Th"3 Gstiuate of private expendi- ture or- C1UT::"U}.::-:,i c.:...:!JJ (YL;lI-3r LlYil-l"E'aIJ].e::: (0::i~.cluding te:--:tiles) was also based. 0~. i/o'per"t.:; Ve',.I· coJ _a-~ retai J. p:;:·.i.Ges, Locall:>~ produced items such

E!ClJ .14/NAC .14 Pagi1 6

Rent, fuel and light. A special rent survej carried out in he Rouse~

hold Bxpenditure Survey enumeration areas provided information for this item. The number of urban and rural households paying rent and average

ren~were obtained from the survey. An average rent was attributed

to all households (except those in the high income cirouP), separately for urban and rural areas.

For the high income group (over b 9 600 income per annum), the number of households was estimated from employment statistics for the employees and from income tax statistics for non-employees. The average rent for this group was assumed to be eCluivalent to the rent paid by non-government officers for government accommodation. A national al- lowance was made for undercoverage and multiple income households.

The estimate of the consumption of firewood and charcoal was based on the expenditure survey and included consumption from own production. Revenue from the sale of electricity to domestic con- -Hurners was obtained from th,_ Eletrici ty Department. No estimate was

included for electricity supplied free to employees of mines and to military personnel. An estimate for the consumption of lamp-oil,

candles and matches was made on the basis of iQ~orted Cluantities and retail values.

Transport and communications. Ninety percent of the number of private care registered eaoh year were assumed to be for personal use. The unit value of imports of new cars was raised to the retail level using data from a survey of motor vehicle dealers and an allowance was made for puchase tax. No allc~ance was made for mark-up on purchases of second- hand vehicles. An estimated value for new privately registered motor- cycles was also included. The c.i.f. value of imported bicycles and parts was marked up to retail value.

"I"'"

^{~~ ',-,',L, ,}l4^{/1" ..h}"r.J.'..^{' " I l!}

rage '('

tenance, insur-anCQ and l.iCer:';3ing of mcto.""'- Gars<> iT.lhis 8f, tin:ate was projected t'O O-GbdT YSLl'S \JlJ the ';)z:...sis or' the ^nUDlber JI ..;.;ri"vate cars licensed and an i~Lde>::: cf c'~>J.L.::'tj_ns C:.it..:::ts" :';'~~8 L~G.-ux GovfOn:ed the retail price of ;-octroI, the iDjJO.:2t :n'icc' o,~' t.i.:rt}t)~ t~ll)6s a~c1_ batteries ana the wage rate in service 1~luGtrie3·

I~ailiiay 9asseng8r faT(-::s a.nd .municil='dl bus lar,,,,s "1"18:...e <..:.Dsumed. equal to the revenues on the relov3.nt aCC01J.D.ts cf the pl..1-blic institutions concern.ed ui th these types of trar~ftP(~r-~ation~

and. f6rr'J trs'ns:;::ortu tion and. on corr,muni.~atio:-1 1"ras foli..."'lcl eLf; a reeidual "tJ;yr subtracting fr:Jlll the total ,chov.'11 f01 tl's.~lsYOrf:;n t:;.0il in the HOlisel:olo.

~X.genci.::-tur3 Su:rvey the o:1...11endJ.tu('E-'::; 'In motcrcYclsi::; and _hicyc~es and. 01'1 bus and rail far- .'3" -~.'1'ha 196~,..~::::tiDla.te_ 1;{$.8 t}lE3:1 ,j,!roj~.9::t?,SL_~,C?_other years by Ii,Gans of in:iexes of pu-pula..tiOn a:,~:d I'oad t:"an.s~_-"ort costs. 'lhe latter il.'ldex Gove.reel t,l'- i"Jpc:ct ^~;iCG of tlibes

buses and. ^{truc~';:.s and} the l's"Gaj.l 'IJ.cicE'; ^{( ) f} 1'8GTol.

