1 Table of contents
Acknowledgments ... 3
General Introduction ... 7
Chapter 1: Do Democratic Transitions Attract Foreign Investors? If So, How Fast? ... 13
1. Introduction ... 17
2. Being a Democracy vs. Becoming a Democracy ... 19
3. Method and Data ... 24
4. Baseline Results... 28
5. Tackling Endogeneity ... 38
6. Conclusion ... 43
Appendices – Chapter 1... 45
Chapter 2: Ballots instead of bullets? The effect of the Voting Rights Act on political violence ... 63
1. Introduction ... 67
2. Does enfranchisement temper political violence? ... 70
3. Empirical strategy: The Voting Rights Act ... 73
4. Data and Method ... 77
5. Empirical results: Enfranchisement reduces political violence ... 82
6. The effect of enfranchisement on political violence: transmission channels ... 90
7. Conclusion ... 99
Appendices – Chapter 2... 100
Chapter 3: Steam democracy up! Industrialization-led opposition in Napoleonic plebiscites ... 117
1.Introduction ... 121
2.Industrialization and political opposition in autocracy ... 123
3. Industrialization and the 1870 plebiscite ... 127
4. Data... 128
5. Method ... 129
6. The effect of industrialization on the opposition to autocracy ... 132
2
8. Conclusion ... 146
Appendices – Chapter 3... 147
Chapter 4: A positive effect of political dynasties: the case of France’s 1940 enabling Act ... 151
1.Introduction ... 155
2.Democratic dynasties and the defense of democracy ... 158
3.Historical background ... 161
4.Data and method ... 165
5.Baseline results ... 172
6.Robustness checks ... 174
7.Why did democratic dynastic politicians behave differently on July 10, 1940? ... 177
8.Conclusion ... 188
Appendices – Chapter 4... 190
General Conclusion ... 209
