Apparatus for pressure and heat-resistance tests of fire hose

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NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA

D I V I S I O N OF B U I L D I N G RESEARCH

APPARATUS FOR P R E S S W AND HEAT-RESISTANCE TESTS OF F I R E HOSE R o D o Stagg and Go W i l l i a m s - L e i r A ~ ~ A I . Y Z E D Internal R e p o r t N o o 255 of the D i v i s i o n o f B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h OTTAWA A p r i l

1962

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Since 1953 t h e D i v i s i o n of B u i l d i n g Research h a s c a r r i e d o u t acceptance t e s t i n g of f o r e s t r y f i r e hose f o r t h e N.R.C. A s s o c i a t e Committee on F o r e s t F i r e P r o t e c - t i o n a g a i n s t s p e c i f i c a t i o n s of t h e Canadian Government S p e c i f i c a t i o n s Board. !The a p p a r a t u s r e q u i r e s a c e r t a i n f l e x i b i l i t y t o accommodate new t y p e s of hose and changes i n t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n . !This r e p o r t d e s o r i b e s t h e p r e s e n t form of t h e a p p a r a t u s .

The first a u t h o r

i s

a member of t h e l a b o r a t o r y s t a f f of t h e F i r e S e c t i o n and h a s been r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e use of t h e a p p a r a t u s now d e s c r i b e d . lIhe second a u t h o r , a p h y s i c i s t and a r e s e a r c h o f f i c e r h a s had, a s one of h i s

assignments, g e n e r a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e f o r e s t r y hose work c a r r i e d o u t by t h e F i r e S e c t i o n .

Ottawa

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AE'ARATUS FOR PRESSURE

AmD

HEAT-RESISTANCE !lXSTS

OF FIRE HOSE

R.

D. Stagg and

G.

Williams-Leir

Two p i e c e s of equipment have been developed f o r t h e

t e s t i n g of f o r e s t r y f i r e hose according t o CGSB s p e c i f i c a -

t i o n s .

A

d e s i r a b l e f e a t u r e of

t h i s

equipment i s t h a t

it can

r e a d i l y be modified t o t e s t t y p e s of hose o t h e r t h a n t h o s e

it

w a s

o r i g i n a l l y d e s i m e d f o r , and t h a t

it a l l o w s some

f l e x i b i l i t y i n t h e c h a r a c t e r of t h e t e s t a p p l i e d .

The f i r s t a p p a r a t u s h a s been developed t o t e s t a

specimen f o r leakage, b u r s t i n g p r e s s u r e , e l o n g a t i o n , e t c ,

The specimen of hose t o be t e s t e d

i s

placed i n a l a r g e ,

c l e a n p l a s t i c tube. Hydraulic p r e s s u r e

i s

t h e n a p p l i e d

i n t e r n a l l y t o t h e specimen by means of a n a i r - d r i v e n pump,

There a r e f a c i l i t i e s f o r c o l l e c t i n g leakage over

a

10-ft

p o r t i o n excluding leakage a t e i t h e r coupling.

A

p r e s s u r e

r e c o r d e r

w i t h

two s c a l e s

i s

used.

The lorn p r e s s u r e s c a l e

h a s

a

p r e s s u r e - l i m i t i n g valve t o p r e v e n t damage t o t h e

mechanism.

F i g u r e s

1

and 2 give a flow c h a r t and

a g e n e r a l

d e s c r i p t i o n ; Figs. 3 and

4

_{give d e t a i l s of arrangements f o r}

h o l d i n g t h e specimen d u r i n g a t e s t , and Fig. 5 shows t h e

whole i n use.

A

second a p p a r a t u s

i s

used f o r t h e h e a t - r e s i s t a n o e

t e s t of hose.

The pump on t h e p r e s s u r e t e s t a p p a r a t u s

s u p p l i e s h i g h p r e s s u r e w a t e r t o b o t h apparatuses.

The

arrangement

i s

shown i n Figs.

6 and

7 .

DETAILS OF PRESSURE AFPARATUS

Three c l e a r p l a s t i c t u b e s , 50 i n . long, 1 2 i n .