r-~iscellaneous eXJ)end:itUl"'~^<I rrhis CF-l.-~t·8ory COV6I'S 0:::r;2nditure on e;oods and services not els,-.<c..8T8 CJ.c.S8i,:i<~d) 8X~JGnd.~;u.r<2 of priv2.te. non,-profit

the Universitites~ -,~llE..: )..011ii,',o-.:;c. ;~cho01 en<i 'LiV':ltE:- (;i,:'1r.1 assisted schools (excluding local auLH)T-,-t~\,' -'~2:~:j2weC_ sc:-~:.,;(..:lsi ~Ta'; ""~E-,c,----~ C'n b'overnrncnt'

also included"

Data on net r~civ8,te e:cDoncl:l..tl..:re c...,b:--'cod. ~~:.::;~>2 0.81' ive,j f:::oom the balance of pa;)T'nents: rrourist and. dj,'olor;,:-:tlG __,OU8~tOJ..(~_ '-:;}:-~18aditure in Ghana wer8 deducted f:-om '~1-!Hl SA:J::T,Ol~olsfPC::'_di--':;u~ec-<: Jh<CCL":'all diplon1ats and tourists abro2..d ^(iGY2 add.eet tG th,) ~';'3~i:Tl2.-;;'2 a{' snnsur,;81.---'Sfs expenditure, In the absence of informatiol'1 on ct,~lel"' PCY.i;;C1:l~ ~,:..".:;. :lo:l'3ehold. servic""

Ie/CN .14/UAC.14 Page 8

lotteries 1 nevspa~,eI'S9 etc. uas talcen as residual expenditure on goods and services in 1961. This lras rirojected by mea~s of a oor:,bihed index of urban and rural ropulation and cost Gf services (p~i~e index for services in Accr'a).

Nominal payments to ~overnment hospitals and schools for services were considered transfer p ayIr. en ts. -rhe actual cost of providLlb these services apr,ears in general sovernment expenditure. Subscriptions to clubs9 tl"ude urrions, and associa tioDn uere also consiuered as transfer payments from individuals. T'he tctal operatinL, expenditure of these organizations should appear as expenditure of private non-profit making institutionsj but these are not adequately cQver8d.

(ii) General government consumption expendi^t'UI'8

Generel GovernBent COnSWT1)tion expenditure covered current expendi tures by centra,l Government~ municipal c01.mcils (Accra; Cape

Coast~ I,:uman;3i~ and SeL:oncli iiakoradi) [:.nd. otJ.lc:r local authorities incluc- ing District₉ :Jrb~~l and 10c.::..:.1 CO·..1:'lcils~ and Tome. :J8velopment Corporation.

1'~ost of the inrordation for c()!.i.t:.cal t:-e':1er,::-,~l overnr.;ont exp03_1di ture caTIJe from the iublic AccGunts Section 0f the CGn~T21 3ureau of Statistics.

For national aCCOl,mts 'purposes, the c~'_}Jendi'~u:re on posts~ telecommunica- tions and electricit.'l ljTo.B' e.::c:;lud.eu. from '8ne:r~;1 ~'i,over:1rr.ent. Fiscal year estiBates 'Vlore cornrsrted

'to

ca12ndar years 011 a proI-,ortionate basis and Quarterly data weI e aclde::l Ul-- to calendar ;yea.r3.

The current expenditure of otl:..er locc:,l authorities, ioe. urban, local and district councils, "as derived from the accounts of local government. No inforr:latiol1j CI""'I-reVer, was av&-ilOible for I'2Cent years and the fit-,urcs for '1959/1960 usin~; to~al revenue 2Ild. Gxp'::lnd.i ture of local authorities provided by the ublic ACCOW1ts Section. The ex-

penditure of 'rema Development CorpoI'ation 1-HiS estimated fT'om its accounts.

imputed gross rent of 2,'overnment of government buildine,,s was not included.

No account ',fas taken of trc~nsfer payments b;y ths 8n tcrprise and hous0f.t'Jld sectors to genar81 government.

B/CN.14~'AC.14

Page 9

(iii) Gross domestic fixed capital formation

Building and other'construction. fhebasic estimate for all types of construction was-obtained from data on the imports of construction materials in

1959.

