IA-QUEST

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IA-QUEST - (Indoor Air Quality Emission Simulation Tool)

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http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca I A - Q U E S T ( I n d o o r A i r Q u a l i t y E m i s s i o n S i m u l a t i o n T o o l ) I R C - O R A L - 8 5 0 W o n , D . F e b r u a r y 1 3 , 2 0 0 8

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Les renseignements dans ce document sont protégés par la Loi sur le droit d'auteur, par les lois, les politiques et les règlements du Canada et des accords internationaux. Ces dispositions permettent d'identifier la source de l'information et, dans certains cas, d'interdire la copie de documents sans permission écrite. Pour obtenir de plus amples renseignements : http://lois.justice.gc.ca/fr/showtdm/cs/C-42

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(Indoor Air QUality Emission Simulation Tool)

D. Won

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Contents

• Background for IA-QUEST

– Importance of VOCs & Low-Emitting Materials

– Material Emission Project (1996 – 2000, 2000-2004)

• IA-QUEST

– Major features

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Volatile organic compounds (C & H)

 Indoor >> Outdoor (US EPA)  200-300 VOCs indoors

 Health Effects: irritants, carcinogens, asthma  No standards for non-industrial settings

Factors:

 Many sources indoors  Tight houses

Air tightness survey results (BSI ’90)

Why do we care

about IAQ & VOCs?

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Control Options?

Ventilation

 Open window

 Mechanical ventilation ($$)

Air cleaning devices

 Energy cost ($$)  Not efficient

Source control

 Avoidance

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Low-emitting materials (Canada)

• LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) – Low-emitting materials

• Adhesives and sealants (1 point)

• Paints and coating (1 point)

• Carpet (1 point)

• Composite wood & laminated adhesives (1 point)

• Labeling Scheme

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6 Low-emitting materials (USA) • LEED • California – Section 01350 specification

– Recognized by US EPA & others

• BIFMA Emission Standards

(Business & Institutional Furniture Manufacturer’s Ass.)

• Industry Labeling Schemes

– Green Label Plus (Carpet & Rug Institute)

– Indoor Advantage Gold (Scientific Certification Systems) – Floorscore (Scientific Certification Systems)

– GREENGUARD Children & Schools Certification Program (GREENGUARD Environmental Institute)

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Problem Statement

• Product labeling is Voluntary

– Very limited products are labeled.

• Lack of Consistency in Product Labeling

– Focused on a sector or a national market – Specific tests

• Testing procedures (4 vs 3 & 28 days)

• Chemicals (TVOC, formaldehyde, ~80 VOCs, ~170 VOCs) • Reporting Units

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Objectives of Material

Emissions Projects

(1996- )

 Baseline data on material emissions with a

standardized method

 Estimation of impacts on indoor air quality by

building materials

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Consortium

Members

Government partners

Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation Natural Resources Canada

Public Works and Government Services Canada Health Canada

Panel of Energy Research & Development

Industry partners

Canadian Wood Council

Chemical Manufacturers Association (USA) Gypsum Association (USA)

USG Corporation (USA)

International partners

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10 Bu ildin g m a t e r ia l Spe cim e n s ( 6 9 ) Em ission s Te st s ME project 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000 800000 900000 1000000 Time--> Abundance TIC: [BSB1]03111313.D Ch e m ica l An a lysis ( 9 0 VOCs) D a t a An a lysis M ode llin g Decision-making

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Chamber testing Test Methods: 50-L chamber test Clean air Sampling Exhaust Chemical Analysis

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TVOC

90

CMEIAQ-II Advisory Committee: HC, CMHC, NRCan, PWGSC, Unv. Health-Relevant Target VOCs Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï

VOC Emission Profile – Building Material

Target VOCs

Ï Ï Ï Ï Ï _Ï Ï Ï Ï IAQ Analysis

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9 0

VOCs

Health Canada - Domestic Substances List (1111/40) US EPA - HAP List (2222/188) ATSDR– CERCLA (1818/275) California OEHHA -Proposition 65 (1111/701) European Commission – TVOC List (5757/63) European Commission – TVOC List (5757/63)

Health Canada - Priority Substances Lists (1818/69)

WHO - Air Pollutant Guidelines (1818/55) NI OSH - Method 2549 (2929/42) US EPA - VCCEP List (1919/23) California OEHHA – CREL List (2222/78)

I RC – I ndoor Air / Material Emission Experience

Target VOCs:

References

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Software: IA-QUEST

Database

• Em ission Dat a for • 90+ VOCs • 69 Mat erials • Test recor d • Specim ens • Condit ions

Simulation Tool

• single zone m odel

• predict ion of VOC concent rat ions • t ool for evaluat ing im pact of:

• m at erial select ion choices

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Information (1): Emission Factor

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Information (1): Emission Factor (modeled)

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Application #1:

Product Comparison

(within floor category)

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 Emission factor at 24h (mg/m2/h) TVOC

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Application #1:

Product & application

(within floor assemblies)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Carpet assembly (carpet_adhesive_concrete) Linoleum assembly (Lin_adhesive_plywood)

Laminated floor assembly (Lam_foam_OSB)

Emission factor at 24h (mg/m2/h)

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23 Application #1: Product Comparison (IAQ - modeled) 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 Concentration (mg/m3) TVOC Carpet assembly (carpet_adhesive_concrete) Linoleum assembly (Lin_adhesive_plywood) Laminated floor assembly (Lam_foam_OSB)

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Application #2:

Product Selection

(Labeling Requirement)

Scenario:

– Find a carpet product – CRI’s Green Label

– Max Emission Factor: 0.5 mg/m2_{/h for TVOC, etc.}

IA-QUEST function – Use “Query”

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Application #2: Labeling Requirement (Query)

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Application #3: IAQ Meet the Guideline Value?

Scenario:

– Carpet in a room (27 m3_{, 10 m}2_{, 0.5 ACH)}

– Can we meet the guideline for the first 10 days?

• TVOC: ~0.4 mg/m3 _(Japan)

• Formaldehyde: ~0.015 mg/m3 _(California)

IAQUEST function

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Application #3: IAQ Guideline Values

(carpet & glue)

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 192 216 240 Concentration (mg/m 3 )

Carpet & glue (0.5 ACH)

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36 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 192 216 240 Time (h) Concentration (mg/m 3 )

Carpet & glue (0.5 ACH) Carpet (0.5 ACH) Application #3: IAQ Guideline Values (No glue) Material Selection TVOC Guideline = 0.4

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37 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 192 216 240 Concentration (mg/m 3 )

Carpet & glue (0.5 ACH) Carpet (0.5 ACH)

Carpet & glue (1 ACH)

Application #3: IAQ Guideline Values

(0.5

Æ

1 ACH)

Ventilation Rate

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38 Application #3: IAQ Guideline Values (Formaldehyde) 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 192 216 240 Time (h) Concentration (mg/m 3 )

Carpet & glue (0.5 ACH)

Carpet (0.5 ACH)

Carpet & glue (1 ACH)

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Limitations:

Comprehensive, but Limited Database

- 69 materials? (genetic description)

- 90 VOCs? (semi-VOCs: plasticizers & flame retardants?) - Formaldehyde data (not measured for all)

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Summary

• 1st tool to manage VOCs indoors

• 69 bldg materials

• 90 target compounds, developed by federal partners

• Database for emission factors

• Simulation of indoor air quality (concentrations) – Building materials

– Ventilation rates – Chemicals