OD

and

&

i n . i n w a l l t h i c k n e s s a r e mounted i n l i n e on a Dexion

framework.

A

s l o t c u t i n t h e bottom of t h e two end s e c t i o n s

allows leakage above t h e s l o t t o be c o l l e c t e d .

The d i s t a n c e

between t h e two s l o t s

i s

1 0

f t .

IChree troughs a r e provided,

two beneath t h e s l o t s , and one a t t h e bottom end of t h e tube.

A

modified three-may valve

i s employed a t each trough t o

permit t h e c o l l e c t i o n of leakage i n a graduate c y l i n d e r , o r

t o a l l o w

it t o flow back t o t h e r e s e r v o i r .

The r e s e r v o i r s u p p l i e s w a t e r t o a n a i r - d r i v e n

p i s t o n pump through a f i l t e r .

The d e l i v e r y of t h e pump t h e n

flows t o a n

accumulator

t h a t cushions p r e s s u r e surges above

i t s

preload p r e s s u r e , which

i s

s e t a t 250 p s i .

A

needle

valve c o n t r o l s t h e flow from

t h i s

system t o t h e specimen.

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A t e e connection a f t e r t h e n e e d l e valve p r o v i d e s

a

p r e s s u r e

t a p a s w e l l a s t h e supply t o t h e specimen. A i r supply t o t h e pump comes from a 100-psi l i n e through a r e d u c i n g v a l v e , a w a t e r t r a p and a n o i l bubbler. An exhaust m u f f l e r completes t h e a i r - f l o w p o r t i o n of t h e system.

When a hose r u p t u r e s , t h e r e i s a chance t h a t t h e c o u p l i n g s , u n l e s s r e s t r a i n e d , w i l l s t r i k e and damage t h e p l a s t i c t u b e . To p r e v e n t t h i s , each c o u p l i n g i s a t t a c h e d t o a h o l d e r designed t o s l i d e on two b r a s s r o d s running t h e l e n g t h of t h e t u b e ; a t each end t h e r o d s a r e b o l t e d t o sub- s t a n t i a l wooden end-covers. One h o l d e r i s f r e e t o s l i d e

a s

t h e hose specimen e l o n g a t e s w i t h p r e s s u r e ; t h e o t h e r can be moved i f n e c e s s a r y t o accommodate specimens of v a r y i n g l e n g t h s . \When a specimen r u p t u r e s v i o l e n t l y , t h e main impact

i s

absorbed by t h e wooden p l a t e s and t h e b r a s s rods. A specimen i s f e d i n t o t h e tube from t h e t o p end of t h e tube and p u l l e d down by a nylon cord. The t o p end of t h e specimen i s t h e n f a s t e n e d t o t h e h o l d e r , and t h e supply hose connection i s made. The bottom end i s t h e n p u t i n t h e bottom h o l d e r . A c h a r t i s placed on t h e r e c o r d e r w i t h t h e a p p r o p r i a t e p r e s s u r e - t i m e curve drawn on t h e c h a r t . Flow i s manually c o n t r o l l e d w i t h b o t h t h e r e d u c i n g valve and t h e n e e d l e valve t o b r i n g t h e p r e s s u r e t o t h e value r e q u i r e d by t h e curve. When t h e f l o w

i s s m a l l , p u l s a t i o n can be minimized by c o n s t r i c t i n g f l o w a t t h e n e e d l e v a l v e , while compensating f o r t h e consequent

p r e s s u r e l o s s a c r o s s t h e n e e d l e valve by r a i s i n g t h e r e d u c i n g valve s e t t i n g . With r a p i d flow, p u l s a t i o n i s n o t a problem.

The t o p and bottom h o l d e r s shown i n Figs. 3 and 4

a r e f o r l a - i n . hose. Other h o l d e r s have been made t o allom f o r t e s t i n g of 1 - i n . and &-in. hose.