Two different ratios were established, one related

the value of cement purchased to work done and 'he other the value of imported construction materials to work done. An arbitrary deduction was made to cover the use of materials for non-permanent housing, repairs etc. Imports of cement and construction materials were marked up for handing and distribution costs and work done was estimated by means of the"established ratios. In this way, two estimates of cons- truction expenditure were obtained for

1959.

These estimates were extr~­

polated to other years at

1959

prices by means of volume indexes for impvrted construction materials and cement. Both series were subse~

~uently converted to current prices by means of a construction cost index which took into account earnin6s in the construction indUstry and the cost of imported and local construction materials. The two series were relatively close except in

1960

when imports of cement rose to an extraordinarily high level. There was no real basis for deciding whether the one or the other of the methods used in 0stimating construction

expenditure for

1959

was preferable. The two estimates were therefore averaged.

A separate estimate for expenditure on permanent building was

obtained by deductinb from the estimate of total construction expenditure an estimate for other ,construction in the public sector based on an

analysis of the accounts of ~overnment and public boards, oorporations, etc. ~stimated expenditure on land improvement and mining development was added to the estimated expenditures on engineering construction on the as~umption that the materials method did not include this type of capital formation. The small amount of engineering construction done by the private sector, like for instance, mine roads, and by community development projects were not taken into accoUnt.

B/CN.14!NAC.14 Page 10

The estimated expenditure on bUilding described above excludes nonpermanent building, like buildings of stabilized and ..non-stabilized eoil, mud and wattle, etc. No estimate was possible for non-permanent non-residential buildin;s. For non-permanent houses, it was necessary to rely On a series of approximations. From various household surveys, it was possible to estimate the total number of non-permanent rooms required to house the rel~vant pert ion of the population each year.

The increase in the number of rooms needed was measured

bw

the net population growth. The gross increase in number of rooms included an annual estimate of replacement based on the average length of life of non-permanent houses. The number of rooms required each year both for growth and replacement was valued at estimated cost in 1961 and con- verted to current values bo means of a building cost index.

Transport equipment. Date from Motor Vehicle Statistics (an annual publication of the Central Bureau of Statistics) provide an estimate of capital formation in cars, trucks, lorries, buses, wheeled tractor and other registered motor vehicles. Passenger cars were divided between personal and business use by including in the latter all commercial and free issue (largely government) registrations and ten percent of private registrations. Kotor cycle and scooter registrations for commercial and government use were taken as capital formation; the remainder was

arvitrarily allocated to consumption. Direct imports of bicycles by government were considered capital formation expend~ture. Vehicles were valued using import unit values marked up for landing and delivery coets, and distribution mark-ups includino "Jurchase tax. Different levels of mark-ups were used for "free issue" reGistrations and non- government vehicles.

Capital formation in trans ort equipment other than motor vehicles was estimated perimarily on the basis of annual import statistics. The most important component was railway rolling stock. Purchases of ships and aircraft for Black Star Line and Ghana Airways which are not covered by import statistics were included. No allowance was made for locally produced fishin6 boats.

E/C:T .l4!'1AC.l4 Page 11

Machinery E_nd ot~le~:~3_l.::~J~~~~l2~> T}16. 8dtioate for this cor:~ponent was d-eri-ved entir-el;;.r from. ir.1port .a-to. tistic8^<. rrhe c.i ~f. value rlus duty \.,rae adJusted to include landing a~ distribution costs and installation charges. Capital forma tiOD in home··made or lOCEilly made tools:j ^{€ .}g.

in agricultUI'8, 1;>laS not included"

(iv) Increase in stock.:~

In,C,re2.se in stocks of cocca held by the cocoa marketing board (now Ghana Agr~cultural Produce Marketi~c Board) foron the largest part at this coroponent. rhe cha,<ge in the volume of cocoa stocks was "alued at theI:-Ul~Ghase l:,rice of the Board. 'rhe differenc'3 between imports and registratio:1 of [;lotor vehlcles ^"38 also considereci to be changeci in st',Lz

and 1'las valued at 1~~holesale pTjr::e. The difference betueen production.

and exrort of gold, dlamol1ds^oj m~n~;anese and bauxi te at export price (e~­

cluding duty) was further iJ:1cluded---as- swck-.-~h.an§Gg...

As mentioned at,ove; ir:lport data were US8a. l'or some oonsumer goods and for mac:::'inery :-::.nd ;.:quipr;ei:".t in the. estifilwt.ion of Gons1ill':0tion ex- pendi ture .:Inc=.. ~.)T.0SS fixed 82.1=1-::-.a1 !·c:'f,;ati.o':l. Chanc'e,; in 3to~ks of ~f1eS2

commodi ties could not 1)e excluded fror:', tte expenditLll'e estimates which therefore are a:fe~t.t'rl t-:- '::',Offir E.xtellt by 31~:ch chai1g'cs.

(v) .Imports and exports of /,:oods and non-I'actor services The data used in estima'till~; thj.s i tern ';,,8r-e c1tair~ed frotn the Balance of Pay-men ts Bect~on4 The es'timates of non-marc:.hand.ise trans- actions should be cOGside~e~ ~s tentative4

(vi) net factor inco:Tl8_ from t.~st of J.he ^i{Q1'li

Net non-,residen t :::'actcr income vra.s deri v8d (~rith mL'10T adjust- ments) from the balance of payLcen:c st,'lteroenGs, }~1~! credit items were mainly estimated inVestment incoH.e of the pub1ic and banking sectors on external assets and local W&G8S and salQries ~aid by diplomatic and internationa.l a6encies~ rphe debit itefJs 1:J8re 8STiLl,.-~terl l.-'I'of'its, i:1terest, and divideLds paid abro&.d. b;y local brarLches and 8uLzicliariss of foreign companies. An estimate of salaries and uaf!0S :paid to staff by Ghanian deilomatic missions ~ras l11C..L UQ 8(L "^{. _ l ' ,}

E/GN.14/NAC.14 Page 12

In accordance with the definition of residents and factor income adopted, the estir,late of factor income excluded remittances of ex- patriates and gross income earned by so-called migrant cocoa farmers.

These were included in the earlier published national accounts.

b) Industrial origin of gross domestic product

Sufficient data were not available to make independent estimates of value added in all sectors of the economy. A residual item was

therefore introduced which shows the arithmetic difference between total gross product arrived at from the expenditure side and the sum of values added for the specified industries. In som.e cases, inputs and the cost of transportation and distribution for primary production could not be estimated separately. The estimate of value added for some industries is therefore too high and there is an element of double-counting between indus tries.

Agriculture,forestry, hunting, and fishing. The production of cocoa was assumed e~ual to the purchases of cocoa by the marketing authority and was valued at the price paid to the farmers exclUding their contribution to to the Second Development Plan. Cocoa marketing income was estimated

as the value of exports including duty, adjusted for changes in stocks less the cost of cocoa purchased from the farmers, road and rail trans- port, harbour and other costs, excluding taxes and duty.

'rhe value added arisinc; from the production of agricul tural export products other than cocoa was derived from external trade statistics.

No allowance was made for marketinl or transport costs. The product of other agriculture and fishing was taken directly from the estimate of local food consumption. Transport and distribution costs are therefore included in this estimate.

E/CN.14jNAC.14 Page 13

Value added in forestry production was estimated as the value of exports of logs and sawn timber and estimated local consumption as swan timber less an estimate of the value .. of fuel and electricity used by saw-mills. Marketing board income was imrlicitly included in this estimate, and nO allowance was made for other inputs of the saw-milling or logging industry. The value of the consumption of firewood and characoal was included in the product of the industry.

Mining. The value added of mining was estimated as the value of mineral exports including duty adjusted for stock changes, less an allo~ance

for inputs of fuel and materials. This allowance was estimated on the basis of a ratio of purchases of materials, fuel and non-factor services to sales, obtained from the industrial statistics~ Electricity produced and transport provided by the mines themselves were implicitly included in the product of the sector.

Manufacturing. The estimate for this sector was made by means of a ratio of wages and salaries to gross vah,e-added obtained from the industrial statistics and average annual earnings estimated from employment statistics and average annual earninbs estimated from employment statistics. The latter were adjusted for understatement in the number of reported employees by means of the population census of 1960.