LIST OF EQUIETIIEET USED

A i r pump

-

Sprague t y p e S-216C-20 Accumulator

-

Greer model 30-A-1VS Dexion framework

Hose

-

Aeroquip h i g h p r e s s u r e type 1325 Recorder

-

B a i l e y type Kh155A, 0 t o 300 p s i ,

0 t o 1500 p s i

C l e a r p l a s t i c t u b e

-

Three s e c t i o n s 50- by 12-in. OD by &-in. w a l l , coupled w i t h D r e s s e r c o u p l i n g s

Valves

-

High p r e s s u r e needle v a l v e , Air-reducing valve

F i l t e r s

-

A i r f i l - t e x t o remove w a t e r , S u c t i o n f i l t e r , 100 mesh, t o remove d i r t from w a t e r s u p p l y Gauges

-

0 t o 3000 p s i

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D ~ A I L S OF HEAT RESISTANCE A ~ ~ A R A T U S

The Dexion framework provides a working s u r f a c e which i s undamaged by water, A s t e e l b l o c k 3 by 3 by 12 i n . , weighing a b o u t 32 l b , r e s t s on s t r i p s of a s b e s t o s while

it

i s h e a t e d . !bo Meker b u r n e r s f u e l l e d w i t h propane a r e used t o h e a t t h e s t e e l block, The temperature of t h e s t e e l b l o c k , which i s i n s u l a t e d by a s b e s t o s s t r i p s on t h e s i d e s , ends and t o p , i s measured by two thermocouples peened i n t o t h e t o p of t h e b l o c k and connected i n p a r a l l e l , Temperature r e a d i n g s a r e made w i t h a pyrometer. A f t e r removing t h e b u r n e r s , f i v e min i s allowed f o r t h e b l o c k t o a t t a i n thermal e q u i l i b r i u m b e f o r e it i s a p p l i e d t o t h e hose specimen.

Water i s s u p p l i e d t o t h e specimen by a l & - i n . hose connected t o t h e main supply. A $-turn v a l v e i s used t o t u r n t h e flow on o r o f f , a needle valve r e g u l a t e s

it,

and a r o t a - meter measures it. A p i e c e of l & - i n . hose i s used a s a

f l e x i b l e c o u p l i n g t o accommodate e l o n g a t i o n of t h e specimens under p r e s s u r e . A t e e permits a hose connection t o t h e h i g h p r e s s u r e supply from t h e p r e s s u r e - t e s t a p p a r a t u s . The

specimen i s coupled t o t h e a p p a r a t u s and r e s t s on a s m a l l t a b l e , which i s s h i e l d e d t o check t h e w a t e r s p r a y when a specimen r u p t u r e s .

LIST

OF EQUIIIVIENT USED

S t e e l b l o c k

-

3 by 3 by 12 i n . , i n s u l a t e d w i t h a s b e s t o s

Dexion framework

Gauges

-

0 t o 300 p s i

Valves

-

two $-turn v a l v e s l & - i n . s i z e , one n e e d l e valve

Rotameter

-

Brooks model F01112, 25 gpm c a p a c i t y Pyrometer

-

B r i s t o l p o r t a b l e , Type No. 622,

c a l i b r a t e d i n OF. Burners

-

P i s h e r c a t . No. 3-9022 Miscellaneous

-

s h e e t metal s h i e l d s

-

_{a s b e s t o s i n s u l a t i n g s t r i p s}

-

_{f l e x i b l e hose c o n n e c t i o n} M r . E. 0. Porteous c o n s t r u c t e d t h e p r e s s u r e t e s t a p p a r a t u s i n i t s o r i g i n a l form and a s s i s t e d w i t h t h e d e s i g n .

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r W A T E R FILTER FAIR ACCUMULATOR AIR SUPPLY 100 PSI -"" L 7

I

PRESSURE REDUCING CONTROL VALVE TO HOSE SPECIMEN TO RECORDER SURGE" ACCUMULATOR L 0 - 3 0 0 0 -250 TO 3000 PSI HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATOR PSI GAUGE

TEST SPECIMEN FROM PUMP

L L ₁

0 RETURN TO RESERVOIR