Construction. The same procedure was used as for manufacturing. The estimate referred to the private construction industry and value added in own-account building and in community development projects was excluded.

Other private industries. This sector includes transport, distribution and services. The est.imate of value added was based on the same method as used for manufacturing and construction. As no information on value added was available for these industries, an over-all ratio for all industries covered by the industrial statistics was used. It appeared that the ratios of wages and salaries to value added did not very widely.

Estimated annual earnings in commerce, transport and services were adjusted for understatement using the number of employees recorded in employment statistics and population census figures on private employees.

B/CN.14/NAC.14 Page 14

While there no doubt is some duplication between this estimate and the transport and distribution components of other categories, it should be note~, however, that self-employed and own-account workers, traders, lorry operators etc. were not inclu~ed in this estimate Ownershiu of dwellings. The estimate of value adde~ in the dwelling

sector was base~ on the gross rent as recor~ed in the customers' ex-

pen~iture estimate less annual replacement cost of non-premanent houses and ten percent for repairs.

Other household services. Under this heading were included the gross i income of _~omestic servants and consumers"expenditure on other miscel- laneous personal an~ household services assumed largely to be provided by self-employed persons, e.g. private doctors, mi~wives, barbers, etc.

Estimated wages and salaries in private and assisted schools (excluding those run by local authorities) and autonomous institutions were included.

Government enterprises and public corporatioDs. Value added of government enterprises, i.e. the post and telecommunications and electricity depart- ments, was estimated fI'om revenue statements after deducting current expenditure' excludin~ wages and salaries. The value added of public

corporations was also estimated from their accounts.. Government marketing authorities were covered by the estimates for primary industries.

General government. Value added of this sector was put equal to',iags and salaries paid, which are readily available in the public accounts.

A residual item included the non-measured items of product, income of self-employed persons and owner-operated business. It was obtained as difference between expenditure on gross domestic product and the specified components of the bread-down by industry.

•

'/G:T .14/lT AC, 14 Page 15

':'h8 estiF,a tes for specific inc_ustries ma...;r ::;,ctua1.'~y be toe hi,:jh because of a certain

degre,-? of l~0 re8i~ual itse is

smaller thFU.l i t _{shou~_d} he"

As far as -(,ho E:st-i.mate of Gross dome~tic expenditure is concerned.

it should le noted 'eha-::' -~hE; l:Iousehold ~xpend:;"ture fJU.I'"'iley T·;hich Ivas the main sourCE for the 8stir:ic.tC::- c.:. l~a:r;"oncLi. cOn311;.l:::-;"t;~.OE only covered f.l.OUS8- holds with an incC"Ele of ~8f,~ ~r:C1~ '~I 9 ceo r,e^r,' ann1J.IT' '" 'I:'his might give

overall consUII:ption 8s"tirn<.,1re:;_ YU2."ttLe::"'lT10 re_~ lOcal proc1uction of wearing

not ta.i:en into dGCO~~-:~" "--,-~l,_e-," '(,eLlS j,1~li~~j.1 ''-,erE: :llso disregi'.'.rded, included imp1 tEd :,,'ent of ^(.:J' ,-c.J.'Y~r~e::-,t buildings., >,::l-8c:.;r::'cit::l suprlied free to employe8~

All these 7;].rio,-~g f'ac,'"'.;or-s (,(lulU. seem TQ indic~t8 -that the estimate of gross domestic e::z.rGnc_itur9 is 't)robc~bly an under-·estili:ate, although i t is, of 001;"::'88, not POSto:ib:L8 ·~0 say ,:ny-;~hinb' eo1)s<.lutely difinite about this.

In the follo-~;ring, a r..mnber 'Jf t2bles are ~bOWh Hhere the data frCTJ the accounts of St.ana are fiti2d into -~he frameHork of th·:: intermediate system of national i.1.-CCounts~ ^11.1'!:le tables are nurnbeTed.. as irl the inter- mediate system.. Of the seventeen -Ga~les requ.ired, only t~v'O are almust

COITIflete and. seven incc:mplets ..

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